WO2022224074A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents
表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022224074A1 WO2022224074A1 PCT/IB2022/053350 IB2022053350W WO2022224074A1 WO 2022224074 A1 WO2022224074 A1 WO 2022224074A1 IB 2022053350 W IB2022053350 W IB 2022053350W WO 2022224074 A1 WO2022224074 A1 WO 2022224074A1
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- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- layer
- light
- oxide
- display device
- Prior art date
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display device. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for driving a display device. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a driving method of a semiconductor device. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a circuit driving method.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input/output devices, pixels, and pixel circuits. , circuits, methods of driving them or methods of manufacturing them.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- Devices that require high-definition display panels include, for example, smartphones, tablet terminals, and notebook computers.
- stationary display devices such as television devices and monitor devices are also required to have higher definition accompanying higher resolution.
- devices that require the highest definition include, for example, devices for virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR).
- VR virtual reality
- AR augmented reality
- Display devices that can be applied to display panels typically include liquid crystal display devices, organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements, and light emitting devices equipped with light emitting elements such as light emitting diodes (LEDs). Examples include electronic paper that performs display by a migration method or the like.
- the basic structure of an organic EL device is to sandwich a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this device, light can be obtained from the light-emitting organic compound.
- a display device to which such an organic EL element is applied does not require a backlight, which is required in a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- Patent Document 1 describes an example of a display device using an organic EL element.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a display device for VR using an organic EL device.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a pixel circuit having a thin film transistor using polycrystalline silicon and a thin film transistor using oxide.
- Non-Patent Document 2 also describes driving pixel circuits at various refresh rates of a display.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high display quality.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with low power consumption.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with favorable electrical characteristics.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with stable electrical characteristics.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with low power consumption.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device including different transistors over the same substrate.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel semiconductor device.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a light-emitting element.
- the light emitting element is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the first transistor
- the other of the source and drain of the first transistor is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the second transistor
- the second transistor is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the third transistor
- the semiconductor layer of the second transistor comprises indium, zinc and an element M, where the element M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin , one or more selected from silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt,
- the semiconductor layer of the third transistor contains indium, zinc, and the element M
- the semiconductor layer of the second transistor has
- the other of the source and drain of the third transistor is electrically connected to the other of the source and drain of the second transistor, and the semiconductor layer of the second transistor includes indium, zinc, and the number of atoms of the element M
- the ratio of the number of atoms of indium to the total is higher than that of the semiconductor layer of the third transistor.
- the semiconductor layer of the third transistor preferably has a higher ratio of the number of atoms of the element M to the total number of atoms of indium, zinc, and the element M than that of the semiconductor layer of the second transistor.
- the ratio of the number of atoms of the element M to the number of atoms of the metal element contained in the semiconductor layer of the third transistor is preferably 20 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less.
- the above configuration includes a fourth transistor, a fifth transistor, a first wiring, a capacitor, and a driver circuit, and one of the source and the drain of the fourth transistor corresponds to the source and the drain of the second transistor.
- One of the source and drain of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the other of the source and drain of the second transistor, and the other of the source and drain of the fourth transistor is connected to the first wiring.
- a first electrode of the capacitor electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the first transistor; a second electrode of the capacitor electrically connected to the gate of the second transistor;
- the wiring preferably has a function of providing the video signal output from the drive circuit to the other of the source and drain of the fourth transistor.
- a function of writing a potential to the gate of the second transistor is provided by turning on the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor and turning off the first transistor and the fifth transistor. It is preferable that a function of holding the written potential be provided by turning off the third transistor and the fourth transistor after the potential is written.
- a function of writing a potential to the gate of the second transistor is provided by turning on the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor and turning off the first transistor and the fifth transistor. After the potential is written, the third transistor and the fourth transistor are turned off to have a function of holding the written potential. and the fifth transistor are turned on to supply current to the light-emitting element and control the amount of light emitted by the light-emitting element.
- a display device with high display quality can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a highly reliable display device can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device with low power consumption can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with favorable electrical characteristics can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with stable electrical characteristics can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor device having different transistors over the same substrate can be provided. Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing configuration examples of pixels.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel.
- FIG. 3A is a timing chart illustrating an example of pixel operation.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a pixel;
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a pixel;
- 5A and 5B are diagrams showing configuration examples of pixels.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device.
- 7A and 7B are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device.
- 8A to 8E are diagrams showing examples of pixel arrangement.
- FIG. 9A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device; 10A to 10C are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices. 11A and 11B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices. 13A to 13F are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 15A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device;
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a transistor;
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 18A to 18F are diagrams showing configuration examples of light emitting devices.
- 19A and 19B are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 20A to 20D are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 21A to 21F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 22A and 22B show the Id-Vg characteristics of the transistor.
- 23A and 23B show the Id-Vg characteristics of the transistor.
- a transistor is a type of semiconductor device, and can achieve functions such as amplifying current or voltage, and switching operations that control conduction or non-conduction.
- the transistor in this specification includes an IGFET (Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor) and a thin film transistor (TFT: Thin Film Transistor).
- source and drain may be interchanged, such as when employing transistors of different polarities or when the direction of current flow changes in circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification, the terms “source” and “drain” can be used interchangeably.
- either the source or the drain of a transistor may be called a "first electrode”, and the other of the source or the drain may be called a “second electrode”.
- a gate is also called a “gate” or a “gate electrode”.
- a first terminal and a second terminal of a transistor refer to, for example, one and the other of a source and a drain of a transistor, respectively.
- electrically connected includes the case of being connected via "something that has some electrical action”.
- something that has some kind of electrical action is not particularly limited as long as it enables transmission and reception of electrical signals between connection objects.
- something having some electrical action includes electrodes or wiring, switching elements such as transistors, resistance elements, coils, capacitive elements, and other elements having various functions.
- film and “layer” can be used interchangeably.
- conductive layer or “insulating layer” may be interchangeable with the terms “conductive film” or “insulating film.”
- an EL layer is a layer provided between a pair of electrodes of a light-emitting device (also referred to as a light-emitting element) and containing at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting layer), or a laminate including a light-emitting layer. shall be shown.
- a display panel which is one aspect of a display device, has a function of displaying (outputting) an image or the like on a display surface. Therefore, the display panel is one aspect of the output device.
- the substrate of the display panel is attached with a connector such as FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or TCP (Tape Carrier Package), or an IC is mounted on the substrate by the COG (Chip On Glass) method, etc.
- a connector such as FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) or TCP (Tape Carrier Package)
- COG Chip On Glass
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can suppress variation in current in a pixel circuit included in each pixel, and can achieve excellent display quality. Further, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can reduce power consumption and achieve excellent display quality, particularly in the case of displaying an image on the display portion with a low frame frequency.
- a low frame frequency is, for example, 3 Hz or less, preferably 1 Hz or less, more preferably 0.1 Hz or less, and even more preferably 0.01 Hz or less.
- a high frame frequency is, for example, a frequency of 30 Hz or higher.
- an OS transistor When a transistor using an oxide semiconductor for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor) is used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit, charge written to each node can be retained for a long period of time.
- the frame frequency When displaying a still image that does not need to be rewritten for each frame at a high frequency, the frame frequency should be lowered, and after a signal corresponding to the image data is written to the pixel circuit, the operation of the peripheral driver circuit should be stopped. can be done.
- Such a driving method for stopping the operation of the peripheral driving circuit during display of a still image is also called "idling stop driving". Power consumption of the display device can be reduced by performing idling stop driving.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a variable refresh rate.
- the power consumption can be reduced by adjusting the refresh rate (for example, in the range of 0.01 Hz to 240 Hz) according to the content displayed on the display device.
- driving that reduces the power consumption of the display device by driving with a reduced refresh rate may be referred to as idling stop (IDS) driving.
- IDS idling stop
- the drive frequency of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor may be changed according to the refresh rate. For example, when the refresh rate of the display device is 120 Hz, the driving frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor can be higher than 120 Hz (typically 240 Hz). With this structure, low power consumption can be achieved and the response speed of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor can be increased.
- the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device.
- the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can reduce the change in the current between the source and the drain with respect to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source compared to the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a drive transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. can be controlled. Therefore, the number of gradations in the pixel circuit can be increased.
- the OS transistor flows a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. be able to. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even if the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting device including the EL material are varied. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
- an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, it is possible to suppress black floating, increase emission luminance, provide multiple gradations, and suppress variations in light emitting devices. can be planned.
- FIG. 1A shows an example of a pixel Px of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the pixel Px has a pixel circuit 51 and a light emitting element EL1.
- the pixel circuit 51 has transistors Tr1 to Tr6 and a capacitor C1.
- the pixel Px is electrically connected to the wiring Vdata, the wiring Vdd, the wiring Vss, the wiring Vini, the wiring Vscan1, the wiring Vscan2, the wiring Vem1, and the wiring Vem2.
- the transistors Tr1 to Tr6 are n-channel field effect transistors. Further, the transistors Tr1 to Tr6 are preferably enhancement type (normally-off type) n-channel field effect transistors. Therefore, its threshold voltage (also referred to as “Vth”) is preferably higher than 0V.
- the light emitting element EL1 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vss and a second electrode electrically connected to the transistor Tr5.
- the transistor Tr5 has a first terminal electrically connected to the light emitting element EL1, a second terminal electrically connected to the transistors Tr2 and Tr1, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vem1.
- the first terminal and the second terminal of the transistor refer to, for example, one and the other of the source and drain of the transistor, respectively.
- the transistor Tr5 has a function as a switch that controls whether or not to pass current through the light emitting element EL1.
- the transistor Tr6 has a first terminal electrically connected to the light emitting element EL1, a second terminal electrically connected to the wiring Vini, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vscan1.
- the capacitor C1 has a first electrode electrically connected to the light emitting element EL1 and a second electrode electrically connected to the gate of the transistor Tr2.
- the node ND1 is a node electrically connected to the second electrode of the light emitting element EL1, the first terminal of the transistor Tr5, the first terminal of the transistor Tr6, and the first electrode of the capacitor C1.
- the transistor Tr2 has a first terminal electrically connected to the transistor Tr5, a second terminal electrically connected to the transistors Tr3 and Tr4, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the capacitor C1. .
- the transistor Tr1 has a first terminal electrically connected to the transistors Tr2 and Tr5, a second terminal electrically connected to the wiring Vdata, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vscan2. .
- the node ND3 is a node electrically connected to the second terminal of the transistor Tr5, the first terminal of the transistor Tr2, and the second terminal of the transistor Tr1.
- the transistor Tr3 has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a gate electrode.
- a gate electrode of the transistor Tr3 and the wiring Vscan1 are electrically connected.
- a first terminal of the transistor Tr3 is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor Tr2, and a second terminal of the transistor Tr3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the transistor Tr2. Therefore, by turning on the transistor Tr3, the gate electrode of the transistor Tr2 and the second terminal can be electrically connected.
- node ND2 is a node electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor Tr2, the second electrode of the capacitor C1, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr3.
- the transistor Tr4 has a first terminal electrically connected to the transistors Tr2 and Tr3, a second terminal electrically connected to the wiring Vdd, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vem2. .
- the second terminal of the transistor Tr2, the second terminal of the transistor Tr3, and the first terminal of the transistor Tr4 are electrically connected.
- the transistor Tr2 functions as a current control transistor for the light emitting element EL1. That is, the transistor Tr2 has a function of controlling the light emission amount of the light emitting element EL1. Therefore, the transistor Tr2 may be called a driving transistor.
- the display quality of the display device can be improved even at a low frame frequency by using a transistor with extremely small hysteresis as the transistor Tr2.
- the voltage stress between the gate and source of the transistor changes the threshold value of the transistor.
- the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 may fluctuate during the period when current flows through the light emitting element EL1.
- the period from writing image data to the pixel to the next frame is long. The change in luminance of is easily visible to the user of the display device.
- the OS transistor has extremely small hysteresis. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor in the pixel circuit of one embodiment of the present invention, change in luminance of the light-emitting element EL1 can be suppressed. In the pixel circuit of one embodiment of the present invention, by using an OS transistor as a driving transistor, variation in the value of current flowing through the light-emitting element EL1 can be suppressed, and display quality of the display device can be improved even at a low frame frequency. .
- One of the transistors included in the pixel circuit of one embodiment of the present invention has a hysteresis of preferably 0.1 V or less when reciprocating scanning is performed with Vg ranging from ⁇ 15 V to +20 V in Id ⁇ Vg measurement. It is more preferably 0.05 V or less.
- Vd in the Id-Vg measurement is, for example, 0.01 V or more and 10 V or less.
- the measurement interval of Vg in the measurement may be, for example, 0.1V.
- a hold period of, for example, one second or less may be provided at each measurement point of Vg.
- Id is the source-drain current
- Vd is the source-drain voltage
- Vg is the source-gate voltage.
- a transistor used for measurement has a channel length of, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the transistor used for measurement has a channel width of, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the OS transistor has a high withstand voltage between the source and the drain.
- an OS transistor as a transistor forming the pixel circuit 51, even when a potential difference between the wiring Vdd and the wiring Vss of the light emitting element EL1 is large, the operation is stable and a highly reliable display device can be realized.
- an OS transistor with a high withstand voltage between the source and the drain as the transistor Tr2 the current of the light-emitting element EL1 can be accurately controlled even when the display device is used for a long time, which is preferable.
- the wiring Vdata has a function of providing a signal Vdata_1 corresponding to a video signal to the transistor Tr1.
- the wiring Vdata is sometimes called a source line.
- the pixel circuit 51 has a function of turning on the transistors Tr1, Tr2, and Tr3 to apply a signal obtained by performing correction processing to the signal Vdata_1 to the node ND2.
- the correction process can suppress the influence of the variation in the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 on the current flowing through the light emitting element EL1.
- the pixel circuit 51 can be expressed as having a function of applying to the node ND2 a potential in which the influence of threshold variation of the transistor Tr2 is canceled.
- the variation in the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 refers to, for example, variation in the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 of each pixel circuit 51 among a plurality of pixel circuits.
- the pixel circuit 51 has a function of holding the potential applied to the node ND2 by turning off the transistor Tr3.
- An oxide semiconductor used for a channel formation region of an OS transistor has a bandgap of 2 eV or more and thus has extremely low off-state current.
- leakage current in an off state can be kept extremely low, so that fluctuation in the potential of the signal supplied to the node ND2 can be extremely small.
- the frame frequency of image display on the display unit When the frame frequency of image display on the display unit is low, the period from writing image data to the pixel circuit until the next frame is long. growing. Therefore, when the frame frequency is low, it is particularly preferable to use a transistor with a small off-leak current as the transistor Tr3.
- the transistor Tr1 can be turned off until the next frame. By turning off the transistor Tr1, the current flowing through the wiring Vdata in the pixel circuit 51 can be blocked, and the power consumption of the pixel circuit 51 and the power consumption of a circuit that supplies a signal to the wiring Vdata can be reduced. can.
- the transistor Tr6 can be turned off until the next frame. By turning off the transistor Tr6, the current flowing through the wiring Vini can be blocked, and the power consumption of the pixel circuit 51 and the power consumption of a circuit that supplies a signal to the wiring Vini can be reduced.
- Each transistor included in the pixel circuit 51 may have a back gate.
- the OS transistor preferably has a back gate.
- FIG. 1B shows an example in which the transistor has a back gate.
- the back gate can be given the same signal as the gate.
- the backgate can be given the same signal as the source or drain. By applying a signal to the back gate, for example, the threshold of the transistor can be controlled.
- the back gate of the transistor may be electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor.
- the back gates of the transistors Tr4 and Tr5 are electrically connected to one of the source and the drain, respectively.
- an OS transistor has extremely high field effect mobility compared to amorphous silicon.
- an OS transistor has extremely low source-drain leakage current (hereinafter also referred to as an off-state current) in an off state, and can retain charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. is possible. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- the off-current value of the OS transistor per 1 ⁇ m channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A) or less, 1 zA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 A) or less, or 1 yA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 A) or less.
- the off current value per 1 ⁇ m of channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 A) or more and 1 pA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 A). ) below. Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of the OS transistor is about ten digits lower than the off-state current of the Si transistor.
- the off current of the OS transistor hardly increases even in a high temperature environment. Specifically, the off-state current hardly increases even under an environmental temperature of room temperature or higher and 200° C. or lower. Also, the on-current is less likely to decrease even in a high-temperature environment.
- a display device including an OS transistor operates stably even in a high-temperature environment, and has high reliability.
- the silicon included in the Si transistor includes amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon (for example, polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon).
- the light-emitting element EL1 preferably uses an EL device such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
- an EL device such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
- Examples of light-emitting substances that EL devices have include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescence materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed Fluorescence (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: TADF) material).
- TADF material a material in which a singlet excited state and a triplet excited state are in thermal equilibrium may be used.
- the light-emitting element EL1 is not limited to this, and an inorganic EL element containing an inorganic material, a light-emitting diode, or the like may be used.
- An LED such as a micro LED (Light Emitting Diode) can also be used as the light emitting device.
- FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B an example of the operation of the pixel Px shown in FIG. 1A is shown using FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B. Further, in the following operation examples, the potentials of the node ND1, the node ND2, and the node ND3 are sometimes indicated as potential VND1 , potential VND2 , and potential VND3 in FIGS. 3B, 4A, and 4B, respectively.
- FIG. 3A is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the pixel Px.
- all the transistors forming a pixel are n-channel transistors. However, the following description is applicable.
- the transistors Tr1 and Tr5 are off.
- the transistor Tr6 is turned on, and the node ND1 is supplied with the potential Vi_1 from the wiring Vini (FIG. 3B).
- the transistors Tr3 and Tr4 are turned on, and the node ND2 is supplied with the potential Vd_1 from the wiring Vdd (FIG. 3B).
- the transistor Tr4 is turned off. Also, the transistor Tr5 continues to be kept off.
- the transistor Tr6 continues to remain on, and the potential Vi_1 is held at the node ND1 (FIG. 4A).
- the transistor Tr1 is turned on, and the potential Va_1 is applied from the wiring Vdata to the node ND3 through the transistor Tr1 (FIG. 4A).
- the transistor Tr3 continues to remain on. Further, since the potential Vd_1 is applied to the node ND2, the transistor Tr2 is also kept on.
- the potential of the node ND2 changes as the potential of the node ND3 changes, and the sum of the potential of the node ND3 (potential Va_1) and the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 (potential Vt) (potential (Va_1+Vt )) is given (Fig. 4A).
- the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 is obtained, and a potential corresponding to the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 is applied between the gate and source of the transistor Tr2. Threshold variation can be corrected. Note that the operation of acquiring the threshold value of the transistor Tr2 may be called “threshold compensation operation”.
- the transistor Tr1 is turned off, and the node ND3 is electrically cut off from the wiring Vdata.
- the transistor Tr6 is turned off, and the node ND1 is electrically cut off from the wiring Vini.
- the transistor Tr3 is turned off, and the potential of the node ND2 is held.
- the transistors Tr4, Tr2, and Tr5 are turned on, and current flows through the light emitting element EL1 (FIG. 4B). Note that the channel lengths, channel widths, and gate insulating film materials and thicknesses of the transistors Tr2, Tr4, and Tr5 are controlled so that the current flowing through the light emitting element EL1 is mainly controlled according to the current driving capability of the transistor Tr2. Then, the material used for the channel formation region, etc. may be determined.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention corrects variation in threshold voltage of the transistor Tr2 in each of the plurality of pixels included in the display portion; display quality can be realized.
- the light-emitting element EL1 can keep lighting up during one frame period.
- a driving method is also called “hold type” or “hold type driving”.
- the hold-type drive tends to cause afterimages and image blurring in moving image display.
- the resolution that people feel when displaying a moving image is also called "moving image resolution”. In other words, the hold-type drive tends to lower the moving image resolution.
- black insertion drive is known to improve afterimages and blurring of images in moving image display.
- the “black insertion drive” is also called “pseudo-impulse type” or “pseudo-impulse type drive”.
- Black insertion driving is a driving method in which black is inserted every other frame, or black display is performed for a certain period of time in one frame.
- the transistor Tr5 By applying a low potential signal to the wiring Vem1 electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor Tr5, the transistor Tr5 can be turned off. By turning off the transistor Tr5, the current of the light emitting element EL1 is stopped, and black insertion can be performed.
- the frame frequency is 1 Hz.
- a high potential signal and a low potential signal at a frequency higher than 1 Hz for example, 60 Hz here
- a period of 60 Hz is generated within one frame period.
- black insertion driving at a high frequency even when the frame frequency is low and the period of one frame is long, it is possible to make it difficult to visually recognize the change in luminance within the period of one frame.
- the transistor Tr2 when an OS transistor is used as the transistor Tr2, the hysteresis of the transistor Tr2 is extremely small, and when the frame frequency is low as in still image display, a change in luminance can be kept small. Therefore, the transistor Tr5 is used. In some cases, excellent display quality can be achieved without high-speed black insertion driving. Therefore, during a period in which a still image is displayed, the circuit portion that supplies a signal to the wiring Vem1 electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor Tr5 can be stopped, and the power consumption of the driver circuit can be further reduced. .
- Transistor An oxide semiconductor that can be used for the OS transistor is described below. Any of the following metal oxides or the like can be used as an oxide semiconductor for the OS transistor.
- a metal oxide used for an OS transistor preferably contains at least indium or zinc. More preferably, the metal oxide comprises indium and zinc.
- metal oxides include indium and the element M (where M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, one or more selected from neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt) and zinc.
- the element M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, and tin, and more preferably gallium.
- the composition of the metal oxide greatly affects the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor. For example, by increasing the indium content of the metal oxide, a transistor with high on-current can be realized in some cases, which is preferable.
- the bandgap of the metal oxide can be increased, and a transistor with even lower off-leakage current can be realized in some cases, which is preferable.
- An OS transistor can be suitably used as the transistor Tr2.
- an OS transistor in which the indium content of the metal oxide is high can be preferably used as the transistor Tr2.
- the transistor Tr2 has a function of controlling the driving current of the light emitting element EL1.
- an OS transistor with a high indium content in the metal oxide as the transistor Tr2, the current driving capability of the transistor Tr2 can be improved, and high luminance of the light-emitting element EL1 can be sufficiently coped with. .
- OS transistors can be preferably used as the transistors Tr3, Tr6, and Tr1.
- an OS transistor in which the metal oxide element M is highly contained can be preferably used as the transistor Tr3, the transistor Tr6, and the transistor Tr1.
- the transistor Tr3 When the transistor Tr3 is in an off state, the transistor Tr3 has a function of holding the potential applied to the gate electrode of the transistor Tr2.
- the off-leakage current of the transistor Tr3 When the off-leakage current of the transistor Tr3 is high, for example, there is a concern that the leakage current may lower the potential of the gate electrode of the transistor Tr2 and reduce the luminance of the light emitting element EL1. Therefore, it is preferable to use a transistor with a low off-leak current as the transistor Tr3.
- the transistors Tr6 and Tr1 are electrically connected to the wiring Vini and the wiring Vdata, respectively. Therefore, when the off-leak currents of the transistor Tr6 and the transistor Tr1 are high, for example, part of the current flowing through the light emitting element EL1 may leak to the wiring Vini and the wiring Vdata, causing fluctuations in luminance. Therefore, transistors with low off-leakage current are preferably used as the transistors Tr6 and Tr1.
- Si transistors may be used as the transistors Tr3, Tr6, and Tr1.
- a Si transistor can be preferably used as the transistor Tr4 and the transistor Tr5, and a transistor having crystalline silicon in a channel formation region can be particularly preferably used.
- an OS transistor can be preferably used, and an OS transistor whose metal oxide has a high indium content can be particularly preferably used.
- the transistors Tr4 and Tr5 have sufficient current driving capability without limiting the current amount of the transistor Tr2. Therefore, a transistor having a channel formation region made of crystalline silicon (eg, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon) can be preferably used as the transistor Tr4 and the transistor Tr5.
- a transistor containing polycrystalline silicon for example, a transistor containing low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) can be used.
- OS transistors are used as the transistors Tr4 and Tr5, it is preferable to increase the indium content of the metal oxide to increase the current driving capability of the OS transistors.
- FIG. 5A shows a configuration example of a pixel.
- the pixel Px shown in FIG. 5A has a pixel circuit 51 and a light emitting element EL1.
- the pixel circuit 51 has transistors Tr1, Tr2, Tr6 and a capacitor C1.
- the first terminal of the transistor Tr2 is electrically connected to the light emitting element EL1, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the wiring Vdd.
- a first terminal of the transistor Tr1 is electrically connected to the wiring Vdata, and a second terminal is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor Tr2.
- An OS transistor can be suitably used as the transistor Tr2.
- an OS transistor in which the indium content of the metal oxide is high can be preferably used as the transistor Tr2.
- An OS transistor can be preferably used as the transistor Tr6 and the transistor Tr1.
- an OS transistor in which the metal oxide element M is highly contained can be preferably used as the transistor Tr6 and the transistor Tr1.
- an OS transistor with a high indium metal oxide content can be preferably used as the transistor Tr6.
- an OS transistor in which the indium content of metal oxide is high as the transistor Tr6 a display device with high display quality even in high-frequency display can be realized.
- the configuration example of the pixel shown in FIG. 5B differs from that in FIG. 5A in that it has a transistor Tr7.
- the transistor Tr7 is electrically connected to a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring Vscan3, a first terminal electrically connected to the wiring Vini, the gate of the transistor Tr2, and the second electrode of the capacitor C1. and a second terminal.
- An OS transistor can be preferably used as the transistor Tr7.
- an OS transistor in which the metal oxide element M is highly contained can be preferably used.
- an OS transistor containing metal oxide with a high indium content can be preferably used.
- Display device A structural example of a display device using a pixel of one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 10 A block diagram of the display device 10 is shown in FIG.
- the display device 10 has a display section 11 , a first drive circuit 12 and a second drive circuit 13 .
- a plurality of pixels Px are arranged in a matrix on the display unit 11 .
- a pixel includes at least one display element and one transistor.
- As a display element an organic EL element, a liquid crystal element, or the like can be typically used.
- the first drive circuit 12 includes a circuit functioning as a source driver.
- the first drive circuit 12 has a function of generating a grayscale signal based on an externally input video signal and supplying the grayscale signal to the pixels included in the display section 11 .
- the second drive circuit 13 includes a circuit functioning as a gate driver.
- the second drive circuit 13 has a function of generating a selection signal based on an externally input signal and supplying it to the pixels included in the display section 11 .
- An OS transistor or the like can be applied to the first drive circuit 12 . Since high-speed switching operation is required in the source driver or demultiplexer circuit, an OS transistor in which a metal oxide with a high indium content is applied to a semiconductor layer is used as an OS transistor used in the second driver circuit 13. is preferred.
- the first driver circuit 12 may have both an OS transistor and a Si transistor as transistors.
- An OS transistor or the like can be applied to the second drive circuit 13 .
- a gate driver is not required to have a switching operation with a high response speed as compared with a source driver or a demultiplexer circuit. Therefore, a stable transistor with a lower off-state current may be used as the OS transistor, and for the second driver circuit 13, for example, an OS transistor in which a metal oxide with a high content of the element M is applied to a semiconductor layer is used. be able to.
- the second driver circuit 13 may have both an OS transistor and a Si transistor as transistors.
- an OS transistor in which a metal oxide with a high indium content is applied to a semiconductor layer may be used in the second driver circuit 13, and the first driver circuit 12 may contain the element M.
- An OS transistor in which a high modulus metal oxide is applied to the semiconductor layer may also be used.
- the display unit 11 is provided with a plurality of wirings Vdata connected to the first drive circuit 12 and a plurality of wirings GL connected to the second drive circuit 13 .
- the wiring Vdata functions as, for example, a source line.
- the wiring GL functions as a gate line, for example.
- the first drive circuit 12 has a shift register circuit 31, a latch circuit section 41, a level shifter circuit section 42, a DA conversion section 43, an analog buffer circuit section 44, and the like.
- the latch circuit section 41 has a plurality of latch circuits 32 and a plurality of latch circuits 33 .
- the level shifter circuit section 42 has a plurality of level shifter circuits 34 .
- the DA converter 43 has a plurality of DAC circuits 35 .
- the analog buffer circuit section 44 has a plurality of analog buffer circuits 36 .
- a clock signal CLK and a start pulse signal SP are input to the shift register circuit 31 .
- the shift register circuit 31 generates a timing signal in which pulses are sequentially shifted according to the clock signal CLK and the start pulse signal SP, and outputs the timing signal to each latch circuit 32 of the latch circuit section 41 .
- a video signal S 0 and a latch signal LAT are input to the latch circuit section 41 .
- the video signal S0 is sampled according to the pulse of the timing signal and written to each latch circuit 32 in order. At this time, the period until the writing of the video signal S0 to each latch circuit 32 is completed can be called a line period.
- each latch circuit 32 When one line period ends, the video signals held in each latch circuit 32 are written and held in each latch circuit 33 all at once according to the pulse of the latch signal LAT input to each latch circuit 33 . After sending the video signal to the latch circuit 33, the latch circuit 32 sequentially writes the next video signal according to the timing signal from the shift register circuit 31 again. During one line period of the second order, the video signal written and held in the latch circuit 33 is output to each level shifter circuit 34 of the level shifter circuit section 42 .
- the video signal input to each level shifter circuit 34 of the level shifter circuit section 42 is sent to each DAC circuit 35 in the DA conversion section 43 after the voltage amplitude of the signal is increased by the level shifter circuit 34 .
- the video signal input to the group of DAC circuits 35 is analog-converted and output to the analog buffer circuit section 44 as one analog signal.
- the video signal input to the analog buffer circuit section 44 is output to each wiring Vdata via each analog buffer circuit 36 .
- the second drive circuit 13 sequentially selects each wiring GL.
- a video signal input from the first driving circuit 12 to the display unit 11 via the wiring Vdata is input to each pixel Px connected to the wiring GL selected by the second driving circuit 13 .
- the first drive circuit 12 illustrated in FIG. 6 was configured to convert a digital signal into an analog signal and output it to the display unit 11. However, by using an analog signal as an input signal, the first drive circuit 12 configuration can be simplified.
- the first drive circuit 12 a shown in FIG. 7A has a shift register circuit 31 , a latch circuit section 41 and a source follower circuit section 45 .
- the source follower circuit section 45 has a plurality of source follower circuits 37 .
- the latch circuit 32 samples the analog video signal S 0 as analog data according to the timing signal from the shift register circuit 31 .
- Each latch circuit 32 simultaneously outputs the video signals held in each latch circuit 33 according to the latch signal LAT.
- the video signal held in the latch circuit 33 is output via the source follower circuit 37 to one wiring Vdata.
- the analog buffer circuit described above may be used instead of the source follower circuit 37 .
- the first drive circuit 12b shown in FIG. 7B has a shift register circuit 31 and a demultiplexer circuit 46.
- Demultiplexer circuit 46 has a plurality of sampling circuits 38 .
- Each sampling circuit 38 receives a plurality of analog video signals S0 from a plurality of wirings, and simultaneously outputs video signals to a plurality of wirings Vdata in accordance with timing signals inputted from the shift register circuit 31 .
- the shift register circuit 31 outputs timing signals so as to sequentially select the plurality of sampling circuits 38 .
- the demultiplexer circuit 46 may use OS transistors, and the shift register circuit 31 may use Si transistors.
- the shift register circuit 31 uses a transistor containing single crystal silicon, and the demultiplexer circuit 46 and the display portion 11 use OS transistors.
- an OS transistor can be stacked over a transistor including single crystal silicon.
- Metal oxide A composition of a metal oxide that can be applied to a semiconductor layer included in a transistor of one embodiment of the present invention is described. Note that the composition of the metal oxide may be replaced with the composition of the semiconductor layer.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. More preferably, the metal oxide comprises indium and zinc.
- metal oxides include indium and the element M (where M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, one or more selected from neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt) and zinc.
- Metal oxides include, for example, indium oxide, indium zinc oxide (In—Zn oxide), indium tin oxide (In—Sn oxide), indium titanium oxide (In—Ti oxide), indium aluminum zinc oxide (In-Al-Zn oxide, also referred to as IAZO), indium tin zinc oxide (In-Sn-Zn oxide), indium titanium zinc oxide (In-Ti-Zn oxide), indium gallium zinc oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide, also referred to as IGZO), indium gallium tin zinc oxide (In-Ga-Sn-Zn oxide), indium gallium aluminum zinc oxide (In-Ga-Al-Zn oxide, IGAZO or IAGZO) can be used.
- indium tin oxide containing silicon, or the like can be used.
- the element M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, and tin, and more preferably gallium. Note that in this specification and the like, a metal oxide containing indium, the element M, and zinc is sometimes referred to as an In-M-Zn oxide.
- composition of the semiconductor layer greatly affects the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor.
- the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the number of atoms of the contained metal element is sometimes referred to as the indium content.
- the display device By increasing the content of indium in the semiconductor layer, a transistor with a large on-current can be obtained. By applying the transistor to a transistor that requires high on-state current, the display device can have excellent electrical characteristics.
- the indium content can be increased by applying a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is equal to or higher than that of zinc.
- the indium content can be increased by using a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is equal to or higher than that of tin.
- the indium content can be increased by applying a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is higher than that of tin. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than that of tin.
- the indium content can be increased by applying a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is higher than that of aluminum. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than that of aluminum.
- the indium content is increased by applying a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium to the atomic number of the metal element is higher than the atomic ratio of gallium. be able to. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than that of gallium.
- the indium content is reduced by using a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium to the atomic number of the metal element is higher than the atomic ratio of the element M. can be enhanced. Furthermore, it is more preferable to use a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than the atomic ratio of the element M.
- the sum of the atomic number ratios of the metal elements can be used as the atomic number ratio of the element M.
- the atomic ratio of the element M can be the sum of the atomic ratio of gallium and the atomic ratio of aluminum.
- the atomic ratio of indium, the element M, and zinc is preferably within the above range.
- the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the number of atoms of the metal element contained is 30 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less, preferably 30 atomic % or more and 95 atomic % or less, more preferably 35 atomic % or more and 95 atoms.
- the metal oxide can increase the indium content.
- the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the total number of atoms of indium, the element M, and zinc is preferably within the above range.
- GBT Gate Bias Temperature
- PBTS Positive Bias Temperature Stress
- NBTS Negative Bias Temperature Stress
- the PBTS test and the NBTS test performed in the state of being irradiated with light are called PBTIS (Positive Bias Temperature Illumination Stress) test and NBTIS (Negative Bias Temperature Illumination Stress) test, respectively.
- n-type transistor In an n-type transistor, a positive potential is applied to the gate when the transistor is turned on (a state in which current flows), so the amount of change in the threshold voltage in the PBTS test is an index of the reliability of the transistor. It is one of the important items to pay attention to.
- the electrical characteristics of the transistor may change.
- a transistor applied to a region where light can enter have small variation in electrical characteristics under light irradiation and have high reliability against light. Reliability against light can be evaluated, for example, by the amount of change in threshold voltage in an NBTIS test.
- the transistor can have high reliability with respect to application of a positive bias. In other words, the transistor can have a small amount of change in threshold voltage in the PBTS test. Further, when a metal oxide containing gallium is used, the content of gallium is preferably lower than the content of indium. Accordingly, a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- One of the causes of threshold voltage fluctuation in PBTS tests is the defect level at or near the interface between the semiconductor layer and the gate insulating layer.
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide when used for the semiconductor layer, a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is higher than that of gallium is applied to the semiconductor layer, thereby content can be reduced. Moreover, it is more preferable to use a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than the atomic ratio of gallium. In other words, it is preferable to apply to the semiconductor layer a metal oxide that satisfies In>Ga and Zn>Ga in the atomic ratio of the metal element.
- the ratio of the number of gallium atoms to the number of atoms of the metal element contained is higher than 0 atomic % and 50 atomic % or less, preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 40 atomic % or less, more preferably 0.1 atomic %.
- atomic % or more and 35 atomic % or less more preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, more preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 25 atomic % or less, more preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 20 atomic % or less,
- a metal oxide having a content of more preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 15 atomic % or less, more preferably 0.1 atomic % or more and 10 atomic % or less the gallium content can be lowered.
- a metal oxide that does not contain gallium may be applied to the semiconductor layer.
- In--Zn oxide can be applied to the semiconductor layer.
- the field-effect mobility of the transistor can be increased by increasing the atomic ratio of indium to the atomic number of the metal element contained in the metal oxide.
- the metal oxide becomes a highly crystalline metal oxide, which suppresses fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor and improves reliability. be able to.
- a metal oxide that does not contain gallium and zinc, such as indium oxide may be used for the semiconductor layer. By using gallium-free metal oxides, in particular, threshold voltage variations in PBTS tests can be minimized.
- an oxide containing indium and zinc can be used for the semiconductor layer.
- Gallium has been described as a representative example, but it can also be applied to the case where the element M is used instead of gallium.
- a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium is higher than the atomic ratio of the element M is preferably applied to the semiconductor layer.
- a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of zinc is higher than the atomic ratio of the element M is preferable to use.
- the transistor By reducing the content of the element M in the semiconductor layer, the transistor can be highly reliable with respect to positive bias application. By applying the transistor to a transistor that requires high reliability against application of a positive bias, the display device can have high reliability.
- the transistor can have high reliability against light. That is, the transistor can have a small amount of change in threshold voltage in the NBTIS test. Specifically, a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of the element M is equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of indium has a larger bandgap, and the variation of the threshold voltage in the NBTIS test of the transistor can be reduced. . Further, the off-state current of the transistor can be further reduced in some cases by increasing the bandgap.
- the bandgap of the metal oxide of the semiconductor layer is preferably 2.0 eV or more, more preferably 2.5 eV or more, further preferably 3.0 eV or more, further preferably 3.2 eV or more, and 3.0 eV or more. 3 eV or more is preferable, 3.4 eV or more is preferable, and 3.5 eV or more is more preferable.
- the ratio of the number of atoms of the element M to the number of atoms of the contained metal element is 20 atomic % or more and 70 atomic % or less, preferably 30 atomic % or more and 70 atomic % or less, more preferably 30 atomic %.
- 60 atomic % or more, more preferably 40 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less, more preferably 50 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less, by suitably using a metal oxide to increase the content of the element M can be done.
- a metal oxide in which the atomic ratio of indium to the atomic number of metal elements is equal to or lower than that of gallium can be applied.
- the ratio of the number of gallium atoms to the number of atoms of the contained metal element is 20 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less, preferably 20 atomic % or more and 50 atomic % or less, more preferably 30 atomic % or more.
- the content of the element M can be increased by using a metal oxide of 50 atomic % or less, more preferably 40 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less, more preferably 50 atomic % or more and 60 atomic % or less.
- Analysis of the composition of metal oxides can be performed, for example, by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX: Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy.
- EDX Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- XPS X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
- ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
- a plurality of these techniques may be combined for analysis.
- the actual content rate and the content rate obtained by analysis may differ due to the influence of analysis accuracy. For example, when the content of element M is low, the content of element M obtained by analysis may be lower than the actual content.
- the composition in the vicinity includes the range of ⁇ 30% of the desired atomic number ratio.
- the atomic ratio of indium is 1, the atomic ratio of M is greater than 0.1. 2 or less, including the case where the atomic ratio of zinc is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less.
- the atomic ratio of the target may differ from the atomic ratio of the metal oxide.
- zinc may have a lower atomic ratio in the metal oxide than in the target.
- the atomic ratio of zinc contained in the target may be about 40% or more and 90% or less.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
- the three sub-pixels are, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sub-pixels, yellow ( Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M) sub-pixels.
- the four sub-pixels are, for example, red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) sub-pixels, red (R), green (G ), blue (B), and yellow (Y).
- Each subpixel has a light emitting device.
- Sub-pixel arrangements include, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include polygons such as triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), pentagons, and hexagons, and polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting device.
- a pixel 310 shown in FIG. 8A has a red sub-pixel (R), a green sub-pixel (G), and a blue sub-pixel (B).
- R red sub-pixel
- G green sub-pixel
- B blue sub-pixel
- FIG. 8A shows a configuration in which the sub-pixels have the same area
- the sub-pixels may have different areas.
- the area of the sub-pixel corresponds to the area of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting device.
- the regions of the sub-pixel light-emitting elements are labeled with R, G, and B. As shown in FIG.
- a pixel 310 shown in FIG. 8B has a configuration to which an S stripe arrangement is applied.
- the pixel 310 shown in FIG. 8B is composed of two rows and two columns, and has two subpixels (subpixel (R) and subpixel (G)) in the left column (first column) and (Second column) has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel (B)).
- the pixel 310 has two sub-pixels (sub-pixel (R), sub-pixel (B)) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels in the lower row (second row). It has pixels (sub-pixels (G) and sub-pixels (B)), and has sub-pixels (B) over these two rows.
- FIG. 8B shows an example in which the area of the sub-pixel (B) is larger than the areas of the sub-pixel (R) and the sub-pixel (G).
- This configuration can be suitably used when the lifetime of the light emitting device that emits blue light is shorter than the lifetime of the light emitting device that emits red light and that of the light emitting device that emits green light.
- the sub-pixel (B) having a large light-emitting area the current density applied to the light-emitting device emitting blue light is low, so that the lifetime of the light-emitting device can be extended. In other words, the display device can have high reliability.
- FIG. 8B illustrates a structure in which the area of the subpixel (B) is larger than the area of the subpixel (R) and the subpixel (G), one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the area of the sub-pixel can be determined according to the lifetime of the light-emitting device included in the sub-pixel. It is preferred that the area of a sub-pixel in a light emitting device with a short lifetime be larger than the area of other sub-pixels.
- FIG. 8C shows two pixels.
- the pixel shown in FIG. 8C indicates a pixel in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, sub-pixels of different colors are arranged in odd-numbered rows and even-numbered rows in each column.
- FIG. 8D shows pixels to which the pentile arrangement is applied.
- the pixels shown in FIG. 8D are two pixels, a pixel 310A and a pixel 310B, and there are three types of sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel (R), a green sub-pixel (G), and a blue sub-pixel (B).
- R red sub-pixel
- G green sub-pixel
- B blue sub-pixel
- FIG. 8D shows pixels to which the pentile arrangement is applied.
- the pixels shown in FIG. 8D are two pixels, a pixel 310A and a pixel 310B, and there are three types of sub-pixels: a red sub-pixel (R), a green sub-pixel (G), and a blue sub-pixel (B).
- R red sub-pixel
- G green sub-pixel
- B blue sub-pixel
- the pixel 310 includes a subpixel (R) that exhibits red, a subpixel (G) that exhibits green, and a subpixel (B) that exhibits blue, as well as a subpixel (IR) that exhibits infrared light, and detects light. (See FIG. 8E.).
- Pixel PS has a light receiving element.
- a sub-pixel (IR) that emits infrared light can be used as a light source, and the infrared light emitted by the sub-pixel can be detected by a light-detecting pixel (PS).
- PS light-detecting pixel
- the sub-pixel (R) that exhibits red the sub-pixel (G) that exhibits green
- the sub-pixel (B) that exhibits blue the sub-pixel that exhibits infrared light (IR)
- the pixel that detects light (PS) The aperture ratio can be determined as appropriate.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 8E includes a light-emitting element (also referred to as a light-emitting device) and a light-receiving element (also referred to as a light-receiving device) in the pixel 310 .
- a light-emitting element also referred to as a light-emitting device
- a light-receiving element also referred to as a light-receiving device
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention since pixels have a light-receiving function, contact or proximity of an object can be detected while displaying an image. Further, since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes subpixels that emit infrared light, an image can be displayed using the subpixels included in the display device while emitting infrared light as a light source. In other words, the display device of one embodiment of the present invention has a structure that is highly compatible with functions other than the display function (here, the light receiving function).
- the light receiving element included in the pixel 310 shown in FIG. 8E may be used as a touch sensor, a non-contact sensor, or the like.
- the touch sensor or non-contact sensor can detect proximity or contact of an object (finger, hand, pen, etc.).
- a touch sensor can detect an object by direct contact between the electronic device and the object.
- the non-contact sensor can detect the target even if the target does not come into contact with the electronic device.
- the display device can detect the object when the distance between the display device (or electronic device) and the object is 0.1 mm or more and 300 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the electronic device can be operated without direct contact with the target object, in other words, the display device can be operated without contact (touchless). With the above configuration, it is possible to reduce the risk of the electronic device being dirty or scratched, or the electronic It becomes possible to operate the device.
- the non-contact sensor function can also be called a hover sensor function, a hover touch sensor function, a near touch sensor function, a touchless sensor function, etc.
- the touch sensor function can also be called a direct touch sensor function.
- 9A and 9B show a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A A top view of the display device 300 is shown in FIG. 9A.
- the display device 300 has a display section in which a plurality of pixels 310 are arranged in a matrix and a connection section 340 outside the display section.
- One pixel 310 is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 310a, a sub-pixel 310b, and a sub-pixel 310c. Note that the pixel is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 9A.
- connection portion 340 is positioned below the display portion when viewed from above
- the connecting portion 340 may be provided in at least one of the upper side, the right side, the left side, and the lower side of the display portion when viewed from above, and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the number of connection parts 340 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional view between dashed-dotted lines X1-X2 and Y1-Y2 in FIG. 9A.
- FIGS. 10A to 10C, FIGS. 11A and 11B, and FIGS. 12A to 12C show cross-sectional views along dashed-dotted lines X1-X2 and Y1-Y2 in FIG. 9A.
- the display device 300 includes light emitting devices 330a, 330b, and 330c provided on a layer 301 including transistors, and a protective layer 331 covering these light emitting devices.
- a substrate 320 is bonded onto the protective layer 331 with a resin layer 322 .
- an insulating layer 325 and an insulating layer 327 on the insulating layer 325 are provided in a region between two adjacent light emitting devices.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a top emission type in which light is emitted in a direction opposite to a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed, and light is emitted toward a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed.
- a bottom emission type bottom emission type
- a double emission type dual emission type in which light is emitted from both sides may be used.
- the layer 301 including transistors for example, a stacked structure in which a plurality of transistors are provided on a substrate and an insulating layer is provided to cover these transistors can be applied.
- the layer 301 containing the transistors may have recesses between two adjacent devices.
- recesses may be provided in the insulating layer located on the outermost surface of the layer 301 including the transistor.
- the transistor described in Embodiment 1 can be used as the transistor.
- a light-emitting device has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes.
- one of a pair of electrodes may be referred to as a pixel electrode and the other may be referred to as a common electrode.
- one electrode functions as an anode and the other electrode functions as a cathode.
- the pixel electrode functions as an anode and the common electrode functions as a cathode will be described below as an example.
- the light emitting device 330a includes a conductive layer 311a on the layer 301 including the transistor, a first island layer 313a on the conductive layer 311a, a fourth layer 314 on the first island layer 313a, and a fourth layer 314 on the first layer 313a. and a common electrode 315 on four layers 314 .
- the conductive layer 311a functions as a pixel electrode.
- the first layer 313a and the fourth layer 314 can be collectively called an EL layer.
- the first layer 313a has, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer.
- the first layer 313a has, for example, a first light-emitting unit, a charge generation layer, and a second light-emitting unit.
- the fourth layer 314 has, for example, an electron injection layer.
- the fourth layer 314 may have a stack of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.
- the light emitting device 330b includes a conductive layer 311b on the layer 301 including the transistor, a second island layer 313b on the conductive layer 311b, a fourth layer 314 on the second island layer 313b, and a fourth layer 314 on the second layer 313b. and a common electrode 315 on four layers 314 .
- the conductive layer 311b functions as a pixel electrode.
- the second layer 313b and the fourth layer 314 can be collectively called an EL layer.
- the light-emitting device 330c includes a conductive layer 311c on the layer 301 including the transistor, a third island-shaped layer 313c on the conductive layer 311c, a fourth layer 314 on the third island-shaped layer 313c, and a third layer 313c on the conductive layer 311c. and a common electrode 315 on four layers 314 .
- the conductive layer 311c functions as a pixel electrode.
- the third layer 313c and the fourth layer 314 can be collectively referred to as EL layers.
- a fourth layer 314 is a layer common to each light emitting device.
- the fourth layer 314 comprises, for example, an electron injection layer, as described above.
- the fourth layer 314 may have a stack of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.
- the common electrode 315 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 323 provided on the connecting portion 340 .
- the same potential is supplied to the common electrode 315 of each light emitting device.
- FIG. 9B shows an example in which a fourth layer 314 is provided over the conductive layer 323 and the conductive layer 323 and the common electrode 315 are electrically connected through the fourth layer 314 .
- the fourth layer 314 may not be provided in the connecting portion 340 .
- FIG. 10C shows an example in which the fourth layer 314 is not provided on the conductive layer 323 and the conductive layer 323 and the common electrode 315 are directly connected.
- the area where the fourth layer 314 and the common electrode 315 are formed can be changed.
- the fourth layer 314 (or the common electrode 315) is in contact with any side surface of the conductive layers 311a to 311c, the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c. can be suppressed, and short-circuiting of the light-emitting device can be suppressed. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- the insulating layer 325 preferably covers at least side surfaces of the conductive layers 311a to 311c. Furthermore, the insulating layer 325 preferably covers the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c. The insulating layer 325 can be in contact with side surfaces of the conductive layers 311a to 311c, the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c.
- the insulating layer 327 is provided on the insulating layer 325 so as to fill the recesses formed in the insulating layer 325 .
- the insulating layer 327 can overlap with side surfaces of the conductive layers 311a to 311c, the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c with the insulating layer 325 interposed therebetween. .
- the space between adjacent island-shaped layers can be filled. can be made flatter. Therefore, it is possible to improve the coverage of the common electrode and prevent disconnection of the common electrode.
- the insulating layer 325 or the insulating layer 327 can be provided so as to be in contact with the island-shaped layer. This can prevent film peeling of the island-shaped layer. Adhesion between the insulating layer and the island-shaped layer produces an effect that the adjacent island-shaped layers are fixed or adhered by the insulating layer.
- An organic resin film is suitable for the insulating layer 327 .
- organic solvents and the like that may be contained in the photosensitive organic resin film may damage the EL layer.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- one of the insulating layer 325 and the insulating layer 327 may not be provided.
- the insulating layer 325 by forming the insulating layer 325 with a single-layer structure using an inorganic material, the insulating layer 325 can be used as a protective insulating layer of the EL layer. Thereby, the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- the insulating layer 327 by forming the insulating layer 327 having a single-layer structure using an organic material, the insulating layer 327 can be filled between the adjacent EL layers and planarized. Accordingly, the coverage of the common electrode (upper electrode) formed over the EL layer and the insulating layer 327 can be improved.
- the fourth layer 314 and the common electrode 315 are provided on the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, the third layer 313c, the insulating layer 325 and the insulating layer 327.
- a step due to a region where the pixel electrode and the EL layer are provided and a region where the pixel electrode and the EL layer are not provided (region between the light emitting devices). ing. Since the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes the insulating layer 325 and the insulating layer 327 , the step can be planarized, and coverage with the fourth layer 314 and the common electrode 315 can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to suppress poor connection due to disconnection. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent the common electrode 315 from being locally thinned due to a step and increasing the electrical resistance.
- the heights of the top surface of the insulating layer 325 and the top surface of the insulating layer 327 are adjusted to the heights of the first layer 313a and the second layer 313b, respectively. , and at least one top surface of the third layer 313c.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 preferably has a flat shape, and may have a convex portion, a convex curved surface, a concave curved surface, or a concave portion.
- the insulating layer 325 has regions in contact with the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c, and the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c. functions as a protective insulating layer for By providing the insulating layer 325, impurities (oxygen, moisture, or the like) can be prevented from entering from the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c, and reliability is high. It can be a display device.
- the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 325 in the region in contact with the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c in a cross-sectional view is large, the first layer 313a and the second layer The gap between the third layer 313b and the third layer 313c is increased, and the aperture ratio may be lowered.
- the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 325 is small, the effect of suppressing the intrusion of impurities into the inside from the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c is reduced. may be lost.
- the width (thickness) of the insulating layer 325 in the region in contact with the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c is preferably 3 nm or more and 200 nm or less, more preferably 3 nm or more and 150 nm or less. Further, it is preferably 5 nm or more and 150 nm or less, further preferably 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, further preferably 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less, further preferably 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- the insulating layer 325 can be an insulating layer having an inorganic material.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
- the insulating layer 325 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- oxide insulating films include silicon oxide films, aluminum oxide films, magnesium oxide films, indium gallium zinc oxide films, gallium oxide films, germanium oxide films, yttrium oxide films, zirconium oxide films, lanthanum oxide films, neodymium oxide films, Examples include hafnium oxide films and tantalum oxide films.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film.
- the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film.
- aluminum oxide is preferable because it has a high etching selectivity with respect to the EL layer and has a function of protecting the EL layer during formation of the insulating layer 327 described later.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film formed by an ALD method to the insulating layer 325, the insulating layer 325 with few pinholes and an excellent function of protecting the EL layer can be obtained. can be formed.
- the insulating layer 325 may have a layered structure of a film formed by an ALD method and a film formed by a sputtering method.
- the insulating layer 325 may have a laminated structure of, for example, an aluminum oxide film formed by ALD and a silicon nitride film formed by sputtering.
- a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, a pulse laser deposition (PLD) method, an ALD method, or the like can be used to form the insulating layer 325 .
- the insulating layer 325 is preferably formed by an ALD method with good coverage.
- the insulating layer 327 provided on the insulating layer 325 has the function of planarizing the concave portion of the insulating layer 325 formed between adjacent light emitting devices. In other words, the presence of the insulating layer 327 has the effect of improving the flatness of the surface on which the common electrode 315 is formed.
- An insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used for the insulating layer 327 .
- acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, phenolic resin, and precursors of these resins are applied. can do.
- an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used for the insulating layer 327 .
- a photosensitive resin can be used as the insulating layer 327 .
- a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the difference between the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 and the height of the upper surface of any one of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c is, for example, 0.00% of the thickness of the insulating layer 327. 5 times or less is preferable, and 0.3 times or less is more preferable. Further, for example, the insulating layer 327 may be provided so that the top surface of any one of the first layer 313 a , the second layer 313 b , and the third layer 313 c is higher than the top surface of the insulating layer 327 .
- the insulating layer 327 may be provided so that the top surface of the insulating layer 327 is higher than the top surface of the light-emitting layer included in the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, or the third layer 313c. good.
- FIG. 10A shows an example in which the insulating layer 325 is not provided.
- the insulating layer 327 can be in contact with side surfaces of the conductive layers 311a to 311c, the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c. can.
- the insulating layer 327 can be provided so as to fill the space between the EL layers of each light-emitting device.
- the insulating layer 327 it is preferable to use an organic material that causes less damage to the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c.
- the insulating layer 327 is preferably made of an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin.
- FIG. 10B shows an example in which the insulating layer 327 is not provided.
- a protective layer 331 on the light emitting devices 330a, 330b, 330c.
- the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- the conductivity of the protective layer 331 does not matter. At least one of an insulating film, a semiconductor film, and a conductive film can be used for the protective layer 331 .
- the protective layer 331 has an inorganic film, deterioration of the light-emitting devices is suppressed, such as by preventing oxidation of the common electrode 315 and suppressing impurities (moisture, oxygen, etc.) from entering the light-emitting devices 330a, 330b, and 330c. , the reliability of the display device can be improved.
- inorganic insulating films such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be used.
- oxide insulating films include silicon oxide films, aluminum oxide films, gallium oxide films, germanium oxide films, yttrium oxide films, zirconium oxide films, lanthanum oxide films, neodymium oxide films, hafnium oxide films, and tantalum oxide films.
- the nitride insulating film include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- Examples of the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film.
- Examples of the oxynitride insulating film include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film.
- the protective layer 331 preferably has a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film, and more preferably has a nitride insulating film.
- the protective layer 331 includes In—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITO), In—Zn oxide, Ga—Zn oxide, Al—Zn oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide (In—Ga—Zn oxide, An inorganic film containing IGZO) or the like can also be used.
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and more specifically, preferably has a higher resistance than the common electrode 315 .
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the protective layer 331 preferably has high transparency to visible light.
- ITO, IGZO, and aluminum oxide are preferable because they are inorganic materials with high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layer 33 for example, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the aluminum oxide film, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film over the aluminum oxide film, or the like can be used. can. By using the stacked structure, impurities (such as water and oxygen) entering the EL layer can be suppressed.
- the protective layer 331 may have an organic film.
- protective layer 331 may have both an organic film and an inorganic film.
- the upper end portions of the conductive layers 311a to 311c are not covered with an insulating layer. Therefore, the interval between adjacent light emitting devices can be made very narrow. Therefore, a high-definition or high-resolution display device can be obtained.
- the ends of the conductive layers 311a to 311c may be covered with an insulating layer 321, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.
- the insulating layer 321 can have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure using one or both of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film.
- organic insulating materials that can be used for the insulating layer 321 include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyimide resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, polysiloxane resins, benzocyclobutene resins, and phenol resins.
- an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the insulating layer 321 can be used as the inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 331.
- an inorganic insulating film is used as the insulating layer 321 covering the edge of the pixel electrode, impurities are less likely to enter the light-emitting device than when an organic insulating film is used, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- an organic insulating film is used as the insulating layer 321 that covers the end portions of the pixel electrodes, step coverage is higher than when an inorganic insulating film is used, and the effect of the shape of the pixel electrode is reduced. Therefore, short-circuiting of the light emitting device can be prevented.
- the shape of the insulating layer 321 can be processed into a tapered shape or the like.
- a tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is inclined with respect to the substrate surface.
- a region in which the angle formed by the inclined side surface and the substrate surface also referred to as a taper angle) is less than 90°.
- the insulating layer 321 may not be provided. By not providing the insulating layer 321, the aperture ratio of the sub-pixel can be increased in some cases. Alternatively, the distance between sub-pixels can be reduced, which may increase the definition or resolution of the display.
- FIG. 11A shows an example in which the fourth layer 314 enters the regions of the first layer 313a and the second layer 313b, etc., but as shown in FIG. may be
- the voids 334 contain, for example, one or more selected from air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and group 18 elements (typically helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, etc.). Alternatively, resin or the like may be embedded in the gap 334 .
- FIG. 9A and the like show an example in which the end of the conductive layer 311a and the end of the first layer 313a are aligned or substantially aligned.
- the top surface shapes of the conductive layer 311a and the first layer 313a match or substantially match.
- FIG. 12A shows an example in which the end of the first layer 313a is located inside the end of the conductive layer 311a. In FIG. 12A, the edge of the first layer 313a is located on the conductive layer 311a. Also, FIG. 12B shows an example in which the end of the first layer 313a is located outside the end of the conductive layer 311a. In FIG. 12B, the first layer 313a is provided to cover the end of the conductive layer 311a.
- the ends are aligned or substantially aligned, and when the top surface shapes are matched or substantially matched, at least part of the outline overlaps between the stacked layers when viewed from the top.
- the upper layer and the lower layer may be processed with the same mask pattern or partially with the same mask pattern.
- the outlines do not overlap, and the top layer may be located inside the bottom layer, or the top layer may be located outside the bottom layer, and in this case also the edges are roughly aligned, or the shape of the top surface are said to roughly match.
- FIG. 12C A modification of the insulating layer 327 is shown in FIG. 12C.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 has a shape that gently swells toward the center, that is, a convex curved surface, and has a shape that is depressed at and near the center, that is, a concave curved surface, in a cross-sectional view.
- 13A to 13F show the cross-sectional structure of the region 139 including the insulating layer 327 and its periphery.
- FIG. 13A shows an example in which the first layer 313a and the second layer 313b have different thicknesses.
- the height of the top surface of the insulating layer 325 matches or substantially matches the height of the top surface of the first layer 313a on the side of the first layer 313a, and the height of the top surface of the second layer 313b on the side of the second layer 313b. Matches or roughly matches height.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 has a gentle slope with a higher surface on the first layer 313a side and a lower surface on the second layer 313b side.
- the insulating layers 325 and 327 preferably have the same height as the top surface of the adjacent EL layer.
- the top surface may have a flat portion aligned with the height of the top surface of any of the adjacent EL layers.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 327 has a region higher than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 can be configured to have a shape in which the center and the vicinity thereof bulge in a cross-sectional view, that is, have a convex curved surface.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 has a shape that gently swells toward the center, that is, a convex curved surface, and a shape that is depressed at and near the center, that is, a concave curved surface, in a cross-sectional view.
- the insulating layer 327 has a region higher than the upper surface of the first layer 313a and the upper surface of the second layer 313b.
- the display device has at least one of a sacrificial layer 318a and a sacrificial layer 319a
- the insulating layer 327 is higher than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b
- the insulating layer 325 It has a first region located outside the sacrificial layer 318a and the first region located on at least one of the sacrificial layer 318a and the sacrificial layer 319a.
- the display device has at least one of the sacrificial layer 318b and the sacrificial layer 319b, the insulating layer 327 is higher than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b, and the insulating layer 325
- the second region is located outside the sacrificial layer 318b and the second region is located on at least one of the sacrificial layer 318b and the sacrificial layer 319b.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 327 has a region that is lower than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 327 has a shape in which the center and its vicinity are depressed in a cross-sectional view, that is, has a concave curved surface.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 325 has a region higher than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b. That is, the insulating layer 325 protrudes from the formation surface of the fourth layer 314 to form a convex portion.
- the insulating layer 325 may protrude as shown in FIG. 13E. be.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 325 has a region lower than the top surface of the first layer 313a and the top surface of the second layer 313b. That is, the insulating layer 325 forms a concave portion on the formation surface of the fourth layer 314 .
- various shapes can be applied to the insulating layer 325 and the insulating layer 327 .
- inorganic films such as metal films, alloy films, metal oxide films, semiconductor films, and inorganic insulating films can be used.
- the sacrificial layer includes metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or the metal materials.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, titanium, aluminum, yttrium, zirconium, and tantalum, or the metal materials.
- a metal oxide such as an In--Ga--Zn oxide can be used for the sacrificial layer.
- the sacrificial layer for example, an In--Ga--Zn oxide film can be formed using a sputtering method.
- indium oxide, In-Zn oxide, In-Sn oxide, indium titanium oxide (In-Ti oxide), indium tin zinc oxide (In-Sn-Zn oxide), indium titanium zinc oxide ( In--Ti--Zn oxide), indium gallium tin-zinc oxide (In--Ga--Sn--Zn oxide), or the like can be used.
- indium tin oxide containing silicon or the like can be used.
- element M is aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten , or one or more selected from magnesium
- M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, and yttrium.
- Various inorganic insulating films that can be used for the protective layer 331 can be used for the sacrificial layer.
- an oxide insulating film is preferable because it has higher adhesion to the EL layer than a nitride insulating film.
- inorganic insulating materials such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and silicon oxide can be used for the sacrificial layer.
- an aluminum oxide film can be formed using the ALD method.
- ALD method is preferable because damage to the base (especially the EL layer or the like) can be reduced.
- a silicon nitride film can be formed using a sputtering method.
- a lamination structure of an inorganic insulating film (eg, an aluminum oxide film) formed by an ALD method and an In—Ga—Zn oxide film formed by a sputtering method can be used as the sacrificial layer.
- an inorganic insulating film (eg, aluminum oxide film) formed by an ALD method and an aluminum film, a tungsten film, or an inorganic insulating film (eg, a silicon nitride film) formed by a sputtering method are used as the sacrificial layer. , can be applied.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- SBS Side By Side
- the material and structure can be optimized for each light-emitting device, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material and structure increases, and it becomes easy to improve luminance and reliability.
- a light emitting device capable of emitting white light is sometimes called a white light emitting device.
- a white light emitting device By combining the white light emitting device with a colored layer (for example, a color filter), a full-color display device can be realized.
- Light-emitting devices can be broadly classified into single structures and tandem structures.
- a single-structure device preferably has one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, and the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- the light emitting layers may be selected so that the light emitted from each of the two light emitting layers has a complementary color relationship. For example, by making the luminescent color of the first luminescent layer and the luminescent color of the second luminescent layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a configuration in which the entire light emitting device emits white light.
- the light-emitting device as a whole may emit white light by combining the light-emitting colors of the three or more light-emitting layers.
- a tandem structure device preferably has two or more light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes, and each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- each light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- a structure in which white light emission is obtained by combining light from the light emitting layers of a plurality of light emitting units may be employed. Note that the structure for obtaining white light emission is the same as the structure of the single structure.
- a display device with a high contrast ratio can be obtained by combining a white light-emitting device (one or both of a single structure and a tandem structure), a color filter, and an MML structure of one embodiment of the present invention. can.
- the light emitting device with the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting device. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting device with an SBS structure.
- the white light emitting device is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting device, so that the manufacturing cost can be lowered or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- a layer provided between light-emitting elements for example, an organic layer commonly used between light-emitting elements, also referred to as a common layer
- a display with no side leakage or with very little side leakage can be obtained.
- the display device of this embodiment can reduce the distance between the light emitting devices.
- the distance between light-emitting devices, the distance between EL layers, or the distance between pixel electrodes is less than 10 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or less, 1 ⁇ m or less, 500 nm or less, 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or 90 nm or less. , 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm or less.
- the space between the side surface of the first layer 313a and the side surface of the second layer 313b or the space between the side surface of the second layer 313b and the side surface of the third layer 313c is 1 ⁇ m or less. , preferably has a region of 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm) or less, and more preferably has a region of 100 nm or less.
- a light shielding layer may be provided on the surface of the substrate 320 on the resin layer 322 side.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 320 .
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged on the outside of the substrate 320.
- Glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, etc. can be used for the substrate 320 .
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- Using a flexible material for the substrate 320 can increase the flexibility of the display device.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 320 .
- the substrate 320 is made of polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, Polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, ABS A resin, cellulose nanofiber, or the like can be used.
- polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, Polyamide
- a substrate having high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetylcellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic films.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- Aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, and tantalum can be used for conductive layers such as gates, sources, and drains of transistors, as well as various wirings and electrodes that constitute display devices. , metals such as tungsten, and alloys containing these metals as main components. A film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- Conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-containing zinc oxide, or graphene can be used as the conductive material having translucency.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or alloy materials containing such metal materials can be used.
- a nitride of the metal material eg, titanium nitride
- it is preferably thin enough to have translucency.
- a stacked film of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
- a laminated film of a silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased.
- conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes or common electrodes) of light-emitting devices.
- Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light and infrared light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side of the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light and infrared light is preferably used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- the light-emitting device preferably has a micro-optical resonator (microcavity) structure. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting device preferably has an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device can be enhanced.
- microcavity micro-optical resonator
- the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode can have a laminated structure of an electrode that reflects visible light and an electrode that transmits visible light (also referred to as a transparent electrode).
- the light transmittance of the transparent electrode is set to 40% or more.
- the light-emitting device preferably uses an electrode having a transmittance of 40% or more for visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm).
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective electrode is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- the transmittance or reflectance of near-infrared light (light having a wavelength of 750 nm or more and 1300 nm or less) of these electrodes preferably satisfies the above numerical range, similarly to the transmittance or reflectance of visible light.
- the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c each have a light-emitting layer.
- the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c preferably have light-emitting layers that emit light of different colors.
- a light-emitting layer is a layer containing a light-emitting substance.
- the emissive layer can have one or more emissive materials.
- As the light-emitting substance a substance that exhibits emission colors such as blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, and red is used as appropriate.
- a substance that emits near-infrared light can be used as the light-emitting substance.
- the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c include, as layers other than the light-emitting layer, a substance with a high hole-injection property, a substance with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, and an electron layer.
- a layer containing a highly transportable substance, a highly electron-injecting substance, an electron-blocking material, a bipolar substance (a substance with high electron-transporting and hole-transporting properties), or the like may be further included.
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used in the light-emitting device, and inorganic compounds may be included.
- Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c are respectively a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron layer. It may have one or more of the injection layers. Further, each of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c may have a charge generation layer (also referred to as an intermediate layer).
- the fourth layer 314 may have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- the fourth layer 314 preferably has an electron-injection layer.
- the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
- highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
- the thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device can be formed using a sputtering method, a CVD method, a vacuum deposition method, a PLD method, an ALD method, or the like.
- the CVD method includes a plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) method, a thermal CVD method, and the like.
- PECVD plasma enhanced CVD
- thermal CVD thermal CVD
- MOCVD metal organic CVD
- Thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device are spin-coated, dipped, spray-coated, inkjet, dispense, screen-printed, offset-printed, doctor-knife, slit-coated, roll-coated, curtain-coated. , knife coating, or the like.
- vacuum processes such as vapor deposition and solution processes such as spin coating and inkjet can be used to fabricate light-emitting devices.
- vapor deposition methods include physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as sputtering, ion plating, ion beam vapor deposition, molecular beam vapor deposition, and vacuum vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the functional layers (hole injection layer, hole transport layer, light emitting layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, etc.) included in the EL layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method (vacuum vapor deposition method, etc.), a coating method (dip coating method, die coat method, bar coat method, spin coat method, spray coat method, etc.), printing method (inkjet method, screen (stencil printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, flexographic (letterpress printing) method, gravure method, or micro contact method, etc.).
- a vapor deposition method vacuum vapor deposition method, etc.
- a coating method dip coating method, die coat method, bar coat method, spin coat method, spray coat method, etc.
- printing method inkjet method, screen (stencil printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, flexographic (letterpress printing) method, gravure method, or micro contact method, etc.
- the thin film that constitutes the display device When processing the thin film that constitutes the display device, it can be processed using a photolithography method or the like. Alternatively, the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like. Alternatively, an island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- the island-shaped EL layer is not formed by a pattern of a metal mask, but is formed by forming an EL layer over one surface and then processing the EL layer. , an island-shaped EL layer can be formed with a uniform thickness.
- the EL layer can be separately formed for each color, a display device with extremely vivid, high-contrast, and high-quality display can be realized.
- by providing the sacrificial layer over the EL layer damage to the EL layer during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an OS transistor and a light-emitting device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- MML metal maskless
- leakage current that can flow through the transistor and leakage current that can flow between adjacent light-emitting elements also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like
- an observer can observe any one or more of sharpness of the image, sharpness of the image, high saturation, and high contrast ratio.
- the leakage current that can flow in the transistor and the horizontal leakage current between light-emitting elements are extremely low, so that light leakage that can occur during black display (so-called whitening) is extremely small (also called pure black display).
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have a structure in which an insulator covering an end portion of the pixel electrode is not provided. In other words, an insulator is not provided between the pixel electrode and the EL layer.
- the viewing angle (the maximum angle at which a constant contrast ratio is maintained when the screen is viewed obliquely) is 100° or more and less than 180°, preferably 150°. It can be in the range of 170° or more. It should be noted that the above viewing angle can be applied to each of the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the viewing angle dependency can be improved, and the visibility of images can be improved.
- FMM fine metal mask
- a metal mask also called FMM
- FMM metal mask
- EL vapor deposition is performed on a desired region by performing EL vapor deposition through FMM.
- the substrate size for EL vapor deposition increases, the size and weight of the FMM also increase.
- heat or the like is applied to the FMM during EL vapor deposition, the FMM may be deformed.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is manufactured using the MML structure, an excellent effect such as a higher degree of freedom in pixel arrangement and the like than in the FMM structure can be obtained.
- this structure is highly compatible with, for example, a flexible device, and one or both of the pixel and the driver circuit can have various circuit arrangements.
- each EL layer can be manufactured with a configuration (material, film thickness, etc.) suitable for each color light-emitting device. Thereby, a light-emitting device with good characteristics can be produced.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-sized display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes a relatively large screen such as a television device, a desktop or notebook personal computer, a computer monitor, a digital signage, a large game machine such as a pachinko machine, or the like. In addition to electronic devices, it can be used for display portions of digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproducing devices.
- FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the display device 300A
- FIG. 15A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 300A.
- the display device 300A has a configuration in which a substrate 352 and a substrate 351 are bonded together.
- the substrate 352 is clearly indicated by dashed lines.
- the display device 300A has a display section 362, a connection section 340, a circuit 364, wiring 365, and the like.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which an IC 373 and an FPC 372 are mounted on the display device 300A. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 14 can also be said to be a display module including the display device 300A, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.
- the connecting portion 340 is provided outside the display portion 362 .
- the connection portion 340 can be provided along one side or a plurality of sides of the display portion 362 .
- the number of connection parts 340 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which connecting portions 340 are provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the connection part 340 the common electrode of the light emitting device and the conductive layer are electrically connected, and a potential can be supplied to the common electrode.
- a scanning line driving circuit can be used.
- the wiring 365 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display section 362 and the circuit 364 .
- the signal and power are input to the wiring 365 from the outside through the FPC 372 or from the IC 373 .
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which an IC 373 is provided on a substrate 351 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip On Film) method, or the like.
- a COG Chip On Glass
- COF Chip On Film
- the IC 373 for example, an IC having a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be applied.
- the display device 300A and the display module may be configured without an IC.
- the IC may be mounted on the FPC by the COF method or the like.
- part of the area including the FPC 372, part of the circuit 364, part of the display part 362, part of the connection part 340, and part of the area including the end of the display device 300A are cut off.
- An example of a cross section is shown.
- a display device 300A illustrated in FIG. 15A includes a transistor 201 and a transistor 205, a light-emitting device 330a that emits red light, a light-emitting device 330b that emits green light, and a light-emitting device that emits blue light. It has a device 330c and the like.
- the light emitting device 330a has a conductive layer 311a, a conductive layer 312a on the conductive layer 311a, and a conductive layer 326a on the conductive layer 312a. All of the conductive layer 311a, the conductive layer 312a, and the conductive layer 326a can be called pixel electrodes, and some of them can be called pixel electrodes.
- the conductive layer 311 a is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 205 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 324 .
- the end of the conductive layer 312a is positioned outside the end of the conductive layer 311a.
- the edges of the conductive layer 312a and the edges of the conductive layer 326a are aligned or substantially aligned.
- a conductive layer functioning as a reflective electrode can be used for the conductive layers 311a and 312a
- a conductive layer functioning as a transparent electrode can be used for the conductive layer 326a.
- the light emitting device 330b has a conductive layer 311b, a conductive layer 312b on the conductive layer 311b, and a conductive layer 326b on the conductive layer 312b.
- the light emitting device 330c has a conductive layer 311c, a conductive layer 312c on the conductive layer 311c, and a conductive layer 326c on the conductive layer 312c.
- the conductive layers 311 a , 311 b , and 311 c are recessed so as to cover the openings provided in the insulating layer 324 .
- a layer 328 is embedded in the recess.
- the layer 328 has a function of planarizing recesses of the conductive layers 311a, 311b, and 311c.
- a conductive layer 312a, a conductive layer 312b, and a conductive layer 312c electrically connected to the conductive layer 311a, the conductive layer 311b, or the conductive layer 311c are formed over the conductive layer 311a, the conductive layer 311b, the conductive layer 311c, and the layer 328. is provided. Therefore, regions overlapping with the recesses of the conductive layers 311a, 311b, and 311c can also be used as light-emitting regions, and the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased.
- the layer 328 may be an insulating layer or a conductive layer.
- Various inorganic insulating materials, organic insulating materials, and conductive materials can be used for layer 328 as appropriate.
- layer 328 is preferably formed using an insulating material.
- An insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used for the layer 328 .
- an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimideamide resin, a siloxane resin, a benzocyclobutene resin, a phenol resin, precursors of these resins, or the like can be applied.
- a photosensitive resin can be used as the layer 328 .
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the layer 328 can be formed only through exposure and development steps, and dry etching, wet etching, or the like does not affect the surfaces of the conductive layers 311a, 311b, and 311c. can be reduced. Further, by forming the layer 328 using a negative photosensitive resin, the layer 328 can be formed using the same photomask (exposure mask) used for forming the opening of the insulating layer 324 in some cases. be.
- photomask exposure mask
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 312a and the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 326a are covered with the first layer 313a.
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 312b and the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 326b are covered with the second layer 313b.
- the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 312c and the top and side surfaces of the conductive layer 326c are covered with the third layer 313c. Therefore, the entire region provided with the conductive layer 312a, the conductive layer 312b, or the conductive layer 312c can be used as the light-emitting region of the light-emitting device 330a, the light-emitting device 330b, or the light-emitting device 330c. can be enhanced.
- the side surfaces of the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, and the third layer 313c are covered with an insulating layer 325 and an insulating layer 327, respectively.
- a sacrificial layer 318a is positioned between the first layer 313a and the insulating layer 325
- a sacrificial layer 318b is positioned between the second layer 313b and the insulating layer 325
- a third layer 313c and the insulating layer are positioned.
- 325, a sacrificial layer 318c is positioned.
- a fourth layer 314 is provided over the first layer 313a, the second layer 313b, the third layer 313c, the insulating layer 325, and the insulating layer 327, and the common electrode 315 is provided over the fourth layer 314. It is The fourth layer 314 and the common electrode 315 are respectively a continuous film provided in common for the light receiving device and the light emitting device.
- a protective layer 331 is provided on the light emitting device 330a, the light emitting device 330b, and the light emitting device 330c.
- the protective layer 331 and the substrate 352 are adhered via the adhesive layer 342 .
- a solid sealing structure, a hollow sealing structure, or the like can be applied to sealing the light-emitting device.
- the space between substrates 352 and 351 is filled with an adhesive layer 342 to apply a solid sealing structure.
- the space may be filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) to apply a hollow sealing structure.
- the adhesive layer 342 may be provided so as not to overlap the light emitting device. Further, the space may be filled with a resin different from that of the frame-shaped adhesive layer 342 .
- a conductive layer 323 is provided on the insulating layer 324 in the connecting portion 340 .
- the conductive layer 323 is a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 311a, 311b, and 311c, and the same conductive film as the conductive layers 312a, 312b, and 312c. and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 326a, 326b, and 326c.
- the ends of the conductive layer 323 are covered by a sacrificial layer, an insulating layer 325 and an insulating layer 327 .
- a fourth layer 314 is provided over the conductive layer 323 and a common electrode 315 is provided over the fourth layer 314 .
- the conductive layer 323 and common electrode 315 are electrically connected through the fourth layer 314 .
- the fourth layer 314 may not be formed on the connecting portion 340 .
- the conductive layer 323 and the common electrode 315 are directly contacted and electrically connected.
- the display device 300A is of the top emission type. Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 352 side. A material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 352 .
- the pixel electrode contains a material that reflects visible light, and the counter electrode (common electrode 315) contains a material that transmits visible light.
- An insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the transistor.
- An insulating layer 324 is provided over the transistor and functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of insulating layers covering the transistor is not limited, and may be a single layer or two or more layers.
- a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse for at least one insulating layer covering the transistor.
- An inorganic insulating film is preferably used for the insulating layer 215 .
- the inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or the like can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, or the like may be used.
- two or more of the insulating films described above may be laminated and used.
- An organic insulating film can be suitably used for the insulating layer 324 that functions as a planarizing layer.
- Materials that can be used for the organic insulating film include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene-based resins, phenolic resins, and precursors of these resins.
- the insulating layer 324 may have a laminated structure of an organic insulating film and an inorganic insulating film. The outermost layer of the insulating layer 324 preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- the insulating layer 324 may be provided with recesses when the conductive layer 311b, the conductive layer 312b, or the conductive layer 326b is processed.
- a connecting portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 351 where the substrate 352 does not overlap.
- the wiring 365 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 through the conductive layer 366 and the connecting layer 203 .
- the conductive layer 366 is a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 311a, 311b, and 311c, and the same conductive film as the conductive layers 312a, 312b, and 312c. and a conductive film obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 326a, 326b, and 326c.
- the conductive layer 366 is exposed on the upper surface of the connecting portion 204 . Thereby, the connecting portion 204 and the FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connecting layer 203 .
- a light shielding layer 317 is preferably provided on the surface of the substrate 352 on the substrate 351 side.
- the light shielding layer 317 can be provided between adjacent light emitting devices, the connection portion 340, the circuit 364, and the like.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 352 . Examples of optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged on the outside of the substrate 352.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. are arranged. may
- the protective layer 331 that covers the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water from entering the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device, and improve the reliability of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device.
- Glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, resins, metals, alloys, semiconductors, etc. can be used for the substrates 351 and 352, respectively.
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- flexible materials for the substrates 351 and 352 the flexibility of the display device can be increased.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 351 or the substrate 352 .
- the substrates 351 and 352 are made of polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone ( PES) resin, polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE ) resin, ABS resin, cellulose nanofiber, and the like can be used.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- polyamide resin nylon, aramid, etc.
- polysiloxane resin polystyrene resin
- polyamideimide resin polyure
- a substrate having high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetylcellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic films.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- An anisotropic conductive film (ACF), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP), or the like can be used for the connection layer 203 .
- Aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, and tantalum can be used for conductive layers such as gates, sources, and drains of transistors, as well as various wirings and electrodes that constitute display devices. , metals such as tungsten, and alloys containing these metals as main components. A film containing these materials can be used as a single layer or as a laminated structure.
- Conductive oxides such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-containing zinc oxide, or graphene can be used as the conductive material having translucency.
- metal materials such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, and titanium, or alloy materials containing such metal materials can be used.
- a nitride of the metal material eg, titanium nitride
- it is preferably thin enough to have translucency.
- a stacked film of any of the above materials can be used as the conductive layer.
- a laminated film of a silver-magnesium alloy and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased.
- conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes that constitute a display device, and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes or common electrodes) of light-emitting devices.
- Examples of insulating materials that can be used for each insulating layer include resins such as acrylic resins and epoxy resins, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide.
- FIG. 15B is an enlarged view of a cross section including transistor 201 and transistor 205.
- FIG. 15B is an enlarged view of a cross section including transistor 201 and transistor 205.
- the transistor 205 has a semiconductor layer 108, an insulating layer 117, an insulating layer 110, and a conductive layer 112 stacked in this order. Part of the insulating layer 117 and the insulating layer 110 functions as a gate insulating layer of the transistor 201 .
- the conductive layer 112 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 201 .
- the transistor 201 is a so-called top-gate transistor in which a gate electrode is provided over the semiconductor layer 108 .
- the transistor 201 has a semiconductor layer 208, an insulating layer 110, and a conductive layer 212 stacked in this order.
- Part of the insulating layer 110 functions as a gate insulating layer of the transistor 205 .
- a conductive layer 212 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 205 .
- the transistor 205 is a so-called top-gate transistor in which a gate electrode is provided over the semiconductor layer 208 .
- the transistor 205 has a different formation surface of the semiconductor layer from the transistor 201 . Further, the transistor 205 differs from the transistor 201 in the structure of the gate insulating layer.
- Components other than the semiconductor layers of the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 can be formed by the same process. As a result, an increase in the number of steps can be suppressed even when two types of transistors are mounted together.
- a transistor 205 illustrated in FIG. 15B has a conductive layer 106 functioning as a back gate. Further, the transistor 201 illustrated in FIG. 15B has a conductive layer 206 functioning as a back gate.
- a conductive layer 106 is provided on and in contact with the substrate 351 .
- An insulating layer 103 is provided on and in contact with conductive layer 106 and substrate 351 .
- a semiconductor layer 108 is provided on and in contact with the insulating layer 103 .
- Insulating Layer 103 An insulating layer 117 is provided in contact with the top surface of the substrate 351 and the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 108 .
- a semiconductor layer 208 is provided on and in contact with the insulating layer 117 . That is, the semiconductor layer 208 is provided on a surface different from that of the semiconductor layer 108 .
- the insulating layer 117 functions as a base film in the transistor 201 .
- An insulating layer 110 is provided in contact with the upper surface of the insulating layer 117 and the upper surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 208 .
- a conductive layer 112 and a conductive layer 212 are provided on and in contact with the insulating layer 110 .
- the conductive layer 112 has a region which overlaps with the semiconductor layer 108 with the insulating layers 117 and 110 provided therebetween.
- the conductive layer 212 has a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 208 with the insulating layer 110 interposed therebetween.
- the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 preferably further have an insulating layer 118 as shown in FIG. 15B.
- the insulating layer 118 is provided to cover the insulating layer 110 , the conductive layers 112 , and 212 and functions as a protective layer that protects the transistors 201 and 205 .
- the transistor 205 may include conductive layers 222 a and 222 b over the insulating layer 118 .
- the conductive layer 222 a functions as one of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 205
- the conductive layer 222 b functions as the other of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 205 .
- the conductive layers 222a and 222b are electrically connected to the low-resistance region 108N of the semiconductor layer 108 through openings provided in the insulating layers 118, 110, and 117, respectively.
- the transistor 201 may include conductive layers 365 a and 365 b over the insulating layer 118 .
- the conductive layer 365 a functions as one of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 201
- the conductive layer 365 b functions as the other of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 201 .
- the conductive layers 365a and 365b are electrically connected to the low-resistance region 208N of the semiconductor layer 208 through openings provided in the insulating layers 118 and 110, respectively.
- the semiconductor layer 108 and the semiconductor layer 208 preferably contain metal oxides with different compositions.
- the semiconductor layer 108 and the semiconductor layer 208 can be formed by processing metal oxide films with different compositions.
- a display device which is one embodiment of the present invention can include a plurality of transistors having semiconductor layers with different compositions over the same substrate, and components other than the semiconductor layers can be formed through the same process.
- the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor differ depending on the composition of the metal oxide applied to the semiconductor layer. Therefore, by changing the composition of the metal oxide according to the electrical characteristics and reliability required for the transistor, a display device having both excellent electrical characteristics and high reliability can be provided.
- the transistor 201 is applied to a transistor that requires a large on-current will be described as an example.
- the semiconductor layer 208 has the number of indium atoms with respect to the number of atoms of the contained metal element, compared to the semiconductor layer 108.
- High proportions of metal oxides can be used.
- the semiconductor layer 108 can use a metal oxide in which the ratio of the number of gallium atoms to the number of atoms of the contained metal element is higher than that of the semiconductor layer 208 .
- the semiconductor layer 108 is made of In--Ga--Zn oxide and the semiconductor layer 208 is made of a metal oxide containing indium other than the In--Ga--Zn oxide
- the semiconductor layer 208 is similar to the semiconductor layer 108.
- a metal oxide in which the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the number of metal element atoms is high can be used.
- a metal oxide containing indium other than the In-Ga-Zn oxide can also be used for the semiconductor layer 108 .
- a metal oxide in which the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the number of metal element atoms is higher than that of the semiconductor layer 108 can be used.
- the semiconductor layer 108 may be made of a metal oxide in which the ratio of the number of indium atoms to the number of atoms of the contained metal element is higher than that of the semiconductor layer 208 .
- the semiconductor layer 108 has a region overlapping with the conductive layer 112 and a pair of low resistance regions 108N sandwiching the region.
- a region of the semiconductor layer 108 overlapping with the conductive layer 112 functions as a channel formation region of the transistor 205 .
- a pair of low-resistance regions 108N function as source and drain regions of the transistor 205.
- FIG. Similarly, the semiconductor layer 208 has a channel formation region overlapping with the conductive layer 212 and a pair of low resistance regions 208N sandwiching the region.
- the low-resistance region 108N is a region with lower resistance, a region with a higher carrier concentration, a region with a higher oxygen vacancy density, a region with a higher impurity concentration, or an n-type region than the channel formation region of the transistor 205.
- the low-resistance region 208N is a region with lower resistance, a region with a higher carrier concentration, a region with a higher oxygen vacancy density, a region with a higher impurity concentration, or an n-type region than the channel formation region of the transistor 201. It can also be called an area.
- the low resistance region 108N and the low resistance region 208N are regions containing impurity elements.
- impurity elements include hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, arsenic, aluminum, and noble gases.
- noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
- Low resistance region 108N and low resistance region 208N particularly preferably contain boron or phosphorus.
- the low-resistance region 108N and the low-resistance region 208N may contain two or more of the above elements. Note that the low-resistance region 108N and the low-resistance region 208N may contain different impurity elements.
- the low resistance region 108N and the low resistance region 208N can be formed, for example, by adding impurities through the insulating layer 110 using the conductive layer 112 or the conductive layer 212 as a mask.
- the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 364 may all have the same structure, or may have two or more types.
- the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 362 may all have the same structure, or may have two or more types.
- transistors with the same structure may be used for the circuit 364 and the display portion 362 .
- the transistor 205 may be used in the circuit 364.
- a display device 300B shown in FIG. By including the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 in the pixel circuit included in the display portion 362, a highly reliable display device with high display quality can be achieved.
- the manufacturing process of the display device can be simplified as compared with FIGS.
- the display device 300B in FIG. 16 shows an example in which the transistor 201 is used as the transistor forming the circuit 364, the transistor 205 may be used.
- a display device 300C illustrated in FIG. 17 shows an example in which the transistors 201, 205, and 202 are applied as the transistors forming the display portion 362, and the transistor 202 is applied as the transistor forming the circuit 364.
- the pixel circuit included in the display portion 362 includes the transistor 201, the transistor 202, and the transistor 205, a highly reliable display device with high display quality can be realized.
- the transistor 202 includes a semiconductor layer 411, an insulating layer 412, a conductive layer 413, and the like.
- the semiconductor layer 411 has a channel formation region 411i and a low resistance region 411n.
- Semiconductor layer 411 comprises silicon.
- Semiconductor layer 411 preferably comprises polycrystalline silicon. For example, LTPS can be used as polycrystalline silicon.
- Part of the insulating layer 412 functions as a gate insulating layer.
- Part of the conductive layer 413 functions as a gate electrode.
- the low resistance region 411n is a region containing an impurity element.
- the transistor 202 is an n-channel transistor
- phosphorus or arsenic may be added to the low resistance region 411n.
- boron, aluminum, or the like may be added to the low-resistance region 411n.
- the impurity described above may be added to the channel formation region 411i.
- circuit 364 is configured using, for example, both n-channel transistors and p-channel transistors. Alternatively, circuit 364 may consist of only one of n-channel transistors or p-channel transistors.
- the transistor 202 may include conductive layers 421 a and 421 b over the insulating layer 118 .
- the conductive layer 421 a functions as one of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 202
- the conductive layer 421 b functions as the other of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 202 .
- the conductive layers 421a and 421b are electrically connected to the low-resistance region 411n through openings provided in the insulating layers 118, 110, 117, and 412, respectively.
- the conductive layers 421a and 421b electrically connected to the transistor 202 are preferably formed by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 222a, 222b, 365a, and 365b. . This is preferable because the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the conductive layer 413 functioning as the gate electrode of the transistor 202, the conductive layer 206 functioning as the second gate electrode of the transistor 201, and the conductive layer 106 functioning as the second gate of the transistor 205 are the same conductive film. is preferably formed by processing the This is preferable because the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the transistor 202 may have a second gate electrode.
- a conductive layer functioning as the second gate electrode is provided over the substrate 351, an insulating layer is provided so as to be in contact with the conductive layer and the top surface of the substrate 351, A semiconductor layer 411 may be provided over the insulating layer.
- the conductive layer 413 and the conductive layer functioning as the second gate electrode preferably have regions that overlap with each other.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
- the light-emitting device has an EL layer 786 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 772, upper electrode 788).
- EL layer 786 can be composed of multiple layers such as layer 4420 , light-emitting layer 4411 , and layer 4430 .
- the layer 4420 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance with high electron-injection properties (electron-injection layer) and a layer containing a substance with high electron-transport properties (electron-transporting layer).
- the light-emitting layer 4411 contains, for example, a light-emitting compound.
- the layer 4430 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance with high hole-injection properties (hole-injection layer) and a layer containing a substance with high hole-transport properties (hole-transport layer).
- a structure having a layer 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the structure of FIG. 18A is called a single structure in this specification.
- FIG. 18B is a modification of the EL layer 786 of the light emitting device shown in FIG. 18A.
- the light-emitting device shown in FIG. It has a top layer 4422 and a top electrode 788 on layer 4422 .
- layer 4431 functions as a hole injection layer
- layer 4432 functions as a hole transport layer
- layer 4421 functions as an electron transport layer
- Layer 4422 functions as an electron injection layer.
- layer 4431 functions as an electron injection layer
- layer 4432 functions as an electron transport layer
- layer 4421 functions as a hole transport layer
- layer 4421 functions as a hole transport layer
- 4422 functions as a hole injection layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 4411, 4412, and 4413) are provided between layers 4420 and 4430 as shown in FIGS. 18C and 18D is also a variation of the single structure.
- tandem structure a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units (EL layers 786a and 786b) are connected in series via a charge generation layer 4440 is referred to herein as a tandem structure.
- the tandem structure may also be called a stack structure. Note that the tandem structure enables a light-emitting device capable of emitting light with high luminance.
- the light-emitting layers 4411, 4412, and 4413 may be made of a light-emitting material that emits light of the same color, or even the same light-emitting material.
- the light-emitting layers 4411, 4412, and 4413 may be formed using a light-emitting material that emits blue light.
- a color conversion layer may be provided as the layer 785 shown in FIG. 18D.
- light-emitting materials that emit light of different colors may be used.
- white light emission can be obtained.
- a color filter also referred to as a colored layer
- a desired color of light can be obtained by transmitting the white light through the color filter.
- the light-emitting layer 4411 and the light-emitting layer 4412 may be made of a light-emitting material that emits light of the same color, or even the same light-emitting material. Alternatively, light-emitting materials that emit light of different colors may be used for the light-emitting layers 4411 and 4412 . When the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 4411 and the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 4412 are complementary colors, white light emission can be obtained.
- FIG. 18F shows an example in which an additional layer 785 is provided. One or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used for the layer 785 .
- the layer 4420 and the layer 4430 may have a laminated structure consisting of two or more layers as shown in FIG. 18B.
- a structure that separates the emission colors (for example, blue (B), green (G), and red (R)) for each light emitting device is sometimes called an SBS (Side By Side) structure.
- the emission color of the light-emitting device can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like, depending on the material forming the EL layer 786 . Further, the color purity can be further enhanced by providing the light-emitting device with a microcavity structure.
- a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably has a structure in which two or more types of light-emitting substances are contained in the light-emitting layer.
- two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each light-emitting substance has a complementary color relationship.
- the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device that emits white light as a whole. The same applies to light-emitting devices having three or more light-emitting layers.
- the light-emitting layer preferably contains two or more light-emitting substances that emit light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange).
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- Y yellow
- O orange
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it preferably contains indium and zinc. In addition to these, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin and the like are preferably contained. In addition, one or more selected from boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, cobalt, etc. may be contained. .
- a metal oxide can be formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method such as a sputtering method, a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- Crystal structures of oxide semiconductors include amorphous (including completely amorphous), CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), CAC (cloud-aligned composite), single crystal, and polycrystalline ( poly crystal) and the like.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- it can be evaluated using an XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Grazing-Incidence XRD) measurement.
- GIXD Gram-Incidence XRD
- the GIXD method is also called a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is almost bilaterally symmetrical.
- the peak shape of the XRD spectrum is left-right asymmetric.
- the asymmetric shape of the peaks in the XRD spectra demonstrates the presence of crystals in the film or substrate. In other words, the film or substrate cannot be said to be in an amorphous state unless the shape of the peaks in the XRD spectrum is symmetrical.
- the crystal structure of a film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern) observed by nano beam electron diffraction (NBED).
- a diffraction pattern also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern
- NBED nano beam electron diffraction
- a halo is observed in the diffraction pattern of a quartz glass substrate, and it can be confirmed that the quartz glass is in an amorphous state.
- a spot-like pattern is observed instead of a halo. Therefore, it is presumed that the IGZO film deposited at room temperature is neither crystalline nor amorphous, but in an intermediate state and cannot be concluded to be in an amorphous state.
- oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from the above when their structures are focused. For example, oxide semiconductors are classified into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors.
- Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include, for example, the above CAAC-OS and nc-OS.
- Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, amorphous-like oxide semiconductors (a-like OS), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that includes a plurality of crystal regions, and the c-axes of the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction. Note that the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the formation surface of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
- a crystalline region is a region having periodicity in atomic arrangement. If the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystalline region is also a region with a uniform lattice arrangement. Further, CAAC-OS has a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the a-b plane direction, and the region may have strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region with a uniform lattice arrangement and another region with a uniform lattice arrangement in a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and has no obvious orientation in the a-b plane direction.
- each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or more microcrystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
- the maximum diameter of the crystalline region is less than 10 nm.
- the size of the crystal region may be about several tens of nanometers.
- the CAAC-OS includes a layer containing indium (In) and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as an In layer), an element M, zinc (Zn ) and a layer containing oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layer). Note that indium and the element M can be substituted with each other.
- the (M, Zn) layer may contain indium.
- the In layer contains the element M.
- the In layer may contain Zn.
- the layered structure is observed as a lattice image in, for example, a high-resolution TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image.
- spots are observed in the electron beam diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film.
- a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with respect to the spot of the incident electron beam that has passed through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
- the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is basically a hexagonal lattice, but the unit cell is not always a regular hexagon and may be a non-regular hexagon. Moreover, the distortion may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon or a heptagon. Note that in CAAC-OS, no clear crystal grain boundary can be observed even near the strain. That is, it can be seen that the distortion of the lattice arrangement suppresses the formation of grain boundaries. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate strain due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal atoms. it is conceivable that.
- a crystal structure in which clear grain boundaries are confirmed is called a polycrystal.
- a grain boundary becomes a recombination center, traps carriers, and is highly likely to cause a decrease in on-current of a transistor, a decrease in field-effect mobility, and the like. Therefore, a CAAC-OS in which no clear grain boundaries are observed is one of crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for a semiconductor layer of a transistor.
- a structure containing Zn is preferable for forming a CAAC-OS.
- In--Zn oxide and In--Ga--Zn oxide are preferable because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries more than In oxide.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries is less likely to occur in CAAC-OS.
- a CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the use of the CAAC-OS for the OS transistor makes it possible to increase the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process.
- nc-OS has periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (eg, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has minute crystals.
- the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also called a nanocrystal.
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
- an nc-OS may be indistinguishable from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to structural analysis using an XRD apparatus, out-of-plane XRD measurement using ⁇ /2 ⁇ scanning does not detect a peak indicating crystallinity.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron beam diffraction (also referred to as selected area electron beam diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter larger than that of nanocrystals (for example, 50 nm or more), a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is obtained. is observed.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron diffraction (also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter close to or smaller than the size of a nanocrystal (for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less)
- an electron beam diffraction pattern is obtained in which a plurality of spots are observed within a ring-shaped area centered on the direct spot.
- An a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between an nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- An a-like OS has void or low density regions. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS. In addition, the a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the film than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- CAC-OS relates to material composition.
- CAC-OS is, for example, one structure of a material in which elements constituting a metal oxide are unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or in the vicinity thereof.
- the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size in the vicinity thereof.
- the mixed state is also called mosaic or patch.
- CAC-OS is a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). ). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
- the atomic ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting the CAC-OS in the In--Ga--Zn oxide are denoted by [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
- the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the second region is a region where [Ga] is greater than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
- the first region is a region whose main component is indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like.
- the second region is a region containing gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like as a main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Also, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
- a clear boundary between the first region and the second region may not be observed.
- CAC-OS in In--Ga--Zn oxide means a region containing Ga as a main component and a region containing In as a main component in a material structure containing In, Ga, Zn, and O. , and , are mosaic-like, and refer to a configuration in which these regions are randomly present. Therefore, CAC-OS is presumed to have a structure in which metal elements are unevenly distributed.
- the CAC-OS can be formed, for example, by sputtering under the condition that the substrate is not heated.
- a sputtering method one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas. good.
- an inert gas typically argon
- oxygen gas typically argon
- a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas. good.
- the lower the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film formation gas during film formation, the better. is preferably 0% or more and 10% or less.
- EDX mapping obtained using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows a region (first region) containing In as a main component and a region containing Ga as a main component. It can be confirmed that the region (second region) having as the main component is unevenly distributed and has a mixed structure.
- the first region is a region with higher conductivity than the second region. That is, when carriers flow through the first region, conductivity as a metal oxide is developed. Therefore, by distributing the first region in the form of a cloud in the metal oxide, a high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
- the second region is a region with higher insulation than the first region.
- the leakage current can be suppressed by distributing the second region in the metal oxide.
- CAC-OS when used for a transistor, the conductivity caused by the first region and the insulation caused by the second region act in a complementary manner to provide a switching function (turning ON/OFF). functions) can be given to the CAC-OS.
- a part of the material has a conductive function
- a part of the material has an insulating function
- the whole material has a semiconductor function.
- CAC-OS A transistor using CAC-OS is highly reliable. Therefore, CAC-OS is most suitable for various display devices including display devices.
- Oxide semiconductors have a variety of structures, each with different characteristics.
- An oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS. may
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier concentration is preferably used for a transistor.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 3 or less. 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is sometimes referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has a low defect level density, so the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor whose channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap level density might have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/ cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less. , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- Hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen that bonds to a metal atom to form water, which may cause oxygen vacancies. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons, which are carriers, may be generated. In addition, part of hydrogen may bond with oxygen that bonds with a metal atom to generate an electron, which is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms/cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 .
- An electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily have high definition and high resolution. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- Electronic devices include, for example, televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, electronic devices with relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines, and digital cameras. , digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, sound reproduction devices, and the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices. wearable devices that can be attached to
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels), FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 ⁇ 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 4K (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels).
- the resolution it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and 3000 ppi or more.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, 16:10.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage , power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, functions to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display, touch panel functions, functions to display calendars, dates or times, functions to execute various software (programs), wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- An electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 19A is a mobile information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 has a housing 6501, a display unit 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 .
- FIG. 19B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded portion.
- An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515.
- the FPC 6515 is connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the flexible display of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511 . Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced and the large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the display portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- FIG. 20A An example of a television device is shown in FIG. 20A.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 20A can be performed using operation switches provided in the housing 7101 and a separate remote control operation device 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display section for displaying information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication is performed. is also possible.
- FIG. 20B shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- FIGS. 20C and 20D An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 20C and 20D.
- a digital signage 7300 shown in FIG. 20C includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 20D shows a digital signage 7400 attached to a cylindrical pillar 7401.
- a digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 20C and 20D.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at once.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only can images or moving images be displayed on the display unit 7000, but also the user can intuitively operate the display unit 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or digital signage 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal 7311 or information terminal 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched by operating the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- the digital signage 7300 or 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operating means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- the display portion included in the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes a light receiving device as a sensor device.
- the display section By configuring the display section to have both a light emitting device and a light receiving device, it is possible to reduce the number of parts.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes both a light-emitting device and a sensor device. There is no need to separately provide a touch panel device or the like. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device whose manufacturing cost is reduced can be provided.
- the electronic device shown in FIGS. 21A to 21F includes a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed). , acceleration, angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays function), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 21A to 21F have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, a function to control processing by various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device is equipped with a camera, etc., and has the function of capturing still images or moving images and storing them in a recording medium (external or built into the camera), or the function of displaying the captured image on the display unit, etc. good.
- FIGS. 21A to 21F Details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 21A to 21F will be described below.
- FIG. 21A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smart phone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces.
- FIG. 21A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- Information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can also be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001 . Examples of the information 9051 include notification of incoming e-mail, SNS, phone call, title of e-mail or SNS, sender name, date and time, remaining battery power, radio wave intensity, and the like.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 21B is a perspective view showing the mobile information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display portion 9001 .
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can confirm the information 9053 displayed at a position where the mobile information terminal 9102 can be viewed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether to receive a call.
- FIG. 21C is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch (registered trademark), for example.
- the display portion 9001 has a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make hands-free calls by mutual communication with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can transmit data to and from another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006, and can be charged. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- FIG. 21D to 21F are perspective views showing a foldable personal digital assistant 9201.
- FIG. 21D is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state
- FIG. 21F is a folded state
- FIG. 21E is a perspective view of a state in the middle of changing from one of FIGS. 21D and 21F to the other.
- the portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state, and has excellent display visibility due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055 .
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
- Example 2 characteristics of an OS transistor of one embodiment of the present invention and a transistor using LTPS are shown.
- a tungsten film with a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a substrate by a sputtering method and processed to form a first conductive layer.
- a first insulating layer was formed on the substrate and the first conductive layer by plasma CVD.
- the first insulating layer had a stacked structure of a silicon nitride film with a thickness of 120 nm and a silicon oxynitride film with a thickness of 150 nm.
- a metal oxide film with a thickness of 25 nm was formed on the first insulating layer and processed to obtain a semiconductor layer.
- a silicon oxynitride film with a thickness of 140 nm was formed as a second insulating layer over the semiconductor layer by plasma CVD.
- the second conductive layer had a laminated structure of a titanium layer with a thickness of 50 nm, an aluminum layer with a thickness of 200 nm, and a titanium layer with a thickness of 50 nm.
- a third insulating layer is formed on the second conductive layer, an opening reaching the semiconductor layer is provided in the third insulating layer, and the opening is embedded so as to function as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- a conductive layer was formed respectively.
- transistors using LTPS were manufactured.
- the thickness of LTPS was set to 50 nm.
- Silicon oxynitride was used for the gate insulating layer, and the thickness was set to 110 nm.
- the transistor has a top-gate structure and has a back gate.
- a 140-nm-thick silicon nitride oxide layer was provided over the back gate, a 100-nm-thick silicon oxynitride layer was provided over the silicon nitride oxide layer, and LTPS was provided over the silicon oxynitride layer.
- the transistor 2 is an n-channel transistor
- the transistor 3 is a p-channel transistor.
- the Id-Vg characteristics of a transistor are measured by applying a voltage applied to a gate electrode (hereinafter also referred to as a gate voltage (Vg)) from ⁇ 15 V to +20 V in increments of 0.1 V (indicated by Pscan in the diagram). , was measured from +20 V to -15 V in steps of 0.1 V (denoted as Mscan in the figure).
- the voltage applied to the source electrode (hereinafter also referred to as source voltage (Vs)) is 0 V (comm)
- drain voltage (Vd)) is 0.1 V and 10 V. and Note that the drain current (Id) was measured at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 A as the upper limit.
- the Id-Vg characteristics were measured when the same gate voltage was applied to the second gate electrode and the first gate electrode.
- a transistor with a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m was used as the design values.
- the OS transistor a transistor with a channel length of 6 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m as designed values was also used.
- the Id-Vg characteristics of each transistor are shown in FIGS. 22A, 22B, 23A and 23B, respectively.
- the horizontal axis indicates the gate voltage (Vg) and the vertical axis indicates the drain current (Id). Also, two Id-Vg characteristics when the drain voltage is 0.1V and 10V are shown together.
- FIG. 22A shows an n-channel OS transistor with a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m
- FIG. 22B shows an n-channel OS transistor with a channel length of 6 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m
- FIG. 23A shows a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m.
- An n-channel LTPS transistor, and FIG. 22B shows Id-Vg characteristics of a p-channel LTPS transistor with a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 6 ⁇ m.
- an Id-Vg curve (Pscan) obtained by sweeping the gate voltage in the positive direction and an Id-Vg curve (Mscan) obtained by sweeping the gate voltage in the negative direction is extremely small, and the hysteresis can be kept small.
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Abstract
Description
図2は、画素の構成例を示す図である。
図3Aは、画素の動作例を説明するタイミングチャートである。図3Bは、画素の構成例を示す図である。
図4Aは、画素の構成例を示す図である。図4Bは、画素の構成例を示す図である。
図5Aおよび図5Bは、画素の構成例を示す図である。
図6は、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図7A及び図7Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図8A乃至図8Eは、画素の配列例を示す図である。
図9Aは、表示装置の一例を示す上面図である。図9Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図10A乃至図10Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図11A及び図11Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図12A乃至図12Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図13A乃至図13Fは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図14は、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図15Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図15Bは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図16は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図17は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図18A乃至図18Fは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。
図19A及び図19Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図20A乃至図20Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図21A乃至図21Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図22Aおよび図22Bは、トランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す。
図23Aおよび図23Bは、トランジスタのId−Vg特性を示す。
本発明の一態様の表示装置は、各々の画素が有する画素回路の電流ばらつきを抑制し、優れた表示品位を実現することができる。また、本発明の一態様の表示装置は特に、低いフレーム周波数で表示部に画像を表示する場合に、消費電力を低減し、かつ、優れた表示品位を実現することができる。
図1Aには、本発明の一態様の画素Pxの一例を示す。
次に、図3A、図3B、図4Aおよび図4Bを用いて、図1Aに示す画素Pxの動作の一例を示す。また、以下の動作例において、ノードND1、ノードND2およびノードND3の電位をそれぞれ図3B、図4Aおよび図4B等において、電位VND1、電位VND2、および電位VND3と示す場合がある。
まず時刻t1において、配線Vscan1および配線Vem2に高電位信号Hが与えられ、配線Vscan2および配線Vem1に低電位信号Lが与えられる。
次に、時刻t2において、配線Vscan1および配線Vscan2に高電位信号が与えられ、配線Vem1および配線Vem2に低電位信号Lが与えられる。
次に、時刻t3において、配線Vem1および配線Vem2に高電位信号が与えられ、配線Vscan1および配線Vscan2に低電位信号Lが与えられる。
発光素子EL1は、1フレーム期間中に発光素子を点灯し続けることができる。このような駆動方法を「ホールド型」または「ホールド型駆動」ともいう。表示装置の駆動方法をホールド型駆動にすることで、表示画面のフリッカ減少などを軽減できる。一方でホールド型駆動では、動画表示において残像感および画像のぼやけなどが生じやすい。動画を表示したときに人が感じる解像度を「動画解像度」ともいう。すなわち、ホールド型駆動は動画解像度が低下しやすい。
OSトランジスタに用いることのできる酸化物半導体について、以下に説明する。OSトランジスタには酸化物半導体として、以下に示す金属酸化物などを用いることができる。
図5Aに、画素の構成例を示す。図5Aに示す画素Pxは、画素回路51と、発光素子EL1と、を有する。画素回路51は、トランジスタTr1、Tr2、Tr6および容量C1を有する。
本発明の一態様の画素を用いた表示装置の構成例について説明する。
以下では、表示装置10が有する第1の駆動回路12のより具体的な構成例について説明する。
図6で例示した第1の駆動回路12は、デジタル信号をアナログ信号に変換して表示部11に出力する構成であったが、入力信号としてアナログ信号を用いることにより、第1の駆動回路12の構成をより簡素にすることができる。
本発明の一態様のトランジスタが有する半導体層に適用できる金属酸化物の組成について、説明する。なお、金属酸化物の組成を、半導体層の組成に置き換えて記す場合がある。
半導体層中のインジウムの含有率を高くすることにより、オン電流の大きいトランジスタを実現することができる。
トランジスタの信頼性を評価する指標の1つとして、ゲートに電界を印加した状態で保持する、GBT(Gate Bias Temperature)ストレス試験がある。その中でも、ソース電位及びドレイン電位に対して、ゲートに正の電位(正バイアス)を与えた状態で、高温下で保持する試験をPBTS(Positive Bias Temperature Stress)試験、ゲートに負の電位(負バイアス)を与えた状態で、高温下で保持する試験をNBTS(Negative Bias Temperature Stress)試験と呼ぶ。また、光を照射した状態で行うPBTS試験及びNBTS試験をそれぞれ、PBTIS(Positive Bias Temperature Illumination Stress)試験、NBTIS(Negative Bias Temperature Illumination Stress)試験と呼ぶ。
半導体層にガリウムを含まない、またはガリウムの含有率の低い金属酸化物を用いることにより、正バイアス印加に対する信頼性が高いトランジスタとすることができる。つまり、PBTS試験でのしきい値電圧の変動量が小さいトランジスタとすることができる。また、ガリウムを含む金属酸化物を用いる場合は、インジウムの含有率よりも、ガリウムの含有率を低くすることが好ましい。これにより、信頼性の高いトランジスタを実現することができる。
半導体層中の元素Mの含有率を高くすることにより、光に対する信頼性の高いトランジスタとすることができる。つまり、NBTIS試験でのしきい値電圧の変動量が小さいトランジスタとすることができる。具体的には、元素Mの原子数比がインジウムの原子数比以上である金属酸化物はバンドギャップがより大きくなり、トランジスタのNBTIS試験でのしきい値電圧の変動量を小さくすることができる。また、バンドギャップがより大きくなることにより、トランジスタのオフ電流をさらに低くできる場合がある。半導体層が有する金属酸化物のバンドギャップは、2.0eV以上が好ましく、さらには2.5eV以上が好ましく、さらには3.0eV以上が好ましく、さらには3.2eV以上が好ましく、さらには3.3eV以上が好ましく、さらには3.4eV以上が好ましく、さらには3.5eV以上が好ましい。
以下では、表示装置の具体的な構成例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について図14、図15A、および図15Bを用いて説明する。
図14に、表示装置300Aの斜視図を示し、図15Aに、表示装置300Aの断面図を示す。
図15Bは、トランジスタ201およびトランジスタ205を含む断面の拡大図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる発光デバイスについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物(酸化物半導体ともいう)について説明する。
酸化物半導体の結晶構造として、アモルファス(completely amorphousを含む)、CAAC(c−axis−aligned crystalline)、nc(nanocrystalline)、CAC(cloud−aligned composite)、単結晶(single crystal)、及び多結晶(poly crystal)等が挙げられる。
なお、酸化物半導体は、構造に着目した場合、上記とは異なる分類となる場合がある。例えば、酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体は、例えば、上述のCAAC−OS、及びnc−OSがある。また、非単結晶酸化物半導体には、多結晶酸化物半導体、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、非晶質酸化物半導体、などが含まれる。
CAAC−OSは、複数の結晶領域を有し、当該複数の結晶領域はc軸が特定の方向に配向している酸化物半導体である。なお、特定の方向とは、CAAC−OS膜の厚さ方向、CAAC−OS膜の被形成面の法線方向、またはCAAC−OS膜の表面の法線方向である。また、結晶領域とは、原子配列に周期性を有する領域である。なお、原子配列を格子配列とみなすと、結晶領域とは、格子配列の揃った領域でもある。さらに、CAAC−OSは、a−b面方向において複数の結晶領域が連結する領域を有し、当該領域は歪みを有する場合がある。なお、歪みとは、複数の結晶領域が連結する領域において、格子配列の揃った領域と、別の格子配列の揃った領域と、の間で格子配列の向きが変化している箇所を指す。つまり、CAAC−OSは、c軸配向し、a−b面方向には明らかな配向をしていない酸化物半導体である。
nc−OSは、微小な領域(例えば、1nm以上10nm以下の領域、特に1nm以上3nm以下の領域)において原子配列に周期性を有する。別言すると、nc−OSは、微小な結晶を有する。なお、当該微小な結晶の大きさは、例えば、1nm以上10nm以下、特に1nm以上3nm以下であることから、当該微小な結晶をナノ結晶ともいう。また、nc−OSは、異なるナノ結晶間で結晶方位に規則性が見られない。そのため、膜全体で配向性が見られない。従って、nc−OSは、分析方法によっては、a−like OSまたは非晶質酸化物半導体と区別が付かない場合がある。例えば、nc−OS膜に対し、XRD装置を用いて構造解析を行うと、θ/2θスキャンを用いたOut−of−plane XRD測定では、結晶性を示すピークが検出されない。また、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶よりも大きいプローブ径(例えば50nm以上)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(制限視野電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ハローパターンのような回折パターンが観測される。一方、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶の大きさと近いかナノ結晶より小さいプローブ径(例えば1nm以上30nm以下)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(ナノビーム電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ダイレクトスポットを中心とするリング状の領域内に複数のスポットが観測される電子線回折パターンが取得される場合がある。
a−like OSは、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の構造を有する酸化物半導体である。a−like OSは、鬆または低密度領域を有する。即ち、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、結晶性が低い。また、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、膜中の水素濃度が高い。
次に、上述のCAC−OSの詳細について、説明を行う。なお、CAC−OSは材料構成に関する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つまたは複数の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図19乃至図21を用いて説明する。
トランジスタ1として、OSトランジスタを作製した。
トランジスタ2およびトランジスタ3として、LTPSを用いたトランジスタを作製した。LTPSの厚さを50nmとした。また、ゲート絶縁層として酸化窒化シリコンを用い、厚さを110nmとした。また、トランジスタはトップゲート型の構造とし、バックゲートを有する構成とした。バックゲート上に厚さ140nmの窒化酸化シリコンを設け、窒化酸化シリコン上に厚さ100nmの酸化窒化シリコンを設け、酸化窒化シリコン上にLTPSを設ける構成とした。トランジスタ2はnチャネル型トランジスタ、トランジスタ3はpチャネル型トランジスタとした。
続いて、上記で作製した試料について、トランジスタのId−Vg特性を測定した。
Claims (7)
- 第1トランジスタと、第2トランジスタと、第3トランジスタと、発光素子と、を有し、
前記発光素子は、前記第1トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第1トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方は、前記第2トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタのゲート電極は、前記第3トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタの半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛および元素Mを有し、
前記元素Mは、ガリウム、アルミニウム、イットリウム、スズ、シリコン、ホウ素、銅、バナジウム、ベリリウム、チタン、鉄、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ランタン、セリウム、ネオジム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、マグネシウム、及びコバルトから選ばれた一種または複数種であり、
前記第3トランジスタの半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛および前記元素Mを有し、
前記第2トランジスタの半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛および前記元素Mの原子数の合計に対する前記インジウムの原子数の割合が30原子%以上100原子%以下であり、
前記第2トランジスタは、前記発光素子の発光量を制御する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第3トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方は、前記第2トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタの半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛および前記元素Mの原子数の合計に対する前記インジウムの原子数の割合が、前記第3トランジスタの半導体層より高い表示装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2において、
前記第3トランジスタの半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛および前記元素Mの原子数の合計に対する前記元素Mの原子数の割合が、前記第2トランジスタの半導体層より高い表示装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記第3トランジスタの前記半導体層は、含有される金属元素の原子数に対する前記元素Mの原子数の割合が20原子%以上60原子%以下である表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
第4トランジスタと、第5トランジスタと、第1配線と、容量と、駆動回路と、を有し、
前記第4トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方は、前記第2トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第5トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方は、前記第2トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第4トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方は、前記第1配線と電気的に接続され、
前記容量の第1電極は、前記第1トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記容量の第2電極は、前記第2トランジスタのゲートと電気的に接続され、
前記第1配線は、前記駆動回路から出力されるビデオ信号を前記第4トランジスタのソースおよびドレインの他方に与える機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記第2トランジスタ、前記第3トランジスタおよび前記第4トランジスタをオン状態とし、かつ、前記第1トランジスタおよび前記第5トランジスタをオフ状態とすることにより、前記第2トランジスタのゲートに電位を書き込む機能を有し、
前記電位が書き込まれた後、前記第3トランジスタおよび前記第4トランジスタをオフ状態とすることにより、書き込まれた前記電位を保持する機能を有する表示装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記第2トランジスタ、前記第3トランジスタおよび前記第4トランジスタをオン状態とし、かつ、前記第1トランジスタおよび前記第5トランジスタをオフ状態とすることにより、前記第2トランジスタのゲートに電位を書き込む機能を有し、
前記電位が書き込まれた後、前記第3トランジスタおよび前記第4トランジスタをオフ状態とすることにより、書き込まれた前記電位を保持する機能を有し、
前記電位が保持された後、前記第1トランジスタ、前記第2トランジスタおよび前記第5トランジスタをオン状態とすることにより、前記発光素子に電流を流し、前記発光素子の発光量を制御する機能を有する表示装置。
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JP2018025777A (ja) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置および電子機器 |
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JP2012252329A (ja) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-12-20 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | アクティブマトリクス型表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
US20170092196A1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-03-30 | Apple Inc. | Device and method for improving led driving |
JP2018025777A (ja) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置および電子機器 |
KR20180079082A (ko) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기발광 표시패널 및 이를 이용한 유기발광 표시장치 |
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CN117121086A (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
US20240169914A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
KR20230169177A (ko) | 2023-12-15 |
JPWO2022224074A1 (ja) | 2022-10-27 |
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