WO2022228306A1 - 电子设备 - Google Patents

电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022228306A1
WO2022228306A1 PCT/CN2022/088468 CN2022088468W WO2022228306A1 WO 2022228306 A1 WO2022228306 A1 WO 2022228306A1 CN 2022088468 W CN2022088468 W CN 2022088468W WO 2022228306 A1 WO2022228306 A1 WO 2022228306A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sub
channel
acoustic
groove
channels
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PCT/CN2022/088468
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑宁杰
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2022228306A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022228306A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic products, in particular to an electronic device.
  • an electronic device usually includes an acoustic device for outputting audio, wherein the acoustic device is prone to generate noise when it is affected by electromagnetic interference from other electrical components in the electronic device, external electromagnetic interference, and noise from the cavity pipe. , thereby affecting the sound quality of the audio output by the acoustic device. It can be seen that the acoustic device in the existing electronic equipment has the problem of poor audio output effect.
  • An electronic device provided by the present application can alleviate the problem of poor audio output effect existing in an acoustic device in an existing electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a casing and an acoustic device;
  • the housing is provided with an accommodating cavity, the acoustic device is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the acoustic device divides the accommodating cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity;
  • the shell is provided with an acoustic channel, the first end of the acoustic channel is communicated with the front cavity, the second end of the acoustic channel is closed, and the length of the acoustic channel matches the target wavelength;
  • the first sub-acoustic wave and the second sub-acoustic wave in the front cavity are superimposed to cancel at least part of the target acoustic wave, and the first sub-acoustic wave is the In the target acoustic wave, the acoustic wave reflected to the front cavity through the acoustic channel, the second sub-acoustic wave is the acoustic wave in the target acoustic wave that is not reflected by the acoustic channel, and the wavelength of the target acoustic wave is the target wavelength .
  • the acoustic metamaterial is formed in the front cavity to achieve the effect of eliminating the noise sound waves generated by the acoustic device. Specifically, by arranging an acoustic channel in the housing that communicates with the front cavity, and the second end of the acoustic channel is closed, so that the target sound wave in the front cavity is reflected by the second end of the acoustic channel after entering the acoustic channel, thereby re-propagating to the anterior cavity.
  • the first sub-acoustic wave can be superimposed with the unreflected second sub-acoustic wave in the target acoustic wave to eliminate the target sound waves. It can be seen that the electronic device provided in the present application can weaken sound waves of a specific wavelength, thereby helping to improve the audio output effect of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the acoustic channel
  • Fig. 3 is the waveform diagram of the first sub-acoustic wave and the second sub-acoustic wave in the front cavity;
  • Fig. 5 is the second structural schematic diagram of the acoustic channel
  • FIG. 6 is the third schematic diagram of the structure of the acoustic channel
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural exploded view of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device includes: a casing 100 and an acoustic device 200 ;
  • the housing 100 is provided with an accommodating cavity, the acoustic device 200 is disposed in the accommodating cavity, and the acoustic device 200 divides the accommodating cavity into a front cavity 110 and a rear cavity 120;
  • the housing 100 is provided with an acoustic channel 130 , the first end of the acoustic channel 130 is communicated with the front cavity 110 , the second end of the acoustic channel 130 is closed, and the length of the acoustic channel 130 is the same as that of the target wave. match in appearance
  • the first sub-acoustic wave S1 and the second sub-acoustic wave S2 in the front cavity 110 are superimposed to cancel at least part of the target acoustic wave, and the first sub-acoustic wave S2 is superimposed.
  • the sound wave S1 is the sound wave in the target sound wave that is reflected to the front cavity 110 through the acoustic channel 130
  • the second sub-sound wave S2 is the sound wave in the target sound wave that is not reflected by the acoustic channel 130
  • the The wavelength of the target acoustic wave is the target wavelength.
  • the above-mentioned acoustic channel 130 may be a bar-shaped channel opened in the housing 100 , or the acoustic channel 130 may also be a channel formed by connecting a pipeline to the housing 100 and formed by a pipeline.
  • the cross section of the acoustic channel 130 may be circular or rectangular. Referring to FIG. 1 , in an embodiment of the present application, the cross section of the acoustic channel 130 is rectangular, and the cross-sectional size of the acoustic channel 130 is larger than 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the above-mentioned front cavity 110 is a cavity for communicating the acoustic device 200 with the outside world
  • the above-mentioned rear cavity 120 is a cavity for communicating the acoustic device 200 with the interior of the electronic device.
  • the above-mentioned target sound wave can be the noise sound wave that needs to be eliminated in the electronic equipment.
  • the phase difference between the above-mentioned first sub-acoustic wave S1 and the above-mentioned second sub-acoustic wave S2 may be L/2, 3L/2, 5L/2, 7L/2, ..., [(2m-1) ⁇ L]/2, Among them, m is a positive integer, so, please refer to FIG. 3 , in the same waveform diagram, the peak of the first sub-acoustic wave S1 is opposite to the trough of the second sub-acoustic wave S2, when the first sub-acoustic wave at a certain point in the front cavity 110 When S1 and the second sub-acoustic wave S2 meet, they can cancel each other, so that the target acoustic wave can be weakened.
  • the main function of the acoustic device 200 is to output non-noise sound waves, since the frequency range of non-noise sound waves is usually less than 5000Hz, that is, non-noise sound waves
  • the wavelength of the sound wave is different from the length of the target wavelength, therefore, the length of the above-mentioned acoustic channel 130 does not match the wavelength of the non-noise sound wave, so that the phase change of the non-noise sound wave reflected back to the front cavity 110 through the acoustic channel 130 is located at L/ 2, 3L/2, 5L/2, 7L/2, .
  • the electronic devices provided by the embodiments of the present application are electronic devices with audio output functions, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, wearable devices, smart TVs, etc., which are not specifically limited in the present application.
  • the above-mentioned acoustic device 200 may be a device commonly used in electronic equipment capable of outputting audio, for example, a speaker.
  • the acoustic metamaterial is formed in the front cavity 110 to achieve the effect of eliminating the noise sound waves generated by the acoustic device 200 .
  • the target sound waves in the front cavity 110 are acoustically transmitted after entering the acoustic channel 130 .
  • the second end of the channel 130 reflects, thereby re-propagating to the front cavity 110 .
  • the electronic device can weaken sound waves of a specific wavelength, thereby helping to improve the audio output effect of the electronic device.
  • the acoustic channel 130 includes at least two sub-channels 131, the first ends of the sub-channels 131 are both communicated with the front cavity 110, and the second ends of the sub-channels 131 are closed;
  • the at least two sub-channels 131 include a first sub-channel and a second sub-channel, and the length of the first sub-channel and the length of the second sub-channel are respectively matched with different target wavelengths.
  • the lengths of the at least two sub-channels 131 may be different, and the lengths of different sub-channels 131 are matched with different target wavelengths. It can be understood that the range of the length of the different target wavelengths may be: 42.5mm-68mm, that is, the different target wavelengths are the wavelengths of noise sound waves of different frequencies in the audio output by the acoustic device 200.
  • the acoustic channel 130 includes 8 sub-channels 131, and the 8 sub-channels 131 are respectively matched with 8 different target wavelengths.
  • the implementation The electronic equipment provided by the example can cancel the noise sound waves of 8 different frequencies.
  • the acoustic channel 130 include at least two sub-channels 131, different sub-channels 131 can be used to eliminate noise sound waves of different frequencies, so that the effect of noise elimination can be further improved, thereby further improving the electronic equipment. audio output effect.
  • the front cavity 110 includes a first cavity wall 140, and the first cavity wall 140 is provided with a first groove 150 opening toward the sound exit surface of the acoustic device 200, and the at least two sub-channels The first end of 131 communicates with the first groove 150 .
  • the sound waves in the front cavity 110 can enter the sub-channels 131 through the first grooves 150 , and correspondingly, the sound waves reflected by the sub-channels 131 can be transmitted back to the sub-channels 131 through the first grooves 150 .
  • Front cavity 110 .
  • the notch of the first groove 150 is convenient for the sound waves in the front cavity 110 to enter the first groove 150, and at the same time, when After the target acoustic wave is reflected by the sub-channel 131, when it is transmitted from the first groove 150, the first sub-acoustic wave S1 and the second sub-acoustic wave S2 move in opposite directions, thereby ensuring that the first sub-acoustic wave S1 can meet the second sub-acoustic wave S2 , and further improve the effect of noise cancellation.
  • the housing 100 includes a first sealing plate 132, and the first cavity wall 140 includes a first side surface facing the front cavity 110;
  • the first side surface is provided with at least two oppositely spaced first curved grooves 133, and the first sealing plate 132 is attached to the first side surface to seal the at least two first curved grooves 133, and each first curved groove 133 is enclosed with the first sealing plate 132 to form a sub-channel 131;
  • the first sealing plate 132 is provided with a first opening 1321 that communicates with the first groove 150 and the front cavity 110 .
  • the first sealing plate 132 can be a common sealing sheet in electronic equipment, for example, the first sealing plate 132 can be a polyethylene terephthalate (Polyethylene terephthalate, PET) plate.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • first side face with at least two first curved grooves 133 relatively spaced apart may refer to: only the first end of each first curved groove 133 meets the first groove 150, and the first curved grooves 133 The other locations of .
  • first curved grooves 133 are formed on the first side surface, and the four first curved grooves 133 are related to the first groove 150 Arranged in a circular array.
  • the sub-channel 131 is formed by opening a curved groove on the first cavity wall 140 and closing the notch of the curved groove by the first sealing plate 132 , which is beneficial to simplify the operation of the housing 100 The machining process of the upper machining acoustic channel 130 .
  • the housing 100 further includes a second sealing plate 135, and the first cavity wall 140 includes a second side surface opposite to the first side surface;
  • the second side is provided with at least two oppositely spaced second curved grooves 134, and the second sealing plate 135 is attached to the second side to seal the at least two second curved grooves 134 , and each second curved groove 134 is enclosed with the second sealing plate 135 to form a sub-channel 131 .
  • the first cavity wall 140 further includes a baffle plate, and the baffle plate is located between the first arc-shaped groove and the second arc-shaped groove, so as to separate the first cavity wall 140 from two sides.
  • the first arc-shaped groove and the second arc-shaped groove of the side are relatively spaced apart.
  • the above-mentioned first groove 150 is disposed through the partition plate.
  • the first groove 150 is formed by a channel passing through the first cavity wall 140 .
  • the groove-shaped structure formed by the hole and the second sealing plate 135 together, that is, the second sealing plate 135 forms the groove bottom of the first groove 150 .
  • the first end of each first curved groove 133 is located on the side wall of the first groove 150 to communicate with the first groove 150 and the first curved groove 133 .
  • the first end of each second curved groove 134 is located on the side wall of the first groove 150 to communicate with the first groove 150 and the second curved groove 134 .
  • the sub-channels 131 formed by the at least two first curved grooves 133 and the at least two second curved grooves 134 are respectively matched with different target wavelengths.
  • the number of the formed sub-channels 131 can be further increased, thereby eliminating more frequency noise. sound waves to further enhance the audio output of electronic devices.
  • the notch of the first groove 150 is provided with a dust filter 1322 .
  • the dustproof net 1322 may be disposed at the notch of the first groove 150, and of course, the dustproof net 1322 may also be disposed at the first opening 1321, for example, please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 9 , in an embodiment of the present application, the first opening 1321 of the first sealing plate 132 is connected with the dust net 1322 to close the first opening 1321 .
  • the dustproof net 1322 at the notch of the first groove 150 , the problem that the acoustic channel 130 is blocked due to dust entering the first groove 150 or the acoustic channel 130 is avoided.
  • the casing 100 includes a casing body and a first pipe, the first pipe is embedded in the casing body, and an inner channel of the first pipe forms the acoustic channel 130 .
  • the acoustic channel 130 is formed by connecting an independent pipe with the shell body. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned first sealing plate 132 and second sealing plate 135 do not need to be provided. In addition, the specific structure of the acoustic channel 130 can be the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment, and can achieve the same beneficial effect, and in order to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
  • the length of the acoustic channel 130 is a quarter of the target wavelength.
  • the length occupied by the acoustic channel 130 is relatively longer.
  • the length of the acoustic channel 130 needs to be occupied, it will cause the problem that the acoustic channel 130 cannot be formed in the casing 100 .
  • the housing 100 is sufficient to form the acoustic channel 130 relative to the size of the housing 100 . Therefore, in this embodiment, the length of the acoustic channel 130 is a quarter of the target wavelength, so that it can be ensured that the housing 100 can form the above-mentioned acoustic channel 130 .
  • the length of the target sub-channel is a quarter of the target wavelength matched by the target sub-channel. one.
  • the target sub-channel is any one of the at least two sub-channels 131, that is, each target sub-channel in the at least two sub-channels 131 is four wavelengths of the target wavelength matched by the target sub-channel. one part.
  • different sub-channels 131 of the at least two sub-channels 131 are used to eliminate noise sound waves in different frequency bands, and when the length of the channel is between 10.62mm-17mm, the frequency range that can be eliminated is 5000Hz-8000Hz. Therefore, the lengths of the at least two sub-channels 131 have different values, and the value range of each sub-channel is 10.62 mm-17 mm, so as to ensure that different sub-channels 131 in the at least two sub-channels 131 can Eliminate noise sound waves in different frequency bands, thereby effectively expanding the range of noise silencing.
  • the at least two sub-channels 131 are arranged in an annular array with the first groove 150 as the center of the array.
  • the acoustic channel 130 includes four sub-channels 131, the sub-channels 131 are serpentine channels, and the sub-channels 131 include bending parts segment and at least two straight segments arranged in parallel, any two adjacent straight segments are communicated through one of the bent segments; wherein, in the at least two straight segments, along the In the direction of the first groove 150, the length of the straight segment gradually increases.
  • the acoustic channel 130 includes four sub-channels 131, the sub-channels 131 are serpentine channels, and the sub-channels 131 include bent segments and At least two straight sections arranged in parallel, any two adjacent straight sections are connected by one of the bent sections; wherein, each straight section in the at least two straight sections The lengths of the segments are respectively equal.
  • the at least two sub-channels 131 are arranged in a circular array with the first groove 150 as the center of the array, and the sub-channels are arranged in a serpentine channel structure, so that each sub-channel can be reduced.
  • the space occupied by the channel 131 can also improve the structural tightness between different sub-channels 131 , thereby further reducing the space occupied by the acoustic channel 130 .
  • the at least two sub-channels 131 include four channel groups 133 , and the four channel groups 133 are in a circular array with the first groove 150 as the center of the array. arrange;
  • the channel group 133 includes two symmetrically arranged sub-channels 131, the sub-channels 131 are serpentine channels, and the sub-channels 131 include a bent segment and at least two parallel arranged straight segments, Any two adjacent straight sections are communicated through one of the bent sections. Among the at least two straight sections, along the direction away from the first groove 150, the The length gradually increases.
  • four channel groups 133 are provided, and the four channel groups 133 are arranged in a circular array with the first groove 150 as the center of the array, so that the required acoustic channels can be reduced. At the same time, the number of sub-channels can be further increased, thereby further expanding the noise reduction range.
  • the above-mentioned housing 100 may include a middle frame 160 and a back cover 170 , the acoustic channel 130 is formed in the middle frame 160 , and the above-mentioned electronic device further includes a display screen 300 , the middle frame 160 is connected to the display screen 300 .
  • the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course hardware can also be used, but in many cases the former is better implementation.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or in a part that contributes to the prior art, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD-ROM), including several instructions to make an electronic device (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • a storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, CD-ROM

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种电子设备，属于电子产品技术领域，所述一种电子设备包括：壳体和声学器件；所述壳体内设有容置腔，所述声学器件设置于所述容置腔内，且所述声学器件将所述容置腔分隔为前腔和后腔；所述壳体内设有声学通道，所述声学通道的第一端与所述前腔连通，所述声学通道的第二端封闭，所述声学通道的长度与目标波长相匹配；其中，在所述声学器件输出目标声波的情况下，所述前腔中的第一子声波与第二子声波相叠加，以消除至少部分所述目标声波，所述第一子声波为所述目标声波中经所述声学通道反射至所述前腔的声波，所述第二子声波为所述目标声波中未经所述声学通道反射的声波，所述目标声波的波长为所述目标波长。

Description

电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2021年04月29日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.202110474092.7的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子产品技术领域，具体涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
现有技术中，电子设备通常包括用于输出音频的声学器件，其中，声学器件在遭受到电子设备中其他电器元件的电磁干扰、外部电磁干扰以及腔体管道噪声影响的情况下，易产生杂音，从而影响声学器件所输出的音频的音质。可见，现有电子设备中的声学器件存在音频输出效果较差的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供的一种电子设备，可以缓解现有电子设备中的声学器件存在的音频输出效果较差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括：壳体和声学器件；
所述壳体内设有容置腔，所述声学器件设置于所述容置腔内，且所述声学器件将所述容置腔分隔为前腔和后腔；
所述壳体内设有声学通道，所述声学通道的第一端与所述前腔连通，所述声学通道的第二端封闭，所述声学通道的长度与目标波长相匹配；
其中，在所述声学器件输出目标声波的情况下，所述前腔中的第一子声波与第二子声波相叠加，以消除至少部分所述目标声波，所述第一子声波为所述目标声波中经所述声学通道反射至所述前腔的声波，所述第二子声波为所述目标声波中未经所述声学通道反射的声波，所述目标声波的波长为所述目标波长。
本申请实施例中，通过在前腔内形成声学超材料，以实现消除声学器件所产生的噪音声波的效果。具体而言，通过在壳体内设置与前腔连通的声学通道，且所述声学通道的第二端封闭，这样，前腔中的目标声波在进入声学通道之后被声学通道的第二端反射，从而重新传播至前腔。其中，由于经声学通道反射回到前腔中的第一子声波的相位角发生变化，这样，第一子声波可以与目标声波中未经反射的第二子声波进行叠加，以消除所述目标声波。可见，本申请提供的电子设备可以削弱特定波长的声波，从而有利于提高电子设备的音频输出效果。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的截面示意图；
图2是声学通道的结构示意图之一；
图3是前腔中的第一子声波与第二子声波的波形图；
图4是第一密封板的结构分解图；
图5是声学通道的结构示意图之二；
图6是声学通道的结构示意图之三；
图7是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构分解图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种电子设备的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参见图1-8，为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备，所述电子设备包括：壳体100和声学器件200；
所述壳体100内设有容置腔，所述声学器件200设置于所述容置腔内，且所述声学器件200将所述容置腔分隔为前腔110和后腔120；
所述壳体100内设有声学通道130，所述声学通道130的第一端与所述前腔110连通，所述声学通道130的第二端封闭，所述声学通道130的长度与目标波长相匹配；
其中，在所述声学器件200输出目标声波的情况下，所述前腔110中的第一子声波S1与第二子声波S2相叠加，以消除至少部分所述目标声波，所述第一子声波S1为所述目标声波中经所述声学通道130反射至所述前腔110的声波，所述第二子声波S2为所述目标声波中未经所述声学通道130反射的声波，所述目标声波的波长为所述目标波长。
上述声学通道130可以是开设于所述壳体100的条形通道，或者，所述声学通道130也可以是通过将管路与壳体100连接，并由管路所形成的通道。其中，所述声学通道130的截面可以呈圆形或者矩形等。请参见图1，在本申请一个实施例中，所述声学通道130的截面呈矩形，且所述声学通道130的截面尺寸大于5mm×5mm。
可以理解的是，上述前腔110为用于连通所述声学器件200与外界的腔室，上述后腔120为所述声学器件200与电子设备的内部连通的腔室。
上述目标声波可以是电子设备中需要消除的噪音声波，例如，现有的电子设备中的噪音的频率f分布范围通常为5000Hz-8000Hz，而波长计算公式为：L＝v·t＝v/f，其中，声波的速度v＝340m/s＝340000mm/s，因此，根据如上公式可知，上述目标声波的波长L的取值范围可以为：42.5mm-68mm。
上述第一子声波S1与上述第二子声波S2之间的相位差可以为L/2、3L/2、5L/2、7L/2、…、[(2m-1)·L]/2，其中，m为正整数，这样，请参见图3，在同一波形图中，第一子声波S1的波峰与第二子声波S2的波谷相对，当在前腔110中的某一点第一子声波S1与第二子声波S2相遇时，可以相互抵消，从而可以削弱所述目标声波。
上述声学通道130的长度s与目标波长L相匹配可以是指：s＝[(2m-1)·L]/4，其中，m为正整数，由于第一子声波S1经声学通道130反射之后，相位变化为：d＝2·s＝[(2m-1)·L]/2，即d的取值为L/2、3L/2、5L/2、7L/2、…、[(2m-1)·L]/2，即在此情况下，第一子声波S1与第二子声波S2之间的相位差为：L/2、3L/2、5L/2、7L/2、…、[(2m-1)·L]/2，从而可以确保前腔 110中的第一子声波S1与第二子声波S2相遇时，可以相互抵消。例如，在本申请一个实施例中，所述声学通道130的长度为所述目标波长的四分之一，
可以理解的是，上述声学器件200除了可以输出频率分布范围通常为5000Hz-8000Hz的声波之外，声学器件200主要作用在于输出非噪声声波，由于非噪声声波的频率范围通常小于5000Hz，即非噪声声波的波长与所述目标波长的长度不同，因此，上述声学通道130的长度与非噪声声波的波长不匹配，这样，经声学通道130反射回前腔110的非噪声声波的相位变化位于L/2、3L/2、5L/2、7L/2、…、[(2m-1)·L]/2之外，从而可以避免前腔110中的非噪声声波相互抵消的问题。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例所提供的电子设备为具备音频输出功能的电子设备，如手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、可穿戴设备、智能电视等，本申请对此不做具体限定。相应地，上述声学器件200可以是电子设备中常见的能够输出音频的器件，例如，可以是扬声器。
该实施方式中，通过在前腔110内形成声学超材料，以实现消除声学器件200所产生的噪音声波的效果。具体而言，通过在壳体100内设置与前腔110连通的声学通道130，且所述声学通道130的第二端封闭，这样，前腔110中的目标声波在进入声学通道130之后被声学通道130的第二端反射，从而重新传播至前腔110。其中，由于经声学通道130反射回到前腔110中的第一子声波S1的相位角发生变化，这样，第一子声波S1可以与目标声波中未经反射的第二子声波S2进行叠加，以消除所述目标声波。可见，本申请提供的电子设备可以削弱特定波长的声波，从而有利于提高电子设备的音频输出效果。
可选地，所述声学通道130包括至少两条子通道131，所述子通道131的第一端均与所述前腔110连通，且所述子通道131的第二端均封闭；
所述至少两条子通道131包括第一子通道和第二子通道，所述第一子通道的长度和所述第二子通道的长度分别与不同的目标波长相匹配。
其中，上述至少两条子通道131的长度可以不同，且不同的子通道131的长度与不同的目标波长相匹配。可以理解的是，所述不同的目标波长的长度取值范围可以是：42.5mm-68mm，即所述不同的目标波长为所述声学器件 200所输出的音频中不同频率的噪声声波的波长。
例如，请参见图5，在本申请一个实施例中，当上述m的取值为1，即所述第一子通道的长度为s＝L/4时，所述声学通道130包括4条子通道131，所述4条子通道131的长度分别为10.62mm、12.14mm、14.17mm、17.0mm，相应地，与该4条子通道131相匹配的声波的目标波长分别为：42.48mm、48.56mm、56.68mm、68mm，而根据公式f＝v/L，其中，声波的速度v＝340m/s，因此，与该4条子通道131相匹配的声波的频率f分别为8000Hz、7000Hz、6000Hz、5000Hz。因此，该实施例中所提供的电子设备可以分别消除声波频率为8000Hz、7000Hz、6000Hz、5000Hz的噪声声波。
再例如，请参见图6，在本申请另一实施例中，所述声学通道130包括8条子通道131，这样，且8条子通道131分别与8个不同的目标波长相匹配，这样，该实施例所提供的电子设备可以消除8个不同频率的噪声声波。
该实施方式中，通过使所述声学通道130包括至少两条子通道131，这样，不同的子通道131可以用于消除不同频率的噪声声波，从而可以进一步提高噪声消除的效果，进而进一步提高电子设备的音频输出效果。
可选地，所述前腔110包括第一腔壁140，所述第一腔壁140上开设有开口朝向所述声学器件200的出音面的第一凹槽150，所述至少两条子通道131的第一端与所述第一凹槽150连通。
具体地，所述前腔110中的声波可以通过所述第一凹槽150进入所述各子通道131，相应地，经各子通道131反射之后的声波可以通过第一凹槽150回传至前腔110。该实施方式中，通过将所述第一凹槽150的槽口与所述声学器件200的出音面相对，这样，既可以方便前腔110中的声波进入第一凹槽150，同时，当目标声波经子通道131反射之后，从第一凹槽150传出时，第一子声波S1与第二子声波S2运动方向相反，从而可以确保第一子声波S1能够与第二子声波S2相遇，进而进一步提高噪声消除的效果。
可选地，所述壳体100包括第一密封板132，所述第一腔壁140包括朝向所述前腔110的第一侧面；
所述第一侧面开设有至少两个相对隔开的第一曲形槽133，所述第一密封板132与所述第一侧面贴合连接，以密封所述至少两个第一曲形槽133的 槽口，且每个第一曲形槽133均与所述第一密封板132围合形成一条子通道131；
所述第一密封板132上开设有连通所述第一凹槽150与所述前腔110的第一开口1321。
其中，上述第一密封板132可以采用电子设备中常见的密封片材，例如，所述第一密封板132可以是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene terephthalate，PET)板。
上述第一侧面开设有至少两个相对隔开的第一曲形槽133可以是指：各第一曲形槽133仅第一端交汇于第一凹槽150，第一曲形槽133之间的其他位置不相交。例如，请参见图2，在本申请一个实施例中，所述第一侧面开设有4个第一曲形槽133，且所述4个第一曲形槽133关于所述第一凹槽150呈圆形阵列布置。
该实施方式中，通过在第一腔壁140上开设曲形槽，并通过第一密封板132封闭曲形槽的槽口，以形成所述子通道131，这样，有利于简化在壳体100上加工声学通道130的加工过程。
可选地，所述壳体100还包括第二密封板135，所述第一腔壁140包括与所述第一侧面相背对的第二侧面；
所述第二侧面开设有至少两个相对隔开的第二曲形槽134，所述第二密封板135与所述第二侧面贴合连接，以密封所述至少两个第二曲形槽134的槽口，且每个第二曲形槽134均与所述第二密封板135围合形成一条子通道131。
可以理解的是，所述第一腔壁140还包括隔挡板，所述隔挡板位于所述第一弧形槽与第二弧形槽之间，以将所述第一腔壁140两侧的第一弧形槽和第二弧形槽相对隔开。
其中，上述第一凹槽150贯穿所述隔挡板设置，例如，请参见图9，在本申请一个实施例中，所述第一凹槽150为由贯通所述第一腔壁140的通孔和第二密封板135共同形成的槽形结构，即所述第二密封板135形成所述第一凹槽150的槽底。此外，各第一曲形槽133的第一端位于所述第一凹槽150的侧壁，以连通所述第一凹槽150和第一曲形槽133。相应地，各第二曲形 槽134的第一端位于所述第一凹槽150的侧壁，以连通所述第一凹槽150和第二曲形槽134。
可以理解的是，上述至少两个第一曲形槽133和至少两个第二曲形槽134所形成的各个子通道131分别与不同的目标波长相匹配。
该实施方式中，通过在第一隔板的两侧分别开设曲形槽并分别形成不同的子通道131，这样，可以进一步增加所形成的子通道131的数量，进而可以消除更多频率的噪声声波，以进一步提高电子设备的音频输出效果。
可选地，所述第一凹槽150的槽口设有防尘网1322。
具体地，所述防尘网1322可以设置于所述第一凹槽150的槽口，当然，所述防尘网1322还可以设置于所述第一开口1321处，例如，请参见图4和图9，在本申请一个实施例中，所述第一密封板132的第一开口1321处连接有所述防尘网1322，以封闭所述第一开口1321。
该实施方式中，通过在所述第一凹槽150的槽口处设置防尘网1322，从而避免了因灰尘进入第一凹槽150或声学通道130，而导致声学通道130堵塞的问题。
可选地，所述壳体100包括壳本体和第一管道，所述第一管道嵌设于所述壳本体内，且所述第一管道的内部通道形成所述声学通道130。
本实施例与上述实施例的区别在于：所述声学通道130是由独立的管道与壳本体进行连接而形成。可以理解的是，本实施例无需再设置上述第一密封板132和第二密封板135。此外，声学通道130的具体结构可以与上述实施例相同，且能实现相同的有益效果，为避免重复，在此不再予以赘述。
可选地，在本申请一个实施例中，所述声学通道130的长度为所述目标波长的四分之一。
具体地，由于电子设备的壳体100尺寸通常较小，而声波的波长通常较长，而所述声学通道130的长度与目标波长相匹配，因此，所述声学通道130所需占用的长度相对较长。当所述声学通道130所需占用的长度过程时，将导致无法在壳体100内形成所述声学通道130的问题。
由上述实施例可知，上述声学通道130的长度的取值范围为：s＝[(2m-1)·L]/4,其中，m为正整数，L为目标波长的长度，目标声波的波 长L的取值范围可以为：42.5mm-68mm。可见，当m＝1时，所述s的取值最小，其最小值为L/4，即s的取值范围为10.62mm-17mm。在此情况下，相对于壳体100的尺寸而言，壳体100足以形成所述声学通道130。因此，在本实施例中，所述声学通道130的长度为所述目标波长的四分之一，这样，可以确保所述壳体100能够形成上述声学通道130。
可选地，在本申请另一实施例中，所述至少两条子通道131中的每一条目标子通道，所述目标子通道的长度为所述目标子通道所匹配的目标波长的四分之一。
其中，所述目标子通道为所述至少两条子通道131中的任意一条子通道，即所述至少两条子通道131中的每条目标子通道为所述目标子通道所匹配的目标波长的四分之一。
由上述实施例可知，所述至少两条子通道131中的不同子通道131用于消除不同频段的噪声声波，而当通道的长度为10.62mm-17mm之间时，可以消除频率范围为5000Hz-8000Hz的噪声声波，因此，上述至少两条子通道131的长度的取值不同，且各子通道的取值范围均为10.62mm-17mm，以确保所述至少两条子通道131中的不同子通道131可以消除不同频段的噪声声波，从而可以有效扩大噪声消声范围。
可选地，所述至少两条子通道131以所述第一凹槽150为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布。
具体地，请参见图2，在本申请一个具体实施例中，所述声学通道130包括4条子通道131，所述子通道131为呈蛇形的通道，且所述子通道131包括弯折分段和至少两个平行设置的平直分段，任意两个相邻的平直分段之间通过一个所述弯折分段连通；其中，所述至少两个平直分段中，沿远离所述第一凹槽150的方向，平直分段的长度逐渐增大。
请参见图5，在本申请另一个具体实施例中，所述声学通道130包括4条子通道131，所述子通道131为呈蛇形的通道，且所述子通道131包括弯折分段和至少两个平行设置的平直分段，任意两个相邻的平直分段之间通过一个所述弯折分段连通；其中，所述至少两个平直分段中的各平直分段的长度分别相等。
该实施方式中，通过使所述至少两条子通道131以所述第一凹槽150为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布，并将子通道设置为蛇形通道结构，这样，可以减少每一子通道131所需占用的空间，同时，可以提高不同子通道131之间结构的紧密性，进而进一步减小声学通道130所需占用的空间。
请参见图6，在本申请另一实施例中，所述至少两个子通道131包括4个通道组133，所述4个通道组133以所述第一凹槽150为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布；
所述通道组133包括两个对称设置的子通道131，所述子通道131为呈蛇形的通道，且所述子通道131包括弯折分段和至少两个平行设置的平直分段，任意两个相邻的平直分段之间通过一个所述弯折分段连通，所述至少两个平直分段中，沿远离所述第一凹槽150的方向，平直分段的长度逐渐增大。
该实施方式中，通过设置4个通道组133，并将4个通道组133以所述第一凹槽150为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布，这样，既可以减小所述声学通道所需占用的空间，同时，还可以进一步增加子通道的数量，进而进一步扩大噪声消声范围。
请参见图8和图9，在本申请实施例中，上述壳体100可以包括中框160和后盖170，所述声学通道130形成于所述中框160，上述电子设备还包括显示屏300，所述中框160与所述显示屏300连接。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到上述实施例方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光 盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台电子设备(可以是手机，计算机，服务器，空调器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述的方法。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电子设备，包括：壳体和声学器件；
    所述壳体内设有容置腔，所述声学器件设置于所述容置腔内，且所述声学器件将所述容置腔分隔为前腔和后腔；
    所述壳体内设有声学通道，所述声学通道的第一端与所述前腔连通，所述声学通道的第二端封闭，所述声学通道的长度与目标波长相匹配；
    其中，在所述声学器件输出目标声波的情况下，所述前腔中的第一子声波与第二子声波相叠加，以消除至少部分所述目标声波，所述第一子声波为所述目标声波中经所述声学通道反射至所述前腔的声波，所述第二子声波为所述目标声波中未经所述声学通道反射的声波，所述目标声波的波长为所述目标波长。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述声学通道包括至少两条子通道，所述子通道的第一端均与所述前腔连通，且所述子通道的第二端均封闭；
    所述至少两条子通道包括第一子通道和第二子通道，所述第一子通道的长度和所述第二子通道的长度分别与不同的目标波长相匹配。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中，所述前腔包括第一腔壁，所述第一腔壁上开设有开口朝向所述声学器件的出音面的第一凹槽，所述至少两条子通道的第一端与所述第一凹槽连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，所述壳体包括第一密封板，所述第一腔壁包括朝向所述前腔的第一侧面；
    所述第一侧面开设有至少两个相对隔开的第一曲形槽，所述第一密封板与所述第一侧面贴合连接，以密封所述至少两个第一曲形槽的槽口，且每个第一曲形槽均与所述第一密封板围合形成一条子通道；
    所述第一密封板上开设有连通所述第一凹槽与所述前腔的第一开口。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，其中，所述壳体还包括第二密封板，所述第一腔壁包括与所述第一侧面相背对的第二侧面；
    所述第二侧面开设有至少两个相对隔开的第二曲形槽，所述第二密封板 与所述第二侧面贴合连接，以密封所述至少两个第二曲形槽的槽口，且每个第二曲形槽均与所述第二密封板围合形成一条子通道。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，其中，所述第一腔壁还包括隔挡板，所述隔挡板位于第一弧形槽与第二弧形槽之间，以将所述第一腔壁两侧的所述第一弧形槽和第二弧形槽相对隔开。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备，其中，所述第一凹槽贯穿所述隔挡板设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，所述第一凹槽为由贯通所述第一腔壁的通孔和所述第二密封板共同形成的槽形结构。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，各第一曲形槽的第一端位于所述第一凹槽的侧壁，以连通所述第一凹槽和所述第一曲形槽；
    各第二曲形槽的第一端位于所述第一凹槽的侧壁，以连通所述第一凹槽和所述第二曲形槽。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的电子设备，其中，所述至少两个第一曲形槽和至少两个第二曲形槽所形成的各个子通道分别与不同的目标波长相匹配。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，所述第一凹槽的槽口设有防尘网。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，所述至少两条子通道以所述第一凹槽为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布，且所述子通道为呈蛇形的通道。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其中，所述声学通道包括4条子通道，所述子通道包括弯折分段和至少两个平行设置的平直分段，任意两个相邻的平直分段之间通过一个所述弯折分段连通；
    其中，所述至少两个平直分段中，沿远离所述第一凹槽的方向，平直分段的长度逐渐增大；或者，所述至少两个平直分段中的各平直分段的长度分别相等。
  14. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，所述至少两个子通道包括4个通道组，所述4个通道组以所述第一凹槽为阵列中心，呈环形阵列排布；
    所述通道组包括两个对称设置的子通道，所述子通道为呈蛇形的通道，且所述子通道包括弯折分段和至少两个平行设置的平直分段，任意两个相邻 的平直分段之间通过一个所述弯折分段连通，所述至少两个平直分段中，沿远离所述第一凹槽的方向，平直分段的长度逐渐增大。
  15. 根据权利要求2～14中任一项所述的电子设备，其中，所述至少两条子通道中的每一条目标子通道，所述目标子通道的长度为所述目标子通道所匹配的目标波长的四分之一。
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