WO2022225306A1 - Eos 샘플 그룹에 기반한 미디어 파일 생성/수신 방법, 장치 및 미디어 파일 전송 방법 - Google Patents
Eos 샘플 그룹에 기반한 미디어 파일 생성/수신 방법, 장치 및 미디어 파일 전송 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group, and more particularly, to a method, apparatus, and media of the present disclosure based on an EOS sample group including a plurality of EOS NAL units. It relates to a method of creating a file/transmitting a media file created by a device.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group including a plurality of EOS NAL units.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group including information about the number of EOS NAL units.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group supporting an elementary stream having multiple layers.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for generating a media file or a method for transmitting a media file generated by an apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a media file generated by the method or apparatus for generating a media file according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium in which a media file received by a media file receiving apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration is stored.
- a method of receiving a media file includes obtaining one or more tracks and a sample group from a media file, and recovering an access unit based on the samples in the track and the sample group,
- the sample group includes a first sample group including end of sequence (EOS) information of video data to which the access unit belongs, and the first sample group includes one or more EOS NAL units and the number of EOS NAL units. It may include a first syntax element about
- An apparatus for receiving a media file includes a memory and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor obtains one or more tracks and a sample group from a media file, the samples in the track and the Restoring an access unit based on a sample group, wherein the sample group includes a first sample group including end of sequence (EOS) information of video data to which the access unit belongs, wherein the first sample group includes one or more EOS It may include a first syntax element regarding the number of NAL units and the EOS NAL units.
- EOS end of sequence
- a method of generating a media file includes: encoding video data including an access unit; generating a first sample group including end of sequence (EOS) information of the encoded video data; , and generating a media file based on the encoded video data and the first sample group, wherein the first sample group includes one or more EOS NAL units and a first syntax regarding the number of EOS NAL units. It can contain elements.
- EOS end of sequence
- a media file generating apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor encodes video data including an access unit, and end of sequence) information, and generating a media file based on the encoded video data and the first sample group, wherein the first sample group includes one or more EOS NAL units and the It may include a first syntax element regarding the number of EOS NAL units.
- a media file transmission method may transmit a media file generated by the media file generating method or apparatus of the present disclosure.
- a computer-readable recording medium may store a media file generated by the method or apparatus for generating a media file of the present disclosure.
- a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group may be provided.
- a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group including a plurality of EOS NAL units may be provided.
- a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group including information about the number of EOS NAL units may be provided.
- a method and apparatus for generating/receiving a media file based on an EOS sample group supporting an elementary stream having a multi-layer may be provided.
- a method for generating a media file or a method for transmitting a media file generated by an apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a media file generated by the method or apparatus for generating a media file according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a media file received by the media file receiving apparatus according to the present disclosure and used for image restoration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a media file transmission/reception system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transmitting a media file.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of receiving a media file.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a media file structure.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of the structure of the trak box of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image signal structure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a track carrying multi-layers.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving a media file according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a media file according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- a component when it is said that a component is “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” with another component, it is not only a direct connection relationship, but also an indirect connection relationship in which another component exists in the middle. may also include. Also, when it is said that a component includes “includes” or “has” another component, it means that another component may be further included without excluding other components unless otherwise stated. .
- first, second, etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from other components, and unless otherwise specified, the order or importance of the components is not limited. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment is referred to as a first component in another embodiment. may also be called
- components that are distinguished from each other are for clearly explaining each characteristic, and do not necessarily mean that the components are separated. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated to form one hardware or software unit, or one component may be distributed to form a plurality of hardware or software units. Accordingly, even if not specifically mentioned, such integrated or dispersed embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- components described in various embodiments do not necessarily mean essential components, and some may be optional components. Accordingly, an embodiment composed of a subset of components described in one embodiment is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, embodiments including other components in addition to components described in various embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of an image, and terms used in the present disclosure may have conventional meanings commonly used in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs unless they are newly defined in the present disclosure.
- a “picture” generally means a unit representing one image in a specific time period
- a slice/tile is a coding unit constituting a part of a picture
- one picture is one It may be composed of more than one slice/tile.
- a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs).
- pixel or “pel” may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image).
- sample may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a “unit” may indicate a basic unit of image processing.
- the unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as “sample array”, “block” or “area” in some cases.
- an MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) or a set (or arrays) of transform coefficients including M columns and N rows.
- current block may mean one of “current coding block”, “current coding unit”, “coding object block”, “decoding object block”, or “processing object block”.
- current block may mean “current prediction block” or “prediction object block”.
- transform inverse transform
- quantization inverse quantization
- current block may mean “current transform block” or “transform target block”.
- filtering the “current block” may mean a “filtering target block”.
- a "current block” may mean a block including both a luma component block and a chroma component block or "a luma block of the current block” unless there is an explicit description of the chroma block.
- the luma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of the luma component block, such as “luma block” or “current luma block”.
- the chroma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of the chroma component block, such as "chroma block” or "current chroma block”.
- “/” and “,” may be interpreted as “and/or”.
- “A/B” and “A, B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”.
- “A/B/C” and “A, B, C” may mean “at least one of A, B and/or C”.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a media file transmission/reception system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a media file transmission/reception system 1 may include a transmission device A and a reception device B.
- the media file transmission/reception system 1 may support seamless media content reproduction by supporting MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)-based adaptive streaming.
- MPEG-DASH Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
- the transmission apparatus A may include a video source 10 , an encoder 20 , an encapsulation unit 30 , a transmission processing unit 40 , and a transmission unit 45 .
- the video source 10 may generate or obtain media data such as video or images.
- the video source 10 may include a video/image capture device and/or a video/image generating device, or may be connected to an external device to receive media data.
- the encoder 20 may encode media data input from the video source 10 .
- the encoder 20 may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization according to a video codec standard, for example, a versatile video coding (VVC) standard for compression and encoding efficiency.
- VVC versatile video coding
- the encoder 20 may output the encoded media data in the form of a bitstream.
- the encapsulation unit 30 may encapsulate the encoded media data and/or media data related metadata.
- the encapsulation unit 30 may encapsulate the data in a file format such as ISO BMFF (ISO Base Media File Format) or CMAF (Common Media Application Format), or process the data in the form of segments. have.
- Media data encapsulated in a file form (hereinafter, referred to as a 'media file') may be stored in a storage unit (not shown) according to an embodiment.
- the media file stored in the storage unit may be read by the transmission processing unit 40 and transmitted to the reception device B according to an on demand, non-real time (NRT) or broadband scheme.
- NRT non-real time
- the transmission processing unit 40 may generate an image signal by processing the media file according to an arbitrary transmission method.
- the media file transmission method may include a broadcast method and a broadband method.
- the media file may be transmitted using an MPEG Media Transport (MMT) protocol or a Real time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) protocol.
- MMT MPEG Media Transport
- ROUTE Real time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport
- the MMT protocol may be a transport protocol supporting media streaming regardless of a file format or codec in an IP-based network environment.
- the media file may be processed in units of Media Processing Units (MPUs) based on MMT and then transmitted according to the MMT protocol.
- MPUs Media Processing Units
- the ROUTE protocol is an extension of File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE), and may be a transport protocol supporting real-time transmission of media files.
- FLUTE File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport
- the media file may be processed into one or more segments based on MPEG-DASH and then transmitted according to the ROUTE protocol.
- the media file may be transmitted over a network using HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol).
- Information transmitted through HTTP may include signaling metadata, segment information, and/or Non-Real Time (NRT) service information.
- HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
- NRT Non-Real Time
- the transmission processing unit 40 may include an MPD generating unit 41 and a segment generating unit 42 in order to support adaptive media streaming.
- the MPD generator 41 may generate a Media Presentation Description (MPD) based on the media file.
- the MPD is a file including detailed information on media presentation, and may be expressed in XML format.
- the MPD may provide signaling metadata, such as an identifier for each segment.
- the receiving device B may dynamically acquire segments based on the MPD.
- the segment generator 42 may generate one or more segments based on the media file.
- the segment may include actual media data and may have a file format such as ISO BMFF.
- the segment may be included in the representation of the video signal, and as described above, may be identified based on the MPD.
- the transmission processing unit 40 may generate an image signal according to the MPEG-DASH standard based on the generated MPD and segment.
- the transmitter 45 may transmit the generated image signal to the receiver B.
- the transmitter 45 may transmit an image signal to the receiver B through an IP network according to the MMT standard or the MPEG-DASH standard.
- the image signal transmitted to the receiving device B may include a PI document (Presentation Information document) including media data reproduction information.
- the video signal transmitted to the receiving device B may include the aforementioned MPD as reproduction information of media data.
- the MPD and the segment may be individually transmitted to the receiving device B.
- the first video signal including the MPD may be generated by the transmitting device A or an external server and transmitted to the receiving device B
- the second video signal including the segment may be generated by the transmitting device A may be generated and transmitted to the receiving device (B).
- the transmission processing unit 40 and the transmission unit 45 are illustrated as separate elements in FIG. 1 , they may be integrally implemented as a single element according to an embodiment.
- the transmission processing unit 40 may be implemented as an external device (e.g., DASH server) separate from the transmission device A.
- the transmitting device A may operate as a source device that generates a media file by encoding the media data
- the external device operates as a server device that generates an image signal by processing the media data according to an arbitrary transmission protocol. can do.
- the reception device B may include a reception unit 55 , a reception processing unit 60 , a decapsulation unit 70 , a decoding unit 80 , and a rendering unit 90 .
- the receiving device B may be an MPEG-DASH-based client.
- the receiver 55 may receive an image signal from the transmitter A.
- a video signal according to the MMT standard may include a PI document and a media file.
- the video signal according to the MPEG-DASH standard may include MPD and segments. According to an embodiment, the MPD and the segment may be separately transmitted through different image signals.
- the reception processing unit 60 may extract/parse the media file by processing the received image signal according to a transmission protocol.
- the reception processing unit 60 may include an MPD parsing unit 61 and a segment parsing unit 62 in order to support adaptive media streaming.
- the MPD parsing unit 61 may obtain an MPD from the received image signal, and parse the obtained MPD to generate a command required for segment acquisition. Also, the MPD parsing unit 61 may acquire media data reproduction information, for example, color conversion information, based on the parsed MPD.
- the segment parsing unit 62 may obtain a segment based on the parsed MPD and extract the media file by parsing the obtained segment.
- the media file may have a file format such as ISO BMFF or CMAF.
- the decapsulation unit 70 may decapsulate the extracted media file to obtain media data and related metadata.
- the obtained metadata may have the form of a box or track in a file format.
- the decapsulation unit 70 may receive metadata required for decapsulation from the MPD parsing unit 61 .
- the decoder 80 may decode the obtained media data according to a video codec standard, for example, a VVC standard. To this end, the decoder 80 may perform a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoder 20 .
- the rendering unit 90 may render a decoded image or media data such as an image.
- the rendered media data may be reproduced through a display unit (not shown).
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of transmitting a media file.
- each step of FIG. 2 may be performed by the transmitting apparatus A of FIG. 1 .
- step S210 may be performed by the encoder 20 of FIG. 1 .
- steps S220 and S230 may be performed by the transmission processing unit 40 .
- step S240 may be performed by the transmitter 45 .
- the transmitting apparatus may encode media data such as a video or an image ( S210 ).
- the media data may be captured/generated by the transmitting device, or obtained from an external device (e.g., camera, video archive, etc.).
- Media data may be encoded in the form of a bitstream according to a video codec standard, for example, a VVC standard.
- the transmitting device may generate an MPD and one or more segments based on the encoded media data (S220).
- the MPD may include detailed information about the media presentation as described above.
- a segment may contain actual media data.
- the media data may be encapsulated in a file format such as ISO BMFF or CMAF and included in a segment.
- the transmitting apparatus may generate an image signal including the generated MPD and segment (S230).
- the image signal may be individually generated for each MPD and segment.
- the transmitting device may generate a first image signal including the MPD and generate a second image signal including a segment.
- the transmitting device may transmit the generated image signal to the receiving device (S240).
- the transmitting apparatus may transmit an image signal in a broadcast manner.
- the MMT protocol or the ROUTE protocol may be used.
- the transmitting apparatus may transmit the image signal in a broadband method.
- the MPD and the video signal including the MPD are generated and transmitted by the transmitting device (steps S220 to S240). It may be generated and transmitted by an external server other than the
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of receiving a media file.
- each step of FIG. 3 may be performed by the receiving device B of FIG. 1 .
- step S310 may be performed by the receiver 55 .
- step S320 may be performed by the reception processing unit 60 .
- step S330 may be performed by the decoder 80 .
- the receiving device may receive an image signal from the transmitting device ( S310 ).
- a video signal according to the MPEG-DASH standard may include an MPD and a segment.
- the MPD and the segment may be individually received through different image signals.
- the first image signal including the MPD may be received from the transmitting apparatus of FIG. 1 or an external server
- the second image signal including the segment may be received from the transmitting apparatus of FIG. 1 .
- the receiving device may extract the MPD and the segment from the received video signal and parse the extracted MPD and the segment (S320). Specifically, the receiving device may parse the MPD to generate a command required for segment acquisition. In addition, the receiving device may obtain a segment based on the parsed MPD, and may obtain media data by parsing the obtained segment. According to an embodiment, in order to obtain media data from a segment, the receiving device may perform decapsulation on media data in the form of a file.
- the receiving device may decode media data such as an acquired video or image (S330).
- media data such as an acquired video or image (S330).
- the receiving device may perform a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction.
- the reception device may render the decoded media data and reproduce the media data through a display.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image encoding apparatus 400 of FIG. 4 may correspond to the encoder 20 of the transmitting apparatus A described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
- the image encoding apparatus 400 includes an image dividing unit 410 , a subtracting unit 415 , a transforming unit 420 , a quantizing unit 430 , an inverse quantizing unit 440 , and an inverse transforming unit 450 . , an adder 455 , a filtering unit 460 , a memory 470 , an inter prediction unit 480 , an intra prediction unit 485 , and an entropy encoding unit 490 .
- the inter prediction unit 480 and the intra prediction unit 485 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the transform unit 420 , the quantization unit 430 , the inverse quantization unit 440 , and the inverse transform unit 450 may be included in a residual processing unit.
- the residual processing unit may further include a subtraction unit 415 .
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image encoding apparatus 400 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, an encoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 470 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- the image dividing unit 410 may divide an input image (or a picture, a frame) input to the image encoding apparatus 400 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU).
- Coding unit is a coding tree unit (CTU) or largest coding unit (LCU) according to the QT / BT / TT (Quad-tree / binary-tree / ternary-tree) structure recursively ( can be obtained by recursively segmenting.
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a lower depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure may be applied later.
- a coding procedure according to the present disclosure may be performed based on the last coding unit that is no longer divided.
- the largest coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit, and a coding unit of a lower depth obtained by dividing the largest coding unit may be used as the final cornet unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and/or restoration, which will be described later.
- the processing unit of the coding procedure may be a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit, respectively.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit deriving a transform coefficient and/or a unit deriving a residual signal from the transform coefficient.
- the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 480 or the intra prediction unit 485) performs prediction on a processing target block (current block), and generates a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block or CU unit.
- the prediction unit may generate various information regarding prediction of the current block and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 490 .
- the prediction information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 490 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit 485 may predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the vicinity of the current block according to an intra prediction mode and/or an intra prediction technique, or may be located apart from each other.
- the intra prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode).
- the directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes according to the granularity of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and a higher or lower number of directional prediction modes may be used according to a setting.
- the intra prediction unit 485 may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 480 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- the motion information may be predicted as a block, sub-block, or sample unit based on the correlation between the motion information between the neighboring block and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), or the like.
- the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit 480 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. can create Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit 480 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of the current block.
- a residual signal may not be transmitted.
- MVP motion vector prediction
- a motion vector of a neighboring block is used as a motion vector predictor, and a motion vector difference and an indicator for the motion vector predictor ( indicator) to signal the motion vector of the current block.
- the motion vector difference may mean a difference between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor.
- the prediction unit may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods and/or prediction techniques to be described later. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of the current block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. A prediction method that simultaneously applies intra prediction and inter prediction for prediction of the current block may be referred to as combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit may perform intra block copy (IBC) for prediction of the current block. The intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located a predetermined distance away from the current block.
- CIIP combined inter and intra prediction
- IBC intra block copy
- the intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located
- the position of the reference block in the current picture may be encoded as a vector (block vector) corresponding to the predetermined distance.
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure.
- the prediction signal generated by the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the subtraction unit 415 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit from the input image signal (original block, original sample array) to obtain a residual signal (residual signal, residual block, and residual sample array). ) can be created.
- the generated residual signal may be transmitted to the converter 420 .
- the transform unit 420 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transformation method may include at least one of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT means a transformation obtained from this graph when expressing relationship information between pixels in a graph.
- CNT refers to a transformation obtained by generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels and based thereon.
- the transformation process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size as a square, or may be applied to a block of variable size that is not a square.
- the quantization unit 430 may quantize the transform coefficients and transmit them to the entropy encoding unit 490 .
- the entropy encoding unit 490 may encode a quantized signal (information about quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream. Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as residual information.
- the quantization unit 430 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form are quantized based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form. Information about the transform coefficients may be generated.
- the entropy encoding unit 490 may perform various encoding methods such as, for example, exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode information necessary for video/image reconstruction (eg, values of syntax elements, etc.) other than the quantized transform coefficients together or separately.
- Encoded information e.g., encoded video/image information
- NAL network abstraction layer
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). Also, the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- APS adaptation parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- VPS video parameter set
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the signaling information, transmitted information, and/or syntax elements mentioned in the present disclosure may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted over a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmission unit (not shown) for transmitting the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 190 and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing the signal may be provided as internal/external elements of the image encoding apparatus 100 , or transmission The unit may be provided as a component of the entropy encoding unit 490 .
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 430 may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the residual signal residual block or residual samples
- the residual signal may be reconstructed by applying inverse quantization and inverse transform to the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantizer 440 and the inverse transform unit 450 .
- the adder 455 adds a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 480 or the intra prediction unit 485 .
- a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 480 or the intra prediction unit 485 .
- the addition unit 455 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 460 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal. For example, the filtering unit 460 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 470 , specifically, the DPB of the memory 470 . can be stored in The various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like. The filtering unit 460 may generate various types of filtering-related information and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 490 as will be described later in the description of each filtering method. The filtering information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 490 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 470 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 480 .
- the image encoding apparatus 400 can avoid a prediction mismatch between the image encoding apparatus 400 and the image decoding apparatus, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB in the memory 470 may store a reconstructed picture corrected for use as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 480 .
- the memory 470 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 480 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 470 may store reconstructed samples of blocks reconstructed in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 485 .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image decoding apparatus 500 of FIG. 5 may correspond to the decoding unit 80 of the receiving apparatus A described above with reference to FIG. 1 .
- the image decoding apparatus 500 includes an entropy decoding unit 510 , an inverse quantization unit 520 , an inverse transform unit 530 , an adder 535 , a filtering unit 540 , a memory 550 , It may be configured to include an inter prediction unit 560 and an intra prediction unit 565 .
- the inter prediction unit 560 and the intra prediction unit 565 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the inverse quantization unit 520 and the inverse transform unit 530 may be included in the residual processing unit.
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image decoding apparatus 500 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, a decoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 550 may include a DPB, and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- the image decoding apparatus 500 receiving the bitstream including the video/image information may reconstruct the image by performing a process corresponding to the process performed by the image encoding apparatus 400 of FIG. 4 .
- the image decoding apparatus 500 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the image encoding apparatus.
- the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit.
- a coding unit may be a coding tree unit or may be obtained by dividing the largest coding unit.
- the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the image decoding apparatus 500 may be reproduced through a reproducing apparatus (not shown).
- the image decoding apparatus 500 may receive the signal generated by the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 4 in the form of a bitstream.
- the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 510 .
- the entropy decoding unit 510 may derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration) by parsing the bitstream.
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the image decoding apparatus may additionally use the information about the parameter set and/or the general restriction information to decode the image.
- the signaling information, received information and/or syntax elements mentioned in this disclosure may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure.
- the entropy decoding unit 510 decodes information in the bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb encoding, CAVLC or CABAC, and quantizes the value of a syntax element required for image reconstruction and a transform coefficient related to the residual. values can be printed.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and receives syntax element information to be decoded and decoding information of neighboring blocks and to-be-decoded blocks or information of symbols/bins decoded in the previous step.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model by using the decoded symbol/bin information for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- Prediction-related information among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 510 is provided to the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 560 and the intra prediction unit 565), and the entropy decoding unit 510 performs entropy decoding.
- the dual value, that is, the quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the inverse quantization unit 520 .
- information on filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 510 may be provided to the filtering unit 540 .
- a receiving unit for receiving a signal output from the image encoding apparatus may be additionally provided as an internal/external element of the image decoding apparatus 500 , or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 510 . it might be
- the image decoding apparatus may be referred to as a video/image/picture decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding apparatus may include an information decoder (video/image/picture information decoder) and/or a sample decoder (video/image/picture sample decoder).
- the information decoder may include an entropy decoding unit 510
- the sample decoder includes an inverse quantizer 520 , an inverse transform unit 530 , an adder 535 , a filtering unit 540 , a memory 550 , At least one of an inter prediction unit 560 and an intra prediction unit 565 may be included.
- the inverse quantizer 520 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients to output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantizer 520 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on the coefficient scan order performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the inverse quantization unit 520 may perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- the inverse transform unit 530 may obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array) by inversely transforming the transform coefficients.
- the prediction unit may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 510, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode (prediction technique).
- the prediction unit can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods (techniques) to be described later is the same as described in the description of the prediction unit of the image encoding apparatus 400 .
- the intra prediction unit 565 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the description of the intra prediction unit 485 may be equally applied to the intra prediction unit 565 .
- the inter prediction unit 560 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- the motion information may be predicted as a block, sub-block, or sample unit based on the correlation between the motion information between the neighboring block and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit 560 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and may derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information.
- Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes (techniques), and the prediction information may include information indicating a mode (technique) of inter prediction for the current block.
- the adding unit 535 restores the obtained residual signal by adding it to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 560 and/or the intra prediction unit 565).
- a signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) may be generated.
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the description of the adder 555 may be equally applied to the adder 535 .
- the addition unit 535 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 540 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 540 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 550 , specifically the memory 550 . It can be stored in DPB.
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 550 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 560 .
- the memory 550 may store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 550 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 565 .
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit 460, the inter prediction unit 480, and the intra prediction unit 485 of the image encoding apparatus 400 include the filtering unit 540 of the image decoding apparatus 500, The same or corresponding application may be applied to the inter prediction unit 560 and the intra prediction unit 565 .
- the quantization unit of the encoding apparatus may apply quantization to the transform coefficients to derive quantized transform coefficients, and the inverse quantizer of the encoding apparatus or the inverse quantization unit of the decoding apparatus applies inverse quantization to the quantized transform coefficients to generate the transform coefficients.
- a quantization rate may be changed, and a compression rate may be adjusted using the changed quantization rate.
- a quantization parameter QP
- QP quantization parameter
- quantization parameters of integer values from 0 to 63 may be used, and each quantization parameter value may correspond to an actual quantization rate.
- the quantization parameter QP Y for the luma component (luma sample) and the quantization parameter QP C for the chroma component (chroma sample) may be set differently.
- a transform coefficient C is taken as an input and divided by a quantization rate Q step , and a quantized transform coefficient C ⁇ can be derived based on this.
- a quantization rate is multiplied by a scale to form an integer, and a shift operation may be performed by a value corresponding to the scale value.
- a quantization scale may be derived based on the product of the quantization rate and the scale value. That is, the quantization scale may be derived according to the QP.
- a quantized transform coefficient C ⁇ may be derived based thereon.
- the inverse quantization process is an inverse process of the quantization process, and a quantized transform coefficient (C') is multiplied by a quantization rate (Q step ), and a reconstructed transform coefficient (C') can be derived based on this.
- a level scale may be derived according to the quantization parameter, and the level scale is applied to the quantized transform coefficient C ⁇ , and a reconstructed transform coefficient C ⁇ is derived based on this.
- the reconstructed transform coefficient C ⁇ may be slightly different from the original transform coefficient C due to loss in the transform and/or quantization process. Accordingly, inverse quantization may be performed in the encoding apparatus in the same manner as in the decoding apparatus.
- an adaptive frequency weighting quantization technique that adjusts quantization intensity according to frequency may be applied.
- the adaptive frequency-by-frequency weighted quantization technique may correspond to a method of applying different quantization strengths for each frequency.
- the weighted quantization for each adaptive frequency may be applied with a different quantization intensity for each frequency using a predefined quantization scaling matrix. That is, the above-described quantization/inverse quantization process may be performed further based on the quantization scaling matrix.
- a different quantization scaling matrix may be used according to the size of the current block and/or whether a prediction mode applied to the current block is inter prediction or intra prediction in order to generate a residual signal of the current block.
- the quantization scaling matrix may be referred to as a quantization matrix or a scaling matrix.
- the quantization scaling matrix may be predefined.
- quantization scale information for each frequency with respect to the quantization scaling matrix may be configured/encoded in the encoding apparatus and signaled to the decoding apparatus.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may be referred to as quantization scaling information.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include scaling list data (scaling_list_data).
- the quantization scaling matrix may be derived based on the scaling list data.
- the quantization scale information for each frequency may include present flag information indicating whether the scaling list data exists.
- the scaling list data is signaled at a higher level (e.g., SPS)
- information indicating whether the scaling list data is modified at a lower level e.g., PPS, APS or slice header etc. is further included.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- the coded video/video exists between the video coding layer (VCL), which handles video/video decoding processing and itself, the subsystem that transmits and stores the encoded information, and the VCL and the subsystem, and is responsible for network adaptation. It may be classified as a network abstraction layer (NAL).
- VCL video coding layer
- NAL network abstraction layer
- VCL data including compressed video data is generated, or a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), a video parameter set (Video Parameter Set, A supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message additionally required for a parameter set including information such as VPS) or an image decoding process may be generated.
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
- a NAL unit may be generated by adding header information (NAL unit header) to a raw byte sequence payload (RBSP) generated in the VCL.
- the RBSP refers to slice data, parameter sets, SEI messages, etc. generated in the VCL.
- the NAL unit header may include NAL unit type information specified according to RBSP data included in the corresponding NAL unit.
- the NAL unit may be divided into a VCL NAL unit and a non-VCL NAL unit according to the type of RBSP generated in the VCL.
- a VCL NAL unit may mean a NAL unit including image information (slice data)
- a non-VCL NAL unit may mean a NAL unit including information (parameter set or SEI message) required to decode an image. have.
- VCL NAL unit and non-VCL NAL unit may be transmitted through a network by attaching header information according to a data standard of a subsystem.
- the NAL unit may be transformed into a data form of a predetermined standard such as H.266/VVC file format, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), or Transport Stream (TS) and transmitted through various networks.
- RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
- TS Transport Stream
- the NAL unit type may be specified according to the RBSP data structure included in the corresponding NAL unit, and information on this NAL unit type may be stored and signaled in the NAL unit header.
- the NAL unit may be largely divided into a VCL NAL unit type and a non-VCL NAL unit type according to whether image information (slice data) is included.
- the VCL NAL unit type may be subdivided according to the property/type of the picture included in the VCL NAL unit
- the non-VCL NAL unit type may be subdivided according to the type of parameter set included in the non-VCL NAL unit.
- VCL NAL unit types according to a picture type is as follows.
- IDR_W_RADL Instantaneous Decoding Refresh
- IDR_N_LP VCL NAL unit type for an Instantaneous Decoding Refresh (IDR) picture, which is a type of Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture;
- IDR Instantaneous Decoding Refresh
- IRAP Intra Random Access Point
- the IDR picture may be the first picture in decoding order in the bitstream, or the picture after the first.
- a picture having a NAL unit type such as “IDR_W_RADL” may have one or more Random Access Decodable Leading (RADL) pictures associated with the picture.
- a picture having a NAL unit type such as “IDR_N_LP” does not have any leading picture associated with the picture.
- CRA_NUT VCL NAL unit type for a Clean Random Access (CRA) picture, which is a kind of IRAP picture;
- the CRA picture may be the first picture in decoding order in the bitstream, or may be the first and subsequent pictures.
- a CRA picture may be associated with a RADL or RASL (Random Access Skipped Leading) picture.
- GDR_NUT VCL NAL unit type for randomly accessible Gradual Decoding Refresh (GDR) pictures;
- STSA_NUT VCL NAL unit type for randomly accessible Step-wise Temporal Sublayer Access (STSA) pictures;
- RASL_NUT VCL NAL unit type for a RASL picture that is a leading picture
- a trailing picture is a non-IRAP picture, and may follow the IRAP picture or GDR picture associated with the trailing picture in output order, and may follow the IRAP picture associated with the trailing picture in decoding order.
- DCI_NUT non-VCL NAL unit type including DCI (Decoding Capability Information)
- VPS Video Parameter Set
- SPS_NUT non-VCL NAL unit type including SPS (Sequence Parameter Set)
- PPS_NUT non-VCL NAL unit type including PPS (Picture Parameter Set)
- Picture Header non-VCL NAL unit type including a picture header (Picture Header)
- NAL unit types may be identified by predetermined syntax information (e.g., nal_unit_type) included in the NAL unit header.
- the encoded image/video information in the form of a bitstream includes picture partitioning information, intra/inter prediction information, residual information and/or in-loop filtering information, etc., It may include slice header information, picture header information, APS information, PPS information, SPS information, VPS information, and/or DCI.
- the encoded image/video information may further include general constraint information (GCI) and/or NAL unit header information.
- GCI general constraint information
- the encoded image/video information may be encapsulated into a media file of a predetermined format (e.g., ISO BMFF) and transmitted to a receiving device.
- the encoded image information may be configured (or formatted) based on a predetermined media file format to generate a media file.
- the encoded image information may form a media file (segment) based on one or more NAL units/sample entries for the encoded image information.
- a media file may contain sample entry(s) and track(s) (Track(s)).
- a media file may include various records, and each record may include information related to a media file format or information related to an image.
- one or more NAL units may be stored in a configuration record (or decoder configuration record) field in the media file.
- the media file may contain an operating point record and/or an operating point group box.
- a decoder setting record supporting Versatile Video Coding (VVC) may be referred to as a VVC decoder setting record.
- an operating point recording that supports VVC may be referred to as a VVC operating point recording.
- sample used in the media file format may mean all data associated with a single time or single element of any one of three sample arrays (Y, Cb, Cr) representing a picture.
- sample may refer to all data associated with a single time of the track.
- the time may correspond to a decoding time or a composition time.
- sample may refer to a single element of any one of three sample arrays representing the picture.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a media file structure.
- the media file may have a file format according to the ISO base media file format (ISO BMFF).
- ISO BMFF ISO base media file format
- a media file may contain one or more boxes.
- the box may be a data block or object including media data or metadata related to the media data. Boxes within a media file can be hierarchical. Accordingly, the media file may have a form suitable for storage and/or transmission of large-capacity media data. Also, the media file may have a structure that facilitates access to specific media data.
- the media file 700 may include an ftyp box 710 , a moov box 720 , a moof box 730 , and an mdat box 740 .
- the ftyp box 710 may include information related to a file type, a file version, and/or compatibility of the media file 700 . According to an embodiment, the ftyp box 710 may be located at the beginning of the media file 700 .
- the moov box 720 may contain metadata describing the media data in the media file 700 . According to an embodiment, the moov box 720 may exist in the uppermost layer among metadata-related boxes. Also, the moov box 720 may include header information of the media file 700 . For example, the moov box 720 may include a decoder configuration record as decoder configuration information.
- the moov box 720 is a sub box, and may include an mvhd box 721 , a trak box 722 , and an mvex 723 box.
- the mvhd box 721 may include presentation-related information (e.g., media creation time, change time, period, etc.) of media data in the media file 700 .
- presentation-related information e.g., media creation time, change time, period, etc.
- the trak box 722 may include metadata for a track of media data.
- the trak box 722 may contain stream-related information, presentation-related information, and/or access-related information for an audio track or a video track.
- a plurality of trak boxes 722 may exist according to the number of tracks present in the media file 700 . An example of the structure of the trak box 722 will be described later with reference to FIG. 8 .
- the mvex box 723 may include information on whether one or more movie fragments exist in the media file 700 .
- the movie fragment may be a part of media data obtained by dividing media data in the media file 700 .
- a movie fragment may include one or more coded pictures.
- a movie fragment may include one or more picture groups (GOPs), and each picture group may include a plurality of coded frames or pictures.
- the movie fragment may be stored in each of the mdat boxes 740 - 1 to 740 -N (where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1).
- the moof boxes 730-1 to 730-N may include movie fragments, that is, metadata for the mdat boxes 740-1 to 740-N. According to an embodiment, the moof boxes 730 - 1 to 730 -N may exist in an uppermost layer among metadata-related boxes of a movie fragment.
- the mdat boxes 740 - 1 to 740 -N may include actual media data.
- a plurality of mdat boxes 740 - 1 to 740 -N may exist according to the number of movie fragments present in the media file 700 .
- Each mdat box 740 - 1 to 740 -N may include one or more audio samples or video samples.
- a sample may mean an access unit (AU).
- the decoder setting record may include a parameter set as well as a size of a length field for indicating the length of a Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) unit to which each sample belongs.
- NAL Network Abstraction Layer
- the media file 700 may be processed and stored and/or transmitted in units of segments.
- the segment may include an initialization segment (I_seg) and a media segment (M_seg).
- the initialization segment I_seg may be an object type data unit including initialization information for accessing a representation.
- the initialization segment I_seg may include the aforementioned ftyp box 710 and/or moov box 720 .
- the media segment M_seg may be a data unit in the form of an object including temporally divided media data for a streaming service.
- the media segment M_seg may include the aforementioned moof boxes 730 - 1 to 230 -N and mdat boxes 740 - 1 to 740 -N.
- the media segment M_seg may further include a styp box including segment type related information and a sidx box including identification information of subsegments included in the media file 700 (however, optional).
- FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of the structure of the trak box of FIG.
- the trak box 800 may include a tkhd box 810 , a tref box 820 , and an mdia box 830 .
- the tkhd box 810 is a track header box, and includes header information of a track (hereinafter, referred to as 'corresponding track') indicated by the trak box 800, such as creation/modification time of the corresponding track, track identifier, and the like. can do.
- the tref box 820 is a track reference box and may include reference information of a corresponding track, for example, a track identifier of another track referenced by the corresponding track.
- the mdia box 830 may include information and objects describing media data in a corresponding track.
- the mdia box 830 may include a minf box 840 that provides information about the media data.
- the minf box 840 may include an stbl box 850 including metadata for samples including the media data.
- the stbl box 850 is a sample table box, and may include location information, time information, and the like of samples in a track. Based on the information provided by the stbl box 850, a reader can determine the sample type and sample size and offset within the container, and place the samples in the correct time order.
- the stbl box 850 may include one or more sample entry boxes 851 , 852 .
- Sample entry boxes 851 and 852 may provide various parameters for a particular sample.
- a sample entry box for a video sample may include the width, height, resolution and/or frame count of the video sample.
- a sample entry box for an audio sample may include a channel count, a channel layout and/or a sampling rate of the audio sample.
- the sample entry boxes 851 and 852 may be included in a sample description box (not shown) in the stbl box 850 .
- the sample description box may provide detailed information on a coding type applied to a sample and any initialization information required for the coding type.
- the stbl box 850 may include one or more sample to group boxes 853 , 854 and one or more sample group description boxes 855 , 856 .
- the sample to group boxes 853 and 854 may indicate a sample group to which a sample belongs.
- the sample-to-group boxes 853 and 854 may include a grouping type syntax element (e.g., grouping_type) indicating the type of the sample group.
- sample to group boxes 853 and 854 may contain one or more sample group entries.
- the sample group entry may include a sample count syntax element (e.g., sample_count) and a group description index syntax element (e.g., group_description_index).
- the sample count syntax element may indicate the number of consecutive samples to which the corresponding group description index is applied.
- the sample group may include a stream access point (SAP) sample group, a random access recovery point sample group, and the like, and details thereof will be described later.
- SAP stream access point
- the sample group description boxes 855 and 856 may provide a description of the sample group.
- the sample group description boxes 855 and 856 may include a grouping type syntax element (e.g., grouping_type).
- the sample group description boxes 855 and 856 may correspond to the sample to group boxes 853 and 854 having the same grouping type syntax element value.
- the sample group description boxes 855 and 856 may include one or more sample group description entries.
- the sample group description entries may include a 'spor' sample group description entry, a 'minp' sample group description entry, a 'roll' sample group description entry, and the like.
- media data may be encapsulated into a media file according to a file format such as ISO BMFF.
- the media file may be transmitted to the receiving device through an image signal according to the MMT standard or the MPEG-DASH standard.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image signal structure.
- an image signal conforms to the MPEG-DASH standard and may include an MPD 910 and a plurality of representations 920 - 1 to 920 -N.
- the MPD 910 is a file including detailed information on media presentation, and may be expressed in XML format.
- MPD 910 includes information about a plurality of representations 920-1 to 920-N (e.g., bit rate of streaming content, image resolution, frame rate, etc.) and HTTP resources (e.g., initialization segment and media) Segments) of URLs.
- representations 920-1 to 920-N e.g., bit rate of streaming content, image resolution, frame rate, etc.
- HTTP resources e.g., initialization segment and media
- Each representation 920-1 to 920-N may be divided into a plurality of segments S-1 to S-K (where K is an integer greater than 1). have.
- the plurality of segments S-1 to S-K may correspond to the initialization segment and media segments described above with reference to FIG. 7 .
- the K-th segment S-K may represent the last movie fragment in each of the representations 920 - 1 to 920 -N.
- the number of segments S-1 to S-K included in each of the representations 920 - 1 to 920 -N ie, the value of K) may be different from each other.
- Each segment S-1 to S-K may contain actual media data, such as one or more video or image samples.
- the characteristics of the video or image samples contained within each segment S-1 to S-K may be described by the MPD 910 .
- each segment S-1 to S-K has a unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL), it can be accessed and restored independently.
- URL Uniform Resource Locator
- a video elementary stream contains VCL NAL units, but not parameter sets, DCI or OPI NAL units. At this time, parameter sets, DCI or OPI NAL units may be stored in one or more sample entries.
- a video elementary stream may include non-VCL NAL units excluding parameter sets, DCI NAL units and OPI NAL units.
- a video and parameter set elementary stream contains VCL NAL units.
- a video and parameter set elementary stream may include parameter sets, DCI or OPI NAL units, and may have parameter sets, DCI or OPI NAL units stored in one or more sample entries.
- a non-VCL elementary stream contains only non-VCL NAL units that are synchronized with the elementary stream carried within the video track.
- VVC file format defines various types of tracks as follows.
- a VVC track contains samples and NAL units in sample entries, possibly by referencing VVC tracks containing other sublayers of the VVC bitstream, and possibly VVC subpicture tracks. By referring to it, the VVC bitstream may be indicated.
- VVC track refers to VVC subpicture tracks
- the VVC track may be referred to as a VVC base track.
- VVC non-VCL track Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF), Luma Mapping with Chroma Scaling (LMCS) or Adaptive Parameter Sets (APSs) carrying scaling list parameters and other non-VCL NAL units, including VCL NAL units It can be stored in a track distinct from the track and transmitted over the track.
- the VVC non-VCL track may refer to the above track.
- a VVC non-VCL track does not contain parameter set, DCI or OPI NAL units in sample entries.
- a VVC subpicture track may contain a sequence of one or more VVC subpictures or a sequence of one or more complete slices forming a rectangular region.
- a sample of a VVC subpicture track may include one or more complete subpictures that are contiguous in decoding order or one or more complete slices that are continuous in decoding order and form a rectangular region.
- VVC subpictures or slices included in each sample of a VVC subpicture track may be consecutive in decoding order.
- VVC non-VCL tracks and VVC subpicture tracks may enable optimal delivery of VVC video in streaming applications.
- Each of the tracks may be carried within its own DASH representations.
- a DASH representation including a subset of VVC subpicture tracks and a DASH representation including non-VCL tracks may be requested by the client for each segment. can In this way, it is possible to avoid redundant transmission of APS and other non-VCL NAL units.
- VVC bitstream The output of this process may be referred to as a VVC bitstream, which may be referred to as an output bitstream.
- a file reader may perform this process if one or more of the following conditions are true.
- VVC bitstream entity group e.g., 'vvcb'
- the file reader processes the VVC bitstream represented by the entity group to generate an output bitstream.
- An operation point entity group (e.g., 'opeg') exists in the file and the file reader generates the output bitstream using any operation point described by the entity group.
- This process may consist of the following steps.
- the operation point may be determined at the beginning of the VVC bitstream, and may be determined again for an IRAP or GDR access unit.
- the method of determining the operating point may be different from that specified in a standard document, such as ISO/IEC 14496-15.
- the file reader selects an operating point for the first time or a different operating point than previously selected, the file reader sets the output layer set index and the highest TemporalID value of the selected operating point into the output bitstream. Include in the OPI NAL unit (as the first NAL unit following the AU delimiter NAL unit (if present) in the first access unit where the operation point is used), or by other means, indicate to the VVC decoder do.
- layers and sublayers in access units (AUs) that do not start CVS as long as the layer and sublayer set to be decoded are within the latest operation point indicated to the decoder via the OPI NAL unit or other means. It may be possible to down-switch and up-switch them. In this case, layer up-switching may occur in IRAP, GDR, or STSA picture units having TemporalId equal to 0. In addition, sub-layer up-switching may occur in the STSA picture unit.
- Subsequent steps may be applied according to the decoding order from the access unit for which the operation point is determined to the end of the bitstream or the access unit for which the next operation point is determined, for the sequence of access units.
- a file parser may identify tracks necessary for the selected operating point as follows.
- VVC tracks are determined from the 'vvcb' entity group representing the VVC bitstream.
- the first entity_id of the 'vvcb' entity group identifies the track containing the 'vopi' sample group. Mapping of operating points to layers and sublayers is terminated from the 'vopi' sample group.
- the set of tracks comprising the layers and sublayers of the selected operating point, and thus necessary to decode the selected operating point, is terminated from the 'linf' sample group present within the VVC tracks of the VVC bitstream.
- a particular layer or sublayer may be represented by more than one track, when identifying the tracks required for an operating point, it may be necessary to make a choice among a set of tracks carrying all of the particular layer or sublayer. .
- the access units for the output bitstream may be selected from among the VVC tracks required for the selected operating point (if condition i, ii, or iii above is true), or within a VVC base track (if condition iv above is true), or Within the VVC track (if the above-mentioned condition v is true), the samples may be reconstructed in decoding time order.
- the alignment of each sample in the tracks may be performed based on the sample decoding time.
- the restored access units may be placed in the output bitstream in ascending order in decoding time order.
- the file reader shall include the EOS NAL unit in each layer of the operating point applied to the output bitstream.
- VVC bitstream When a VVC bitstream is represented by multiple VVC tracks, the decoding time of the samples, when the tracks are combined into a single bitstream that is sorted by increasing the decoding time, the access unit order is determined by standard documents such as ISO/IEC 23090- 3 (VVC standard) must be set up correctly.
- This process may indicate access unit recovery from a time-aligned sample with a current decoding time among the requested VVC track(s), associated VVC non-VCL tracks and referenced VVC subpicture tracks.
- the sample(s) of the current decoding time includes VCL NAL units with a TemporalId greater than the largest TemporalId included in the selected operating point, no access unit can be recovered from the current decoding time.
- picture units from samples with the same decoding time (picture units as specified in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard)), access the access unit in ascending order of the nuh_layer_id value. It can be located within the unit. The following steps may be performed according to predetermined conditions.
- the AUD NAL unit in the 'aud' sample group is an access unit It may be placed in the access unit as the first NAL unit of
- the EOS NAL unit in the 'eos' sample group is located at the indicated position within the access unit, i.e.
- the eos_position-th NAL unit of the restored access unit excluding the AUD NAL unit may be disposed at a position next to the NAL unit.
- the EOB NAL unit in the 'eob' sample group is within the access unit (including the EOS NAL unit) ) may be placed after all other NAL units.
- Only picture units from layers and sublayers within the target operating point may be included in the output bitstream.
- an Operating Points Entity Group i.e., Operating Points Entity Group
- the VVC decoder implementation inputs the bitstream corresponding to the target output layer set index TargetOlsIdx and the TemporalId highest HighestTid of the target operating point, as defined in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard):2021. can be taken as The file parser needs to check that it does not contain other layers and sublayers than those included in the target operating point before sending to the VVC decoder.
- VCL NAL units when reconstructing an access unit, for each layer in the output layer set, with index j in the range from 0 to layer_count[i] - 1, if num_ref_sublayers_in_layer_in_ols[i][j] is greater than 0, VCL NAL units are , VCL NAL units may belong to sublayers of a layer with a TemporalId less than or equal to Min(num_ref_sublayers_in_layer_in_ols[i][j] - 1, max_temporal_id), and consequently may be included in the bitstream, and the requested tracks are thus can be selected accordingly.
- max_temporal_id may mean a value of a syntax element corresponding to an operation point.
- the access unit of the VVC track has unspecified NAL unit types ( nal_unit_type within the range of UNSPEC_28 to UNSPEC_31 , that is, nal_unit_type values within the range of 28 to 31 defined in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard)) NAL units), the non-specified NAL unit types must be discarded from the last reconstructed bitstream.
- NAL unit types nal_unit_type within the range of UNSPEC_28 to UNSPEC_31 , that is, nal_unit_type values within the range of 28 to 31 defined in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard) NAL units
- each picture unit may be restored as specified in a standard document, for example, subclause 11.6.3 of ISO/IEC 14496-15. If the VVC track contains a 'recr' track reference, each picture unit may be reconstructed as specified in a standard document, such as subclause 11.6.6 of ISO/IEC 14496-15. The process specified in the above subclauses may be repeated for each layer of the target operating point in ascending order of nuh_layer_id.
- the restored access units may be placed in the VVC bitstream in ascending order of decoding time.
- a sample of a VVC track may be decomposed into picture units in the following order.
- the AUD NAL unit may be included in a picture unit.
- the AUD NAL unit when an AUD NAL unit exists in a sample, the AUD NAL unit may be the first NAL unit in the sample.
- the picture unit is the first picture unit in the access unit reconstructed from the sample, the following NAL units may be included in the picture unit.
- the NAL units in the time-aligned sample of the associated VVC non-VCL track are the first NAL units among these NAL units. Excluding NAL units. Otherwise, all NAL units in the time-aligned sample of the associated VVC non-VCL track.
- NAL units in a sample having a nal_unit_type such as EOS_NUT, EOB_NUT, SUFFIX_APS_NUT, SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, FD_NUT, or RSV_NVCL_27
- NAL units in a sample except for the first NAL unit among these NAL units may be included in a picture unit. In other cases, all NAL units in a sample may be included in a picture unit.
- the reader shall exclude all OPI NAL units stored in sample entries and samples from the access unit restored in all steps above.
- NAL units of a sample in the VVC track may be included in a picture unit.
- Track references may be resolved as specified in standard documents, eg subclause 11.6.4 of ISO/IEC 14496-15.
- parameter sets may be updated as specified in standard documents, eg subclause 11.6.5 of ISO/IEC 14496-15.
- all SEI NAL units and all DCI, OPI, VPS, SPS, PPS, AUD, PH, EOS, EOB NAL units including a scalable nesting SEI message with sn_subpic_flag equal to 1 are excluded, Picture units are ordered by the VVC subpicture tracks referenced in the 'subp' track reference (if num_subpic_ref_idx is 0 in the same group entry of the 'spor' sample group entry mapped to this sample), or 'mapped to this sample' In the order specified in the spor' sample group description entry (if num_subpic_ref_idx is greater than 0 within the same group entry of the 'spor' sample group entry mapped to this sample), within each referenced VVC subpicture track (on decoding time) may be appended by the contents of the time-aligned decomposed sample.
- the decomposed sample of the VVC subpicture track may include the following NAL units. i) When there is at least one NAL unit in the time-aligned sample of the associated VVC non-VCL track with nal_unit_type such as EOS_NUT, EOB_NUT, SUFFIX_APS_NUT, SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, FD_NUT, or RSV_NVCL_27 (NAL with NAL unit type described above) A unit cannot precede the first VCL NAL unit in a picture unit), NAL units in a time-aligned sample of the associated VVC non-VCL track except for the first NAL unit among these NAL units (provided that the AUD NAL unit is excluded).
- nal_unit_type such as EOS_NUT, EOB_NUT, SUFFIX_APS_NUT, SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, FD_NUT, or RSV_NVCL_27
- NAL units in a sample having a nal_unit_type such as EOS_NUT, EOB_NUT, SUFFIX_APS_NUT, SUFFIX_SEI_NUT, FD_NUT, or RSV_NVCL_27 may be included in a picture unit.
- a sample group description entry of an end of sequence (EOS) sample group may include an EOS NAL unit.
- EOS sample group When a sample is mapped to an EOS sample group ('eos'), the EOS NAL unit included in the sample group is restored if the target operating point corresponds to the maximum temporal ID indicated in the output layer sets and the EOS sample group. It may indicate that it needs to be inserted at the indicated location within the access unit.
- the EOS sample group may also be referred to as an 'eos' sample group or 'eos', and unless otherwise stated, they will be used interchangeably.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a track carrying multi-layers.
- an EOS sample entry may include syntax elements ols_idx, max_tid, lower_ols_idx_inclusive, eos_position, and eosNalUnit.
- the syntax elements ols_idx and max_tid may indicate an operating point to which the EOS sample group is applied.
- the syntax element lower_ols_idx_inclusive may indicate whether the EOS sample group applies only to a specific operating point.
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the second value e.g., 0
- OLS index output layer set index
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the first value e.g., 1) may indicate that the EOS sample group is applied to all output layer sets having indices from 0 to ols_idx.
- the syntax element eos_position may indicate the index of the NAL unit of the reconstructed access unit after the EOS NAL unit is placed in the reconstructed bitstream.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit may include an EOS NAL unit specified in a standard document, such as ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard).
- a track may carry multiple layers.
- a plurality of EOS NAL units need to be inserted into the access unit, one for each layer.
- a video sequence may be generated for each layer.
- a total of two EOS NAL units, one for each layer (Layer 0 and Layer 1), must be inserted into the last access unit, AU2.
- one 'eos' sample group can only carry one EOS NAL unit. Considering that only one 'eos' sample group is mapped for each sample or access unit, this means that only one EOS NAL unit can be inserted into each sample or access unit. Accordingly, the 'eos' sample group design of FIG. 10 may not work for a VVC elementary stream having multiple layers.
- embodiments of the present disclosure provide a new 'eos' sample group design that can carry a plurality of EOS NAL units.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure may include at least one of the following configurations. Depending on the embodiment, the above components may be implemented individually, or may be implemented in a combination of two or more.
- the 'eos' sample group may be allowed to carry a plurality of EOS NAL units.
- a new syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1 may be signaled.
- the number of EOS NAL units in the 'eos' sample group may be num_eos_nal_unit_minus1+1.
- the syntax element eos_position[ i ] regarding the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit may be signaled.
- the syntax element eos_position[ i ] may indicate an index of a NAL unit in a sample into which the i-th EOS NAL unit is to be inserted.
- delta_eos_position[ i ] may be signaled.
- the value of eos_position[ i ] may be derived as follows based on delta_eos_position[ i ].
- eos_position[ i ] may be derived to the same value as delta_eos_position[ i ].
- eos_position[ i ] may be derived as the same value as eos_position[ i-1 ] + delta_eos_position[ i ].
- Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure may be provided based on Configurations 1 to 4 described above.
- the implementation of embodiment 1 may relate to the VVC file format specification.
- Embodiment 1 unlike the existing EOS sample group, a plurality of EOS NAL units may be carried in one EOS sample group.
- descriptions overlapping with the existing EOS sample group described above with reference to FIG. 10 will be omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an EOS sample group entry may include syntax elements ols_idx, max_tid, lower_ols_idx_inclusive, num_eos_nal_unit_minus1, eos_position[i], and eosNalUnit[i].
- the syntax elements ols_idx and max_tid may indicate an operating point to which the EOS sample group is applied.
- the syntax element lower_ols_idx_inclusive may indicate whether the EOS sample group applies only to a specific operating point.
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the second value e.g., 0
- OLS index output layer set index
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the first value e.g., 1) may indicate that the EOS sample group is applied to all output layer sets having indices from 0 to ols_idx.
- the syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1 may indicate a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of EOS NAL units existing in the EOS sample group.
- the syntax element eos_position[i] may indicate the NAL unit index after the i-th EOS NAL unit is disposed in the current sample.
- the NAL unit index may consider only NAL units natively present in the current sample, excluding other NAL unit(s) that may be inserted/placed in the current sample.
- the first NAL unit in the current sample may be considered as the 0-th NAL unit.
- the current sample may be mapped to the 'aud' sample group and/or the 'eob' sample group resulting in an AUD NAL unit and/or an EOB NAL unit to be inserted into a sample or reconstructed access unit.
- eos_position[i] may be based on the position of the NAL unit before insertion of the AUD NAL unit and/or the EOB NAL unit.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit[i], in the sample group may include the i-th EOS NAL unit specified in a standard document, such as ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard).
- picture units from samples with the same decoding time (picture units as specified in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard)), access the access unit in ascending order of the nuh_layer_id value. It can be located within the unit. The following steps may be performed according to predetermined conditions.
- the AUD NAL unit in the 'aud' sample group is an access unit It may be placed in the AU as the first NAL unit of .
- the EOS NAL units in the 'eos' sample group can be placed in the access unit as follows: have.
- EOS NAL unit i.e., eosNalUnit[i]
- EOS NAL unit For the second EOS NAL unit to the last EOS NAL unit (i.e., EOS NAL units having an index i greater than 0), the following may be applied.
- EOS NAL unit i.e., eosNalUnit[i]
- the EOB NAL unit in the 'eob' sample group is an access unit (including the EOS NAL unit) It can be placed after all other NAL units (including EOS NAL unit) in
- Only picture units from layers and sublayers within the target operating point may be included in the output bitstream.
- the EOS sample group may include a plurality of EOS NAL units and information on their number. Accordingly, it is possible to correctly restore an access unit having a multi-layer structure.
- Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure may be provided based on all configurations except for configuration 4 described above.
- the implementation of Example 2 may be related to Example 1.
- Embodiment 2 unlike the existing EOS sample group, a plurality of EOS NAL units may be carried in one EOS sample group.
- descriptions overlapping with the existing EOS sample group described above with reference to FIG. 10 will be omitted.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an EOS sample group entry may include syntax elements ols_idx, max_tid, lower_ols_idx_inclusive, num_eos_nal_unit_minus1, delta_eos_position[i], and eosNalUnit[i].
- the syntax elements ols_idx and max_tid may indicate an operating point to which the EOS sample group is applied.
- the syntax element lower_ols_idx_inclusive may indicate whether the EOS sample group applies only to a specific operating point.
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the second value e.g., 0
- OLS index output layer set index
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the first value e.g., 1) may indicate that the EOS sample group is applied to all output layer sets having indices from 0 to ols_idx.
- the syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1 may indicate a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of EOS NAL units existing in the EOS sample group.
- the syntax element delta_eos_position[i] may be used to derive the value of eos_position[i] indicating the NAL unit index after the i-th EOS NAL unit is disposed in the current sample.
- the NAL unit index may consider only NAL units natively present in the current sample, excluding other NAL unit(s) that may be inserted/placed in the current sample.
- the first NAL unit in the current sample may be considered as the 0-th NAL unit.
- eos_position[0] may be set equal to delta_eos_position[0].
- eos_position[i] may be set equal to eos_position[i-1]+delta_eos_position[i].
- the EOS sample group entry of FIG. 13 may be different from the case of FIG. 12 including information indicating the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit in that it includes difference information for deriving the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit.
- the current sample may be mapped to the 'aud' sample group and/or 'eob' sample group resulting in an AUD NAL unit and/or an EOB NAL unit to be inserted into a sample or reconstructed access unit.
- eos_position[i] may be based on the position of the NAL unit before insertion of the AUD NAL unit and/or the EOB NAL unit.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit[i], in the sample group may include the i-th EOS NAL unit specified in a standard document, such as ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard).
- the EOS sample group may include a plurality of EOS NAL units and information on their number. Accordingly, it is possible to correctly restore an access unit having a multi-layer structure.
- Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure may be provided based on configuration 1, configuration 2, and configuration 6 described above.
- the implementation of embodiment 3 may be related to the VVC file format specification.
- a plurality of EOS NAL units may be carried in one EOS sample group, unlike the existing EOS sample group. Also, information indicating the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit may be excluded from the EOS sample group.
- descriptions overlapping with the existing EOS sample group described above with reference to FIG. 10 will be omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a syntax structure of an EOS sample group entry according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an EOS sample group entry may include syntax elements ols_idx, max_tid, lower_ols_idx_inclusive, num_eos_nal_unit_minus1, and eosNalUnit[i].
- the syntax elements ols_idx and max_tid may indicate an operating point to which the EOS sample group is applied.
- the syntax element lower_ols_idx_inclusive may indicate whether the EOS sample group applies only to a specific operating point.
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the second value e.g., 0
- OLS index output layer set index
- lower_ols_idx_inclusive of the first value e.g., 1) may indicate that the EOS sample group is applied to all output layer sets having indices from 0 to ols_idx.
- a value obtained by adding 1 to the syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1 may indicate the number of EOS NAL units existing in the EOS sample group.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit[i], in the sample group may include the i-th EOS NAL unit specified in a standard document, such as ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard).
- the EOS sample group entry of FIG. 14 does not include a syntax element (e.g., eos_position[i], delta_eos_position[i]) regarding the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit. Accordingly, the bit size of the EOS sample group entry can be further reduced.
- a syntax element e.g., eos_position[i], delta_eos_position[i]
- picture units from samples with the same decoding time (picture units as specified in a standard document, e.g., ISO/IEC 23090-3 (VVC standard)), access the access unit in ascending order of the nuh_layer_id value. It can be located within the unit. The following steps may be performed according to predetermined conditions.
- the AUD NAL unit in the 'aud' sample group is an access unit It may be placed in the access unit as the first NAL unit of
- the EOS NAL units in the 'eos' sample group are EOB NAL units (if any) It may be placed into an access unit after all NAL units of the access unit except for.
- the EOB NAL unit in the 'eob' sample group is within the access unit (including the EOS NAL unit) ) may be placed after all other NAL units.
- the EOS sample group may include a plurality of EOS NAL units and information on their number. Also, information indicating the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit may be excluded from the EOS sample group. Accordingly, it is possible to correctly restore an access unit having a multi-layer structure while saving the number of bits.
- Embodiment 4 of the present disclosure may be provided based on configuration 1, configuration 2, and configuration 7 described above.
- the implementation of embodiment 4 may be related to the VVC file format specification.
- a plurality of EOS NAL units may be carried in one EOS sample group, unlike the existing EOS sample group. Also, information indicating the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit may be excluded from the EOS sample group.
- descriptions overlapping with the existing EOS sample group described above with reference to FIG. 10 will be omitted.
- EOS sample entry (EndOfSequenceSampleEntry) according to the fourth embodiment may be the same as those of the third embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 14 .
- some of the above-described implicit restoration process of the VVC bitstream may be modified according to the fourth embodiment.
- the implicit restoration process modified according to the fourth embodiment may be the same as that of the third embodiment except for the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit.
- the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit according to Embodiment 4 is as follows.
- the EOS NAL units in the 'eos' sample group are EOB NAL units (if any) It may be placed into an access unit after all NAL units from the sample except.
- the EOS sample group may include a plurality of EOS NAL units and information on their number. Also, information indicating the insertion position of the EOS NAL unit may be excluded from the EOS sample group. Accordingly, it is possible to correctly restore an access unit having a multi-layer structure while saving the number of bits.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a method for receiving a media file according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each step of FIG. 15 may be performed by the media file receiving apparatus.
- the media file receiving device may correspond to the receiving device B of FIG. 1 .
- the media file receiving device may acquire one or more tracks and sample groups from the media file received from the media file generating/transmitting device ( S1510 ).
- the media file may have a file format such as ISO Base Media File Format (ISO BMFF), Common Media Application Format (CMAF), or the like.
- the apparatus for receiving the media file may restore the access unit based on the samples in the track and the sample group ( S1520 ).
- the sample group may include a first sample group including sequence end information of video data including the access unit.
- the first sample group may include end of sequence (EOS) NAL units belonging to the first sample group, and a first syntax element regarding the number of EOS NAL units.
- the first sample group may have the syntax structure described above with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14 .
- the EOS NAL units may correspond to the above-described syntax element eosNalUnit[i].
- the first syntax element may correspond to the above-described syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1.
- a value obtained by adding 1 to the first syntax element may indicate the number of EOS NAL units.
- the first syntax element may have an unsigned integer type (i.e., unsigned int). Accordingly, the value of the first syntax element may be greater than or equal to 0, and the first sample group may include at least one EOS NAL unit.
- the EOS NAL units may be listed in a controlled loop based on the first syntax element.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit[i] may be obtained from the EOS sample group in the order of NAL unit index i through a for-loop that is repeated num_eos_nal_unit_minus1+1 times.
- the maximum NAL unit index value of the EOS NAL units may be equal to the value (e.g., num_eos_nal_unit_minus1) of the first syntax element.
- the EOS NAL units may be placed at a predetermined location within the access unit, based on whether a sample in the track belongs to the first sample group.
- the predetermined position may be determined as a position next to all NAL units of the sample except for an end of bitstream (EOB) NAL unit in the access unit.
- the predetermined position may be determined as a position next to all NAL units of the access unit except for an end of bitstream (EOB) NAL unit within the access unit.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a media file according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each step of FIG. 16 may be performed by the media file generating apparatus.
- the apparatus for generating a media file may correspond to the transmission apparatus A of FIG. 1 .
- the apparatus for generating a media file may encode video data including an access unit ( S1610 ).
- the video data may be encoded through a prediction, transformation, and quantization process according to a video codec standard, for example, a VVC standard.
- the apparatus for generating a media file may generate a first sample group including sequence end information of the encoded video data (S1620).
- the apparatus for generating a media file may generate a media file based on the encoded video data and the first sample group ( S1630 ).
- the media file may have a file format such as ISO Base Media File Format (ISO BMFF), Common Media Application Format (CMAF), or the like.
- the first sample group may include end of sequence (EOS) NAL units belonging to the first sample group, and a first syntax element regarding the number of EOS NAL units.
- the first sample group may have the syntax structure described above with reference to FIGS. 12 to 14 .
- the EOS NAL units may correspond to the above-described syntax element eosNalUnit[i].
- the first syntax element may correspond to the above-described syntax element num_eos_nal_unit_minus1.
- a value obtained by adding 1 to the first syntax element may indicate the number of EOS NAL units.
- the first syntax element may have an unsigned integer type (i.e., unsigned int). Accordingly, the value of the first syntax element may be greater than or equal to 0, and the first sample group may include at least one EOS NAL unit.
- the EOS NAL units may be listed in a controlled loop based on the first syntax element.
- the syntax element eosNalUnit[i] is to be inserted (or encoded) into the EOS sample group in the order of NAL unit index i through a for-loop that is repeated num_eos_nal_unit_minus1+1 times.
- the maximum NAL unit index value of the EOS NAL units may be equal to the value (e.g., num_eos_nal_unit_minus1) of the first syntax element.
- the EOS NAL units may be placed at a predetermined location within the access unit, based on whether a sample in the track belongs to the first sample group.
- the predetermined position may be determined as a position next to all NAL units of the sample except for an end of bitstream (EOB) NAL unit in the access unit.
- the predetermined position may be determined as a position next to all NAL units of the access unit except for an end of bitstream (EOB) NAL unit in the access unit.
- a new 'eos' sample group design capable of carrying a plurality of EOS NAL units may be provided. Accordingly, the 'eos' sample group may work correctly even for a VVC elementary stream having multiple layers.
- Example methods of the present disclosure are expressed as a series of operations for clarity of description, but this is not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed, and if necessary, each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order.
- other steps may be included in addition to the illustrated steps, other steps may be included except some steps, or additional other steps may be included except some steps.
- an image encoding apparatus or an image decoding apparatus performing a predetermined operation may perform an operation (step) of confirming a condition or situation for performing the corresponding operation (step). For example, if it is stated that a predetermined operation is performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the video encoding apparatus or the image decoding apparatus performs an operation to check whether the predetermined condition is satisfied and then performs the predetermined operation can be done
- various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- general purpose It may be implemented by a processor (general processor), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and the like.
- a media file receiving device and a media file generating device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied are real-time such as a multimedia broadcasting transceiver, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, and a video communication device.
- Communication device mobile streaming device, storage medium, camcorder, video on demand (VoD) service providing device, OTT video (Over the top video) device, internet streaming service providing device, three-dimensional (3D) video device, video telephony video device, and a medical video device, and the like, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal.
- the OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a digital video recorder (DVR), and the like.
- a game console a Blu-ray player
- an Internet-connected TV a home theater system
- a smart phone a tablet PC
- DVR digital video recorder
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied.
- the content streaming system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as a smartphone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. directly generate a bitstream
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an image encoding method and/or an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user device based on a user request through the web server, and the web server may serve as a medium informing the user of a service.
- the web server transmits it to a streaming server, and the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server.
- the control server may serve to control commands/responses between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media repository and/or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, Tablet PC (tablet PC), ultrabook (ultrabook), wearable device (e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)), digital TV, desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- PMP portable multimedia player
- PDA portable multimedia player
- slate PC slate PC
- Tablet PC Tablet PC
- ultrabook ultrabook
- wearable device e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)
- digital TV desktop
- desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributed and processed.
- the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.) that cause operation according to the method of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or and non-transitory computer-readable media in which instructions and the like are stored and executed on a device or computer.
- software or machine-executable instructions eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.
- Embodiments according to the present disclosure may be used to create and transmit/receive media files.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 미디어 파일 수신 장치에 의해 수행되는 미디어 파일 수신 방법으로서,미디어 파일로부터 하나 이상의 트랙 및 샘플 그룹을 획득하는 단계; 및상기 트랙 내의 샘플들 및 상기 샘플 그룹에 기반하여, 액세스 유닛을 복원하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 샘플 그룹은, 상기 액세스 유닛이 속한 비디오 데이터의 EOS(end of sequence) 정보를 포함하는 제1 샘플 그룹을 포함하며,상기 제1 샘플 그룹은, 하나 이상의 EOS NAL 유닛들 및 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수에 관한 제1 신택스 요소를 포함하는미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 신택스 요소에 1을 가산한 값은 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수를 나타내는미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 EOS NAL 유닛들은 상기 제1 신택스 요소에 기반하여 제어되는 루프 내에서 리스팅되는미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 최대 인덱스 값은 상기 제1 신택스 요소의 값과 같은미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 트랙 내의 샘플이 상기 제1 샘플 그룹에 속하는 것에 기반하여, 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들은 상기 액세스 유닛 내에서 미리 결정된 위치에 배치되는미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 미리 결정된 위치는, 상기 액세스 유닛 내에서, EOB(end of bitstream) NAL 유닛을 제외한 상기 샘플의 모든 NAL 유닛들 다음 위치인미디어 파일 수신 방법.
- 메모리 및 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하는 미디어 파일 수신 장치로서,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는,미디어 파일로부터 하나 이상의 트랙 및 샘플 그룹을 획득하고,상기 트랙 내의 샘플들 및 상기 샘플 그룹에 기반하여, 액세스 유닛을 복원하되,상기 샘플 그룹은, 상기 액세스 유닛이 속한 비디오 데이터의 EOS(end of sequence) 정보를 포함하는 제1 샘플 그룹을 포함하며,상기 제1 샘플 그룹은, 하나 이상의 EOS NAL 유닛들 및 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수에 관한 제1 신택스 요소를 포함하는미디어 파일 수신 장치.
- 미디어 파일 생성 장치에 의해 수행되는 미디어 파일 생성 방법으로서,액세스 유닛을 포함하는 비디오 데이터를 부호화하는 단계;상기 부호화된 비디오 데이터의 EOS(end of sequence) 정보를 포함하는 제1 샘플 그룹을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 부호화된 비디오 데이터 및 상기 제1 샘플 그룹에 기반하여, 미디어 파일을 생성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 제1 샘플 그룹은, 하나 이상의 EOS NAL 유닛들 및 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수에 관한 제1 신택스 요소를 포함하는미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 제1 신택스 요소에 1을 가산한 값은 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수를 나타내는미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 EOS NAL 유닛들은 상기 제1 신택스 요소에 기반하여 제어되는 루프 내에서 리스팅되는미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 최대 인덱스 값은 상기 제1 신택스 요소의 값과 같은미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 비디오 데이터의 샘플이 상기 제1 샘플 그룹에 속하는 것에 기반하여, 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들은 상기 액세스 유닛 내에서 미리 결정된 위치에 배치되는미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제12항에 있어서,상기 미리 결정된 위치는, 상기 액세스 유닛 내에서, EOB(end of bitstream) NAL 유닛을 제외한 상기 샘플의 모든 NAL 유닛들 다음 위치인미디어 파일 생성 방법.
- 제8항의 미디어 파일 생성 방법에 의해 생성된 미디어 파일을 전송하는 방법.
- 메모리 및 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하는 미디어 파일 생성 장치로서,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는,액세스 유닛을 포함하는 비디오 데이터를 부호화하고,상기 부호화된 비디오 데이터의 EOS(end of sequence) 정보를 포함하는 제1 샘플 그룹을 생성하며,상기 부호화된 비디오 데이터 및 상기 제1 샘플 그룹에 기반하여, 미디어 파일을 생성하되,상기 제1 샘플 그룹은, 하나 이상의 EOS NAL 유닛들 및 상기 EOS NAL 유닛들의 개수에 관한 제1 신택스 요소를 포함하는미디어 파일 생성 장치.
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CN202280028975.8A CN117223290A (zh) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | 用于基于eos样本组生成/接收媒体文件的方法和设备以及用于发送媒体文件的方法 |
KR1020237039407A KR20230175242A (ko) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Eos 샘플 그룹에 기반한 미디어 파일 생성/수신 방법,장치 및 미디어 파일 전송 방법 |
US18/287,527 US20240205409A1 (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Method and device for generating/receiving media file on basis of eos sample group, and method for transmitting media file |
JP2023562298A JP2024513512A (ja) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Eosサンプルグループに基づくメディアファイル生成/受信方法及び装置、並びにメディアファイル伝送方法 |
EP22792006.3A EP4329315A4 (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CREATING/RECEIVING A MEDIA FILE BASED ON AN EOS SAMPLE GROUP AND METHOD FOR SENDING A MEDIA FILE |
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PCT/KR2022/005605 WO2022225306A1 (ko) | 2021-04-19 | 2022-04-19 | Eos 샘플 그룹에 기반한 미디어 파일 생성/수신 방법, 장치 및 미디어 파일 전송 방법 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240205409A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4329315A4 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2024513512A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20230175242A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2022225306A1 (ko) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR20190010557A (ko) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-30 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | Hevc 및 l―hevc 파일 포맷들에서의 타일 그룹화 및 샘플들의 맵핑 |
KR20190013763A (ko) * | 2016-05-23 | 2019-02-11 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 별도의 파일 트랙들에서의 시퀀스 종단 및 비트스트림 종단 nal 유닛들 |
KR102115323B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-16 | 2020-05-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 영상 정보 저장 방법 및 영상 정보 파싱 방법 그리고 이를 이용하는 장치 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-19 KR KR1020237039407A patent/KR20230175242A/ko unknown
- 2022-04-19 EP EP22792006.3A patent/EP4329315A4/en active Pending
- 2022-04-19 JP JP2023562298A patent/JP2024513512A/ja active Pending
- 2022-04-19 WO PCT/KR2022/005605 patent/WO2022225306A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-04-19 US US18/287,527 patent/US20240205409A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR102115323B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-16 | 2020-05-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 영상 정보 저장 방법 및 영상 정보 파싱 방법 그리고 이를 이용하는 장치 |
KR20190013763A (ko) * | 2016-05-23 | 2019-02-11 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 별도의 파일 트랙들에서의 시퀀스 종단 및 비트스트림 종단 nal 유닛들 |
KR20190010557A (ko) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-30 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | Hevc 및 l―hevc 파일 포맷들에서의 타일 그룹화 및 샘플들의 맵핑 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
R. SKUPIN (FRAUNHOFER), Y. SANCHEZ (FRAUNHOFER), K. SUEHRING (FRAUNHOFER), T. SCHIERL (HHI): "AHG9: Miscellaneous cleanups", 131. MPEG MEETING; 20200629 - 20200703; ONLINE; (MOTION PICTURE EXPERT GROUP OR ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11), no. m54182 ; JVET-S0174, 10 June 2020 (2020-06-10), XP030288376 * |
See also references of EP4329315A4 * |
Y.-K. WANG (BYTEDANCE), Z. DENG (BYTEDANCE): "AHG9: On EOS NAL units", 131. MPEG MEETING; 20200629 - 20200703; ONLINE; (MOTION PICTURE EXPERT GROUP OR ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11), no. m54159 ; JVET-S0155, 10 June 2020 (2020-06-10), XP030288330 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240205409A1 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
EP4329315A4 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
KR20230175242A (ko) | 2023-12-29 |
EP4329315A1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
JP2024513512A (ja) | 2024-03-25 |
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