WO2022224850A1 - Procédé de commande de batterie nickel-zinc et système d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de commande de batterie nickel-zinc et système d'alimentation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022224850A1
WO2022224850A1 PCT/JP2022/017422 JP2022017422W WO2022224850A1 WO 2022224850 A1 WO2022224850 A1 WO 2022224850A1 JP 2022017422 W JP2022017422 W JP 2022017422W WO 2022224850 A1 WO2022224850 A1 WO 2022224850A1
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Prior art keywords
nickel
zinc battery
voltage
charging
constant
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PCT/JP2022/017422
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
孟光 大沼
真代 堀川
真也 水杉
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昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社
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Publication of WO2022224850A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022224850A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a nickel-zinc battery control method and power supply system.
  • This application claims priority based on Japanese Application No. 2021-070903 filed on April 20, 2021, and incorporates all the descriptions described in the Japanese Application.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a charging method for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a carbon material capable of doping lithium ions and dedoping lithium ions for the negative electrode.
  • the charging voltage is set according to the battery temperature at the start of charging, and constant voltage charging is performed at that charging voltage.
  • Nickel-zinc batteries are attracting attention as secondary batteries used in power supply systems.
  • a nickel-zinc battery is a water-based battery that uses an aqueous electrolyte such as an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, and is therefore highly safe.
  • the nickel-zinc battery has a high electromotive force as an aqueous battery due to the combination of the zinc electrode and the nickel electrode.
  • nickel-zinc batteries have the advantage of low cost in addition to excellent input/output performance.
  • Nickel-zinc batteries can be used, for example, as auxiliary batteries or auxiliaries in electric or hybrid vehicles.
  • Nickel-zinc batteries have the property that after repeated charging and discharging, they gradually deteriorate and cannot maintain their initial performance. Therefore, it is desired to extend the life of the nickel-zinc battery by slowing down the pace of deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a control method for a nickel-zinc battery and a power supply system including the nickel-zinc battery, which can suppress deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery and extend the battery life.
  • a nickel-zinc battery control method includes a constant voltage charging step of charging the nickel-zinc battery with a predetermined voltage value.
  • the predetermined voltage value is 1.93 V or higher and 1.95 V or lower per single cell.
  • a power supply system includes a nickel-zinc battery and a controller that controls charging and discharging of the nickel-zinc battery. The controller performs a constant voltage charging operation for charging the nickel-zinc battery with a predetermined voltage value.
  • the predetermined voltage value is 1.93 V or higher and 1.95 V or lower per single cell.
  • the charging voltage was 1.93 V or higher per unit cell
  • short-circuiting due to dendrites did not occur within the same period, and the battery life of the nickel-zinc battery could be extended. That is, since the charging voltage is 1.93 V or more per single cell, deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery can be suppressed and the battery life can be extended.
  • the charging voltage is higher than 1.95V per single cell, the nickel-zinc battery is likely to be overcharged. Nickel-zinc batteries deteriorate prematurely due to repeated overcharging. Therefore, by setting the charging voltage to 1.95 V or less per single cell, deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery can be suppressed and the battery life can be extended.
  • a predetermined voltage value per single cell is obtained by dividing the voltage value across the series circuit by the number of cells connected in series. It may be a value obtained by
  • the above control method may further include a constant current charging step of charging the nickel-zinc battery with a predetermined current value. After the terminal voltage of the nickel-zinc battery reaches the threshold voltage in the constant-current charging step, the constant-voltage charging step may be performed.
  • the control unit may perform a constant current charging operation for charging the nickel-zinc battery with a predetermined current value. Then, the control unit may shift to the constant voltage charging operation after the terminal voltage of the nickel-zinc battery reaches the threshold voltage in the constant current charging operation.
  • the threshold voltage may be greater than or equal to 1.93V and less than or equal to 1.95V per cell.
  • the threshold voltage of 1.93 V or more per unit cell when shifting from constant-current charging to constant-voltage charging, deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery such as short circuit due to dendrites is suppressed, and the battery life is extended. can be done.
  • the threshold voltage By setting the threshold voltage to 1.95 V or less per unit cell when shifting from constant-current charging to constant-voltage charging, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery due to overcharging and extend the battery life.
  • the constant current charging step or constant current charging operation it may be continuously checked whether the voltage across the terminals of the nickel-zinc battery has reached the threshold voltage.
  • the current value in the constant current charging step or constant current charging operation may be within the range of 0.1C to 10C. .
  • the present disclosure it is possible to provide a nickel-zinc battery control method and a power supply system capable of suppressing deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery and extending the battery life.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power supply system according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of a computer.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a control method for a zinc battery according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing experimental results, showing the relationship between charging voltage and charging rate at 75 cycles.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing experimental results, showing the relationship between the number of cycles and the capacity retention rate.
  • FIG. 6 is an electron microscope (SEM) photograph showing the deposition state of zinc on the negative electrode of the nickel-zinc battery cell used in the experiment after 75 cycles.
  • FIG. 7 is an SEM photograph showing the deposition state of zinc on the negative electrode of the nickel-zinc battery cell used in the experiment after 75 cycles.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an example configuration of a power supply system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the power supply system 1 is used, for example, as an auxiliary battery for an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the object to which the power supply system 1 is applied is not limited to mobile objects, and the power supply system 1 can also be applied to fixed objects.
  • the power supply system 1 can be used in various places such as homes, offices, factories, farms, etc. as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
  • UPS uninterruptible power supply
  • the power supply system 1 includes a nickel-zinc battery 2, a control section 3, and a charge/discharge control circuit 4.
  • Nickel-zinc battery 2 has a positive terminal 2a and a negative terminal 2b.
  • Nickel-zinc battery 2 may include a plurality of cells connected in series between positive terminal 2a and negative terminal 2b.
  • the negative terminal 2b is connected to the ground wiring of the power supply system 1 .
  • the charge/discharge control circuit 4 has a charge control circuit 41 and a discharge control circuit 42 .
  • An input terminal of the charging control circuit 41 is electrically connected to a power supply outside the power supply system 1 via power supply wiring, and receives power supply power Pin from the power supply wiring.
  • the power supply voltage Pin is, for example, +12V.
  • An output terminal of the charging control circuit 41 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 2 a of the nickel-zinc battery 2 .
  • the charging control circuit 41 receives a charging instruction from the control unit 3, it applies a charging voltage to the positive terminal 2a of the nickel-zinc battery 2 and supplies a charging current Jc.
  • the input terminal of the discharge control circuit 42 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 2a of the nickel-zinc battery 2.
  • An output end of the discharge control circuit 42 is electrically connected to a power load such as an on-vehicle device outside the power supply system 1 .
  • the discharge control circuit 42 receives a discharge instruction from the control unit 3, the discharge control circuit 42 receives the discharge current Jd from the positive terminal 2a of the nickel-zinc battery 2 and supplies the discharge current Jd to the power load as the output power Pout.
  • the control unit 3 has a computer 31, a power supply unit 32, a voltage dividing unit 34, and a reference voltage generating circuit 36.
  • the control unit 3 is constructed by accommodating these components in one package.
  • the control unit 3 has a plurality of terminals 3a to 3e for signal input/output with the outside of the control unit 3 in the package.
  • the computer 31 is a computer that controls charging and discharging of the nickel-zinc battery 2, such as a microcomputer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of the computer 31.
  • computer 31 has processor 311 , memory 312 , and analog/digital (A/D) conversion circuitry 313 .
  • the processor 311 , memory 312 and A/D conversion circuit 313 are interconnected via a data bus 314 .
  • the processor 311 is, for example, a CPU
  • the memory 312 is, for example, a flash memory.
  • Each function of the computer 31 is implemented by the processor 311 executing programs stored in the memory 312 .
  • the processor 311 executes a predetermined operation on data read from the memory 312 or data received via a communication terminal.
  • the processor 311 controls other devices by outputting the calculation results to the other devices.
  • the processor 311 stores the received data or the calculation result in the memory 312 .
  • the computer 31 may be composed of one computer, or may be composed of a collection of a plurality of computers, that is, a distributed system.
  • the hardware configuration of the control unit 3 is not limited to a computer, and any circuit having similar functions may be selected.
  • the computer 31 has first and second signal input/output terminals, in other words, I/O ports.
  • the first signal input/output terminal is electrically connected to the control terminal of the charging control circuit 41 via the terminal 3 a of the control section 3 .
  • the second signal input/output terminal is electrically connected to the control terminal of the discharge control circuit 42 via the terminal 3b of the control section 3.
  • FIG. The computer 31 controls operations of the charge control circuit 41 and the discharge control circuit 42 by outputting control signals from these signal input/output terminals.
  • the power supply unit 32 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 2a of the nickel-zinc battery 2 via the terminal 3c of the control unit 3. Power supply unit 32 receives terminal voltage Va of nickel-zinc battery 2 as a power supply voltage for driving control unit 3 .
  • the power supply unit 32 receives an activation signal S1 from the outside of the power supply system 1 via the terminal 3d of the control unit 3 .
  • the power supply unit 32 starts voltage conversion according to the state of the activation signal S1.
  • the power supply unit 32 supplies the power supply terminal of the computer 31 with the power supply voltage Vs1 converted from the inter-terminal voltage Va of the nickel-zinc battery 2 .
  • a ground terminal of the computer 31 is electrically connected to a negative terminal 2b of the nickel-zinc battery 2 via a terminal 3e of the control section 3 .
  • the ground terminal of the computer 31 is at the same potential as the negative terminal 2b of the nickel-zinc battery 2, that is, the ground potential.
  • the voltage dividing section 34 is provided to divide the terminal voltage Va of the nickel-zinc battery 2 .
  • the voltage divider 34 has resistors 341 and 342 connected in series. One end of the series circuit composed of resistors 341 and 342 is electrically connected to positive terminal 2a of nickel-zinc battery 2 via terminal 3c. The other end of the series circuit is electrically connected to the negative terminal 2b of the nickel-zinc battery 2 via the terminal 3e of the control section 3.
  • a voltage signal Sa obtained by dividing the inter-terminal voltage Va according to the resistance ratio of the resistors 341 and 342 is generated at the node between the resistors 341 and 342 .
  • the voltage signal Sa is input to an analog input terminal of the computer 31 .
  • the voltage signal Sa is converted into a digital signal by an A/D conversion circuit 313 built in the computer 31 .
  • the computer 31 can know the magnitude of the inter-terminal voltage Va based on the magnitude of this voltage signal Sa.
  • the reference voltage generation circuit 36 is a reference voltage source IC that generates the reference voltage Vref.
  • a reference voltage Vref generated by the reference voltage generation circuit 36 is input to an analog input terminal of the computer 31 and converted into a digital signal by an A/D conversion circuit 313 incorporated in the computer 31 .
  • This digital signal is used as a reference voltage for the analog signal input to the computer 31, that is, the voltage signal Sa.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a control method for a zinc battery according to this embodiment.
  • the power supply unit 32 receives the activation signal S1 from the outside of the power supply system 1, the power supply unit 32 starts generating the power supply voltage Vs1. As a result, the computer 31 starts operating (step ST1).
  • the computer 31 receives a signal indicating a charging instruction from the outside of the power supply system 1 through a communication circuit or the like, the computer 31 transmits a control signal to the charging control circuit 41 to start the charging operation of the charging control circuit 41 ( charging step ST2).
  • the computer 31 controls the charging control circuit 41 so as to perform a constant current charging operation for charging the nickel-zinc battery 2 with a predetermined current value (constant current charging step ST21).
  • the current value for constant current charging is, for example, in the range of 0.1C to 10C, and in one embodiment is 0.3C. In this specification, 1C is defined as the magnitude of the current that completely discharges the theoretical capacity of the battery in 1 hour.
  • the computer 31 continues to check whether or not the terminal voltage Va of the nickel-zinc battery 2 reaches the threshold voltage (determination step ST22).
  • the voltage value of the threshold voltage is 1.93 V or more and 1.95 V or less per single cell.
  • the computer 31 starts constant-voltage charging to charge the nickel-zinc battery 2 with a predetermined voltage value.
  • the charging control circuit 41 is controlled so as to shift (constant voltage charging step ST23).
  • the voltage value in constant voltage charging is 1.93 V or higher and 1.95 V or lower per single cell.
  • the computer 31 terminates the constant voltage charging step ST23 when a predetermined condition is satisfied.
  • the voltage value per single cell refers to the voltage value per cell of one nickel-zinc battery.
  • the voltage value per unit cell is obtained by dividing the voltage value across the series circuit by the number of cells connected in series. That is, when the voltage value is 1.95 V per unit cell, in a configuration in which N cells (N is an integer of 2 or more) are connected in series, the voltage value across the series circuit is 1.95 ⁇ N(V).
  • step ST2 when the computer 31 receives a signal indicating a discharge instruction from the outside of the power supply system 1 through a communication circuit or the like, the computer 31 transmits a control signal to the discharge control circuit 42 to cause the discharge control circuit 42 to perform a discharge operation. (discharge step ST3). Thereafter, the charging step ST2 and the discharging step ST3 are repeated until the operation of the power supply system 1 is finished (step ST4).
  • the nickel-zinc battery 2 has the property that it gradually deteriorates after repeated charging and discharging, and the initial performance cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is desired to extend the life of the nickel-zinc battery 2 by slowing down the pace of deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 .
  • One of them is that the zinc deposited during repeated charging and discharging adheres to the electrode and grows to form a dendrite, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected via this dendrite. There is a phenomenon called short circuit. The faster the dendrite grows, the shorter the life of the nickel-zinc battery 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between charging voltage and charging rate at 75 cycles.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 indicates the charging voltage (unit: V), and the vertical axis of FIG. 4 indicates the charging rate (unit: %).
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of cycles and the capacity retention rate. The horizontal axis in FIG. 5 indicates the number of cycles, and the vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates the capacity retention rate (unit: %).
  • plot P1 shows the case where the charging voltage is 1.85V.
  • Plot P2 shows the case where the charging voltage is 1.88V.
  • Plot P3 shows the case where the charging voltage is 1.90V.
  • Plot P4 shows the case where the charging voltage is 1.93V.
  • Plot P5 shows the case where the charging voltage is 1.95V.
  • the charging voltage in the constant voltage charging step ST23 is set to 1.93 V or higher per single cell, the deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 can be suppressed and the battery life can be extended. If the charging voltage in the constant voltage charging step ST23 is higher than 1.95 V per single cell, the nickel-zinc battery 2 is likely to be overcharged. Repeated overcharging causes the nickel-zinc battery 2 to deteriorate prematurely. Therefore, by setting the charging voltage in the constant voltage charging step ST23 to 1.95 V or less per single cell, deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 can be suppressed and the battery life can be extended.
  • 6 and 7 are electron microscope (SEM) photographs showing the deposition state of zinc on the negative electrode of the nickel-zinc battery cell used in the experiment after 75 cycles.
  • 6 shows a cell with a charging voltage of 1.90V
  • FIG. 7 shows a cell with a charging voltage of 1.95V.
  • Fig. 7 shows a charging voltage of 1.95V
  • Fig. 7 shows a charging voltage of 1.95V
  • Fig. 7 shows a charging voltage of 1.90 V
  • more zinc is deposited and needle-like dendrites grow larger.
  • the short circuit described above is caused by the growth of dendrites due to the deposition of a large amount of zinc.
  • the threshold voltage when shifting from the constant current charging step ST21 (constant current charging operation) to the constant voltage charging step ST23 (constant voltage charging operation) is 1.93 V or more per cell; It may be 95V or less.
  • the threshold voltage is 1.93 V or higher when shifting from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 such as short circuit due to dendrites and extend the battery life.
  • the threshold voltage By setting the threshold voltage at 1.95 V or less when shifting from constant-current charging to constant-voltage charging, deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 due to overcharging can be suppressed, and the battery life can be extended.
  • control method and power supply system for a zinc battery according to the present invention are not limited to the examples of the above-described embodiments, but are indicated by the claims, and all Modifications are intended to be included.
  • constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging are performed when charging the nickel-zinc battery 2 . It is not limited to this, and only constant voltage charging may be performed. Even in that case, by setting the charging voltage of the constant voltage charge to 1.93 V or more and 1.95 V or less, the deterioration of the nickel-zinc battery 2 can be suppressed and the battery life can be extended.
  • SYMBOLS 1 Power supply system, 2... Nickel-zinc battery, 2a... Positive terminal, 2b... Negative side terminal, 3... Control part, 3a-3e... Terminal, 4... Charge/discharge control circuit, 31... Computer, 32... Power supply part, 34... Voltage divider 36... Reference voltage generation circuit 41... Charge control circuit 42... Discharge control circuit 311... Processor 312... Memory 313... A/D conversion circuit 314... Data bus 341, 342... Resistance, Jc... charging current, Jd... discharging current, Pin... power source power, Pout... output power, S1... starting signal, Sa... voltage signal, Va... voltage between terminals, Vref... reference voltage, Vs1... power supply voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Ce procédé de commande de batterie nickel-zinc comprend une étape de charge à tension constante pour charger une batterie nickel-zinc à une valeur de tension prédéterminée. La valeur de tension prédéterminée est de 1,93 V à 1,95 V, inclus, par cellule unitaire. Le procédé de commande de batterie nickel-zinc comprend en outre une étape de charge à courant constant pour charger la batterie nickel-zinc à une valeur de courant prédéterminée et peut passer à l'étape de charge à tension constante après que la tension inter-bornes de la cellule unitaire de la batterie nickel-zinc a atteint une tension seuil dans l'étape de charge à courant constant. Dans ce cas, la tension de seuil est de 1,93 V à 1,95 V, inclus, par cellule unitaire.
PCT/JP2022/017422 2021-04-20 2022-04-08 Procédé de commande de batterie nickel-zinc et système d'alimentation électrique WO2022224850A1 (fr)

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JP2021-070903 2021-04-20
JP2021070903A JP2024112323A (ja) 2021-04-20 2021-04-20 ニッケル亜鉛電池の制御方法および電源システム

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WO2022224850A1 true WO2022224850A1 (fr) 2022-10-27

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010504729A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2010-02-12 パワージェニックス システムズ， インコーポレーテッド ニッケル・亜鉛バッテリーパックの充電方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010504729A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2010-02-12 パワージェニックス システムズ， インコーポレーテッド ニッケル・亜鉛バッテリーパックの充電方法

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