WO2022229472A1 - Cooling fin assembly for a bushing in glass fibre production made by additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Cooling fin assembly for a bushing in glass fibre production made by additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022229472A1 WO2022229472A1 PCT/EP2022/070072 EP2022070072W WO2022229472A1 WO 2022229472 A1 WO2022229472 A1 WO 2022229472A1 EP 2022070072 W EP2022070072 W EP 2022070072W WO 2022229472 A1 WO2022229472 A1 WO 2022229472A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass fibre
- cooling fin
- assembly
- fin assembly
- additive manufacturing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011960 computer-aided design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/0203—Cooling non-optical fibres drawn or extruded from bushings, nozzles or orifices
- C03B37/0209—Cooling non-optical fibres drawn or extruded from bushings, nozzles or orifices by means of a solid heat sink, e.g. cooling fins
Definitions
- Fibreglass is the original fibre reinforcement of modern composites. Though the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Greeks knew how to melt glass and stretch it into thin fibres, it wasn’t until the 1930s that the process evolved into commercial-scale manufacturing of continuous fibres, which would later be used as structural reinforcements. Patent applications filed between 1933 and 1937 by Games Slayter, John Thomas and Dale Kleist, employees of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. (Toledo, Ohio), record the key developments that step-changed the industry from producing discontinuous-fibre glass wool to making continuous glass filaments with diameters as small as 4 microns (4 millionths of a meter) and thousands of feet long. Ensuing breakthroughs made the process commercially viable and cost-competitive.
- Glass fibre is made by blending raw materials, melting them in a three-stage furnace, extruding the molten glass through a so-called bushing in the bottom of the forehearth, cooling the filaments with water and then applying a chemical size. The filaments are then gathered and wound into a package.
- a bushing may be defined as a box like melting vessel (crucible), often providing a cuboid space and comprising a bottom, the so-called tip plate, as well as circumferential walls.
- crucible melting vessel
- the tip plate normally comprises a body between an upper surface and a lower surface at a distance to the upper surface as well as a multiplicity of nozzles, extending between the upper surface and the lower surface and through said body. Through these nozzles, also called tips, the melt may leave the bushing, in most cases under the influence of gravity.
- the resulting glass fibres descending from the hot bushing are cooled with gaseous and/or liquid media (normally air and/or water), which are usually provided by spraying.
- gaseous and/or liquid media normally air and/or water
- the nozzles often have an inner diameter of 1-4mm and a length of 2-10mm, the number of nozzles of one tip plate may be up to a few thousands.
- the arrangement of the nozzles in a tip plate may vary depending on the local conditions in a glass fibre plant.
- the speed of the glass fibre emerging from a nozzle downwardly may be around 1000 meters per minute and allows the formation of very thin continuous glass fibre filaments with diameters of even less than 50pm, often 4 to 35pm.
- the required melting temperatures which may be of up to 1700° Celsius
- various heating methods have been developed, wherein the so-called direct resistance heating (also called Joule heating) has been proven successfully.
- the bushing design comprises electrical connecting flanges at opposite wall segments, while the electrical energy is often introduced by means of water-cooled copper clamps.
- AM additive Manufacturing
- AM Advanced Driver Assistanceed Design
- AM encompasses many technologies including subsets like 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping (RP), Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), layered manufacturing and additive fabrication.
- RP Rapid Prototyping
- DDM Direct Digital Manufacturing
- AM is being used to fabricate end-use products in aircraft, dental restorations, medical implants, automobiles, and even fashion products.
- AM offers consumers and professionals alike, the accessibility to create, customize and/or repair product, and in the process, redefine current production technology (Fig. 2).
- Internal cooling channels for fin assembly (preferably made from copper)
- Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device being a solid plate, in particular a plate with an at least partly structured surface, wherein said assembly is manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
- AM Additive Manufacturing
- Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device wherein at least one internal channel is provided in said assembly for flowing a gaseous or liquid cooling medium through said channel.
- Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
- AM Additive Manufacturing
- Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device made from copper or made from a copper alloy.
- Glass fibre forming device comprising at least one cooling fin assembly or at least one fin cooler according to anyone of the preceding claims.
- a gaseous or liquid cooling medium in particular air or water, flows through the channels, normally in a circulatory system, cooling the fin assembly from the inside. Therefore, the outer surface of the fin assembly is effectively cooled, transferring this cooling effect to the glass fibres leaving the bushing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, being a solid plate, in particular a plate with an at least partly structured surface, wherein said assembly is manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM). Glass fibre forming device, comprising at least one cooling fin assembly or at least one fin cooler.
Description
COOLING FIN ASSEMBLY FOR A BUSHING IN GLASS FIBRE PRODUCTION MADE BY
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
General Background
1 . Fibreglass: Overview
Fibreglass is the original fibre reinforcement of modern composites. Though the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Greeks knew how to melt glass and stretch it into thin fibres, it wasn’t until the 1930s that the process evolved into commercial-scale manufacturing of continuous fibres, which would later be used as structural reinforcements. Patent applications filed between 1933 and 1937 by Games Slayter, John Thomas and Dale Kleist, employees of Owens-Illinois Glass Co. (Toledo, Ohio), record the key developments that step-changed the industry from producing discontinuous-fibre glass wool to making continuous glass filaments with diameters as small as 4 microns (4 millionths of a meter) and thousands of feet long. Ensuing breakthroughs made the process commercially viable and cost-competitive.
The last two patents from this series, entitled “Textile Material” and “Glass Fabric,” foreshadowed the future of glass fibre as a textile reinforcement. The patents were awarded in 1938, the same year that Owens-Illinois and Corning Glass Works (Corning, N.Y.) joined to form Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. (OCF). The new company marketed its glass fibre under the trade name Fiberglas, which was the genesis of the common generic reference to fiberglass. It was not long before a number of other manufacturers entered the market and, through numerous process and product innovations, contributed to a worldwide structural composite reinforcements market, that according to market research firm Lucintel (Dallas, Texas, U.S.), reached 2.5 billion pounds in 2018 (Fig. 1).
Glass fibre is made by blending raw materials, melting them in a three-stage furnace, extruding the molten glass through a so-called bushing in the bottom of the forehearth, cooling the filaments with water and then applying a chemical size. The filaments are then gathered and wound into a package.
A bushing may be defined as a box like melting vessel (crucible), often providing a cuboid space and comprising a bottom, the so-called tip plate, as well as circumferential walls.
The tip plate normally comprises a body between an upper surface and a lower surface at a distance to the upper surface as well as a multiplicity of nozzles, extending between the upper
surface and the lower surface and through said body. Through these nozzles, also called tips, the melt may leave the bushing, in most cases under the influence of gravity.
The resulting glass fibres descending from the hot bushing are cooled with gaseous and/or liquid media (normally air and/or water), which are usually provided by spraying.
While the nozzles often have an inner diameter of 1-4mm and a length of 2-10mm, the number of nozzles of one tip plate may be up to a few thousands. The arrangement of the nozzles in a tip plate may vary depending on the local conditions in a glass fibre plant.
The speed of the glass fibre emerging from a nozzle downwardly may be around 1000 meters per minute and allows the formation of very thin continuous glass fibre filaments with diameters of even less than 50pm, often 4 to 35pm.
For providing the required melting temperatures, which may be of up to 1700° Celsius, while at the same time achieving a substantially uniform melt temperature in the bushing, various heating methods have been developed, wherein the so-called direct resistance heating (also called Joule heating) has been proven successfully. For this the bushing design comprises electrical connecting flanges at opposite wall segments, while the electrical energy is often introduced by means of water-cooled copper clamps.
Although various materials can be used for bushings, Platinum alloys have been proven successfully because of their high temperature resistance, low oxidation and relatively good strength.
2. Additive Manufacturing: Overview
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is an appropriate name to describe the technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, whether the material is plastic, metal, concrete or one day . human tissue.
Common to AM technologies is the use of a computer, 3D modelling software (Computer Aided Design or CAD), machine equipment and layering material. Once a CAD sketch is produced, the AM equipment reads in data from the CAD file and lays downs successive layers of liquid, powder, sheet material or other, in a layer-upon-layer fashion to fabricate a 3D object.
The term AM encompasses many technologies including subsets like 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping (RP), Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), layered manufacturing and additive fabrication.
Early use of AM in the form of Rapid Prototyping focused on preproduction visualisation models. More recently, AM is being used to fabricate end-use products in aircraft, dental restorations, medical implants, automobiles, and even fashion products.
While the adding of layer-upon-layer approach is simple, there are many applications of AM technology with degrees of sophistication to meet diverse needs including:
• a visualization tool in design
• a means to create highly customized products for consumers and professionals alike
• as industrial tooling
• to produce small lots of production parts
• one day....production of human organs
At MIT, where the technology was invented, projects abound supporting a range of forward- thinking applications from multi-structure concrete to machines that can build machines; while work at Contour Crafting supports structures for people to live and work in.
Some envision AM as a complement to foundational subtractive manufacturing (removing material like drilling out material) and to lesser degree forming (like forging). Regardless, AM offers consumers and professionals alike, the accessibility to create, customize and/or repair product, and in the process, redefine current production technology (Fig. 2).
Internal cooling channels for fin assembly (preferably made from copper)
Additional Evidence: See Appendix
Description: It was investigated and characterised a new design approach in cooling fins, in particular made from copper. Incorporating self-supporting and tailored cooling channels delivers improved cooling efficiency in the glass fibre production.
Claims:
Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, being a solid plate, in particular a plate with an at least partly structured surface, wherein said assembly is manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, wherein at least one internal channel is provided in said assembly for flowing a gaseous or liquid cooling medium through said channel.
Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, according to the preceding claim, manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, according to anyone of the preceding claims, made from copper or made from a copper alloy.
Glass fibre forming device, comprising at least one cooling fin assembly or at least one fin cooler according to anyone of the preceding claims.
Appendix
Internal cooling channels for fin assembly (made from copper)
Below the copper cooling fin design with internal cooling channels is shown. This improved cooling efficiency will increase the bushing lifetime and deliver improved production flow in the fibre forming. The parts shown were manufactured via AM.
A gaseous or liquid cooling medium, in particular air or water, flows through the channels, normally in a circulatory system, cooling the fin assembly from the inside. Therefore, the outer surface of the fin assembly is effectively cooled, transferring this cooling effect to the glass fibres leaving the bushing.
Claims
1. Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, being a solid plate, in particular a plate with an at least partly structured surface, wherein said assembly is manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
2. Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, wherein at least one internal channel is provided in said assembly for flowing a gaseous or liquid cooling medium through said channel.
3. Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, according to the preceding claim, manufactured by Additive Manufacturing (AM).
4. Cooling fin assembly or fin cooler for a glass fibre forming device, according to anyone of the preceding claims, made from copper or made from a copper alloy.
5. Glass fibre forming device, comprising at least one cooling fin assembly or at least one fin cooler according to anyone of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021207824.9 | 2021-07-21 | ||
| DE102021207824 | 2021-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022229472A1 true WO2022229472A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
Family
ID=82703004
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/070072 WO2022229472A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2022-07-18 | Cooling fin assembly for a bushing in glass fibre production made by additive manufacturing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2022229472A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4330311A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-05-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | High pressure forming bushing and fin cooler |
| US20060117802A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2006-06-08 | Jun Xiao | Apparatus for cooling a filament forming area of a filament forming apparatus |
| WO2021121614A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Amps Advanced Manufacturing Process Solutions Gmbh | Tip plate and corresponding bushing |
-
2022
- 2022-07-18 WO PCT/EP2022/070072 patent/WO2022229472A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4330311A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-05-18 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | High pressure forming bushing and fin cooler |
| US20060117802A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2006-06-08 | Jun Xiao | Apparatus for cooling a filament forming area of a filament forming apparatus |
| WO2021121614A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Amps Advanced Manufacturing Process Solutions Gmbh | Tip plate and corresponding bushing |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MOLITCH-HOU MICHAEL: "Bushings for Glass Fiber Production 3D Printed in Platinum-Rhodium by Cooksongold AM", 3DPRINT.COM, 15 May 2020 (2020-05-15), pages 1 - 5, XP055937938, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://3dprint.com/267397/bushings-for-glass-fiber-production-3d-printed-in-platinum-rhodium-by-cooksongold-am> [retrieved on 20220704] * |
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