WO2022219733A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022219733A1 WO2022219733A1 PCT/JP2021/015384 JP2021015384W WO2022219733A1 WO 2022219733 A1 WO2022219733 A1 WO 2022219733A1 JP 2021015384 W JP2021015384 W JP 2021015384W WO 2022219733 A1 WO2022219733 A1 WO 2022219733A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/084—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to power converters.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-100000 discloses a technique of performing an operation to identify a fault location after detecting occurrence of a short-circuit fault in a switching element of an inverter circuit.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for performing an operation to identify the type of failure and the location of the failure after detecting a short-circuit failure in a switching element of an inverter circuit or a failure in a current sensor that detects the current flowing through the inverter circuit.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-200002 discloses a technique of performing an operation to identify a failure location after detecting occurrence of failure of a current sensor that detects current flowing through an inverter circuit.
- the method of identifying the failure location described in Patent Document 1 uses a switching pattern in which all the switching elements of the inverter circuit are turned off, and then a switching pattern in which the switching elements are turned on one by one. The point where the short-circuit failure of the switching element has occurred is specified using the value of the current sensor at that time. However, when the short-circuit resistance value of the short-circuited switching element is small, the through current generated becomes a large current exceeding the rated current of the switching element, which may cause heat generation and further failure. Further, the method of identifying the failure location of Patent Document 1 relates to a short-circuit failure of the switching element, and cannot identify the failure location of the current sensor.
- the method of identifying the type of failure and the location of the failure described in Patent Document 2 uses a switching pattern that turns off all the switching elements of the inverter circuit after detecting an abnormality in which the current value is excessive. If the motor terminal voltage becomes abnormal when the motor rotation speed becomes lower than the specified value, it is identified as a short-circuit failure of the switching element, and the motor terminal voltage does not become abnormal. In some cases, it is specified as a failure of the current sensor. However, in this method, it is necessary to wait until the rotation speed of the motor becomes lower than the specified value in order to prevent erroneous determination due to the back electromotive force of the motor.
- the motor terminal voltage will not be abnormal.
- the short-circuit failure of the switching element is erroneously determined to be the failure of the current sensor.
- the specified value of the rotation speed of the motor is made sufficiently small so as not to make an erroneous determination, it takes a long time to wait until the rotation speed of the motor reaches the specified value, making it impossible to specify the failure in a short time.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the circumstances described above, and is a power conversion device that prevents the occurrence of large currents and accurately identifies failures in a short time when identifying failures in an inverter circuit and a current sensor.
- One of the purposes is to provide
- a power conversion device includes a multiphase inverter circuit configured to include a plurality of switching elements, a current sensor that detects current in the inverter circuit and outputs the detected current value, and the inverter circuit.
- a terminal voltage detection unit that detects a terminal voltage of a load connected to the terminal voltage and outputs the detected voltage value;
- a switching element drive circuit that controls a plurality of switching elements of the inverter circuit according to a commanded switching pattern; a fault detection unit for detecting a fault in the inverter circuit or the current sensor; and after the fault detection unit detects a fault, the fault detection unit issues a command to the switching element drive circuit in accordance with the type of fault that can be detected.
- the switching pattern is switched, and based on the current value detected by the current sensor or the voltage value detected by the terminal voltage detection unit at the time of control by the switching pattern, the type and location of failure of the inverter circuit or the current sensor. and a failure identification unit that performs identification processing.
- the present disclosure when identifying failures in the inverter circuit and the current sensor, it is possible to identify the failures accurately in a short time while preventing the occurrence of large currents.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration example of a power converter according to a first embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the path of through current when a short circuit fault occurs in a switching element; The figure which shows the list of the detection value behavior at the time of each failure occurrence.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a failure detection method according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of failure identification processing according to the first embodiment
- the block diagram which shows the whole structural example of the power converter device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a failure detection method according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of failure identification processing according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an electric power steering system according to a third embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a power conversion device 10 according to this embodiment.
- the power conversion device 10 according to the present embodiment can be used by connecting to a multiphase load 2, but for simplicity of explanation, the loads 2 are U-phase, V-phase, A case of application to a three-phase brushless motor having a W-phase will be described as an example.
- the inverter circuit 1 includes upper switching elements FET1, FET2, and FET3, lower switching elements FET4, FET5, and FET6, and current sensors CT1, CT2, and CT3 for U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively.
- the current sensors CT1-CT3 detect the current flowing through each phase of the inverter circuit 1 and output detected current values.
- Each of the current sensors CT1-3 is connected in series with each of the upper switching elements FET1-3 or each of the lower switching elements FET4-6.
- FIG. 1 the configuration in which the current sensors CT1 to CT3 are connected to the lower switching elements FET4 to FET6, respectively, will be described as an example.
- the terminal voltage detector 3 detects terminal voltages of terminals connected to each phase of the load 2 and outputs detected voltage values.
- the switching element drive circuit 4 instructs the switching elements FET1 to FET6 included in the inverter circuit 1 to switch ON or OFF based on a switching pattern to be described later or a switching instruction for driving a load.
- the above switching command is used as an input in a normal state with no failure. is used as input.
- the failure detection unit 5 determines whether or not the switching elements FET1-6 or the current sensors CT1-3 included in the inverter circuit 1 have failed.
- the failure detector 5 outputs a failure detection signal when determining that a failure has occurred.
- the failure determination method by the failure detection unit 5 includes current values detected by the current sensors CT1 to 3, voltage values detected by the terminal voltage detection unit 3, detection values of the rotation angle of the load 2, and when the inverter circuit 1 is driven normally. There is a method of monitoring these values themselves, such as the voltage command value applied as a command signal to , or a value obtained by performing four arithmetic operations on these values, and determining failure depending on whether or not the value is abnormal.
- the failure determination method by the failure detection unit 5 can be performed by using a failure detection function provided in hardware such as a microcomputer (microcomputer) or a driver that constitutes the voltage command value generation unit (not shown) or the switching element drive circuit 4.
- a failure detection function provided in hardware such as a microcomputer (microcomputer) or a driver that constitutes the voltage command value generation unit (not shown) or the switching element drive circuit 4.
- a determination method or the like to be used may be used.
- failure factors that can be detected by the failure detection unit 5 include short-circuit failures of the switching elements FET1 to 6, fixed upper and lower limit failures (saturation failures) of the current sensors CT1 to 3, A gain error is assumed.
- a gain is an amplification factor of a detected current value with respect to an actual current, which is an input signal.
- the failure identification unit 6 outputs a switching pattern according to the failure detection signal output from the failure detection unit 5, and performs failure identification processing for identifying the failure based on the detected current value and the detected voltage value when the switching pattern is output. I do.
- a series of operation patterns for turning ON or OFF each of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 in order to specify a failure is referred to as a "switching pattern”. Identifying the type of failure and the location of the failure are generally referred to as "identifying the failure”, “identifying the failure”, and the like.
- FETs are used as the switching elements of the inverter circuit 1, but any switching element device that drives the load 2 by turning ON or OFF depending on the voltage command value of each phase can be applied.
- a thyristor, a bipolar transistor, or the like may be used as the switching element included in the inverter circuit 1 .
- the current sensors CT1 to CT3 are configured to use shunt resistors, but any sensor capable of detecting current can be applied.
- a CT Current Transformer
- Hall element or the like may be used as the current sensors CT1 to CT3.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the path of through current when a switching element is short-circuited.
- the switching element driving circuit 4 controls the upper and lower switching elements of the same phase so that they are not turned on at the same time.
- the switching element short-circuits in other words, when the switching element is always ON, if the switching element on the normal side of the faulty phase is controlled to be ON, the upper and lower switching elements of the faulty phase are simultaneously turned ON.
- Vdc in Equation 1 is the voltage of the power supply.
- R0 in Equation 1 is the sum of the resistance values in the short-circuit path other than the short-circuited switching element, which includes the resistance of the normal side switching element connected in series with the short-circuited switching element, Current sensor resistance, wiring resistance, etc. are included.
- the through current value I increases as the short circuit resistance value R decreases. Flowing an excessive through current leads to heat generation and failure of normal switching elements.
- the short-circuit resistance value Ra can be expressed by the following equation (Formula 2).
- the fault identification unit 6 determines whether or not the fault detection method detected by the fault detection unit 5 can detect a fault less than the short-circuit resistance value Ra, using the short-circuit resistance value Ra as a threshold value. Switch processing. It is recommended that the short-circuit resistance value Ra be set to be larger than the equal sign value of Equation 2 in consideration of the safety factor against variations in the resistance value R0 or the voltage Vdc in Equation 2.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a list of detected value behaviors when each failure occurs. This list shows the correspondence between detected value behaviors and fault types. However, with respect to the behavior of the fault phase of the detected voltage value in the short circuit fault of the switching element and the behavior of the fault phase absolute value of the detected current value when the lower switching element is ON, if the influence of the induced power due to the load 2 can be ignored. limited to
- the behavior of the "detected voltage value” is “large” for the upper side fault and “small” for the lower side fault in both the “fault phase” and "three-phase average” short-circuit fault of the switching element. It takes a normal value in the case of a fault (saturation fault, gain anomaly, etc.). “Large” means that the voltage value is high. “Small” means that the voltage value is low. According to this detection value behavior, it is possible to detect a short-circuit failure of a switching element with a short-circuit resistance value less than Ra and a short-circuit failure of a switching element with a short-circuit resistance value Ra or more, depending on the setting of the failure determination threshold.
- the "detected current value when the lower switching element is ON” detects the values of the current sensors CT1 to CT3 when the lower switching element is ON.
- the "absolute value of the failed phase” indicating the absolute value of the failed phase of the "current value detected when the lower switching element is ON” is based on the absolute value of the current of each phase flowing through the current sensors CT1 to CT3. This is for judging failure.
- This "failure phase absolute value” indicates an abnormal value due to a short-circuit failure of the upper switching element and a failure of the current sensor (saturation failure, gain abnormality, etc.).
- the "three-phase sum" of the "detected current value when the lower switching element is ON” is "0" if the current flowing through the current sensors CT1 to CT3 is correctly energized when the load 2 is a three-phase, three-wire system. , and if it does not become “0", it is judged to be abnormal.
- This makes it possible to detect a short-circuit failure of the upper switching element and an abnormality in the gain of the current sensor.
- failure of the lower switching element cannot be detected by the "detected current value when the lower switching element is ON.” .
- the "detected current value when the upper switching element is ON” detects the values of the current sensors CT1 to CT3 when the upper switching element is ON. If there is no failure in the inverter circuit 1 or the current sensors CT1-CT3, it becomes “0". If this value is not "0", it means that a short-circuit failure of the lower switching element or a saturation failure of the current sensor has occurred.
- the fault detection unit 5 can detect a fault according to the "detected value behavior", and at that time, can also narrow down candidates for the type of fault.
- failure identification processing is executed to identify failures using any one of the "first to fifth failure detection methods" shown in FIG. 4 according to the "detected value behavior”.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a failure detection method provided in the failure detection unit 5 according to this embodiment. This figure shows the correspondence between each fault detection method and the types of detectable faults.
- the failure detection unit 5 has one or more failure detection methods.
- the failure detection method provided in the failure detection unit 5 may be of only one type, but it should be able to detect various failures, shorten the time required for failure detection, or reliably perform failure detection. For purposes, multiple fault detection schemes may be provided.
- an example of five types of failure detection methods is shown, but the types of failure detection methods are not limited to five types, and may be less than or more than five types.
- the detectable failure factors are determined by failure detection settings such as the types of values used for failure detection, their judgment conditions, and the establishment time conditions that define the time during which the judgment conditions continue to hold. Further, by setting strict failure detection conditions, such as using a logical product of a plurality of judgment conditions, it is possible to detect only the target failure type.
- the "detected voltage value” can detect the short circuit failure of the switching element regardless of the value of the short circuit resistance value for both the "faulty phase” and the "3-phase average".
- the failure determination threshold is set so as to determine a failure for a short-circuit resistance value less than Ra.
- the "detection voltage value” is determined by setting the failure determination threshold for both the “failure phase” and the "three-phase average”. can be detected.
- a failure detection method based on a “detection voltage value” in which a failure determination threshold value is set so as to determine a failure for a short-circuit resistance value equal to or greater than Ra corresponds to the "third failure detection method" shown in FIG.
- the "second failure detection method” is a method for detecting a saturation failure of the current sensor.
- the “fourth failure detection method” is a method for detecting an abnormality in the gain of the current sensor.
- the “failure phase absolute value” of the "detected current value when the upper switching element is ON” shown in FIG. 3 is used to separate the two methods. If the “failure phase absolute value” of the “detected current value when the upper switching element is ON” matches (fixes) the absolute values of the upper and lower limits of the detected current value, the “second failure detection method” may be "0". For example, it can be classified as "fourth failure detection method".
- the "fifth fault detection method" shown in FIG. 4 is a method in which one or more of the detected value behaviors in FIG. can do.
- the first to fourth failure detection methods are used to distinguish between four types: short-circuit failure with a short-circuit resistance value less than Ra, short-circuit failure with a short-circuit resistance value greater than or equal to Ra, current sensor saturation failure, and current sensor gain abnormality. failure detection is possible.
- the fifth failure detection method it is theoretically impossible to determine which kind of failure is detected when the failure is detected.
- a failure phase cannot be specified by using only a value without phase information such as a total sum value or an average value of three phases as a failure detection determination condition. In the present embodiment, for the sake of simplification of explanation, the first to fifth fault detection methods will be explained assuming that the failure phase cannot be specified.
- a mode of specifying a faulty phase when a fault is detected will be described later in a second embodiment.
- the failure identification processing by the failure identification unit 6 must be used to identify the failure.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of failure identification processing by the failure identification unit 6 according to this embodiment.
- the one that detects a failure is defined as the N-th failure detection method (N is an integer of 1 to 5 in this example).
- N is an integer of 1 to 5 in this example. The operation of the failure identification processing by the failure identification unit 6 after failure detection by the N-th failure detection method will be described.
- the failure identifying unit 6 determines whether or not a short circuit failure of a switching element having a short circuit resistance value less than Ra can be detected by the Nth failure detection method (step S1). In the example of the present embodiment, the failure identifying unit 6 determines that a short-circuit failure of a switching element having a short-circuit resistance value less than Ra can be detected when the first failure detection method or the fifth failure detection method is used (step S1: YES).
- step S2 the fault identification unit 6 monitors the terminal voltages of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 when all of them are OFF, thereby identifying the short-circuit location (step S2).
- This specific processing controls the switching elements FET1 to FET6 according to a first switching pattern in which all the switching elements are turned off, and monitors the voltage detection value at that time.
- a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5092538 may be used.
- the failure identifying unit 6 determines whether a failure has been identified (step S3). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S3: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process.
- step S4 determines whether or not the saturation failure of the current sensor can be detected by the N-th failure detection method.
- the failure identifying unit 6 determines that the saturation failure of the current sensor can be detected when the second failure detection method or the fifth failure detection method is used (step S4: YES).
- step S5 the failure identifying unit 6 performs current sensor failure phase identification processing by monitoring current saturation when all of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 are OFF (step S5).
- This specific processing controls the switching elements FET1 to FET6 according to the first switching pattern in which all the switching elements are turned off, and monitors the current detection value at that time.
- a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5092538 may be used.
- step S6 determines whether a failure has been identified (step S6). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S6: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process.
- step S7 determines whether or not a switching element short-circuit failure having a short-circuit resistance value of Ra or more can be detected by the N-th failure detection method.
- the failure identification unit 6 determines that a switching element short-circuit failure with a short-circuit resistance value of Ra or more can be detected (step S7 : YES).
- step S8 the fault identification unit 6 performs processing for identifying the short-circuit location by monitoring the through current of the switching elements that accompanies the ON operation of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 (step S8).
- This specific process controls the switching elements FET1 to FET6 according to a second switching pattern that turns ON one or more switching elements, and monitors the current detection value at that time.
- a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4954278 may be used. While the switching pattern in Japanese Patent No. 4954278 is a system in which the switching elements are turned on one by one, a second switching pattern in which the upper or lower switching elements of all phases are turned on at the same time can also be used. good.
- step S8 The latter switching pattern has the effect of shortening the time required for the failure identification process in step S8.
- the failure identifying unit 6 determines whether a failure has been identified (step S9). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S9: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process.
- step S10 determines whether or not the gain abnormality of the current sensor can be detected by the N-th failure detection method. In this embodiment, the failure identifying unit 6 determines that the current sensor gain abnormality can be detected when the fourth failure detection method or the fifth failure detection method is used (step S10: YES).
- step S11 the failure identification unit 6 performs a current sensor gain abnormal phase identification process involving high-frequency driving of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 (step S11).
- This specific process controls the switching elements FET1 to FET6 according to a third switching pattern in which the switching elements are driven at a frequency higher than the rotation speed of the load 2, and monitors the current detection value at that time.
- a method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 6516878 may be used.
- step S12 determines whether or not a failure has been identified (step S12). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S12: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process. On the other hand, if the determination in step S10 or step S12 is NO, the failure identification unit 6 terminates the failure identification processing assuming that the failure cannot be identified.
- steps S4 to S6 and the processing of steps S10 to S12 are not necessary, and the processing of these steps is executed and the failure to bypass the failure It is good also as a flowchart of specific processing.
- the power conversion device 10 detects and detects the current of the multiphase inverter circuit 1 including a plurality of switching elements FET1 to 6, and the inverter circuit 1.
- a current sensor CT1 to CT3 that outputs a current value
- a terminal voltage detection unit 3 that detects the terminal voltage of the load 2 connected to the inverter circuit 1 and outputs the detected voltage value, and a commanded switching pattern.
- a switching element driving circuit 4 for controlling the plurality of switching elements FET1 to FET6 of the inverter circuit 1 is provided.
- the power conversion device 10 includes a failure detection unit 5 that detects a failure in the inverter circuit 1 or the current sensors CT1-3, and after the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure, the failure of the inverter circuit 1 or the current sensors CT1-3 is detected. and a failure identification unit 6 for identifying the type of failure and the location of the failure. For example, after the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure, the failure identification unit 6 switches the switching pattern to be instructed to the switching element drive circuit 4 according to the type of failure detectable by the failure detection unit 5, and switches the switching pattern. Based on the current value detected by at least one of the current sensors CT1 to 3 or the voltage value detected by the terminal voltage detection unit 3 during control by I do.
- the power conversion device 10 performs the failure identification process using a failure identification method necessary and sufficient for identifying the failure according to the type of failure that can be detected by the failure detection unit 5. It is possible to perform fault identification processing in a short time, while preventing fault identification errors and large currents during fault identification processing. Therefore, when identifying the failure of the inverter circuit 1 and the current sensors CT1 to CT3, the power converter 10 can accurately identify the failure in a short time while preventing the occurrence of a large current.
- the failure identification unit 6 selects, as the switching patterns, a first switching pattern in which all switching elements FET1 to FET6 are turned off, and a second switching pattern in which one or more switching elements are turned on. Command the drive circuit 4 .
- the power conversion device 10 has two types of methods, ie, a method that does not allow a through current to flow through the switching elements, and a method that does not allow a through current to flow.
- a method that does not allow a through current to flow through the switching elements By using the first switching pattern, it is possible to prevent a large current from flowing when a short-circuit failure of a switching element with a small short-circuit resistance value occurs.
- the second switching pattern in which one or more switching elements are turned on the power conversion device 10 can identify a failure using a through current, and a short-circuit failure of a switching element having a large short-circuit resistance value. It is possible to prevent a specific erroneous determination of a failure when a
- the failure identifying unit 6 uses, as the above-described switching patterns, a first switching pattern in which all switching elements FET1 to FET6 are turned off, and a second switching pattern in which the upper or lower switching elements of all phases are turned on at the same time. and a third switching pattern for driving the switching elements at a frequency higher than the rotation frequency of the load 2 to the switching element drive circuit 4 .
- the power conversion device 10 uses the second switching pattern in which the upper switching elements FET1 to 3 or the lower switching elements FET4 to 6 of all phases are turned ON at the same time, thereby shortening the time required for failure identification processing.
- the third switching pattern it becomes possible to specify failures such as gain abnormalities of the current sensors CT1 to CT3, which cannot be specified by the first switching pattern and the second switching pattern.
- the failure detection unit 5 detects failures using a first failure detection method that can detect short-circuit failures of switching elements whose short-circuit resistance is less than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra). After the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure using the first failure detection method, the failure identification unit 6 performs failure identification processing using the detected voltage value during control according to the first switching pattern.
- a first failure detection method that can detect short-circuit failures of switching elements whose short-circuit resistance is less than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra).
- the power converter 10 can identify a failure when a short-circuit failure occurs in a switching element whose short-circuit resistance is less than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra).
- the failure detection unit 5 detects failures using a second failure detection method capable of detecting fixed upper and lower limit failures (saturation failures) of the current sensors CT1 to CT3. After the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure using the second failure detection method, the failure identification unit 6 performs failure identification processing using the detected current value during control according to the first switching pattern.
- the power converter 10 can identify the failure when a saturation failure occurs in the current sensors CT1 to CT3.
- the failure detection unit 5 detects failures using a third failure detection method capable of detecting short-circuit failures of switching elements whose short-circuit resistance is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra). After the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure using the third failure detection method, the failure identification unit 6 performs failure identification processing using the detected current value during control according to the second switching pattern.
- a third failure detection method capable of detecting short-circuit failures of switching elements whose short-circuit resistance is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra).
- the power conversion device 10 can identify a fault when a short-circuit fault occurs in a switching element whose short-circuit resistance is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra).
- the failure detection unit 5 detects failures using a fourth failure detection method capable of detecting abnormal gains of the current sensors CT1-CT3. After the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure using the fourth failure detection method, the failure identification unit 6 performs failure identification processing using the detected current value during control according to the third switching pattern.
- the power conversion device 10 can identify the failure when a failure occurs due to an abnormality in the gain of the current sensors CT1 to CT3.
- the failure detection unit 5 detects failures using a fifth failure detection method capable of detecting multiple types of failures including short-circuit failures of switching elements whose short-circuit resistance is less than a predetermined threshold value (short-circuit resistance value Ra). Then, after the failure detection unit 5 detects a failure using the fifth failure detection method, the failure identification unit 6 performs detection during control by the first switching pattern before executing the switching pattern involving the ON operation of the switching element. Failure identification processing is performed using the voltage value.
- the power conversion device 10 can identify the failure when the failure occurs while preventing erroneous determination of a large current and the failure when identifying the failure.
- the above-mentioned predetermined threshold value is the amount of through current that flows when the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply section (Vdc) of the inverter circuit 1 are short-circuited via the switching elements on the upper side and the lower side of the short-circuit failure phase. is defined as the short-circuit resistance value Ra of the switching element that is equal to or less than the rated current of the switching element.
- the power converter 10 can prevent a through current exceeding the rated current of the switching element from flowing when the failure is identified.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the power converter 10A according to this embodiment.
- the terminal voltage detector 3 according to the first embodiment has a configuration capable of detecting the voltage values of the three phases of the load 2 independently.
- the terminal voltage detection unit 3A of the power converter 10A according to the present embodiment uses the three-phase average voltage of the load 2 as the detected voltage value via the voltage averaging circuit 7, which is the first embodiment. different from With this configuration, there is a cost reduction effect due to the simplification of parts used. However, in order to identify a failure using such a detected voltage value of the three-phase average voltage, it is necessary to combine it with another method that can identify the failed phase.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a failure detection method provided in the failure detection unit 5 according to this embodiment. This figure shows the correspondence between each fault detection method and the types of detectable faults. Here, three types of failure detection methods, failure detection method a, failure detection method b, and failure detection method c, are shown. Each fault detection scheme can detect one or more types of faults.
- the failure detection method a uses an overcurrent failure detection function for each phase installed in a microcomputer that constitutes the switching element drive circuit 4 or the like, or the absolute value of the detected current value of each phase is excessive than the specified voltage Alternatively, a judgment condition of too small is used.
- the failure detection method a is capable of detecting a short-circuit failure of a switching element with a short-circuit resistance value less than Ra, a short-circuit failure of a switching element with a short-circuit resistance value of Ra or more, and a saturation failure of a current sensor, and It is also possible to identify the faulty phase during fault detection.
- failure detection method b the determination condition is that the "three-phase sum" of the "detected current value when the lower switching element is ON" is "non-zero", and the establishment time condition is set longer than in failure detection method a. ing. As a result, it is possible to detect a short-circuit failure of a switching element having a short-circuit resistance value of Ra or more and a failure of an abnormal gain of a current sensor.
- the judgment condition is that the "three-phase sum" of the "detected current value when the upper switching element is ON" is "non-zero”, and the establishment time condition is set longer than in the failure detection method a.
- the failure detection method a has a short establishment time condition. Failure detection is performed by a failure detection method a capable of specifying a phase.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of failure identification processing by the failure identification unit 6 according to this embodiment.
- the fault identification process shown in FIG. 8 includes step S0 for branching depending on the type of fault detection method as a difference from the first embodiment.
- step S0 the failure identification unit 6 proceeds to step S2a if the failure detection method is the failure detection method a, to step S8b if the failure detection method is b, and to step S8c if the failure detection method is c. branch to As a result, determinations in steps S1, S4, S7, and S10 in the fault identification process shown in FIG. 5 of the first embodiment are unnecessary, and the program can be simplified.
- each fault identification process can be adjusted and changed to suit each fault detection method.
- failure detection method a the failure phase has already been identified at the time of failure detection. Therefore, it is not necessary to identify the failure phase in the failure identification processing of steps S2a, S5a, and S8a, and the failure identification processing can be simplified with respect to steps S2, S5, and S8 in FIG.
- step S2a the fault identifying unit 6 performs processing for identifying the short-circuit location by monitoring the terminal voltages when all of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 are OFF. In the configuration of this embodiment, it is impossible to specify the faulty phase using the detected voltage value. No identification required.
- step S3 determines whether a failure has been identified.
- step S3 determines whether a failure has been identified.
- step S5a the fault identifying unit 6 performs faulty phase identification processing of the current sensor by monitoring current saturation when all of the switching elements FET1 to FET6 are OFF. Since the failure phase is already known in the case of failure detection by the failure detection method a, it is not necessary to identify the failure phase in step S5a. Since it suffices to identify the failure only for the failed phase, it is possible to shorten the time required to identify the failure.
- the failure identification unit 6 determines whether a failure has been identified (step S6). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S6: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process. On the other hand, if the determination in step S6 is NO, the failure identifying section 6 proceeds to the process of step S8a.
- step S8a the fault identification unit 6 performs processing for identifying the short-circuit location by monitoring the through current of the switching elements that accompanies the ON operation of the switching elements FET1-6. Since the failure phase is already known in the case of failure detection by the failure detection method a, it is not necessary to identify the failure phase in step S8a. In step S8a, the failure identification unit 6 can shorten the time required to identify the failure because the ON operation of the switching element is only required for the failed phase.
- the failure identification unit 6 determines whether a failure has been identified (step S9). When determining that a failure has been identified (step S9: YES), the failure identification unit 6 ends the failure identification process. On the other hand, if the determination in step S9 is NO, the failure identification unit 6 terminates the failure identification processing assuming that the failure cannot be identified.
- steps S8b, S9b, S11, and S12 executed in the case of the failure detection method b is the same as the processing of steps S8, S9, S11, and S12 in FIG. 5, and description thereof will be omitted.
- steps S8c and S9c executed in the case of the failure detection method c is the same as the processing of steps S8 and S9 in FIG. 5, and the description thereof will be omitted. If the determination in step S9c is NO, the failure identification unit 6 determines that the failure cannot be identified, and terminates the failure identification process.
- the power conversion device 10A has a configuration in which the terminal voltage detection unit 3 acquires the three-phase average voltage of the load 2 via the voltage averaging circuit 7 as a detected voltage value. It is also possible to identify failures, and there is a cost reduction effect due to the simplification of parts used. Further, the power conversion device 10A is provided with a step S0 branching according to the type of failure detection method, as in the flowchart of the failure identification processing shown in FIG. and has the effect of being modifiable. In addition, when the failure phase has already been identified at the time of failure detection, the power conversion device 10A does not need to identify the failure phase in the failure identification process, which simplifies the failure identification process and shortens the time required to identify the failure. becomes possible.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the electric power steering system 50 according to this embodiment.
- the electric power steering system 50 includes a load 2 (motor), a torque sensor 52, a steering wheel 53, a steering shaft 54, a rack and pinion gear 55, wheels 56, a reduction gear 57, a steering control device 58, A power conversion device 10 is provided.
- the example shown in FIG. 9 shows an example in which the load 2, which is a motor, is connected to the power converter 10 shown in FIG. A certain load 2 may be connected.
- FIGS. 1 and 6 will be described.
- a steering force applied to the steering wheel 53 by a driver passes through the steering shaft 54 and is transmitted to the rack via the rack and pinion gear 55 to steer the wheels 56 .
- a motor, which is the load 2 is connected to the steering shaft 54 via a reduction gear 57 .
- the torque generated by the motor, which is the load 2 is transmitted to the steering shaft 54 via the reduction gear 57 to reduce the steering force applied by the driver during steering.
- the torque sensor 52 detects the steering force applied to the steering shaft 54 by steering the steering wheel 53 by the driver.
- the steering control device 58 receives the steering force detected by the torque sensor 52 and outputs a switching command.
- the switching element drive circuit 4 uses the switching command output from the steering control device 58 as an input value to supply the current from the inverter circuit 1 to the motor, which is the load 2. supply.
- the switching element drive circuit 4 uses the switching pattern output from the failure identification unit 6 as an input value.
- the electric power steering system 50 if the control is stopped when an abnormality occurs while the vehicle is running, the driver will feel a great sense of discomfort, so it is required to continue the control as much as possible. It is desirable to identify the location of the failure in order to continue control as good as possible in spite of any anomalies. Furthermore, it is desirable to identify the failure in a short period of time in order to quickly transition to control corresponding to the abnormal state after the occurrence of the abnormality. According to the electric power steering system 50 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to accurately identify a failure in a very short time, so that it is possible to shift to control corresponding to an abnormal state quickly and without error. , the discomfort felt by the driver can be reduced.
- the power conversion device 10 (10A) described above may have a computer system inside. Then, a program for realizing the functions of the failure detection unit 5 and the failure identification unit 6 provided in the power conversion device 10 (10A) is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on this recording medium is transferred to the computer. The processing by the failure detection unit 5 and the failure identification unit 6 may be performed by loading the system and executing it.
- the "computer system” referred to here includes hardware such as an OS and peripheral devices.
- “computer-readable recording medium” refers to portable media such as flexible disks, magneto-optical disks, ROMs and CD-ROMs, and storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems.
- “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a program that dynamically retains programs for a short period of time, like a communication line when transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. It includes things that hold programs for a certain period of time, such as a volatile memory inside a computer system that serves as a server or client in that case.
- the program may be for realizing part of the functions described above, or may be capable of realizing the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
- the above program may be stored in a predetermined server, and distributed (downloaded, etc.) via a communication line in response to a request from another device.
- part or all of the functions of the fault detection unit 5 and the fault identification unit 6 may be implemented as an integrated circuit such as an LSI (Large Scale Integration). Each function may be individually processorized, or part or all may be integrated and processorized. Also, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, but may be realized by a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor. In addition, when an integration circuit technology that replaces LSI appears due to advances in semiconductor technology, an integrated circuit based on this technology may be used.
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Abstract
Description
<第1の実施形態>
まず、第1の実施形態について説明する。
[電力変換装置の構成]
図1は、本実施形態に係る電力変換装置10の全体構成例を示すブロック図である。なお、本実施形態に係る電力変換装置10は、多相の負荷2に対して接続して使用することができるが、説明の簡易化のため以下の説明では負荷2としてU相、V相、W相を有する三相ブラシレスモータに適用した場合を例に説明する。
スイッチング素子駆動回路4は、後述するスイッチングパターンまたは負荷を駆動するためのスイッチング指令の入力に基づいて、インバータ回路1が備えるスイッチング素子FET1~6へONまたはOFFのスイッチングを指示する。スイッチング素子駆動回路4への入力としては、故障がない正常時では上記のスイッチング指令が入力として用いられ、後述する故障検出部5から故障検出信号が出力されているときには、後述する故障特定部6から出力されるスイッチングパターンが入力として用いられる。
図2は、スイッチング素子の短絡故障時における貫通電流の経路を示す図である。通常、同相の上下のスイッチング素子は同時にONにはならないようにスイッチング素子駆動回路4によって制御されている。しかし、スイッチング素子の短絡故障時、言い換えるとスイッチング素子が常時ONとなる故障時に、故障相の正常側のスイッチング素子をONに制御されると、故障相の上下のスイッチング素子が同時ONとなる。その際に、一例としてV相の上下いずれかのスイッチング素子の短絡故障時には、図2の太矢印YMが示すように、電源部(Vdc)から、故障相であるV相の上下のスイッチング素子FET2、FET5、及び電流センサCT2を経由し、グラウンドへと流れる経路に貫通電流が発生する。短絡故障したスイッチング素子の短絡抵抗値を「R」とすると、貫通電流「I」の大きさは、次式(数式1)で表すことができる。
図3における検出値挙動にて、「検出電圧値」は「故障相」及び「3相平均」共にスイッチング素子の短絡故障について、短絡抵抗値の値によらず検出可能である。ここで,故障判定閾値をより過大またはより過少に設定することにより、小さな短絡抵抗値のみの故障を検出することが可能となる。Ra未満の短絡抵抗値に対して故障を判定するように故障判定閾値を設定した「検出電圧値」による故障検出方式が、図4に示す「第1故障検出方式」に対応する。
図3における検出値挙動にて、「検出電圧値」は「故障相」及び「3相平均」共に故障判定閾値の設定により、第1故障検出方式とは逆に、大きな短絡抵抗値のみの故障を検出することが可能となる。Ra以上の短絡抵抗値に対して故障を判定するように故障判定閾値を設定した「検出電圧値」による故障検出方式が、図4に示す「第3故障検出方式」に対応する。
図3における検出値挙動の「下側スイッチング素子ON時の検出電流値」は、電流センサの故障(飽和故障、ゲイン異常など)に対して異常は検知できるものの、スイッチング素子の短絡故障との切り分けができない。そこで、前述した図3に示す「検出電圧値」と併用する。「検出電圧値」を用いてスイッチング素子の短絡故障のみ検出可能であるため、「下側スイッチング素子ON時の検出電流値」が「異常」かつ「検出電圧値」が「正常」という判定条件であれば、電流センサの故障(飽和故障、ゲイン異常など)であると切り分けができる。そこで、図4に示す電流センサの故障を検出する「第2故障検出方式」または「第4故障検出方式」は、図3に示す「検出電圧値」と「下側スイッチング素子ON時の検出電流値」の両者を用いて実現できる。また、「第2故障検出方式」は、電流センサの飽和故障を検出する方式である。一方、「第4故障検出方式」は、電流センサのゲイン異常を検出する方式である。この2つの方式の切り分けについては、図3に示す「上側スイッチング素子ON時の検出電流値」の「故障相絶対値」を用いる。「上側スイッチング素子ON時の検出電流値」の「故障相絶対値」が検出電流値の上下限の絶対値に一致(固着)していれば「第2故障検出方式」、「0」であれば「第4故障検出方式」と切り分けができる。
図4に示す「第5故障検出方式」は、図3における検出値挙動の何れか1つ以上が異常を示すような方式とすることにより、図4に示す全ての故障に対し,検出可能とすることができる。
次に、第2の実施形態について説明する。
図6は、本実施形態に係る電力変換装置10Aの全体構成例を示すブロック図である。第1の実施形態に係る端子電圧検出部3は、負荷2の3相の各相独立した電圧値の検出が可能な構成であった。これに対し、本実施形態に係る電力変換装置10Aの端子電圧検出部3Aは、電圧平均化回路7を介して負荷2の3相の平均電圧を検出電圧値とする点が第1の実施形態と異なる。この構成により、使用部品の簡易化によるコスト削減効果がある。しかしながら、このような3相平均電圧の検出電圧値を用いて故障の特定を行うためには、故障相を特定できる他の方法と組み合わせる必要がある。
次に、第3の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態では、図1及び図6に示す負荷2をモータとし、自動車の電動パワーステアリングシステムに適用した一例について説明する。
Claims (9)
- 複数のスイッチング素子を含んで構成される多相のインバータ回路と、
前記インバータ回路の電流を検出し、検出した電流値を出力する電流センサと、
前記インバータ回路に接続された負荷の端子電圧を検出し、検出した電圧値を出力する端子電圧検出部と、
指令されたスイッチングパターンに応じて前記インバータ回路の複数のスイッチング素子を制御するスイッチング素子駆動回路と、
前記インバータ回路または前記電流センサの故障を検出する故障検出部と、
前記故障検出部が故障を検出した後に、前記故障検出部が検出可能な故障の種類に応じて前記スイッチング素子駆動回路へ指令する前記スイッチングパターンの切替えを行い、前記スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記電流センサによる検出電流値または前記端子電圧検出部による検出電圧値に基づいて、前記インバータ回路または前記電流センサの故障の種類および故障箇所の特定処理を行う故障特定部と、
を備える電力変換装置。 - 前記故障特定部は、
前記スイッチングパターンとして、全ての前記スイッチング素子をOFFにする第1スイッチングパターンと、1つ以上の前記スイッチング素子をONにする第2スイッチングパターンとを、前記スイッチング素子駆動回路へ指令する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障特定部は、
前記スイッチングパターンとして、全ての前記スイッチング素子をOFFにする第1スイッチングパターンと、全相の上側または下側の前記スイッチング素子を同時にONにする第2スイッチングパターンと、前記スイッチング素子を負荷の回転周波数よりも高周波で駆動する第3スイッチングパターンとを、前記スイッチング素子駆動回路へ指令する、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障検出部は、
短絡抵抗が所定の閾値未満の前記スイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出可能な第1故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出し、
前記故障特定部は、
前記故障検出部が前記第1故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出した後に、前記第1スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記検出電圧値を用いて故障特定処理を行う、
請求項2または請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障検出部は、
前記電流センサの上下限値固着故障を検出可能な第2故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出し、
前記故障特定部は、
前記故障検出部が前記第2故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出した後に、前記第1スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記検出電流値を用いて故障特定処理を行う、
請求項2または請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障検出部は、
短絡抵抗が所定の閾値以上の前記スイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出可能な第3故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出し、
前記故障特定部は、
前記故障検出部が前記第3故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出した後に、前記第2スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記検出電流値を用いて故障特定処理を行う、
請求項2または請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障検出部は、
前記電流センサのゲイン異常を検出可能な第4故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出し、
前記故障特定部は、
前記故障検出部が前記第4故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出した後に、前記第3スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記検出電流値を用いて故障特定処理を行う、
請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記故障検出部は、
短絡抵抗が所定の閾値未満の前記スイッチング素子の短絡故障を含む複数種の故障を検出可能な第5故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出し、
前記故障特定部は、
前記故障検出部が前記第5故障検出方式を用いて故障を検出した後に、前記スイッチング素子のON動作を伴うスイッチングパターンを実行する前に前記第1スイッチングパターンによる制御時における前記検出電圧値を用いて故障特定処理を行う、
請求項2または請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記所定の閾値は、前記インバータ回路の電源部の正極と負極が短絡故障相の上下スイッチング素子を介して短絡した際に流れる貫通電流の大きさが前記スイッチング素子の定格電流以下となるような前記スイッチング素子の短絡抵抗値として定義される、
請求項4または請求項6または請求項8に記載の電力変換装置。
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CN202180092026.1A CN117044095A (zh) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | 功率转换装置 |
PCT/JP2021/015384 WO2022219733A1 (ja) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | 電力変換装置 |
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JP2021035150A (ja) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-01 | ファナック株式会社 | モータ駆動装置 |
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JP2013013297A (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-17 | Jtekt Corp | 車両用操舵装置 |
CN108604876B (zh) * | 2016-01-14 | 2021-07-23 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 电动机控制装置 |
TWI591606B (zh) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-07-11 | 立錡科技股份有限公司 | 驅動級電路 |
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JPH0216878B2 (ja) | 1982-05-27 | 1990-04-18 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | |
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