WO2022231465A1 - Способ формирования цифрового изображения - Google Patents
Способ формирования цифрового изображения Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022231465A1 WO2022231465A1 PCT/RU2021/000481 RU2021000481W WO2022231465A1 WO 2022231465 A1 WO2022231465 A1 WO 2022231465A1 RU 2021000481 W RU2021000481 W RU 2021000481W WO 2022231465 A1 WO2022231465 A1 WO 2022231465A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- image
- ccd
- optical
- digital
- matrices
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001444 catalytic combustion detection Methods 0.000 claims description 121
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 101100115215 Caenorhabditis elegans cul-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/75—Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/41—Extracting pixel data from a plurality of image sensors simultaneously picking up an image, e.g. for increasing the field of view by combining the outputs of a plurality of sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/74—Circuitry for scanning or addressing the pixel array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
- G02B27/14—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only
- G02B27/144—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by reflection only using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity
Definitions
- the invention relates to television methods for obtaining an image. It can be used in television license plate recognition systems and in iris identification systems. It is most relevant to use this invention when creating television systems 4K UHDTV and 8K UHDTV digital formats, as well as professional digital cameras for studio or artistic shooting with printing quality.
- the disadvantages of this method include high cost, high power consumption, the inability to remove moving objects and the need for cooling.
- a known method of scanning a color image and a device for its implementation [RF Patent N°2158486, IPC H04N 1/04, H04N 1/10, publ. October 21, 2000].
- the essence of its work lies in dividing the entire scanning field into elementary sections, multiple scanning of each section with a head that contains a CCD matrix. Then, the video signal (f/s) from several scans of each area is averaged to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (s/n).
- the formation of an image of the entire scanning field with increased resolution occurs by electronically combining all elementary sections.
- the disadvantages of this method include the presence of an electromechanical assembly, which worsens the reliability of the system and the inability to remove moving objects.
- a known method for obtaining high-definition television images in a camera on conventional CCDs [RF Patent X"2143789, IPC H04N 5/335, H04N 5/225, publ. 12/27/1999], selected as a prototype, which has the same essential features with the claimed object of the invention: in parallel, simultaneous digitization, pre-processing and recording of I / s in memory, followed by reading at an increased clock frequency and final processing of I / s.
- a device for obtaining high-definition television images in a camera on conventional CCDs [RF Patent N°2143789, IPC H04N 5/335, H04N 5/225, publ. 12/27/1999], chosen as a prototype, based on the fact that the optical unit generates two images identical in optical parameters, which are projected onto two CCDs so that two superimposed images are obtained.
- Video signals from CCD matrices operating in the usual decomposition standard are simultaneously digitized, pre-processed and recorded in memory each in its own channel.
- the cells of the information field are filled with the processed signal and are arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
- a single technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is to improve the quality of a digital image by increasing its resolution by a factor of P.
- the sensitivity of the devices does not deteriorate and is determined by the selected CCD matrices.
- the claimed method of forming a digital image using several CCDs, as well as in the prototype, is that the CCDs operate in the usual decomposition standard and in parallel.
- An optical image is simultaneously projected onto the CCD matrices.
- the CCD matrices are shifted relative to each other, and all video signals from the CCD matrices are simultaneously digitized, pre-processed, recorded in memory, thereby creating an information field that is read at an increased clock frequency and finally processed.
- an optical image is formed on an area equal to the sum of photosensitive areas of P CCD matrices, which is simultaneously projected on four channels onto all CCD matrices, which are shifted relative to each other so that each of them forms a video signal from only one of the P sectors of the given image .
- the number P I ⁇ 1 2 , where m is the number of CCD matrices both vertically and horizontally, starting from two. Moreover, the CCD matrices of one channel form video signals from those sectors of the image that do not border on each other.
- the information field is read at a frequency P times higher than the clock frequency by sequential electronic combining of video signals of CCD matrix lines, which convert adjacent image sectors horizontally, but located in different channels, and by sequential electronic combining of video signals of CCD matrix frames, which convert neighboring image sectors vertically, but located in different channels.
- the device for forming a digital image using several CCDs contains an optical unit, which includes an optically coupled lens and a neutral translucent mirror, the outputs of the optical unit are connected to the corresponding inputs of optical image-to-digital signal converters, which consist of serially connected CCDs , ADC, pre-processing unit and memory unit, and the outputs of the optical image converters into a digital signal are connected through the switch to the input of the final processing unit, the output of which is the output of the device, and the control inputs of the CCD, ADC, memory unit and switch are connected to the corresponding outputs of the control unit .
- optical image-to-digital signal converters which consist of serially connected CCDs , ADC, pre-processing unit and memory unit
- the outputs of the optical image converters into a digital signal are connected through the switch to the input of the final processing unit, the output of which is the output of the device, and the control inputs of the CCD, ADC, memory unit and switch are connected to the corresponding outputs
- the lens forms an optical image on an area equal to the sum of the photosensitive areas of the P CCD matrices, two neutral translucent mirrors are introduced into the optical unit, as a result of which it is made with four outputs connected to the corresponding inputs P of the optical radiation converters into a digital signal, the outputs of the latter are connected with switch inputs.
- the size of the photosensitive area is understood not as the entire area of the accumulation section of the CCD matrix, which determines the total resolution, but as the area that determines the effective resolution.
- the area that determines the effective resolution is limited by the line spacing of the CCD array vertically and the diffusion regions horizontally. In this case, the effective resolution is always slightly less than the full one, because the elements located at the edges of the crystal are more prone to defects. All information accumulated in CCD matrices is simultaneously displayed at a low clock frequency, digitized, pre-processed and stored in memory, only that part that relates to light-sensitive areas.
- CCD arrays are installed in the image plane so that the area that determines the effective resolution coincides with the area of the corresponding image sector.
- the proposed technical solutions make it possible to improve the quality of a digital image by increasing its resolution by a factor of P. At the same time, the sensitivity does not deteriorate and is determined by the selected CCD matrices.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a multiple CCD digital imaging device.
- FIG. 2 shows the image subject 6, the four identical imaging circuit 16, 17, 18, 19, and the location of the accumulation sections 12, 13, 14, 15 of the respective CCDs 1, CCDs 2, CCDs 3, and CCDs 4 in the image data planes.
- FIG. 3 shows the principle of electronically combining the I/O of the respective lines of CCD 1 and CCD 2, as well as the I/O of the corresponding lines of CCD 3 and CCD 4.
- FIG. 4 shows the location of the accumulation sections 20, 21, .28 of the corresponding
- FIG. 5 shows the principle of electronically combining the I/O of the corresponding lines of CCD 5, CCD 9 and CCD 6, as well as the I/O of the corresponding lines of CCD 11, CCD 13 and CCD 12, as well as the I/O of the corresponding lines of CCD 7, CCD 10 and CCD 8 .
- the optical unit 1 forms an image on an area equal to the sum of the photosensitive areas of the P CCD matrices. This image is fed to the inputs of the P (POICS) via four channels. All POICs are marked with the number 2 as they are identical and each of them consists of serially connected CCDs, ADCs, a preprocessing unit and a memory unit. All elements of the block diagram of the device (Fig. 1) are known and mastered by the industry. Moreover, digitized video signals, each in its channel, are balanced according to the levels of "black” and "white” with an accuracy of one least significant bit of quantization, undergo the necessary special processing and are recorded in memory blocks. In the final processing block 4, final processing is carried out, including full aperture correction.
- a jug is chosen as the subject of image 6 (Fig. 2).
- Lens 7 (O) forms an image, on an area equal to the sum of light-sensitive areas of four CCD matrices, which is converted into four congruent images 16, 17, 18 and 19, which are simultaneously projected through four channels onto the accumulation sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the respective CCD 1, CCD 2, CCD 3 and CCD 4.
- the CCD matrices are shifted relative to each other so that each of them forms a V/S from only one of the four sectors of the given image.
- the CCD arrays are mounted in the image planes so that the sector boundaries shown in FIG. 2, the dashed line passed along the line spacings of the CCD arrays horizontally and along the diffusion regions vertically.
- the image sectors must be the same and match in size with the photosensitive areas of the CCD matrices.
- Video signals from CCD matrices operating in standard modes are simultaneously digitized, pre-processed and recorded in the memory of the corresponding POICS 2. This creates an information field. From the outputs of POICS 2, the information field is read at a quadruple clock frequency using (K) 3, (BU) 5 and fed to the input (BOO) 4. At output 4, a digital V/s is formed, which corresponds to a high quality digital image. From FIG. 2 shows that the spatial arrangement of the accumulation sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the respective CCD 1, CCD 2, CCD 3 and CCD 4 in the planes of the four images 16, 17, 18 and 19 makes it possible to form the corresponding digital V/s.
- the horizontal digital V/s is formed by serial electronic combining of the V/s of the corresponding lines of CCD 1 with CCD 2 and CCD 3 with CCD 4. 3 and CCD 2 with CCD 4. These CCDs transform adjacent sectors of the image, but are in different channels. Electronic A/C merging makes it possible to double the horizontal resolution and double the vertical resolution.
- the rows of CCD matrices (Fig. 3) contain 16 photosensitive elements in analog form.
- the image is converted to digital high-resolution with four times the resolution at the selected sensitivity of the CCDs used.
- the frame output time does not change. This means that the quality of the digital image has improved.
- FIG. 4 is the location of the accumulation sections 20, 21, .... 28 of the corresponding CCDs 5, CCDs 6, .... CCDs 13 in the planes of four images 16, 17, 18 and 19.
- the CCD arrays are shifted so that each of them forms V/s from only one of the nine sectors of the given image. From FIG. 5 it can be seen that the CCD matrices of one channel form the V/s from those sectors of the image that do not border on each other.
- the horizontal digital V/s is formed by sequential electronic combination of the V/s of the corresponding lines of CCD 5 with CCD 9 and CCD 6, as well as V/s CCD 11 with CCD 13 and CCD 12, as well as V/s CCD 7 with CCD 10 and CCD 8.
- the vertical digital V/s is formed by sequential electronic combination of V/s of the corresponding frames of CCD 5 with CCD 11 and CCD 7, as well as V/s of CCD 9 with CCD 13 and CCD 10, and also in / with CCD 6 with CCD 12 and CCD 8.
- These CCDs convert adjacent sectors of the image, but are in different channels. This increases the resolution per line by a factor of three and per frame by a factor of three.
- the rows of CCD matrices (Fig. 5) contain ten light-sensitive elements in analog form.
- the optical image is converted into a digital V/s with a resolution increased by nine times at the selected sensitivity of the used CCD matrices.
- the frame output time does not change. This means that the quality of the digital image has improved.
- a single technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions is to improve the quality of a digital image by increasing its resolution by a factor of P.
- the sensitivity of the devices has not deteriorated and is determined by the selected CCD matrices.
- the maximum achievable quality of a digital image depends on the ability of the optical system to create an optical image of the required format in the focal plane.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023567038A JP2024516271A (ja) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | デジタル画像の形成方法 |
US18/032,375 US11902683B1 (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Method for forming a digital image |
US18/032,375 US20240031700A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-03 | Method for forming a digital image |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2021112571A RU2769274C1 (ru) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-04-28 | Способ формирования цифрового изображения с помощью нескольких ПЗС и устройства для его реализации |
RU2021112571 | 2021-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022231465A1 true WO2022231465A1 (ru) | 2022-11-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/RU2021/000481 WO2022231465A1 (ru) | 2021-04-28 | 2021-11-03 | Способ формирования цифрового изображения |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US11902683B1 (ru) |
JP (1) | JP2024516271A (ru) |
RU (1) | RU2769274C1 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2022231465A1 (ru) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2143789C1 (ru) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-12-27 | Московское конструкторское бюро "Электрон" | Способ получения телевизионных изображений высокой четкости в камере на обычных пзс и устройство для реализации этого способа |
JP2006304154A (ja) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-02 | Nisco Kk | 原子炉内構造物検査用テレビカメラ装置 |
CN102752503A (zh) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-24 | 中国兵器工业第二0五研究所 | 双光路四ccd拼接电视摄像装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2737326B1 (fr) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-10-17 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | Procede pour le traitement ou la transmission d'une image acquise sous la forme d'une matrice de pixels |
US8937651B2 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2015-01-20 | Dvp Technologies Ltd. | Imaging system and method for use in monitoring a field of regard |
RU2428810C1 (ru) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-09-10 | Вячеслав Михайлович Смелков | Телевизионная камера для наблюдения в условиях сложного освещения и/или сложной яркости объектов |
US9491377B2 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2016-11-08 | Trimble Navigation Limited | Methods of extracting 4-band data from a single CCD; methods of generating 4×4 or 3×3 color correction matrices using a single CCD |
-
2021
- 2021-04-28 RU RU2021112571A patent/RU2769274C1/ru active
- 2021-11-03 US US18/032,375 patent/US11902683B1/en active Active
- 2021-11-03 JP JP2023567038A patent/JP2024516271A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-03 WO PCT/RU2021/000481 patent/WO2022231465A1/ru active Application Filing
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2022
- 2022-11-03 US US18/032,375 patent/US20240031700A1/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2143789C1 (ru) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-12-27 | Московское конструкторское бюро "Электрон" | Способ получения телевизионных изображений высокой четкости в камере на обычных пзс и устройство для реализации этого способа |
JP2006304154A (ja) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-02 | Nisco Kk | 原子炉内構造物検査用テレビカメラ装置 |
CN102752503A (zh) * | 2012-07-09 | 2012-10-24 | 中国兵器工业第二0五研究所 | 双光路四ccd拼接电视摄像装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11902683B1 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
RU2021112571A (ru) | 2021-09-13 |
US20240031700A1 (en) | 2024-01-25 |
JP2024516271A (ja) | 2024-04-12 |
RU2021112571A3 (ru) | 2022-02-01 |
RU2769274C1 (ru) | 2022-03-29 |
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