WO2022218419A1 - 一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆 - Google Patents

一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022218419A1
WO2022218419A1 PCT/CN2022/087157 CN2022087157W WO2022218419A1 WO 2022218419 A1 WO2022218419 A1 WO 2022218419A1 CN 2022087157 W CN2022087157 W CN 2022087157W WO 2022218419 A1 WO2022218419 A1 WO 2022218419A1
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Prior art keywords
backbone
port
node
link
terminal
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PCT/CN2022/087157
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李�杰
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP22787641.4A priority Critical patent/EP4319065A4/en
Priority to JP2023563840A priority patent/JP2024514906A/ja
Publication of WO2022218419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022218419A1/zh
Priority to US18/488,216 priority patent/US20240048407A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H04L12/437—Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/18—Loop-free operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of Ethernet, and more particularly, to a method for building a network, an Ethernet system and a vehicle.
  • a redundant network is usually involved in the vehicle Ethernet application process for data link backup.
  • Typical network topology architectures such as T-shaped network, bilinear network, ring topology.
  • the ring network has the lowest cost and is widely used in many application scenarios.
  • MAC media access control
  • STP Spanning Tree Protocol
  • RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
  • MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
  • STP Spanning Tree Protocol
  • Node election performs link trimming and loop elimination.
  • protocols such as STP/RSTP/MSTP are limited by the convergence algorithm and mechanism, so that the network topology establishment time cannot meet the needs of in-vehicle applications.
  • the present application provides a method for establishing a network, an Ethernet system and a vehicle, which can improve the response time of switching between active and standby links, realize rapid network reorganization, and ensure the requirements of in-vehicle applications.
  • a method for building a network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port.
  • the backbone port and the second backbone port form a ring network, and M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include the first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in the forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in the blocking state; among the M backbone nodes, except the first backbone node The first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node are in the forwarding state.
  • the method includes: the first backbone node acquires link failure information in the ring network, and the first backbone node switches the second backbone port of the first backbone node to a forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the first backbone node can obtain the link failure information in the ring network, the link failure information is used as the event trigger source, and when the first backbone node obtains the information, it switches the port in the blocked state to Forwarding state, thereby starting the backup link where the port in the original blocking state is located.
  • the ring network can be reorganized into a linear communication network for communication under link failure.
  • acquiring the link failure information in the ring network by the first backbone node includes: the first backbone node receives a notification message through the first backbone port of the first backbone node , the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • acquiring the link failure information in the ring network by the first backbone node includes: the first backbone node determines that the second link is faulty, and the second link is the first link The link on which the first backbone port of a backbone node is located.
  • the method further includes: the first backbone node switches the first backbone port of the first backbone node to a blocking state.
  • determining that the second link is faulty by the first backbone node includes: the first backbone node determines that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the method further includes: the first backbone node detects the first identifier; the first backbone node determines itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • a method for building a network wherein the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through The first backbone port and the second backbone port form a ring network, and M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the method includes: the second backbone node determines that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located; and the second backbone node sends the data through the second backbone port of the second backbone node
  • the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty.
  • the second backbone node when the second backbone node determines that the first link is faulty, it will send a notification message, so that the first backbone node can learn the link fault information in the ring network, and the link fault information is used as the event trigger source, In the case of acquiring the information, the first backbone node switches its port in the blocking state to the forwarding state, thereby starting the backup link where the port in the original blocking state is located. After the port state is switched, the ring network can be reorganized into a linear communication network for communication under link failure. Compared with the prior art, when a link failure occurs, all nodes are silent, and then a new round of node election and link cutting is performed to rebuild the communication connection between the remaining links. The response time of link switching realizes rapid network reorganization and ensures the requirements of in-vehicle applications.
  • the method further includes: the second backbone node switches the first backbone port of the second backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the second backbone node determining that the first link is faulty includes: the second backbone node determining that the first link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the method further includes: the second backbone node detects the first identifier; the second backbone node determines itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • a method for forming a network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port and the second backbone port to form a ring network, where M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state. The first backbone port and the second backbone port of any one of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state.
  • the network further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, and the second terminal port is in a blocking state.
  • At least two of the M backbone nodes further include third terminal ports, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal ports of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the method includes: the terminal node determines that a third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located; and the terminal node switches the second terminal port to a forwarding state.
  • the terminal node can learn the fault information of its active and standby links, and the link fault information is used as the event trigger source.
  • the terminal node When the terminal node obtains this information, it switches the port in the blocking state to the forwarding state, thereby Start the backup link where the port in the blocked state is located.
  • the present application does not require equipment other than the terminal node to participate in control and processing, and completes the fast switching of the active and standby links under the internal configuration logic of the terminal node. Therefore, the response time of the switching of the active and standby links can be improved. , to achieve rapid network reorganization and ensure the needs of in-vehicle applications.
  • the method further includes: the terminal node switches the first terminal port to a blocked state.
  • the determining by the terminal node that the third link is faulty includes: the terminal node determining that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the network.
  • the method further includes: the terminal node detects the second identifier; and the terminal node determines itself as a terminal node in the network according to the second identifier.
  • an apparatus for forming a network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port and the second backbone port to form a ring network, where M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit.
  • the device is the first backbone node.
  • the transceiver unit is used for acquiring the link failure information in the ring network; the processing unit is used for switching the second backbone port of the first backbone node to the forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the transceiver unit is specifically configured to: receive a notification message through the first backbone port of the first backbone node, where the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty , the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: determine that the second link is faulty, and the second link is the link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the first backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: detect the first identifier; and determine itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • a fifth aspect provides an apparatus for forming a network
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port. and the second backbone port to form a ring network, where M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit.
  • the device is a second backbone node.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located; the transceiver unit is configured to send a notification message through the second backbone port of the second backbone node message, the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the second backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: determine that the first link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: detect the first identifier; and determine itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • a sixth aspect provides an apparatus for forming a network
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port. and the second backbone port to form a ring network, where M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any one of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state.
  • the network further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, and the second terminal port is in a blocking state.
  • At least two of the M backbone nodes further include third terminal ports, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal ports of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the apparatus includes a processing unit.
  • the device is a terminal node.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine that the third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located.
  • the processing unit is further configured to switch the second terminal port to a forwarding state.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: switch the first terminal port to a blocked state.
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to: determine that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the network.
  • the processing unit is further configured to: detect the second identifier; and determine itself as a terminal node in the network according to the second identifier.
  • an apparatus for forming a network comprising: a memory for storing a computer program; a processor for executing the computer program stored in the memory, so that the apparatus executes any possibility of the first aspect
  • a chip system in an eighth aspect, includes: a processor for calling and running a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip system executes any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect method, or perform the method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect, or perform the method in any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium wherein a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program runs on a computer, the computer is made to execute any one of the first aspect.
  • a tenth aspect provides an Ethernet system, comprising: M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone port and the second backbone port.
  • Two backbone ports form a ring network, and M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the first backbone node is used for: acquiring link failure information in the ring network;
  • the second backbone port of the first backbone node is switched to the forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the second backbone node is configured to: determine that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located; Send a notification message through the second backbone port of the second backbone node, where the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty;
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: receive the notification message through the first backbone port of the first backbone node.
  • the second backbone node is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the second backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the second backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the first link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty, and the second link is the link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located .
  • the first backbone node is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the first backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify the backbone node in the Ethernet system.
  • the Ethernet system further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, and the second terminal port is In the blocking state, at least two of the M backbone nodes further include a third terminal port, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal port of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the terminal node is used to: determine that the third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located; and switch the second terminal port to the forwarding state.
  • the terminal node is further configured to: switch the first terminal port to a blocked state.
  • the terminal node is specifically configured to: determine that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the Ethernet system.
  • a vehicle which is characterized by comprising the tenth aspect or the Ethernet system in any possible implementation manner of the tenth aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a method for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an Ethernet system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an Ethernet system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation logic of a backbone node provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture 1100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a link failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a failure of a backbone node according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path of a BPDU packet in the case of a link failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path of a BPDU packet in the case of a backbone node provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a link failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method provided in this embodiment of the present application may be applied to an Ethernet system 100, where the Ethernet system 100 may include a domain controller (domain controller, DC) 110, a vehicle integrated/integration unit , VIU) 120 and vehicle parts 130 . Communication between the DC 110, the VIU 120, and the vehicle components 130 is via ethernet technology.
  • DC domain controller
  • VIU vehicle integrated/integration unit
  • the DC 110 includes a plurality of DCs, and each DC is used to manage a certain functional domain in the vehicle, that is, there is a communication connection between the DC and a plurality of vehicle components located in the functional domain.
  • the DC 110 is used to control the vehicle parts in the corresponding functional domain, or provide data processing functions for the vehicle parts in the corresponding functional domain.
  • the DC in the vehicle may include an autonomous driving domain controller, a cockpit domain controller (CDC), a vehicle domain controller (VDC), and the like.
  • the autonomous driving domain controller can provide services for vehicle components that realize autonomous driving functions.
  • Vehicle components that realize autonomous driving functions include monocular cameras, binocular cameras, millimeter-wave radars, lidars, and ultrasonic radars.
  • CDC can provide services for vehicle parts in the cockpit domain, where the vehicle parts in the cockpit domain include head-up displays, instrument displays, radios, navigation, cameras, etc.
  • VDC can provide services for vehicle components in the body domain and vehicle components in the chassis domain.
  • the vehicle components in the body domain include door and window lift controllers, electric rearview mirrors, air conditioners, and central door locks.
  • Vehicle parts in the chassis domain include vehicle parts in the braking system, vehicle parts in the steering system, and vehicle parts in the acceleration system, such as the accelerator.
  • the vehicle components 130 include actuators, which are used to implement specific functions, wherein the actuators may be, for example, sensors 133 or actuators 132 in the vehicle.
  • the vehicle component 130 may further include an electronic control unit (ECU) 131 .
  • the vehicle parts 130 may include one or more of the following vehicle parts, vehicle parts with partial or complete ECU functions; and vehicle parts without electronic control functions. Among them, the vehicle parts 130 with complete electronic control functions can be understood as, the vehicle parts 130 can realize all the electronic control functions required by the vehicle parts 130 by their own ECU 131.
  • the vehicle part 130 with part of the electronic control function can be understood as, a part of the electronic control function required by the vehicle part 130 is realized by the ECU in the vehicle part 130, and another part of the electronic control function required by the vehicle part 130 is realized by VIU 120 implementation.
  • the vehicle component 130 without electronic control function can be understood as the vehicle component 130 does not have an electronic control unit ECU that realizes the electronic control function, and the electronic control functions required by the vehicle component 130 are all realized by the VIU.
  • the ECU 131 located inside the vehicle parts, is used to provide electronic control functions for the vehicle parts. For example, the electronic control unit in the wiper, the electronic control unit in the door, etc.
  • VIU 120 There is a communication connection between the VIU 120 and the vehicle component 130, and there is a communication connection between the DC 110 in the vehicle.
  • VIU 1 is communicatively connected with vehicle component 1, vehicle component 2, and vehicle component 3, and there is a communication connection between VIU 1 and DC1 and DC2.
  • there may be a communication connection between the VIU 120 and a certain DC in the DCs 110 for example, there is a communication connection between the VIU b shown in FIG. 1 and the DC n.
  • VIU 120 may also have communication connections with multiple DCs in DC 110.
  • VIU 1 shown in FIG. 1 may have communication connections with both DC 1 and DC 2.
  • the VIU 120 may send control information acquired from the DC 110 to corresponding components in the vehicle part 130, and control the components in the vehicle part 130 to perform a certain operation based on the acquired control information, for example, control based on the control information Action of the wiper; another example, controlling the switch state of the door lock based on the control information, etc.
  • the VIU 120 can also process the data to be processed in the vehicle parts 130, for example, perform data processing on the rainfall information collected by the sensitive element of the wiper, and determine the working state of the wiper, wherein the working state includes the working frequency of the wiper or switch state.
  • data processing is performed on the fingerprint information obtained by the sensitive element of the door lock on the vehicle door to determine the opening and closing state information of the vehicle door.
  • the VIU 120 can also send the result of the data processing to the DC 110, and the DC 110 generates corresponding control information according to the working state of the area.
  • each VIU may be connected to form a ring network through a wired manner, or may also be referred to as a backbone network, and each VIU serves as a backbone node in a ring network.
  • the electronic devices in the vehicle for example, the DC110 and the vehicle parts 130 in FIG. 1
  • the ring network can be connected to the terminal node, so that the electronic devices in the vehicle can communicate through the ring network, and the devices connected to the ring network can be called is the terminal node.
  • spanning tree protocol spanning tree protocol
  • RSTP rapid spanning tree protocol
  • MSTP Multiple spanning tree protocol
  • STP/RSTP/MSTP are limited by the convergence algorithm and mechanism, so that the network topology establishment time cannot meet the needs of in-vehicle applications.
  • the present application provides a method for building a network, an Ethernet system and a vehicle, which can improve the response time of switching between active and standby links, realize rapid network reorganization, and ensure the requirements of in-vehicle applications.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a method 200 for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, and each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port.
  • a ring network is formed between the backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port, and the ring network may also be called a backbone network, and M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and a ring can be formed between the M backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port network.
  • the second backbone port of the first backbone node may be set to a blocking state, and the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are both It is in the forwarding state to avoid Layer 2 loops.
  • the link where the port in the blocking state is located may also be called a backup link, and these ports in the forwarding state are connected in pairs to form the primary link.
  • the method 200 for forming a network includes the following steps:
  • the first backbone node acquires link failure information in the ring network.
  • link faults include but are not limited to the following possibilities: link faults caused by loose backbone ports of backbone nodes, link faults caused by power failure of any backbone node connected to the link, short-circuit or open-circuit of communication lines on the link , open circuit, etc. cause link failure.
  • a backbone port is a port used to form a ring network among the ports of a backbone node.
  • One backbone node may include two backbone ports, and the two backbone ports are respectively connected to one backbone node.
  • the link failure information includes a failure of a first link, where the first link is a link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located.
  • the first backbone node acquires link failure information in the ring network, including:
  • the second backbone node determines that the first link is faulty, and the second backbone node sends a notification packet through the second backbone port of the second backbone node, where the notification packet is used to indicate that the first link is faulty.
  • the first backbone node may receive the notification message through the first backbone port of the first backbone node.
  • the fault information can trigger the second backbone node to send a notification packet, and the notification packet is used to indicate link fault information, and the second backbone node can Send notification messages through its second backbone port.
  • the notification message may be forwarded by each backbone node in the ring network, and the first backbone node will receive the notification message on its first backbone port, so as to obtain link failure information in the ring network according to the notification message.
  • the failure of the first link includes, but is not limited to, the following possibilities: the loose first backbone port of the second backbone node causes the link to fail, and the backbone node at the other end connected to the first link loses power and causes the link to fail , The communication line on the first link is short-circuited, open-circuited, or open-circuited, etc., resulting in a link failure.
  • the two backbone nodes connected to the faulty link or the two backbone nodes connected to the faulty node will detect the link failure information.
  • the fault information is used as the trigger source of the notification message. Therefore, the two second backbone nodes will forward the notification message from the port where they can communicate normally. That is to say, in the ring network, there will be two second backbone nodes.
  • the two backbone nodes perform the steps of sending notification packets respectively, so that there will be two notification packets in the ring network, and their transmission directions in the ring network are opposite, and one of them will reach the second backbone port of the first backbone node. The port is blocked, so notification packets will be discarded at this port.
  • Another notification packet will arrive at the first backbone port of the first backbone node. Since the port is in a forwarding state, the first backbone node can receive the notification packet through its first backbone port. In the case of receiving the notification message, the first backbone node learns that a link failure has occurred in the ring network. In other words, through the notification message, the first backbone node obtains the link failure information.
  • the notification message in this application is the notification message under the link failure.
  • the sending of the notification message will be triggered, and in the case of no link failure, the notification message will not be It will trigger the sending of the notification message, so that for the first backbone node, when the notification message is received, it is considered that the link in the ring network has failed, and if it is not received, it is considered that the link is normal.
  • the specific information included in the notification message the specific information of the faulty link may be carried, that is, which link is faulty, or it may not be carried, which is not limited in this application.
  • the link failure information includes a second link failure, where the second link is a link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located.
  • the first backbone node acquiring the link failure information in the ring network includes: the first backbone node determining that the second link is faulty.
  • the first backbone node may acquire fault information of the link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located.
  • the first backbone node can obtain the fault information of the first backbone port through its own port performance.
  • the second backbone port of the first backbone node cannot communicate with external communication, and the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocked state, so no notification message is received.
  • the first backbone node can receive the notification message through its first backbone port to obtain link failure information; if the second link fails, then The first backbone node can directly obtain the link failure information.
  • the failure of the second link includes but is not limited to the following possibilities: the first backbone port of the first backbone node is loose, resulting in a link failure, and the backbone node at the other end connected to the second link is powered off, resulting in a link failure. , The communication line on the second link is short-circuited, open-circuited, or open-circuited, etc., resulting in a link failure.
  • the first backbone node switches the second backbone port of the first backbone node to a forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the first backbone node When the first backbone node obtains the link failure information, it switches the second backbone port in the blocking state to the forwarding state. That is to say, the first backbone node can learn that there is a link failure in the current ring network according to the link failure information, so it immediately switches the second backbone port that was in the blocking state to the forwarding state, thereby enabling the backup link in the ring network In this way, all normal nodes can continue to communicate normally through the linear communication network formed by the backup link and the undamaged link, complete the communication under the fault state, and ensure the communication security of the Ethernet system.
  • the first backbone node can obtain the link failure information in the ring network, the link failure information is used as the event trigger source, and when the first backbone node obtains the information, it switches the port in the blocked state to Forwarding state, thereby starting the backup link where the port in the original blocking state is located.
  • the ring network can be reorganized into a linear communication network for communication under link failure.
  • the forwarding state (forward) of a port means that the port can transmit physical layer (physical layer) signals, and can also transmit layer 2 and above packets.
  • the blocking state of a port (block) means that the port can transmit physical layer signals, but cannot transmit layer 2 and above packets, and layer 2 and above packets will be discarded through the port.
  • link in this application refers to a straight link between two nodes, that is, there is no other node between the two nodes.
  • the method further includes: S230-a, the second backbone node switches its first backbone port to a blocked state.
  • the second backbone node may switch its first backbone port to a blocked state. In this way, when the first link is restored to normal, there is still a port in the blocked state in the ring network, so as to avoid the formation of a network storm.
  • the second backbone node sends the notification message
  • the first backbone node receives the notification message
  • the link between the first and second backbone nodes sends the notification message to the first backbone node, or the second backbone node first sends the notification message to the backbone node connected to it, and forwards the notification message one or more times. Thereby reaching the first backbone node.
  • the second backbone node switches its first backbone port to a blocked state.
  • the second backbone node switches its first backbone port to the blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is prevented from being blocked before the first backbone port of the second backbone node is switched to the blocking state.
  • the second backbone port of the node has been switched to the forwarding state and the first link has returned to normal, which helps to ensure network security.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the two ports connected by a link will be set as the master port and the slave port respectively, and in a ring network, any link always ends with The master port and slave port are paired to connect. If two master ports are directly connected or two slave ports are directly connected, communication will not be possible. In the link formed by the paired connection between the master port and the slave port, the master port will actively send a handshake signal to the slave port to establish a communication connection with the slave port.
  • the two second backbone nodes that send the notification message can detect whether the first backbone port is the primary port, and when the first backbone port is the primary port, the second backbone node sends the notification message to the second backbone node A backbone port is switched to a blocked state. That is to say, when the link fails, the main port connected to the faulty link is set to the blocking state. In this way, when the faulty link returns to normal, the main port in the link is in the blocking state, which can avoid handshake signals on the link, thereby reducing communication overhead.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node may also be the master port, and the second backbone port of the second backbone node may be the slave port. That is to say, the slave port connected to the faulty link can be switched to the blocked state, which is not limited in this application.
  • the second backbone node when configuring the switching logic of the node, when the link fails, can detect whether its second backbone port is the primary port, and when it is the primary port, switch its second backbone port to blocking. state.
  • the second backbone node detects whether its second backbone port is a slave port, and when it is a slave port, switches its second backbone port to a blocking state. It should be understood that no matter which configuration mode is described above, the switching logic configured on each backbone node should be the same to avoid switching confusion.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port are both in the forwarding state.
  • the first link may also be where the second backbone port of the second backbone node is located. Therefore, the port for sending the notification message may also be the first backbone port of the second backbone node, which is not limited in this application.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit (bridge protocol data unit, BPDU) message.
  • bridge protocol data unit bridge protocol data unit, BPDU
  • This application can use the BPDU message in the existing STP/RSTP protocol, and by changing its trigger conditions, while realizing the rapid network reorganization, it can be better compatible with the existing protocol, reduce excessive configuration operations, and is simple and easy. Row.
  • the notification message may also be a broadcast message of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), that is, the link failure information is sent in the form of broadcast.
  • IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
  • the notification message can also be a directional multicast message. All backbone nodes are formed into a multicast group and notified by sending a multicast message.
  • the notification message can also be a media access control (media access control, MAC) multicast message, and the MAC layer multicast message completes the notification of link failure information.
  • the notification message may also be a directional unicast message, which is directionally sent by the backbone node.
  • the notification message may be generated by the backbone node before the link failure is detected, that is, the link failure information is only used as a trigger source for the backbone node to send the notification message. It may also be that after detecting the link failure, the backbone node generates a notification message and sends it, which is not limited in this application.
  • notification messages are only examples, and this application does not limit the format and name of the notification messages, as long as the functions similar to those of the present application are implemented, that is, notification messages are sent in the case of link failure,
  • the notification message can make the port in the blocking state in the ring network switch to the forwarding state, which belongs to the protection scope of the present application.
  • the method further includes: S230-b, the first backbone node switches its first backbone port to a blocked state.
  • the first backbone node determines that the second link is faulty, the first backbone node switches its first backbone port to a blocking state. In this way, when the second link returns to normal, there is still a port in a blocked state in the ring network, so that network storms can be avoided and communication security can be ensured.
  • the first backbone node performs S230-b before S220, that is, the first backbone node switches its first backbone port to a blocking state before switching its second backbone port to a forwarding state.
  • its first backbone port may be a master port or a slave port
  • its second backbone node may be a slave port or a master port, that is, in the initial state, the ring
  • the port in the blocked state in the network may be a master port or a slave port, which is not limited in this application.
  • a master port and a slave port in this application are the same, but the configurations of the ports are different.
  • a master port and a slave port can be distinguished by configuring different identities for the two ports.
  • the fourth link may be a link where the second backbone port of the first backbone node is located, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is directly connected to the first backbone port of the second backbone node, That is, the fourth link and the first link may be the same link, and when the first link (the fourth link) fails, the first backbone node may detect that the link where the second backbone port is located is faulty In addition, the second backbone node will also send a notification packet through its second backbone node, so that the first backbone node can receive the notification packet through its first backbone port.
  • the first backbone node may switch its second backbone port to a forwarding state when detecting that the link on which its second backbone port is located is faulty, or when receiving a notification message.
  • the first backbone node may further determine that its second backbone port is a master port (or a slave port), and further switches its second backbone port to a blocking state again.
  • the second backbone node may determine its first backbone port as a master port (or a slave port), and further switch its first backbone port to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone node when detecting that the fourth link is faulty, the first backbone node confirms that the backup link in the ring network is faulty, so even if the notification message is received, the port state switch may not be performed.
  • the second backbone node determining that the first link is faulty includes: the second backbone node diagnosing the first link by using differential signals to determine that the first link is faulty.
  • Differential signal diagnosis is a link diagnosis technology of the Ethernet physical layer. Specifically, a node can detect the voltage difference and carrier waveform transmitted on the twisted pair cable connected to its port. When the transmitted voltage difference and/or carrier waveform occurs When abnormal, it can be determined that the link is faulty.
  • the second backbone node when the second backbone node determines that the first link is faulty, the second backbone node may determine that the first link is faulty through a connectivity detection message.
  • the second backbone node may periodically send connectivity detection packets on its first backbone port, and determine the first link according to whether it receives a response packet from another port connected to the first link within the valid period. Is the road normal.
  • connection status of the link is detected by means of link heartbeat.
  • determining that the second link is faulty by the first backbone node includes: the first backbone node determines that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis. Or, the first backbone node determines that the second link is faulty through the connectivity detection message. Or in other ways.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the backbone node with the first identifier will send a notification message according to the link state, or, when receiving the notification message, will be blocked
  • the port in the state switches to the forwarding state. Or, when it receives the notification message, it will continue to forward the notification message in the ring network, so as to realize the switching of the active and standby links and the network reorganization.
  • the notification message will not be sent and identified. That is to say, through the first identification, the backbone nodes in the network can be distinguished.
  • the method 200 further includes: S240, the first backbone node detects a first identifier, and the first backbone node determines itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the method 200 further includes: S250, the second backbone node detects the first identifier, and the second backbone node determines itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the first identifier may be a value written into a register, which is used to identify the backbone node.
  • the backbone node When the backbone node is powered on, it is determined to be the backbone node by reading the value in the register, and further, the switching logic of the backbone node is executed.
  • the notification message will be sent through another backbone port in the forwarding state. Or, if a certain backbone node has a port in a blocking state, when receiving a notification packet, it can switch the port in the blocking state to a forwarding state. Or, when two backbone ports of a certain backbone node are in the forwarding state, when it receives the notification message, it will continue to forward the notification message in the ring network.
  • the following describes the configuration process and power-on detection process of the backbone node.
  • Step 1 Configure a device accessing the network as a backbone node, for example, identify the backbone node through a first identifier, and configure two backbone ports of the backbone node.
  • Step 2 Configure the port familiarity of all backbone ports of all backbone nodes, identify the status of the backbone ports, specify one port in all backbone nodes to be in the blocking state, and all other ports to be in the forwarding state. Configure the running logic for each backbone node.
  • Step 3 Configure the power-on networking time jitter difference register, configure the power-on startup time jitter difference, and eliminate the network switching oscillation caused by the power-on jitter difference.
  • Step 4 Power on, and enable the working status and running logic of the backbone nodes.
  • the operation logic of the backbone node is also the method 200 for forming a network mentioned above.
  • Step 5 If the operation logic includes the switching restriction conditions of the backbone node, when any port of the backbone node reaches the switching restriction condition, the port stops switching state, retains the current last setting state, and issues a network link abnormality notification, and the switching timeout is exceeded. limited port information. After restarting or clearing the software, clear the status warning and return to normal functions.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an Ethernet system 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Each of the node 310, the node 320, the node 330 and the node 340 includes two backbone ports P1 and P2, and the P1 ports and the P2 ports are connected in pairs to form a ring network.
  • the link connecting the P2 port of the node 310 and the P1 port of the node 340 is referred to as the link L1, and L1 may also be referred to as the link where the P2 port of the node 310 is located, or the P1 of the node 340 The link the port is on.
  • L4 is the link where the P2 port of the node 320 is located or the link where the P1 port of the node 310 is located
  • L2 is the link where the P2 port of the node 330 is located or the link where the P1 port of the node 320 is located
  • L3 is the node The link where the P2 port of 340 is located or the link where the P1 port of node 330 is located.
  • the P1 port (an example of the first backbone port) of the node 310 (the first backbone node) is in the forwarding state
  • the P2 port (an example of the second backbone port) of the node 310 is in the blocking state.
  • L1 is the backup link
  • L2, L3, and L4 together form the primary link.
  • the P2 port of the node 310 is in a blocked state, so that the layer 2 and above packets cannot be forwarded when passing through this port, but the L1 link is normal, that is, the layer 2 and above sent by the node 340 through the P1 port.
  • the message can be transmitted to the P2 port of the node 310 through the link L1, but when it reaches the P2 port of the node 310, it will not be forwarded.
  • the link L2 (an example of the first link) fails
  • the node 320 (an example of the second backbone node) can detect that the link where its P1 port (an example of the second backbone port) is located is faulty
  • the fault information is used as a trigger source, and the node 320 will send a BPDU message (an example of a notification message) from its P2 port.
  • the BPDU message passes through the link L4, and the node 310 receives the BPDU message through its P1 port.
  • the node 310 receives the BPDU message, it knows that a link failure has occurred in the ring network, and therefore immediately switches its P2 port to the forwarding state, thereby enabling the backup link L1.
  • the node 330 When the link L2 fails, the node 330 will also detect the failure of the link where its P2 port (an example of the second backbone port) is located. The failure information is used as a trigger source, and the node 330 will also send a BPDU message, and the node 330 will send the BPDU to the The message is sent from its P1 port, and the BPDU message passes through link L3. Node 340 will receive the BPDU message through its P2 port. Node 340 determines that its P1 port is in the forwarding state, so it will send the BPDU message from its P1 port. The port is forwarded out. However, since the P2 port of the node 310 is in a blocked state, the node 310 cannot receive the BPDU packet through its P2 port.
  • the node 310 can know that a link failure has occurred in the ring network under the trigger of the notification message, so it will immediately switch its P2 port to the forwarding state, thereby enabling the backup link L1 , and further, the new linear link composed of the links L4, L1, and L3 can still be used for the normal communication of the node 310, the node 320, the node 330 and the node 340.
  • the present application can improve the response time of the switching of the active and standby links, realize rapid network reorganization, and ensure the requirements of in-vehicle applications.
  • the node 330 will also switch its P2 port to the blocking state, or the node 320 will also switch its P1 port to the blocking state.
  • the method further includes: restoring the L2 to normal, and restoring the physical connection between the node 320 and the node 330 through the L2.
  • One of the P1 port of the node 320 and the P2 port of the node 330 is in a blocked state and cannot forward data.
  • the ring network returns to the initial state, and L2 becomes a new backup link in the ring network.
  • the node 330 switches its P2 port to a blocking state.
  • the node 320 switches its P1 port to the blocking state.
  • the P1 ports in FIG. 3 are all set as master ports, and the P2 ports are all set as slave ports.
  • the primary port connected to the faulty link can be switched to the blocking state by default. That is, the P1 port of the node 320 is set to the blocking state, while the state of the P2 port of the node 330 remains unchanged and is still in the forwarding state.
  • the slave port connected to the faulty link may be switched to the blocked state by default. That is, the P2 port of the node 330 is set to the blocking state, while the state of the P1 port of the node 320 remains unchanged and is still in the forwarding state.
  • the link L2 has a link failure, or the node 330 may fail (eg, power down), thereby causing the links L2 and L3 to fail at the same time.
  • the node 340 will detect that the link where its P2 port is located is faulty, so as to send a BPDU packet through its P1 port, and the node 320 will detect that the link where its P1 port is located is faulty, and thus send a BPDU through its P2 port.
  • the port sends a BPDU packet.
  • the operation logic of the node 340 may refer to the node 330 above.
  • the operation logic of the node 320 is similar to the node 320 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the node 310 can determine that the link where the P1 port is located information switches its P2 port to forwarding state, enabling backup link L1.
  • the node 310 can also switch its P1 port to a blocking state.
  • the node 310 will detect the failure of the link where its P2 port is located, and the node 340 (the second backbone An example of a node) will also detect the failure of the link where its P1 port is located, so it sends a BPDU message through its P2 port.
  • the BPDU message is used to notify the link failure in the ring network, and the BPDU message passes through the node 330.
  • the node 310 will receive the BPDU message through its P1 node.
  • the node 310 may learn that a link failure occurs in the ring network when detecting that the link on which its P2 port is located is faulty or when receiving a BPDU packet, and switch its P2 port to the forwarding state.
  • the P1 ports in FIG. 3 are all set as master ports, and the P2 ports are all set as slave ports.
  • the master port connected to the faulty link can be switched to the blocked state by default. That is, when the L1 fails, the node 340 can switch its P1 port to the blocking state, and the state of the P2 port of the node 310 remains unchanged, and is still in the forwarding state.
  • the slave port connected to the faulty link can be switched to the blocked state by default. That is, when the L1 fails, the node 310 can switch its P2 port to the blocking state again, while the state of the P1 port of the node 340 remains unchanged and is still in the forwarding state. In other words, after state switching, there may be two situations:
  • the P2 port of the node 310 is in the forwarding state, and the P1 port of the node 340 is in the blocking state, or,
  • the P2 port of the node 310 is still in the blocking state, and the P1 port of the node 340 is still in the forwarding state.
  • the node 310 may determine that the link where its P2 port is located is faulty, and its P2 port is in a blocked state, that is, it is determined that the backup link in the ring network is faulty, and therefore the When a BPDU message is received, state switching may not be performed.
  • each of node 310 , node 320 , node 330 and node 340 includes an identifier a.
  • the node determines that it is a backbone node by reading the value of a in the register, thereby executing the above method 200 .
  • the method for determining the link failure by the node 310 , the node 320 , the node 330 , and the node 340 may refer to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 3 only takes 4 backbone nodes connected to form a ring network as an example for illustration, and the number of backbone nodes forming a ring network may also be 3, 5, or 128, etc. Do limit.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 400 for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and a ring network is formed between the M backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port, where M is greater than An integer of 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the network further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, and the second terminal port is in a blocking state.
  • at least two of the M backbone nodes further include a third terminal port, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal port of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the ring network can also be connected to one or more terminal nodes, and the terminal nodes are respectively connected to two backbone nodes in the ring network through the first terminal port and the second terminal port thereof, and the first terminal of the terminal node can be connected
  • the port is set to the forwarding state
  • the second terminal port is set to the blocking state, that is, the link where the first terminal port is located is the primary link, and the link where the second terminal port is located is the backup link, so as to realize the redundant connection of the terminal node. enter.
  • method 400 includes:
  • the terminal node determines that a third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located.
  • the failure of the third link includes, but is not limited to, the following possibilities: the first terminal port of the terminal node is loose, resulting in a link failure; The communication lines on the three links are short-circuited, open-circuited, or open-circuited, etc., resulting in link failures.
  • the terminal node switches the second terminal port to a forwarding state.
  • the terminal node when the terminal node determines that the third link is faulty, it can switch the second terminal port from the blocking state to the forwarding state, thereby enabling the backup link where the blocked port is located to ensure communication security.
  • the terminal node can learn the fault information of its active and standby links, and the link fault information is used as the event trigger source.
  • the terminal node When the terminal node obtains this information, it switches the port in the blocking state to the forwarding state, thereby Start the backup link where the port in the blocked state is located.
  • the present application does not require equipment other than the terminal node to participate in control and processing, and completes the fast switching of the active and standby links under the internal configuration logic of the terminal node. Therefore, the response time of the switching of the active and standby links can be improved. , to achieve rapid network reorganization and ensure the needs of in-vehicle applications.
  • the method 400 further includes: S430, the terminal node switches the first terminal port to the blocking state.
  • the terminal node may switch the second terminal port connected to the first link to a blocked state, so that the first link becomes a backup link, and the link where the first terminal port is located becomes the primary link.
  • the third link is restored to normal, a new ring network topology and a multi-ring nested complex network will not be constructed by the access of the terminal node, so as to ensure the reliability of the communication system.
  • the two links of the terminal node accessing the ring network still have a main link and a backup link.
  • both links of the terminal node can communicate with the ring network, thus solving the problem that the redundant access of terminal nodes will build a complex network topology, and improving the reliability of redundant access of important terminal nodes.
  • the terminal node determines that the third link is faulty, including: the terminal node determines that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the present application can realize the switching of the active and standby links at the physical layer, so that the efficiency is higher.
  • the terminal node determines that the third link is faulty, which may also be: the terminal node determines that the first link is faulty through a connectivity detection message.
  • connection status of the link is detected by means of link heartbeat.
  • link failures include, but are not limited to, possible link failures caused by loose ports, link failures due to power failure of backbone nodes, short circuits, open circuits, and open circuits on the links.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the Ethernet system.
  • the terminal node with the second identifier will not recognize or forward the notification message in the Ethernet system, and will not play the role of the notification message Switch the state of the port down. That is, the terminal node with the second identifier only monitors the status of its own active and standby links, and does not participate in the switching logic of the backbone network.
  • the method 400 further includes: S440, the terminal node detects the second identifier, and the terminal node determines itself as a terminal node in the network according to the second identifier.
  • the second identifier may be a value written into the register, which is used to identify the terminal node.
  • the terminal node When the terminal node is powered on, it is determined to be the terminal node by reading the value in the register. Further, Execute the switching logic of the terminal node, that is, if the link where a terminal port is located fails, the standby link will be opened to complete the switchover of the active and standby links to ensure communication security.
  • the terminal node determines that the link where the second terminal port is located is faulty, it may not perform any operation.
  • the link where the second terminal port is located returns to normal, the second terminal port is still in a blocked state, and the link where the second terminal port is located is still a standby link.
  • the switching logic of the terminal node and the backbone node is independent and does not interfere with each other, thereby helping to improve the reliability and simplicity of the Ethernet system.
  • Step 1 Configure the device accessing the network as a terminal node, for example, identify the terminal node through a second identifier, and configure two terminal ports of the terminal node.
  • Step 2 Set one of the two terminal ports of the terminal node in the blocking state and the other in the forwarding state, configure the operation logic of the terminal node, and connect the terminal node to the backbone node of the ring network.
  • Step 3 Configure the power-on networking time jitter difference register, configure the power-on startup time jitter difference, and eliminate the network switching oscillation caused by the power-on jitter difference.
  • Step 4 Power on, and enable the working state and running logic of the terminal node.
  • the operation logic of the terminal node is also the method 400 for forming a network mentioned above.
  • Step 5 If the operating logic includes the switching constraints of the terminal node, when the terminal node reaches the set constraints, the terminal node goes offline or restarts again until the signal quality of the active and standby links returns to good, or until the next restart. It is turned on after the power is turned on, or the follow-up action is set by the management device. If no handover restrictions are set, the end device will perform free diagnosis and handover based on link signal quality and settings.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an Ethernet system 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Each of the node 310, the node 320, the node 330 and the node 340 includes two backbone ports P1 and P2, and the P1 ports and the P2 ports are connected in pairs to form a ring network.
  • the Ethernet system 500 also includes a terminal node, namely a node 510.
  • the node 510 includes ports P1 (an example of a first terminal port) and P2 (an example of a second terminal port).
  • the P1 port of the node 510 is in a forwarding state, and the node The P2 port of 510 is blocked.
  • the node 310 and the node 330 also include a port P3 (an example of a third terminal port), and the P3 port of the node 310 is connected to the P1 port of the node 510, which is denoted as link L5, the P3 port of the node 330 and the P2 port of the node 510. connection, denoted as link L6.
  • the node 510 is connected to the ring network through the P3 port (an example of the third terminal port) of the node 310 and the node 330 (that is, an example of at least two backbone nodes), so as to realize redundant access.
  • Any terminal port, such as the P2 port, is set to the blocking state, then the link L6 can only transmit physical layer signals and cannot transmit data, so L6 is the standby link, and the P1 port of the node 510 is in the forwarding state, that is, the L5 link is The main link, the node 510 can communicate with the ring network via L5.
  • the node 510 detects that the link where its P2 port is located is faulty, and the failure information is used as an event trigger source, so that the node 510 can switch its P2 port to the forwarding state, that is, enable the Standby link, communicates with the ring network through L6. Therefore, the present application can improve the response time of switching between the active and standby links, realize rapid network reorganization, and ensure the requirements of in-vehicle applications.
  • L5 can also switch its P1 port to a blocked state, which can prevent both links of the terminal node from being able to communicate with the ring network, thus solving the problem that redundant access of terminal nodes will build a complex network topology, improving The reliability of redundant access of important terminal nodes is improved.
  • the failure of the L5 may be caused by the failure of the node 310 or the abnormality of the P3 port of the node 310, or the failure caused by the abnormality of the line of the L5.
  • node 510 determines that L5 is faulty through differential signal diagnostics.
  • the node 510 includes an identifier b, and when powered on, the node 510 determines that it is a backbone node by reading the b value of the register, so as to execute the above method 400 .
  • the method 400 further includes: restoring the L5 to normal, and restoring the physical connection between the node 510 and the node 310 through the L5.
  • the P1 port of the node 510 is in a blocked state and cannot forward data.
  • the L5 becomes the new backup link of the node 510 .
  • FIG. 5 only takes 4 backbone nodes connected to form a ring network as an example for illustration, and the number of backbone nodes forming a ring network may also be 3, 5, or 128, etc. Do limit.
  • the connection to the node 510 in FIG. 5 may also be any two backbone nodes among the node 310 , the node 320 , the node 330 and the node 340 .
  • two or more terminal nodes may be connected, and the backbone nodes connected to the multiple terminal nodes may be the same or different, which are not limited in this application.
  • the above-mentioned method 200 and method 400 may be combined to form another method for forming a network.
  • the process in method 200 is used to switch the main and backup links of the backbone network
  • the process in method 400 is used to switch the main and backup links of the terminal node.
  • the specific process can be Referring to the descriptions in the above-mentioned method 200 and method 400, details are not repeated here.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 The method for forming a network of the present application is described above with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 .
  • the apparatus of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 . It should be understood that the apparatuses shown in FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 can implement each step in the above method, and for brevity, details are not repeated here.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and a ring network is formed between the M backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port, where M is greater than An integer of 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the apparatus 600 includes a transceiver unit 610 and a processing unit 620 .
  • the device is the first backbone node.
  • the transceiver unit 610 is configured to acquire link failure information in the ring network;
  • the processing unit 620 is configured to switch the second backbone port of the first backbone node to a forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the transceiver unit 610 is specifically used for:
  • a notification packet is received through the first backbone port of the first backbone node, where the notification packet is used to indicate that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • the processing unit 620 is further configured to: determine that the second link is faulty, and the second link is the link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located.
  • processing unit 620 is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the first backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the processing unit 620 is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the processing unit 620 is further configured to: detect the first identifier; and determine itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and a ring network is formed between the M backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port, where M is greater than An integer of 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the apparatus 700 includes a transceiver unit 710 and a processing unit 720 .
  • the device is a second backbone node.
  • the processing unit 720 is configured to determine that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located; the transceiver unit 710 is configured to transmit through the second backbone port of the second backbone node
  • the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty.
  • processing unit 720 is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the second backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the processing unit 720 is specifically configured to: determine that the first link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the network.
  • the processing unit 720 is further configured to: detect the first identifier; and determine itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and a ring network is formed between the M backbone nodes through the first backbone port and the second backbone port, where M is greater than An integer of 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any one of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state.
  • the network further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, and the second terminal port is in a blocking state.
  • At least two of the M backbone nodes further include third terminal ports, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal ports of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the apparatus 800 includes a processing unit 810 .
  • the device is a terminal node.
  • the processing unit 810 is configured to determine that the third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located.
  • the processing unit 810 is further configured to switch the second terminal port to the forwarding state.
  • processing unit 810 is further configured to: switch the first terminal port to a blocked state.
  • the processing unit 810 is specifically configured to: determine that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the network.
  • the processing unit 810 is further configured to: detect the second identifier; and determine itself as a terminal node in the network according to the second identifier.
  • the apparatus 800 may further include a transceiving unit 820 for performing data transceiving.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus 900 for forming a network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 900 includes at least one memory 910 and at least one processor 920, the at least one memory 910 is used for storing a program, and the at least one processor 920 is used for running the program, so as to realize the technical solution of the present application.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically programmable Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • enhanced SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SLDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory Fetch memory
  • direct memory bus random access memory direct rambus RAM, DR RAM
  • the apparatus 900 may further include a transceiver 930 for performing a function of transmitting and receiving data.
  • the apparatus 900 may correspond to the first backbone node in the methods 200 and 400 according to the embodiments of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include the unit of the method performed by the first backbone node in the method 200 or 400 .
  • the apparatus 900 may correspond to the second backbone node in the method 200 or 400 according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include the unit of the method performed by the second backbone node in the methods 200 and 400 .
  • the apparatus 900 may correspond to a terminal node in the method 400 according to the embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 900 may include a unit of the method performed by the terminal node in the method 400 . It should be understood that the specific process of each unit performing the above-mentioned corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above-mentioned method embodiments, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation logic of a backbone node provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 10, the switching logic includes:
  • the configuration information of the current node is loaded, and the configuration includes configuring the node as a backbone node and configuring the port status of the backbone node mentioned above.
  • the startup networking wait can be used to implement a countdown to the startup waiting during the network startup process, so as to prevent inconsistent startup times of various nodes or devices, resulting in unexpected network switching and causing errors or false alarms.
  • the networking waiting time is not satisfied, or in other words, when the networking countdown is not 0, the networking waiting is continued. If the networking waiting time is satisfied, that is, when the countdown is 0, the state monitoring is entered.
  • the backbone node can monitor the status of the port of the backbone node, the status of the link connected to the backbone node, and the notification message.
  • the switching condition is satisfied. If the switching conditions are not met, the status monitoring will continue, and if the switching conditions are met, the limit check will be entered.
  • the switching condition may be that a notification message is received, or the state of the link connected to the backbone node is faulty, and the like.
  • the reset condition may be to clear the accumulated number of switching times to zero after the stable communication reaches a preset duration.
  • S1001 will be re-entered.
  • the number of switching times can be set.
  • the backbone node can issue an error alarm.
  • the restriction check is mainly for security protection and preventing network problems caused by frequent switching. At the same time, it also takes care of the network. When the network is abnormal, it can directly trigger the reset of the network status of the node to repair serious errors.
  • the alarm is mainly used for error notification, notifying the administrator or an external device that the node is faulty.
  • the blocked port mainly checks whether the blocked port is normal and whether it has the opening conditions. When there is no opening condition, an error warning is issued, and the state monitoring is entered for abnormal processing.
  • the port switching operation is performed, including enabling the blocked port to enter the forwarding state, and updating the forwarding entry.
  • the reset command is an external input command, which is used for detailed state management of the current node during the network management process, so that the node network can be restarted at any time. After the new configuration policy is loaded, the restart takes effect.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture 1100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • LSW1, LSW2, LSW3, and LSW4 are backbone nodes, and LSW5 and LSW6 are terminal nodes.
  • the P0 port of LSW1, LSW2, LSW3, LSW4 and LSW5 is also connected to an MCU, and the P0 port of LSW6 is connected to an MPU.
  • the P1 ports are all set as master ports, and the P2 ports are all set as slave ports.
  • the P2 port of LSW1 is in a blocking state
  • the P2 port of LSW5 is in a blocking state
  • the P1 port of LSW6 is in a blocking state
  • other ports are in a forwarding state.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a link failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the P1 port of LSW2 and the P2 port of LSW3 will trigger a link down state in the port status register. Since the P1 port in LSW2 is the master port, LSW2 switches the P1 port to the blocking state. Further, this link disconnection state will be used as an event trigger source, LSW2 and LSW3 will send BPDUs respectively, LSW3 will send the BPDUs from port P1 to LSW4, the BPDUs will be forwarded by LSW4 to port P2 of LSW1, and The initial state of the P2 port of LSW1 is the blocking state, and it cannot receive BPDUs sent by the P2 port of LSW4. LSW2 sends BPDUs from port P2 to LSW1. After LSW1 receives the BPDU message notification from its P1 port, LSW1 switches the P2 port, which was originally set to the blocking state, to the forwarding state. communication.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a failure of a backbone node according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the link disconnection information of the P2 port of LSW4 will trigger LSW4 to send BPDUs from port P1 to LSW1.
  • the initial state of the P2 port of LSW1 is the Block state and cannot receive the BPDUs sent by the P2 port of LSW4. Since the P1 port in LSW2 is the master port, LSW2 switches the P1 port to the blocking state. Further, the link disconnection information of the P1 port of the LSW2 will trigger the LSW2 to send the BPDU message from the port P2 to the LSW1. After LSW1 receives the BPDU message notification from its P1 port, LSW1 switches the P2 port, which was originally set to the blocking state, to the forwarding state.
  • LSW5 and LSW6 are connected to LSW3, the power failure of LSW3 will cause the active-standby link switching of LSW5 and LSW6. Specifically, the power failure of LSW3 will cause L6 to be disconnected. Since the P2 port of LSW5 is in a blocked state, the communication of LSW5 will not change. However, the main link of LSW6, that is, L7, is connected to LSW3. The power failure of LSW3 will trigger the disconnection of L7. At this time, LSW6 will switch the active and standby links. That is, LSW6 will change the P1 port from the blocking state to the forwarding state. And block off the P2 port.
  • the finally formed network architecture is shown in FIG. 13 , and the network architecture 1300 shown in FIG. 13 can still communicate normally.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path of a BPDU packet in the case of a link failure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path of a BPDU packet in the case of a backbone node provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • LSW2 and LSW4 will trigger the link down state in the port status register, and the link down state will be used as the event trigger source.
  • LSW2 and LSW4 will send BPDUs respectively.
  • Figure 15 shows the process of sending BPDUs.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of port state switching in the case of a link failure of a terminal node according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the link disconnection of the LSW5 port status register will trigger the link switching logic of LSW5. Specifically, when the P2 port of LSW5 satisfies the link up state, LSW5 will open its P2 port, set it to the forward state, and undertake the data exchange of LSW5. At the same time, LSW5 will turn its P1 port into a blocking (Block) state. When the link is restored again, the link will be enabled, but the P1 port is in a blocking (Block) state and will not forward any data packets to the network. Avoid data loops in the network.
  • the finally formed network architecture is shown in FIG. 16 , and the network architecture 1600 shown in FIG. 16 can still communicate normally.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium has program instructions, and when the program instructions are directly or indirectly executed, the technical solutions of the present application can be realized.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product containing instructions, which, when running on a computing device, enable the computing device to execute the technical solutions of the present application, or enable the computing device to implement the function of the controller described above.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, including at least one processor and an interface circuit, where the interface circuit is configured to provide program instructions or data for the at least one processor, and the at least one processor is configured to execute the program instructions , so that the technical solution of the present application can be realized.
  • transceivers or transceiver units may be input and output interfaces, wherein a receiver or a receiving unit may be understood as an input interface, a transmitter or a transmitting unit It can be understood as an output interface.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an Ethernet system, where the Ethernet system includes M backbone nodes, each of the M backbone nodes includes a first backbone port and a second backbone port, and the M backbone nodes pass through the first backbone
  • the port and the second backbone port form a ring network, and M is an integer greater than 2.
  • the M backbone nodes include a first backbone node, the first backbone port of the first backbone node is in a forwarding state, and the second backbone port of the first backbone node is in a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port and the second backbone port of any backbone node of the M backbone nodes except the first backbone node are in the forwarding state, and the second backbone node is the M backbone node except the first backbone node.
  • the first backbone node is used for: acquiring link failure information in the ring network; and switching the second backbone port of the first backbone node to a forwarding state according to the link failure information.
  • the second backbone node is used to: determine that the first link is faulty, and the first link is the link where the first backbone port of the second backbone node is located; send a notification through the second backbone port of the second backbone node message, the notification message is used to indicate that the first link is faulty;
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: receive the notification message through the first backbone port of the first backbone node.
  • the second backbone node is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the second backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone port of the second backbone node is a master port
  • the second backbone port of the second backbone node is a slave port
  • the second backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the first link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the notification message is a bridge protocol data unit BPDU message.
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty, and the second link is the link where the first backbone port of the first backbone node is located.
  • the first backbone node is further configured to: switch the first backbone port of the first backbone node to a blocking state.
  • the first backbone node is specifically configured to: determine that the second link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • each of the M backbone nodes includes a first identifier, and the first identifier is used to identify a backbone node in the Ethernet system.
  • the Ethernet system further includes a terminal node, the terminal node includes a first terminal port and a second terminal port, the first terminal port is in a forwarding state, the second terminal port is in a blocking state, and at least two of the M backbone nodes
  • the backbone node further includes a third terminal port, and the first terminal port and the second terminal port are connected to the third terminal ports of the at least two backbone nodes.
  • the terminal node is used to: determine that the third link is faulty, and the third link is the link where the first terminal port is located; and switch the second terminal port to the forwarding state.
  • the terminal node is further configured to: switch the first terminal port to a blocked state.
  • the terminal node is specifically configured to: determine that the third link is faulty through differential signal diagnosis.
  • the terminal node includes a second identifier, and the second identifier is used to identify the terminal node in the Ethernet system.
  • the first backbone node is further used for: detecting the first identifier; and determining itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the second backbone node is further configured to: detect the first identifier; and determine itself as a backbone node in the network according to the first identifier.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle, including any of the foregoing Ethernet systems provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • new energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, etc.
  • Conventional vehicles include gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and the like.
  • the above Ethernet system is used in a vehicle
  • the backbone node may be a VIU
  • the terminal node may be a domain controller DC, such as CDC, VDC, and the like.
  • the terminal node and the backbone node may both be switching chips (Line switch, LSW), and their hardware structures are the same, and the terminal node and the backbone node are distinguished by the first identifier and the second identifier, so that the node can be Different identifiers execute different switching logics, reducing the configuration complexity of the switching chip.
  • LSW Line switch
  • each backbone node or terminal node may have one or more other ports, for example, non-backbone gateways or non-terminal ports, and these ports can be connected to other devices, for example, a microprocessing unit (microprocessing unit).
  • processor unit MPU
  • micro control unit micro control unit
  • I/O interface input/output interface
  • FIG. 1 is only a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present application, and the application scenario of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the solution of the present application can also be used in traditional Ethernet, wherein the backbone node can be a router or a switch , the terminal node can also be a router or a switch.
  • the network architecture and service scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the evolution of the architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” and the like mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application.
  • appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in some embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” “in other embodiments,” etc. in various places in this specification are not necessarily All refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • the terms “including”, “including”, “having” and their variants mean “including but not limited to” unless specifically emphasized otherwise.
  • At least one means one or more
  • plural means two or more.
  • And/or which describes the relationship of the associated objects, means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: including the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B at the same time, and the existence of B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the sequence of execution, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not be dealt with in the embodiments of the present application. implementation constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆，该网络包括M个骨干节点，该M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，该M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。其中，M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，其第一骨干端口为转发状态，其第二骨干端口为阻塞状态；其他的骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态。该方法包括：第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，第一骨干节点根据该链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。本申请的方法，可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。

Description

一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆
本申请要求申请日为2021年4月17日、申请号为202110415169.3、申请名称为“一种组建网络的方法和装置”的中国发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请要求申请日为2021年7月29日、申请号为202110861508.0、申请名称为“一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆”的中国发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及以太网领域，更具体地，涉及一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆。
背景技术
为了提升车辆系统的通信安全与可靠性，车载以太网应用过程中通常会涉及冗余网络以做数据链路备份。典型的网络拓扑架构如T型网络，双线性网络，环形拓扑。在这些网络拓扑架构中，环形网络的成本最低而被诸多应用场景广泛使用。
使用环形网络必然会在二层网络中形成二层环路，如果不采取措施消除环路将会引起网络广播风暴、媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址表震荡导致的MAC地址表项不可用等一系列问题。
为了消除二层环路，传统网络技术使用生成树协议(spanning tree protocol，STP)、快速生成树协议(rapid spanning tree protocol，RSTP)、多生成树协议(multiple spanning tree protocol、MSTP)等，通过节点选举进行链路剪裁与环路消除动作。然而，STP/RSTP/MSTP等协议由于收敛算法与机制的限制，导致网络拓扑建立时间无法满足车载应用的需求。
发明内容
本申请提供一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆，能够提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
第一方面，提供一种组建网络的方法，该网络包括M个骨干节点，该M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，该M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。其中，M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态；M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态。该方法包括：第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，第一骨干节点根据该链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
本申请中，第一骨干节点可以获知环形网络中的链路故障信息，该链路故障信息作为事件触发源，第一骨干节点在获取该信息的情况下，将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，从而启动原阻塞状态的端口所在的备用链路。端口状态切换后，环形网络可以重组为线形通信网络，用于链路故障下的通信。相比于现有技术中，当出现链路故障时，所有节点静默，然后进行新一轮的节点选举和链路裁切，以重建剩余链路之间的通信连接，本申请可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：第一骨干节点通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障，第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一骨干节点将第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障，包括：第一骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一骨干节点检测第一标识；第一骨干节点根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
第二方面，提供一种组建网络的方法，其特征在于，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。该方法包括：第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路；第二骨干节点通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障。
本申请中，第二骨干节点在确定第一链路发生故障时，会发送通知报文，使得第一骨干节点可以获知环形网络中的链路故障信息，该链路故障信息作为事件触发源，第一骨干节点在获取该信息的情况下，将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，从而启动原阻塞状态的端口所在的备用链路。端口状态切换后，环形网络可以重组为线形通信网络，用于链路故障下的通信。相比于现有技术中，当出现链路故障时，所有节点静默，然后进行新一轮的节点选举和链路裁切，以重建剩余链路之间的通信连接，本申请可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第二骨干节点将第二 骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，包括：第二骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第二骨干节点检测第一标识；第二骨干节点根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
第三方面，提供一种组建网络的方法，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态。该网络还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。该方法包括：终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路；终端节点将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
本申请中，终端节点可以获知其主备链路的故障信息，该链路故障信息作为事件触发源，终端节点在获取该信息的情况下，将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，从而启动原阻塞状态的端口所在的备用链路。相比于现有技术，本申请无需终端节点之外的设备参与控制与处理，在终端节点内部的配置逻辑下完成主备链路的快速切换，因此，可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：终端节点将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，包括：终端节点通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识网络中的终端节点。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：终端节点检测第二标识；终端节点根据第二标识确定自身为网络中的终端节点。
第四方面，提供一种组建网络的装置，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发 状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。该装置包括收发单元和处理单元。可选地，该装置为第一骨干节点。收发单元，用于获取环形网络中的链路故障信息；处理单元，用于根据链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，收发单元具体用于：通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文，该通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：确定第二链路发生故障，第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：将第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
第五方面，提供一种组建网络的装置，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。该装置包括收发单元和处理单元。可选地，该装置为第二骨干节点。处理单元，用于确定第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路；收发单元，用于通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：将第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
结合第五方面，在第五方面的某些实现方式中，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元 BPDU报文。
第六方面，提供一种组建网络的装置，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态。该网络还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。该装置包括处理单元。可选地，该装置为终端节点。处理单元，用于确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路。处理单元，还用于将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识该网络中的终端节点。
结合第六方面，在第六方面的某些实现方式中，处理单元还用于：检测第二标识；根据第二标识确定自身为网络中的终端节点。
第七方面，提供一种组建网络的装置，该装置包括：存储器，用于存储计算机程序；处理器，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以使得该装置执行第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第二方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。
第八方面，提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有该芯片系统的设备执行第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第二方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。
第九方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，该计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，当该计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第二方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法，或执行第三方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。
第十方面，提供一种以太网系统，包括：M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。
第一骨干节点用于：获取环形网络中的链路故障信息；
根据链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点用于：确定第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路；通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障；
第一骨干节点具体用于：通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点还用于：将第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第二骨干节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点具体用于：确定第二链路发生故障，第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点还用于：将第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，第一骨干节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识以太网系统中的骨干节点。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，以太网系统还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态，M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。终端节点用于：确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路；将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点还用于：将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
结合第十方面，在第十方面的某些实现方式中，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识以太网系统中的终端节点。
第十一方面，提供一种车辆，其特征在于，包括第十方面或第十方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的以太网系统。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的一种应用场景的示意图。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的方法的示意性框图。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种以太网系统的示意性框图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的方法的示意性流程图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种以太网系统的示意性框图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点的运行逻辑示意图。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种网络架构1100的示意图。
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种链路故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种链路故障情况下BPDU报文的传输路径示意图。
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点情况下BPDU报文的传输路径示意图。
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种链路故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
图1是本申请实施例的一种应用场景的示意图。如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的方法可以应用于以太网系统100中，该以太网系统100可以包括区域控制器(domain controller，DC)110、整车集成单元(vehicle integrated/integration unit，VIU)120以及车辆零部件130。DC 110、VIU 120、以及车辆零部件130之间通过以太网(ethernet)技术通信。
在图1中，DC 110包括多个DC，每个DC用于管理车辆中的某一个功能域，即DC与位于功能域内的多个车辆零部件之间存在通信连接。DC 110用于控制对应功能域内的车辆零部件，或者为对应的功能域内的车辆零部件提供数据的处理功能。
作为示例，车辆中的DC可以包括自动驾驶域控制器、座舱域控制器(cockpit domain controller，CDC)、整车域控制器(vehicle domain controller，VDC)等。自动驾驶域控制器可以为实现自动驾驶功能的车辆零部件提供服务，实现自动驾驶功能的车辆零部件包括单目摄像头、双目摄像头、毫米波雷达、激光雷达、超声波雷达等。CDC可以为座舱域的车辆零部件提供服务，其中座舱域的车辆零部件包括抬头显示器、仪表显示器、收音机、导航、摄像头等。VDC可以为车身域的车辆零部件以及底盘域的车辆零部件提供服务，其中，车身域的车辆零部件包括门窗升降控制器、电动后视镜、空调、中央门锁等。底盘域的车辆零部件包括制动系统中的车辆零部件、转向系统中的车辆零部件、加速系统中的车辆零部件，比如油门等。
车辆零部件130，包含执行元件，执行元件用于实现特定的功能，其中执行元件例如可以是车辆中的传感器133或者执行器132等。可选地，车辆零部件130还可以包括(electronic control unit，ECU)131。其中，车辆零部件130可以包含以下车辆零部件中一种或多种，具有部分或者完整ECU功能的车辆零部件；以及不具有电子控制功能的车辆零部件。其中，具有完整的电子控制功能的车辆零部件130，可以理解为，车辆零部件130可以由自身的ECU 131实现车辆零部件130所需的全部电子控制功能。具有部分的电子控制功能的车辆零部件130，可以理解为，车辆零部件130所需的一部分电子控制功能由车辆零部件130中的ECU实现，车辆零部件130所需的另一部分电子控制功能由VIU 120实现。不具有电子控制功能的车辆零部件130，可以理解为，车辆零部件130不具有实现电子控制功能的电子控制单元ECU，车辆零部件130所需的电子控制功能全部由VIU实现。其中，ECU 131，位于车辆零部件的内部，用于为车辆零部件提供电子控制功能。例如，雨刷器内的电子控制单元，位于车门内的电子控制单元等。
VIU 120，与车辆零部件130之间存在通信连接，且与车辆中的DC 110之间存在通信连接。例如，图1中VIU 1与车辆零部件1、车辆零部件2、车辆零部件3通信连接，且VIU 1与DC1和DC2之间存在通信连接。可选地，VIU 120可以与DC 110中的某一个DC之间存在通信连接，例如，图1所示的VIU b与DC n之间存在通信连接。VIU 120还可以与DC 110中多个DC之间都存在通信连接，例如，图1所示的VIU 1可以与DC 1和DC 2之间都存在通信连接。
作为示例，VIU 120可以将从DC 110获取的控制信息发送至车辆零部件130中对应的部件，并基于获取的控制信息控制车辆零部件130中的部件执行某种操作，例如，基于控制信息控制雨刷器的动作；又例如，基于控制信息控制车门门锁的开关状态等。VIU 120也可以对车辆零部件130中待处理的数据进行处理，例如，将通过雨刷器的敏感元件采集的雨量信息进行数据处理，确定雨刷器的工作状态，其中工作状态包括雨刷器的工作频率或开关状态。又例如，将车门上通过门锁的敏感元件获取的指纹信息进行数据处理，确定车门的开关状态信息。VIU 120还可以将数据处理的结果发送至DC 110，由DC 110根据区域的工作状态生成相应的控制信息。
目前，车载以太网系统中，环形网络由于成本最低而被广泛使用。例如，在系统100中，各个VIU之间可以通过有线的方式连接成环形网络，或者，也可以称为骨干网络，每个VIU作为一个环形网络中的一个骨干节点。进一步，可以将车内的电子设备(例如，图1中的DC110、车辆零部件130)连接到环形网络上，从而车内的电子设备可以通过环网实现通信，接入环网的设备可以称为终端节点。
使用环形网络必然会在二层网络中形成二层环路，通常为了消除二层环路，可以使用生成树协议(spanning tree protocol，STP)、快速生成树协议(rapid spanning tree protocol，RSTP)、多生成树协议(multiple spanning tree protocol、MSTP)等，通过节点选举进行链路剪裁与环路消除动作。然而，STP/RSTP/MSTP等协议由于收敛算法与机制的限制，导致网络拓扑建立时间无法满足车载应用的需求。
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆，能够提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的方法200的示意性框图，该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，该环形网络也可以称为骨干网络，M为大于2的整数。其中，M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。
本申请中，网络中包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间可以通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络。 在该环形网络中，可以将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口设置为阻塞状态，M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，从而避免二层环路。此时，处于阻塞状态的端口所在的链路也可以称为备用链路，而这些处于转发状态的端口两两相连，共同形成主链路。其中，组建网络的方法200，包括以下步骤：
S210，第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息。
本申请中，链路故障包括但不限于以下可能：骨干节点的骨干端口松动导致链路故障、链路所连接的任一个骨干节点掉电导致链路故障、链路上的通信线短路、开路、断路等导致链路故障。
应理解，本申请中，骨干端口是骨干节点的端口中用于形成环形网络的端口，一个骨干节点可以包括两个骨干端口，两个骨干端口分别连接一个骨干节点。
作为一种可能的实现方式，链路故障信息包括第一链路发生故障，该第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。其中，S210中，第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：
第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，第二骨干节点通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障。对应地，第一骨干节点可以通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文。
也就是说，当第二骨干节点检测到第一链路发生故障时，该故障信息可以触发第二骨干节点发送通知报文，该通知报文用于指示链路故障信息，第二骨干节点可以通过其第二骨干端口发送通知报文。通知报文可能会经过环形网络中各个骨干节点的转发，第一骨干节点会在其第一骨干端口接收到通知报文，从而根据该通知报文获取环形网络中的链路故障信息。
本申请中，第一链路发生故障包括但不限于以下可能：第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口松动导致链路故障、第一链路所连接的另一端的骨干节点掉电导致链路故障、第一链路上的通信线短路、开路、断路等导致链路故障。
需要说明的是，当环形网络中某一条链路或者某个节点发生故障，故障链路所连接的两个骨干节点或者故障节点所连接的两个骨干节点均会检测到链路故障信息，该故障信息作为通知报文的触发源，因此，这两个第二骨干节点会将通知报文从其可以正常通信的端口转发出去，也就说是，在环形网络中，会有存在两个第二骨干节点，分别执行发送通知报文的步骤，从而环形网络中会存在两个通知报文，其在环形网络中的传输方向相反，其中一个会到达第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口，由于该端口为阻塞状态，因此通知报文在该端口处将会被丢弃。另一个通知报文会到达第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口，由于该端口为转发状态，因此第一骨干节点可以通过其第一骨干端口接收该通知报文。第一骨干节点在接收到通知报文的情况下，即获知环形网络中发生了链路故障。换而言之，通过通知报文，使得第一骨干节点获取链路故障信息。
应理解，本申请中的通知报文即为链路故障下的通知报文，在发生链路故障时，将会触发通知报文的发送，而在未发生链路故障的情况下，将不会触发通知报文的发送，从而对第一骨干节点来说，接收到通知报文，即视为环形网络中的链路发生了故障，在未接收到的情况下，即视为链路正常。而对于通知报文所包括的具体信息，可以携带发生故障的 链路的具体信息，即具体是哪个链路发生了故障，也可以不携带，本申请不做限定。
作为一种可能的实现方式，链路故障信息包括第二链路发生故障，该第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。其中，S210中，第一骨干节点获取环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障。
本申请中，第一骨干节点可以获取其第一骨干端口所在的链路的故障信息。换言之，环形网络中如果是第二链路发生故障，第一骨干节点可以通过其自身端口性能获得第一骨干端口的故障信息，在这种情况下，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口无法与外界通信，且第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为阻塞状态，因此不会接收到通知报文。
本申请中，环形网络中如果是第一链路发生故障，则第一骨干节点可以通过其第一骨干端口接收通知报文，从而获取链路故障信息，如果是第二链路发生故障，则第一骨干节点可以直接获取到链路故障信息。
本申请中，第二链路发生故障包括但不限于以下可能：第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口松动导致链路故障、第二链路所连接的另一端的骨干节点掉电导致链路故障、第二链路上的通信线短路、开路、断路等导致链路故障。
S220，第一骨干节点根据链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
当第一骨干节点获取链路故障信息，会将其处于阻塞状态的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。也就是说，第一骨干节点可以根据链路故障信息获知当前环形网络中存在链路故障，因此立即将原来处于阻塞状态的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态，从而启用环形网络中的备用链路，如此以来，所有正常的节点可以继续通过备用链路和未发生故障的链路所形成的线形通信网络进行正常通行，完成故障状态下的通信，保证以太网系统的通信安全。
本申请中，第一骨干节点可以获知环形网络中的链路故障信息，该链路故障信息作为事件触发源，第一骨干节点在获取该信息的情况下，将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，从而启动原阻塞状态的端口所在的备用链路。端口状态切换后，环形网络可以重组为线形通信网络，用于链路故障下的通信。相比于现有技术中，当出现链路故障时，所有节点静默，然后进行新一轮的节点选举和链路裁切，以重建剩余链路之间的通信连接，本申请可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
需要说明的是，本申请中，端口的转发状态(forward)指该端口可以传输物理层(physical layer)信号，也可以传输层二及以上报文。端口的堵塞状态(block)指的是该端口可以传输物理层(physical layer)信号，不可以传输层二及以上报文，层二及以上报文经过该端口将会被丢弃。
应理解，本申请中的链路指的是两个节点之间的直线链路，即这两个节点之间不存在其他的节点。
可选地，如果是第一链路发生故障，则该方法还包括：S230-a，第二骨干节点将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
本申请中，第一链路发生故障后，第二骨干节点可以将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。通过这种方式，当第一链路恢复正常后，该环形网络中仍然有一个处于阻塞状态的端口，避免形成网络风暴。
特此说明，如果是第一链路发生故障，在环形网络中会有两个第二骨干节点分别执行 发送通知报文的步骤，然而，这两个第二骨干节点中只有一个会将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
应理解，本申请中第二骨干节点发送通知报文，第一骨干节点接收通知报文，不限定通知报文在传输过程中是否经过其他骨干节点的转发，即可以是第二骨干节点直接通过第一和第二骨干节点之间的链路将通知报文发送给第一骨干节点，也可以是第二骨干节点先将该通知报文发送至与其相连的骨干节点，经过一次或多次转发从而到达第一骨干节点。
可选地，在S220之前，第二骨干节点将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
也就是说，第二骨干节点在发送通知报文之前，将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态，如此以来，避免了第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口在切换为阻塞状态之前，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口已经切换为转发状态且第一链路已经恢复正常，有助于保障网络安全。
可选地，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
在点对点(peer to peer，P2P)通信中，一条链路所连接的两个端口会分别被设置为主(master)端口和从(slave)端口，并且在环形网络中，任一条链路始终以主端口和从端口配对连接。若两个主端口直接连接或者两个从端口直接连接，将无法通信。在主端口和从端口配对连接形成的链路中，主端口会主动向从端口发送握手信号，从而和从端口建立通信连接。
本申请中，当第一链路发生故障后，发送通知报文的两个第二骨干节点可以检测其第一骨干端口是否为主端口，当为主端口时，该第二骨干节点将其第一骨干端口切换为堵塞状态。也就是说，当链路故障后，将故障链路所连接的主端口设置为阻塞状态，通过这种方式，当该故障链路恢复正常后，链路中的主端口为阻塞状态，能够避免该链路上的握手信号，从而可以减少通信开销。
可选地，本申请的方案中，也可以是第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。也就是说，可以将故障链路所连接的从端口切换为阻塞状态，本申请不做限定。
换而言之，在配置节点的切换逻辑时，当链路发生故障，第二骨干节点可以检测其第二骨干端口是否为主端口，当为主端口时，将其第二骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。或者，也可以配置为，第二骨干节点检测其第二骨干端口是否为从端口，当为从端口时，将其第二骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。应理解，无论上述哪种配置方式，每个骨干节点上配置的切换逻辑应该是相同的，避免形成切换混乱。
应理解，对于第二骨干节点，其第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一链路也可以是第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口所在的链路，从而发送通知报文的端口也可以是第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口，本申请不做限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元(bridge protocol data unit，BPDU)报文。
本申请可以利用现有STP/RSTP协议中的BPDU报文，通过改变其触发条件，从而在实现网络快速重组的同时，可以更好的和现有协议兼容，减少过多的配置操作，简单易行。
可选地，通知报文还可以是网路群组管理协议(Internet group management protocol，IGMP)的广播报文，即以广播的形式发送链路故障信息。通知报文也可以是定向组播报 文，将所有骨干节点组成组播组，通过发送组播报文进行通知。通知报文也可是媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)组播报文，由MAC层组播报文完成链路故障信息的通知。可选地，通知报文也可以是定向单播报文，由骨干节点定向发送。
应理解，本申请中，通知报文可以是骨干节点在检测到链路故障之前生成的，即链路故障信息只是作为骨干节点发送通知报文的触发源。也可以是骨干节点在检测到链路故障之后，生成通知报文再将其发送，本申请对此不做限定。
应理解，以上通知报文的具体类型仅为举例说明，本申请不限定通知报文的格式和名称，只要是实现与本申请相似的功能，即在链路故障的情况下发送通知报文，且该通知报文可以使得环形网络中原来处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，都属于本申请的保护范围。
可选地，如果是第二链路发生故障，则该方法还包括：S230-b，第一骨干节点将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障时，第一骨干节点将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。通过这种方式，当第二链路恢复正常时，环形网络中仍然存在一个处于阻塞状态的端口，从而可以避免网络风暴，保证通信安全。
可选地，第一骨干节点在S220之前执行S230-b，即，第一骨干节点将其第二骨干端口切换为转发状态之前，先将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
应理解，对于第一骨干节点，其第一骨干端口可以为主端口，也可以为从端口，对应地，其第二骨干节点可以为从端口，也可以为主端口，即初始状态下，环形网络中处于阻塞状态的端口可以是主端口，也可以是从端口，本申请不做限定。
还应理解，本申请中的主端口与从端口，其物理硬件是相同的，只是端口的配置不同。例如，可以通过为两个端口配置不同的标识来区分主端口和从端口。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第四链路可以是第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口所在的链路，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口和第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口直接相连，即，第四链路和第一链路可以是同一条链路，当第一链路(第四链路)发生故障时，第一骨干节点可以检测到其第二骨干端口所在的链路发生故障，此外，第二骨干节点还会通过其第二骨干节点发送通知报文，从而第一骨干节点可以通过其第一骨干端口接收到通知报文。第一骨干节点可以在检测到其第二骨干端口所在的链路发生故障时，或者在接收到通知报文时，其将其第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。可选地，第一骨干节点还可以确定其第二骨干端口为主端口(或从端口)，进一步将其第二骨干端口又切换为阻塞状态。或者，第二骨干节点可以确定其第一骨干端口为主端口(或从端口)，进一步将其第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，第一骨干节点在检测到第四链路发生故障时，确认是环形网络中的备用链路发生了故障，因此即使接收到通知报文，也可以不进行端口状态的切换。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，包括：第二骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
差分信号诊断是以太网物理层的链路诊断技术，具体来说，节点可以检测其端口连接的双绞线上所传输的电压差和载波波形，当传输的电压差和/或载波的波形发生异常时，可以确定链路发生故障。
因此，本申请中，通过差分信号诊断检测链路故障，可以实现链路故障的快速发现， 进而提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
可选地，本申请中，第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，还可以是：第二骨干节点通过连通性检测报文确定第一链路发生故障。
具体地，第二骨干节点可以在其第一骨干端口周期性地发送连通性检测报文，根据有效时间内是否收到连接第一链路的另一端口的响应报文来判断该第一链路是否正常。
应理解，以上故障诊断和发现的方法只为举例，并不构成对本申请的限定，本领域的技术人员也可以通过其他方式实现链路故障的发现。例如：通过链路心跳的方式检测链路的连接状态等。
类似地，第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障，包括：第一骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。或者，第一骨干节点通过连通性检测报文确定第二链路发生故障。或者也可以通过其他方式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，M个骨干节点中的每一个都包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
本申请中，通过为环形网络中的骨干节点配置第一标识，具有该第一标识的骨干节点将会根据链路状态发送通知报文，或者，当接收到通知报文，将会将处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态。或者，当其收到通知报文，会将该通知报文在环形网络中继续转发，从而实现主备链路的切换和网络重组。而对于没有第一标识的节点，不属于环形网络中的骨干节点，将不会进行发送和识别通知报文。也就是说，通过第一标识，可以对网络中的骨干节点进行区分。
以上方式仅为举例说明，也可以通过为网络中的其他节点进行标识，从而区分骨干节点和非骨干节点，本申请对此不做限定。
可选地，该方法200还包括：S240，第一骨干节点检测第一标识，第一骨干节点根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
类似地，该方法200还包括：S250，第二骨干节点检测第一标识，第二骨干节点根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第一标识可以是写入寄存器的数值，其用于标识骨干节点。当骨干节点上电后，通过读取寄存器中的数值，从而确定其为骨干节点，进一步，执行骨干节点的切换逻辑，例如：如果某一个处于转发状态的骨干端口所在的链路发生故障，将会通过另一个处于转发状态的骨干端口发送通知报文。或者，如果某一骨干节点有处于阻塞状态的端口，当接收到通知报文，可以将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态。或者，当某一个骨干节点的两个骨干端口都是转发状态，当其收到通知报文，会将该通知报文在环形网络中继续转发。
下面说明骨干节点的配置过程和上电检测过程。
步骤1：配置接入网络的设备为骨干节点，例如，通过第一标识标识骨干节点，并且配置骨干节点的两个骨干端口。
步骤2：配置所有骨干节点的所有骨干端口的端口熟悉，标识骨干端口的状态，在所有骨干节点中指定一个端口为阻塞状态，其他所有端口为转发状态。为每个骨干节点配置运行逻辑。
步骤3：配置上电组网时间抖动差异寄存器，配置上电启动时间抖动差异，消除上电 抖动差异引起的网络切换震荡。
步骤4：上电，开启骨干节点工作状态与运行逻辑。其中，骨干节点的运行逻辑也就是上文中提及的组建网络的方法200。
步骤5：如果运行逻辑中包括骨干节点的切换限制条件，当骨干节点的任意端口达到切换限制条件，端口停止切换状态，保留当前最后一次设定状态，并且发出网络链路异常通知，以及切换超限端口信息。重启或者软件清除后清除该状态警告，恢复正常功能。
下面结合图3对上文中的方法200进行举例说明。图3是本申请实施例提供的一种以太网系统300的示意性框图。
如图3所示，以太网系统300包括4个骨干节点，即M＝4，分别为节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340。节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340中的每一个包括两个骨干端口P1和P2，P1端口和P2端口两两相连形成环形网络。为了便于说明，将节点310的P2端口和节点340的P1端口所连接的链路(link)称为链路L1，L1也可以称为节点310的P2端口所在的链路，或者节点340的P1端口所在的链路。类似地，L4为节点320的P2端口所在的链路或节点310的P1端口所在的链路，L2为节点330的P2端口所在的链路或节点320的P1端口所在的链路，L3为节点340的P2端口所在的链路或节点330的P1端口所在的链路。其中，节点310(第一骨干节点)的P1端口(第一骨干端口的一例)为转发状态，节点310的P2端口(第二骨干端口的一例)为阻塞状态。除节点310之外的任何一个节点，即节点320、节点330和节点340的P1端口和P2端口均为转发状态，从而可以避免二层环路。此时，L1即为备用链路，L2、L3、L4共同组成主链路。
应理解，节点310的P2端口为堵塞状态，导致层二及以上报文经过该端口时不能被转发，但是L1链路是正常的，也就是说，节点340通过P1端口发送的层二及以上报文可以通过链路L1传输至节点310的P2端口，但是到达节点310的P2端口时，将不会被转发。
在某个时刻，链路L2(第一链路的一例)发生故障，节点320(第二骨干节点的一例)可以检测到其P1端口(第二骨干端口的一例)所在的链路发生故障，该故障信息作为触发源，节点320会并将BPDU报文(通知报文的一例)从其P2端口发送，该BPDU报文经过链路L4，节点310会通过其P1端口接收该BPDU报文，节点310在接收到BPDU报文的情况下，即获知环形网络中发生了链路故障，因此，会立即将其P2端口切换为转发状态，从而使得备用链路L1启用。
链路L2发生故障，节点330也会检测到其P2端口(第二骨干端口的一例)所在的链路发生故障，该故障信息作为触发源，节点330也会发送BPDU报文，节点330将BPDU报文从其P1端口发送，该BPDU报文经过链路L3，节点340会通过其P2端口接收该BPDU报文，节点340确定其P1端口为转发状态，因此会将该BPDU报文从其P1端口转发出去。但是，由于节点310的P2端口为堵塞状态，节点310无法通过其P2端口接收到该BPDU报文。
从上可知，当链路L2发生故障，节点310在通知报文的触发下，可以获知环形网络中发生链路故障，因此会立即将其P2端口切换为转发状态，从而使得备用链路L1启用，进一步，链路L4、L1、L3组成的新的线形链路仍然可以用于节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340的正常通信。相比于技术中新一轮的节点选举等方法，本申请可以提升主 备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
可选地，节点330还会将其P2端口切换为阻塞状态，或者，节点320还会将其P1端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，该方法还包括：L2恢复正常，节点320和节点330通过L2恢复物理连接。而节点320的P1端口和节点330的P2端口中有一个处于堵塞状态，不能转发数据，此时，环形网络恢复初始状态，L2成为环形网络中新的备用链路。
可选地，在节点330发送BPDU报文之前，节点330将其P2端口切换为阻塞状态。或者，节点320在发送BPDU报文之前，节点320将其P1端口切换为阻塞状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，图3中的P1端口均被设置为主端口，P2端口均为设置为从端口。在进行端口切换时，可以默认将故障链路所连接的主端口切换为阻塞状态。即将节点320的P1端口设置阻塞状态，而节点330的P2端口的状态不变，仍然为转发状态。
可选地，在进行端口切换时，可以默认将故障链路所连接的从端口切换为阻塞状态。即将节点330的P2端口设置阻塞状态，而节点320的P1端口的状态不变，仍然为转发状态。
可选地，链路L2发生链路故障，也可以是节点330发生故障(例如，掉电)，从而导致链路L2和L3同时发生故障。在这种情况下，节点340会检测到其P2端口所在的链路发生故障，从而通过其P1端口发送BPDU报文，节点320会检测到其P1端口所在的链路发生故障，从而通过其P2端口发送BPDU报文，此时，节点340的运行逻辑可以参考上文节点330，节点320的运行逻辑与上文节点320类似，在此不再赘述。
可选地，在图3所示的环形网络中，如果链路L4(第二链路的一例)发生故障，节点310可以确定其P1端口所在的链路发生故障，节点310根据该链路故障信息将其P2端口切换为转发状态，从而启用备用链路L1。
可选地，如果链路L4发生故障，节点310还可以将其P1端口切换为阻塞状态。
作为示例，在图3所示的环形网络中，如果是链路L1(第四链路的一例)发生故障，节点310会检测到其P2端口所在的链路发生故障，节点340(第二骨干节点的一例)也会检测到其P1端口所在的链路发生故障，因此通过其P2端口发送BPDU报文，该BPDU报文用于通知环形网络中的链路故障，该BPDU报文经过节点330和节点320的转发，节点310会通过其P1节点接收到BPDU报文。可选地，节点310可以在检测到其P2端口所在的链路发生故障或者在收到BPDU报文时，获知环形网络中发生链路故障，将其P2端口切换为转发状态。
可选地，图3中的P1端口均被设置为主端口，P2端口均为设置为从端口，在进行端口切换时，可以默认将故障链路所连接的主端口切换为阻塞状态。即在L1发生故障时，节点340可以将其P1端口切换为阻塞状态，节点310的P2端口的状态不变，仍然为转发状态。或者，在进行端口切换时，可以默认将故障链路所连接的从端口切换为阻塞状态。即在L1发生故障时，节点310可以再将其P2端口切换为阻塞状态，而节点340的P1端口的状态不变，仍然为转发状态。换而言之，经过状态切换之后，可能会存在两种情况：
1.节点310的P2端口为转发状态，节点340的P1端口为阻塞状态，或者，
2.节点310的P2端口仍然为阻塞状态，节点340的P1端口仍然为转发状态。
可选地，如果是链路L1发生故障，节点310可以确定其P2端口所在的链路发生故障， 且其P2端口为阻塞状态，即确定是环形网络中的备用链路发生了故障，因而在接收到BPDU报文时，可以不进行状态切换。
在图3中，节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340中的每一个包括标识a，当上电后，节点通过读取寄存器的a值确定其为骨干节点，从而执行上述方法200。
在图3中，节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340确定链路故障的方法可以参考上文，在此不再赘述。
应理解，图3仅以4个骨干节点连接成环形网络为例进行说明，形成环形网络的骨干节点的个数还可以是3个、5个，或者128个等，本申请对其个数不做限定。
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的方法400的示意性流程图。该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。其中，M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。该网络还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态。其中，M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。
本申请中，环形网络还可以接入一个或多个终端节点，终端节点通过其第一终端端口和第二终端端口分别和环形网络中的两个骨干节点相连，可以将终端节点的第一终端端口设置为转发状态，第二终端端口设置为阻塞状态，即第一终端端口所在的链路为主链路，第二终端端口所在的链路为备用链路，从而实现终端节点的冗余接入。如图4所示，方法400包括：
S410，终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路。
本申请中，第三链路发生故障包括但不限于以下可能：终端节点的第一终端端口松动导致链路故障、第三链路所连接的另一端的骨干节点掉电导致链路故障、第三链路上的通信线短路、开路、断路等导致链路故障。
S420，终端节点将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
也就是说，当终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，其可以将第二终端端口从阻塞状态切换为转发状态，从而启用阻塞端口所在的备用链路，保障通信安全。
本申请中，终端节点可以获知其主备链路的故障信息，该链路故障信息作为事件触发源，终端节点在获取该信息的情况下，将其处于阻塞状态的端口切换为转发状态，从而启动原阻塞状态的端口所在的备用链路。相比于现有技术，本申请无需终端节点之外的设备参与控制与处理，在终端节点内部的配置逻辑下完成主备链路的快速切换，因此，可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
可选地，在终端节点将第二终端端口切换为转发状态之前，该方法400还包括：S430，终端节点将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
也就是说，终端节点可以将第一链路所连接的第二终端端口切换为堵塞状态，使得第一链路成为备用链路，第一终端端口所在的链路成为主链路。通过这种方式，当第三链路 恢复正常后，不会由终端节点的接入而构建新的环网拓扑和多环嵌套的复杂网络，保证通信系统的可靠性。
此外，通过这种方式，当第三链路恢复正常后，终端节点接入环形网络的两条链路仍然存在一条主链路，一条备用链路。通过这种方式，可以避免终端节点的两条链路都可以与环形网络通信，从而解决了终端节点冗余接入会构建复杂网络拓扑的问题，提升了重要终端节点冗余接入的可靠性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，S410，终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，包括：终端节点通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
关于差分信号诊断的具体说明可以参见上文方法200中，在此不再赘述。
本申请中，通过差分信号诊断检测链路故障，可以实现链路故障的快速发现，进而提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现骨干网络的快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
也就是说，本申请可以在物理层实现主备链路的切换，从而效率更高。
可选地，本申请中，S410，终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，还可以是：终端节点通过连通性检测报文确定第一链路发生故障。
应理解，以上故障诊断和发现的方法只为举例，并不构成对本申请的限定，本领域的技术人员也可以通过其他方式实现链路故障的发现。例如：通过链路心跳的方式检测链路的连接状态等。
应理解，本申请中，链路故障包括但不限于可能：端口松动引起的链路故障、骨干节点掉电链路故障、链路上的通信线短路、开路、断路等。
可选地，在方法400中，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识以太网系统中的终端节点。
本申请中，通过为以太网系统中的终端节点配置第二标识，具有该第二标识的终端节点将不会识别或转发以太网系统中的通知报文，也不会在通知报文的作用下切换端口的状态。即，具有第二标识的终端节点只对自身的主备链路的状态进行监测，不参与骨干网络的切换逻辑。
以上方式仅为举例说明，也可以通过为以太网系统中的其他节点进行标识，从而区分终端节点和非终端节点。
可选地，该方法400还包括：S440，终端节点检测第二标识，终端节点根据第二标识确定自身为网络中的终端节点。
作为一种可能的实现方式，第二标识可以是写入寄存器的数值，其用于标识终端节点，当终端节点上电后，通过读取寄存器中的数值，从而确定其为终端节点，进一步，执行终端节点的切换逻辑，即：如果某一终端端口所在的链路故障，将会打开备用链路，完成主备链路的切换，保证通信安全。
应理解，本申请中，当终端节点确定第二终端端口所在的链路发生故障，其可以不进行任何操作。当第二终端端口所在的链路恢复正常时，第二终端端口仍然为阻塞状态，第二终端端口所在的链路仍然为备用链路。
因此，本申请中，通过第一标识和第二标识，使得终端节点和骨干节点的切换逻辑相关独立，互不干扰，从而有助于提升以太网系统的可靠性和简洁性。
下面说明终端节点的配置过程和上电检测过程。
步骤1：配置接入网络的设备为终端节点，例如，通过第二标识标识终端节点，并且配置终端节点的两个终端端口。
步骤2：设置终端节点的两个终端端口一个为阻塞状态，一个为转发状态，配置终端节点的运行逻辑，并将终端节点接入环形网络骨干节点。
步骤3：配置上电组网时间抖动差异寄存器，配置上电启动时间抖动差异，消除上电抖动差异引起的网络切换震荡。
步骤4：上电，开启终端节点工作状态与运行逻辑。其中，终端节点的运行逻辑也就是上文中提及的组建网络的方法400。
步骤5：如果运行逻辑中包括终端节点的切换限制条件，当终端节点达到设定的限制条件，终端节点下线或者直至主备链路信号质量恢复到优良再次恢复开启，或到下次重启上电后开启，或者有管理设备设定后续动作。如果未设定切换限制条件，终端设备将根据链路信号质量和设置进行自由诊断与切换。
下面结合图5对上文中的方法400进行举例说明。图5是本申请实施例提供的一种以太网系统500的示意性框图。
如图5所示，以太网系统500包括4个骨干节点，即M＝4，分别为节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340。节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340中的每一个包括两个骨干端口P1和P2，P1端口和P2端口两两相连形成环形网络。该以太网系统500中还包括一个终端节点，即节点510，节点510包括端口P1(第一终端端口的一例)和P2(第二终端端口的一例)，节点510的P1端口为转发状态，节点510的P2端口为阻塞状态。其中，节点310和节点330还包括端口P3(第三终端端口的一例)，节点310的P3端口和节点510的P1端口连接，记为链路L5，节点330的P3端口和节点510的P2端口连接，记为链路L6。
在图5中，节点510通过节点310和节点330(即，至少两个骨干节点的一例)的P3端口(第三终端端口的一例)接入环形网络，实现冗余接入，将节点510的任一个终端端口，例如P2端口设置为阻塞状态，则链路L6仅可以传输物理层信号，不能传输数据，因此L6为备用链路，而节点510的P1端口为转发状态，即L5链路为主链路，节点510可以通过L5与环形网络通信。
当L5(第三链路的一例)发生故障，节点510检测到其P2端口所在的链路发生故障，该故障信息作为事件触发源，使得节点510可以将其P2端口切换为转发状态，即启用备用链路，通过L6与环形网通信。因此，本申请可以提升主备链路切换的响应时间，实现网络快速重组，保证车载应用的需求。
可选地，L5还可以将其P1端口切换为堵塞状态，可以避免终端节点的两条链路都可以与环形网络通信，从而解决了终端节点冗余接入会构建复杂网络拓扑的问题，提升了重要终端节点冗余接入的可靠性。
作为示例，L5发生故障，可以是节点310故障或者节点310的P3端口异常引起的故障，或者L5的线路异常引发的故障。
可选地，节点510通过差分信号诊断确定L5发生故障。
可选地，节点510包括标识b，当上电后，节点510通过读取寄存器的b值确定其为骨干节点，从而执行上述方法400。
可选地，该方法400还包括：L5恢复正常，节点510与节点310通过L5恢复物理连接。而节点510的P1端口处于堵塞状态，不能转发数据，此时，L5成为节点510的新的备用链路。
应理解，图5仅以4个骨干节点连接成环形网络为例进行说明，形成环形网络的骨干节点的个数还可以是3个、5个，或者128个等，本申请对其个数不做限定。此外，图5中与节点510所连接的，也可以是节点310、节点320、节点330和节点340中的任意两个骨干节点。而环形网络中可以接入两个或多个终端节点，与多个终端节点相连的骨干节点可以相同，也可以不同，本申请均不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以将上述方法200和方法400结合起来，形成另一种组建网络的方法。例如，网络中包括M个骨干节点和至少一个终端节点，采用方法200中的流程进行骨干网络的主备链路切换，采用方法400中的流程进行终端节点的主备链路切换，具体过程可以参考上述方法200和方法400中的描述，此处不再赘述。
上文结合图1至图5说明了本申请的组建网络的方法。下文结合图6至图8介绍本申请实施例的装置。应理解，图6至图8所示的装置可以实现上述方法中各个步骤，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。
如图6所示，该装置600包括收发单元610和处理单元620。可选地，该装置为第一骨干节点。收发单元610，用于获取环形网络中的链路故障信息；处理单元620，用于根据链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
可选地，收发单元610具体用于：
通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文，该通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
可选地，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
可选地，处理单元620还用于：确定第二链路发生故障，第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
可选地，处理单元620还用于：将第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，处理单元620具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。
可选地，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
可选地，处理单元620还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点 之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。
如图7所示，该装置700包括收发单元710和处理单元720。可选地，该装置为第二骨干节点。处理单元720，用于确定第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路；收发单元710，用于通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障。
可选地，处理单元720还用于：将第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
可选地，处理单元720具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
可选地，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识网络中的骨干节点。
可选地，处理单元720还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
可选地，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置的示意性结构图。该网络包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态。该网络还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。
如图8所示，该装置800包括处理单元810。可选地，该装置为终端节点。处理单元810，用于确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路。处理单元810，还用于将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
可选地，处理单元810还用于：将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
可选地，处理单元810具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
可选地，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识该网络中的终端节点。
可选地，处理单元810还用于：检测第二标识；根据第二标识确定自身为网络中的终端节点。
可选地，该装置800还可以包括收发单元820，用于执行数据的收发。
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的一种组建网络的装置900的示意性结构图。该装置900包括至少一个存储器910和至少一个处理器920，所述至少一个存储器910用于存储程序，所述至少一个处理器920用于运行所述程序，以实现本申请的技术方案。
应理解，本申请实施例中的处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
还应理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
可选地，该装置900还可以包括收发器930，用于执行数据的收发功能。
具体地，该装置900可对应于根据本申请实施例的方法200和400中的第一骨干节点，该装置900可以包括方法200或400中的第一骨干节点执行的方法的单元。或者，该装置900可对应于根据本申请实施例的方法200或400中的第二骨干节点，该装置900可以包括方法200和400中的第二骨干节点执行的方法的单元。或者，该装置900可对应于根据本申请实施例的方法400中的终端节点，该装置900可以包括方法400中的终端节点执行的方法的单元。应理解，各单元执行上述相应步骤的具体过程在上述方法实施例中已经详细说明，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点的运行逻辑示意图。如图10所示，该切换逻辑包括：
S1001，加载配置。
具体地，上电启动后，加载当前节点的配置信息，该配置包括上文中提及的配置该节点为骨干节点，并且配置该骨干节点的端口状态。
S1002，组网等待。
具体地，启动组网等待可以用于网络启动过程中实现启动等待倒计时，防止各个节点或者设备启动时间不一致，从而导致非预期的网络切换，造成错误或故障误报。
S1003，判断是否满足组网等待时间。
具体地，若不满足组网等待时间，或者说，组网倒计时不为0时，继续进行组网等待。若满足组网等待时间，也就是，当倒计时为0时，进入状态监控。
S1004，状态监控。
具体地，骨干节点可以监控该骨干节点的端口的状态、与该骨干节点连接的链路的状态、以及通知报文。
S1005，判断是否满足切换条件。
具体地，根据该骨干节点的端口的状态、以及与该骨干节点连接的链路的状态，判断是否满足切换条件。若不满足切换条件将继续进行状态监控，若满足切换条件将进入限制检查。其中，切换条件可以是接收到了通知报文，或者该骨干节点连接的链路的状态出现了故障等。
S1006，判断是否达到重置条件。
具体地，作为一种示例，重置条件可以是在稳定通信达到预设时长后，将切换次数的累计数清零。当达到重置条件时，将重新进入S1001。
S1007，判断切换次数是否超限。
具体地，为避免频繁切换，可以设置切换次数。当切换次数超限后，该骨干节点可以发出错误告警。
其中，判断是否达到重置条件与判断切换次数是否超限，都可以视为限制检查的一种。限制检查主要是为了进行安全防护，防止频繁切换导致的网络问题。同时也对网络进行看护，当网络发生异常可以直接触发重置本节点网络状态，以修复严重错误。
S1008，发出错误告警。
具体地，当切换次数超限，或者发生节点内在错误时，告警主要用于进行错误通知，告知管理员或者外部设备本节点有故障。
S1009，阻塞端口检查。
具体地，主要检查阻塞端口是否正常，是否具备开启条件等。当不具备开启条件时发出错误警告，并进入状态监控进行异常处理。
S1010，阻塞端口切换为转发状态。
具体地，执行端口切换操作，包括开启阻塞端口进入转发状态，并更新转发表项等。
S1011，重置命令。
重置命令是外部输入命令，其用于网络管理过程中对当前节点进行详细的状态管理，以便随时进行节点网络重启，新的配置策略加载后，重启生效。
应理解，图10所示的运行逻辑仅是一种示例，本申请实施例并不限定骨干节点的运行逻辑一定是如图10所示的流程。
下面结合图11至图17对本申请实施例的方法200和方法400进行举例说明。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种网络架构1100的示意图。如图11所示，该网络架构1100中，LSW1、LSW2、LSW3、LSW4为骨干节点，LSW5和LSW6为终端节点。LSW1、LSW2、LSW3、LSW4和LSW5的P0端口还连接一个MCU，LSW6的P0端口连接一个MPU。图11中的对于骨干节点来说，P1端口均被设置为主端口，P2端口均为设置为从端口。在该网络架构1100中，LSW1的P2端口为阻塞状态，LSW5的P2端口为阻塞状态，LSW6的P1端口为阻塞状态，其他端口为转发状态。
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种链路故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
假设网络架构1100中的链路L3发生了故障，LSW2的P1端口和LSW3的P2端口会在端口状态寄存器触发链路断开(link down)状态。由于LSW2中的P1端口为主端口，因此，LSW2会将P1端口切换为阻塞状态。进一步，此链路断开状态会作为事件触发源，LSW2和LSW3分别会发送BPDU报文，LSW3将BPDU报文由端口P1发送至LSW4， 该BPDU报文经过LSW4转发到达LSW1的P2端口，而LSW1的P2端口初始状态为阻塞状态，无法收到LSW4的P2端口发送的BPDU报文。LSW2将BPDU报文由端口P2发送至LSW1。LSW1从其P1端口收到BPDU报文通知后，LSW1将原先设置为阻塞状态的P2端口切换为转发状态，最终形成的网络架构如图12所示，图12所示的网络架构1200仍然能够正常通信。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
假设网络架构1100中的骨干节点LSW3断电退出组网，该事件将会触发L2和L3链路断开。LSW4的P2端口的链路断开信息会触发LSW4将BPDU报文由端口P1发送至LSW1，而LSW1的P2端口初始状态为Block状态，无法收到LSW4的P2端口发送的BPDU报文。由于LSW2中的P1端口为主端口，因此，LSW2会将P1端口切换为阻塞状态。进一步，LSW2的P1端口的链路断开信息会触发LSW2将BPDU报文由端口P2发送至LSW1。LSW1从其P1端口收到BPDU报文通知后，LSW1将原先设置为阻塞状态的P2端口切换为转发状态。
此外，由于LSW5和LSW6接入LSW3，LSW3断电会引起LSW5和LSW6的主备链路切换。具体地，LSW3的掉电，会导致L6断开，由于是LSW5的P2端口处于阻塞状态，因此LSW5的通讯不会发生改变。然而，LSW6的主链路即L7接入LSW3，LSW3的掉电会触发L7断开，此时LSW6会进行主备链路切换，也就是，LSW6会将P1端口从阻塞状态转为转发状态，并阻塞断P2端口。
最终形成的网络架构如图13所示，图13所示的网络架构1300仍然能够正常通信。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种链路故障情况下BPDU报文的传输路径示意图。
假设网络架构1100中的链路L3发生了故障，LSW2的P2端口和LSW3的P1端口会在端口状态寄存器触发链路断开(link down)状态，此链路断开状态会作为事件触发源，LSW2和LSW3分别会发送BPDU报文，BPDU报文的发送过程如图14所示。
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种骨干节点情况下BPDU报文的传输路径示意图。
假设网络架构1100中的LSW3断电退出组网，LSW2的P2端口和LSW4的P1端口会在端口状态寄存器触发链路断开(link down)状态，此链路断开状态会作为事件触发源，LSW2和LSW4分别会发送BPDU报文，BPDU报文的发送过程如图15所示。
图16是本申请实施例提供的一种终端节点的链路故障情况下端口状态切换示意图。
假设网络架构1100中的L5发生了故障，LSW5端口状态寄存器的链路断开将触发LSW5的链路切换逻辑。具体地，当LSW5的P2端口满足链路启用(link up)状态，LSW5会将其P2端口打开，设置为转发(Forward)状态，承担LSW5的数据交换。同时，LSW5将其P1端口将会转为阻塞(Block)状态，当链路再次恢复时，链路得以启用，但是P1端口处于阻塞(Block)状态，不会转发任何数据报文至网络，以避免在网络中形成数据环路。最终形成的网络架构如图16所示，图16所示的网络架构1600仍然能够正常通信。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质具有程序指令，当所述程序指令被直接或者间接执行时，使得本申请的技术方案得以实现。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算设备上运行时，使得计算设备执行本申请的技术方案，或者使得所述计算设备实现前文中的控制器的功能。
本申请实施例还提供一种芯片，包括至少一个处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路用于 为所述至少一个处理器提供程序指令或者数据，所述至少一个处理器用于执行所述程序指令，使得本申请的技术方案得以实现。
应理解，当上述装置600、700、800、900为芯片或者芯片系统时，其收发器或者收发单元可以是输入输出接口，其中，接收器或者接收单元可以理解为输入接口，发送器或者发送单元可以理解为输出接口。
下面将描述本申请实施例的以太网系统。
本申请实施例提供一种以太网系统，该以太网系统包括M个骨干节点，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，M个骨干节点之间通过第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数。M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口为转发状态，第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口为阻塞状态。M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为M个骨干节点中除第一骨干节点之外的一个。
第一骨干节点用于：获取环形网络中的链路故障信息；根据链路故障信息将第一骨干节点的第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
可选地，第二骨干节点用于：确定第一链路发生故障，第一链路为第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路；通过第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口发送通知报文，通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障；
第一骨干节点具体用于：通过第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口接收通知报文。
可选地，第二骨干节点还用于：将第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，第二骨干节点的第一骨干端口为主端口，第二骨干节点的第二骨干端口为从端口。
可选地，第二骨干节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第一链路发生故障。
可选地，该通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
可选地，第一骨干节点具体用于：确定第二链路发生故障，第二链路为第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口所在的链路。
可选地，第一骨干节点还用于：将第一骨干节点的第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
可选地，第一骨干节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第二链路发生故障。
可选地，M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，第一标识用于标识以太网系统中的骨干节点。
可选地，以太网系统还包括终端节点，终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，第一终端端口为转发状态，第二终端端口为阻塞状态，M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，第一终端端口和第二终端端口与至少两个骨干节点的第三终端端口相连。
该终端节点用于：确定第三链路发生故障，第三链路为第一终端端口所在的链路；将第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
可选地，终端节点还用于：将第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
可选地，终端节点具体用于：通过差分信号诊断确定第三链路发生故障。
可选地，终端节点包括第二标识，第二标识用于标识以太网系统中的终端节点。
可选地，第一骨干节点还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨 干节点。
可选地，第二骨干节点还用于：检测第一标识；根据第一标识确定自身为网络中的骨干节点。
本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，包括本申请实施例提供的上述任一种以太网系统。
需要说明的是，上述车辆可以为智能车辆、新能源车辆或者传统车辆等，本申请不做限定，其中，新能源车辆包括纯电动车辆、增程式电动车辆、混合动力车辆、燃料电池车辆、其他新能源车辆等。传统车辆包括汽油车辆、柴油车辆等。
作为示例，上述以太网系统用于车辆，骨干节点可以为VIU，终端节点可以为域控制器DC，例如，CDC、VDC等。
可选地，本申请中，终端节点和骨干节点可以都是交换芯片(Line switch，LSW)，其硬件结构相同，通过第一标识和第二标识来区分终端节点和骨干节点，使得节点可以根据不同的标识执行不同的切换逻辑，减小交换芯片的配置复杂性。
应理解，本申请中，每一个骨干节点或终端节点均可以存在一个或多个其他端口，例如，非骨干关口或者非终端端口，这些端口可以接入其他的设备，例如，微处理单元(micro processor unit，MPU)、微控制单元(micro control unit，MCU)、输入/输出接口(input/output interface，I/O接口)等，本申请对此不做限定。
还应理解，图1只是本申请的一种应用场景的示意图，本申请的应用场景不限于此，例如，本申请的方案也可以用于传统以太网中，其中，骨干节点可以是路由器或交换机，终端节点也可以是路由器或者交换机。
另外，在本申请实施例中，“示例的”、“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用示例的一词旨在以具体方式呈现概念。
本申请实施例中，“相应的(corresponding，relevant)”和“对应的(corresponding)”有时可以混用，应当指出的是，在不强调其区别时，其所要表达的含义是一致的。
本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其他一些实施例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：包括单独存在A，同时存在A和B，以及单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的 先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，第一、第二以及各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分，并不用来限制本申请实施例的范围。例如，区分不同条件下的带宽等。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (39)

  1. 一种组建网络的方法，其特征在于，
    所述网络包括M个骨干节点，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，所述M个骨干节点之间通过所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数，所述M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为转发状态，所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为阻塞状态，所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的一个，
    所述方法包括：
    所述第一骨干节点获取所述环形网络中的链路故障信息；
    所述第一骨干节点根据所述链路故障信息将所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点获取所述环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：
    所述第一骨干节点通过所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口接收通知报文，所述通知报文用于指示第一链路发生故障，所述第一链路为所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口所在的链路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点获取所述环形网络中的链路故障信息，包括：
    所述第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障，所述第二链路为所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口所在的链路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一骨干节点将所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点确定第二链路发生故障，包括：
    所述第一骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定所述第二链路发生故障。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，所述第一标识用于标识所述网络中的骨干节点。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一骨干节点检测所述第一标识；
    所述第一骨干节点根据所述第一标识确定自身为所述网络中的骨干节点。
  9. 一种组建网络的方法，其特征在于，所述网络包括M个骨干节点，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，所述M个骨干节点之间通过所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数，所述M个骨干节 点包括第一骨干节点，所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为转发状态，所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为阻塞状态，所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的一个，
    所述方法包括：
    所述第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，所述第一链路为所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口所在的链路；
    所述第二骨干节点通过所述第二骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口发送通知报文，所述通知报文用于指示所述第一链路发生故障。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第二骨干节点将所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为主端口，所述第二骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为从端口。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二骨干节点确定第一链路发生故障，包括：
    所述第二骨干节点通过差分信号诊断确定所述第一链路发生故障。
  13. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，所述第一标识用于标识所述网络中的骨干节点。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第二骨干节点检测所述第一标识；
    所述第二骨干节点根据所述第一标识确定自身为所述网络中的骨干节点。
  15. 根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
  16. 一种组建网络的方法，其特征在于，
    所述网络包括M个骨干节点，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，所述M个骨干节点之间通过所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数，所述M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为转发状态，所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为阻塞状态，所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口均为转发状态，所述网络还包括终端节点，所述终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，所述第一终端端口为转发状态，所述第二终端端口为阻塞状态，所述M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，所述第一终端端口和所述第二终端端口与所述至少两个骨干节点的所述第三终端端口相连，
    所述方法包括：
    所述终端节点确定第三链路发生故障，所述第三链路为所述第一终端端口所在的链路；
    所述终端节点将所述第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端节点将所述第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端节点确定第三链路发 生故障，包括：
    所述终端节点通过差分信号诊断确定所述第三链路发生故障。
  19. 根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端节点包括第二标识，所述第二标识用于标识所述网络中的终端节点。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端节点检测所述第二标识；
    所述终端节点根据所述第二标识确定自身为所述网络中的终端节点。
  21. 一种组建网络的装置，其特征在于，包括用于执行如权利要求1至8中任一项，或权利要求9至15中任一项，或权利要求16至20中任一项所述方法的各个步骤的模块。
  22. 一种组建网络的装置，其特征在于，包括至少一个处理器，所述至少一个处理器与至少一个存储器耦合，所述至少一个处理器用于执行所述至少一个存储器中存储的计算机程序或指令，以使得所述装置执行如权利要求1至8中任一项，或权利要求9至15中任一项，或权利要求16至20中任一项所述方法。
  23. 一种芯片系统，其特征在于，包括：处理器，用于从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，使得安装有所述芯片系统的通信设备执行权利要求1至8中任一项，或权利要求9至15中任一项，或权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法。
  24. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，或如权利要求9至15中任一项所述的方法，或如权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法。
  25. 一种以太网系统，其特征在于，包括：M个骨干节点，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一骨干端口和第二骨干端口，所述M个骨干节点之间通过所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口形成环形网络，M为大于2的整数，所述M个骨干节点包括第一骨干节点，所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为转发状态，所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为阻塞状态，所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的任一个骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口和所述第二骨干端口均为转发状态，第二骨干节点为所述M个骨干节点中除所述第一骨干节点之外的一个，
    所述第一骨干节点用于：
    获取所述环形网络中的链路故障信息；
    根据所述链路故障信息将所述第一骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口切换为转发状态。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，
    所述第二骨干节点用于：
    确定第一链路发生故障，所述第一链路为所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口所在的链路；
    通过所述第二骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口发送通知报文，所述通知报文用于指示所述第一链路发生故障；
    所述第一骨干节点具体用于：
    通过所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口接收所述通知报文。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第二骨干节点还用于：
    将所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第二骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口为主端口，所述第二骨干节点的所述第二骨干端口为从端口。
  29. 根据权利要求26至28中任一项所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第二骨干节点具体用于：
    通过差分信号诊断确定所述第一链路发生故障。
  30. 根据权利要求26至29中任一项所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述通知报文为桥接协议数据单元BPDU报文。
  31. 根据权利要求25所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点具体用于：
    确定第二链路发生故障，所述第二链路为所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口所在的链路。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点还用于：
    将所述第一骨干节点的所述第一骨干端口切换为阻塞状态。
  33. 根据权利要求31或32所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述第一骨干节点具体用于：
    通过差分信号诊断确定所述第二链路发生故障。
  34. 根据权利要求25至33中任一项所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述M个骨干节点中的每一个包括第一标识，所述第一标识用于标识所述以太网系统中的骨干节点。
  35. 根据权利要求25至34中任一项所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述以太网系统还包括终端节点，
    所述终端节点包括第一终端端口和第二终端端口，所述第一终端端口为转发状态，所述第二终端端口为阻塞状态，
    所述M个骨干节点中的至少两个骨干节点还包括第三终端端口，所述第一终端端口和所述第二终端端口与所述至少两个骨干节点的所述第三终端端口相连；
    所述终端节点用于：
    确定第三链路发生故障，所述第三链路为所述第一终端端口所在的链路；
    将所述第二终端端口切换为转发状态。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述终端节点还用于：
    将所述第一终端端口切换为堵塞状态。
  37. 根据权利要求35或36所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述终端节点具体用于：
    通过差分信号诊断确定所述第三链路发生故障。
  38. 根据权利要求35至37中任一项所述的以太网系统，其特征在于，所述终端节点包括第二标识，所述第二标识用于标识所述以太网系统中的终端节点。
  39. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求25至38中任一项所述的以太网系统。
PCT/CN2022/087157 2021-04-17 2022-04-15 一种组建网络的方法、以太网系统和车辆 WO2022218419A1 (zh)

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