WO2022218052A1 - 具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法及呼吸机 - Google Patents
具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法及呼吸机 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022218052A1 WO2022218052A1 PCT/CN2022/079069 CN2022079069W WO2022218052A1 WO 2022218052 A1 WO2022218052 A1 WO 2022218052A1 CN 2022079069 W CN2022079069 W CN 2022079069W WO 2022218052 A1 WO2022218052 A1 WO 2022218052A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ventilator
- expectoration
- sputum
- input end
- working mode
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- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 244
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 11
- 244000144985 peep Species 0.000 description 9
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003598 Atelectasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007123 Pulmonary Atelectasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004193 respiratory failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M16/0006—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with means for creating vibrations in patients' airways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
- A61M16/022—Control means therefor
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of medical technology, and relates to a ventilator control method and ventilator with sputum expectoration function.
- ventilator As an effective means to artificially replace the function of spontaneous ventilation, has been widely used in respiratory failure caused by various reasons, anesthesia and respiratory management during major surgery, respiratory support treatment and emergency resuscitation. It occupies a very important position in the field of modern medicine.
- the existing ventilator only has a breathing assistance function, and when the user needs to expectorate sputum during the process of breathing assistance, the ventilator cannot assist the user to expectorate phlegm.
- the main purpose of this application is to provide a ventilator control method with expectoration function, aiming to realize the multiplexing of the respiratory assist function and expectoration assist function of the ventilator
- the present application proposes a ventilator control method with a sputum expectoration function, which is used for a ventilator, and the ventilator has a breathing working mode and a sputum expecting working mode, and the ventilator includes: an air circuit switching device and an air circuit switching device.
- a circuit switching control circuit the first input end of the air circuit switching device is connected to the first air flow, the second input end of the air circuit switching device is connected to the second air flow, and the output end of the air circuit switching device is connected to the The breathing circuit of the ventilator is connected;
- the ventilator control method with the expectoration function comprises the following steps:
- the first input end of the air circuit switching device is controlled to communicate with the output end;
- the first input end and the second input end of the control air circuit switching device are alternately communicated with the output end.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator When it is determined according to the sputum accumulation detection signal that the sputum accumulation amount of the user is greater than the first preset accumulation amount, the ventilator is triggered to work in a phlegm expectoration working mode.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator When it is determined according to the sputum accumulation detection signal that the sputum accumulation amount of the user is less than the second preset accumulation amount, the ventilator is triggered to work in a breathing working mode.
- the step of detecting the sputum accumulation amount and outputting the corresponding sputum accumulation detection signal is specifically:
- the step of detecting the sputum accumulation amount and outputting the corresponding sputum accumulation detection signal is specifically:
- Fuzzy respiratory mechanics parameters and their increments will be used to calculate fuzzy sputum accumulation
- the fuzzy sputum accumulation amount was de-fuzzed into the detection signal of sputum accumulation.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator When a working mode selection signal corresponding to the breathing working mode is received, the ventilator is triggered to work in the breathing working mode, and the first input end of the air circuit switching device is controlled to communicate with the output end.
- the step of controlling the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device to communicate alternately with the output end further includes:
- the step of controlling the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device to communicate alternately with the output end further includes:
- the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device are adjusted to alternately communicate with the output end for a period.
- the present application also proposes a ventilator, the ventilator includes a memory, a processor, a ventilator control program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the ventilator control program is processed by the ventilator control program The steps of realizing the above-mentioned ventilator control method with expectoration function when the device is executed; wherein,
- the ventilator includes:
- Positive pressure intake branch providing the first air flow
- Negative pressure outlet branch to provide second airflow
- the first input end and the second input end are respectively communicated with the positive pressure air inlet branch and the negative pressure air outlet branch, and the output end of the air circuit switching device is communicated with the breathing pipeline;
- the air circuit switching control circuit controls the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device to alternately communicate with the output end; when the ventilator works In the breathing working mode, the air circuit switching control circuit controls the first input end of the air circuit switching device to communicate with the output end.
- the control method of the ventilator with phlegm expelling function of the present application controls the communication between the first input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device through the air circuit switching control circuit, and the first air flow is passed through the breathing tube. output to the human body, thereby assisting the user to breathe.
- the ventilator works in the expectoration working mode the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device are controlled to communicate alternately with the output end through the air circuit switching control circuit, so that the first air flow and the second air flow are alternately output low to The sputum in the small airway of the human body moves to the main airway, and finally is brought out of the human body through the second airflow.
- the application realizes the multiplexing of the breathing assistance function and the expectoration assistance function of the ventilator, thereby achieving the effect of replacing two machines with one machine, reducing the space occupied by the machines, as well as the purchase cost of the machine and the use of disposable equipment when using the machine. loss.
- this embodiment realizes the multiplexing of the breathing assistance function and the expectoration assistance function of the ventilator, which can effectively reduce the time required for switching between breathing and expectoration.
- the first input end, the second input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device can be automatically controlled by pressing the button or the system can automatically control Connect alternately; discharge the user's sputum through the trachea, that is, switch to the expectoration mode to assist the user to expectorate sputum. risks of.
- the first input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device can be automatically controlled by pressing the button or the system can automatically control the connection between the first input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device, switch to the breathing working mode, and assist the user to breathe without removing and inserting the trachea.
- the ventilator can be actively controlled by buttons, or intelligently controlled through automatic detection by the system. Improve the safety and intelligence of ventilators.
- the ventilator can be controlled to work in the breathing mode all the time to assist the user to breathe.
- the user can be triggered by a button or when it is detected that the user needs to expectorate, switch to the expectoration mode to assist the user.
- the user can also directly expectorate sputum without first starting the breathing working mode, which can be controlled according to the actual application, which is not limited here.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a ventilator control method with expectoration function of the application
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a ventilator control method with expectoration function of the present application
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of another embodiment of a ventilator control method with expectoration function of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the control method for a ventilator with expectoration function of the present application
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a ventilator control assembly of the ventilator of the present application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a ventilator according to the present application.
- Air switching device twenty two Drive circuit 20 Air circuit switching control circuit 41 first pressure sensor 30 sound sensor 42 Flow Sensors 40 Signal acquisition sensor module 61 air bypass 50 Communication module 62 oxygen bypass 60 Positive pressure intake branch 63 Air Oxygen Mixing Chamber 70 Negative pressure outlet branch 71 vacuum pump 80 input unit 72 gas tank 90 PEEP control device 73 Pressure proportional valve 100 Phlegm collection device 74 second pressure sensor twenty one processor
- the terms “connected”, “fixed” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixed” may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
- “fixed” may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between the two elements, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
- the present application proposes a control method of a ventilator with a sputum expectoration function, which can realize the multiplexing of the respiratory assist function and the expectoration assist function of the ventilator.
- the ventilator control method with sputum expectoration function is used for a ventilator, and the described The ventilator has a breathing working mode and a sputum working mode,
- the ventilator includes a positive pressure intake branch 60, a negative pressure outlet branch 70, a breathing circuit and a ventilator control assembly; wherein,
- the positive pressure intake branch 60 provides a first airflow, and the air pressure of the first airflow is higher than the positive pressure airflow of the human body pressure;
- the positive pressure intake branch 60 may include: an air branch 61, an oxygen branch 62 and an air-oxygen mixture chamber 63 ; the output end of the air branch 61 communicates with the first input end of the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63 , and the output end of the oxygen branch 62 communicates with the second input end of the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63 , the output end of the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63 communicates with the first input end of the ventilator control assembly.
- the air branch 61 can discharge air into the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63 through a blower motor
- the oxygen branch 62 is an oxygen tank 72 (which can be equipped with a pressure proportional valve 73) or an oxygen supply system of a hospital.
- the oxygen is discharged into the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63, and the air-oxygen mixing chamber 63 mixes oxygen and air and outputs it to the first input end of the ventilator control assembly; in this embodiment, the air and oxygen are mixed to form a first airflow , output to the first input end of the breathing control component, and the breathing control component then outputs the first airflow to the human body.
- the mixed gas of air and oxygen in this embodiment can better assist the human body to breathe.
- the negative pressure air outlet branch 70 provides a second air flow, and the air pressure of the second air stream is lower than the air pressure of the human body and is negative air pressure.
- the negative pressure air outlet branch 70 may include: a vacuum pump 71, an air tank 72 and a pressure proportional valve 73;
- the vacuum pump 71 communicates with the air tank 72, the air tank 72 communicates with the pressure proportional valve 73, and the pressure proportional valve 73 communicates with the second input end of the ventilator control assembly.
- the negative pressure air outlet branch 70 further includes a second pressure sensor 74, the collection end is connected to the air tank 72, and the output end is connected to the air circuit switching control circuit 20 for collecting and outputting the pressure of the air tank 72.
- the vacuum pump 71 draws out the air in the air tank 72, so that the air and oxygen in the air tank 72 outputs negative pressure to the pressure proportional valve 73, and the pressure proportional valve 73 adjusts the second airflow output to the second input end of the ventilator control assembly pressure.
- the pressure of the second airflow can be made larger, which is beneficial to improve the pressure adjustment range of the second airflow of the ventilator.
- the ventilator control assembly includes: an air circuit switching device 10, the first input end of which is connected to the first airflow, the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 is connected to the second airflow, and the air circuit switching device 10 is connected to the second airflow.
- the output end of the circuit switching device 10 is communicated with the breathing circuit of the ventilator; the air circuit switching control circuit 20 is electrically connected with the controlled end of the air circuit switching device 10; In the phlegm working mode, the air circuit switching control circuit 20 controls the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 to alternately communicate with the output end; when the ventilator works in the breathing working mode, The air path switching control circuit 20 controls the first input end of the air path switching device 10 to communicate with the output end.
- the air path switching device 10 can be implemented by an electromagnetic reversing valve or other reversing valve, which is not limited here, and only needs to meet the requirements of switching the output of the first airflow and the second airflow.
- the air circuit switching control circuit 20 is realized by a combination of the processor 21 and the driving circuit 22 of the air circuit switching device 10.
- the air circuit switching device 10 is an electromagnetic reversing valve as an example for description.
- the drive circuit 22 may control the electromagnetic reversing valve to connect to the first input terminal and the output end when receiving a high level, and the drive circuit 22 may control the electromagnetic reversing valve to connect to the second input end when receiving a low level. and output.
- the driving circuit 22 may also control the electromagnetic directional valve to connect the first input terminal and the output terminal when receiving a low level, and the driving circuit 22 may control the solenoid when receiving a high level.
- the reversing valve connects the second input and the output.
- the described ventilator control method with expectoration function comprises the following steps:
- the switching between the breathing work mode and the expectoration work mode of the ventilator can be actively triggered by an input device such as a button, or a sensor can be used to collect and obtain the sputum accumulation amount, and automatically when the sputum accumulation amount is greater than the preset value. Trigger, not limited here.
- the processor 21 can adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal output to the driving circuit 22 to be 100%, that is, output a high level to the driving circuit 22.
- the driving circuit 22 The first input end of the control electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the output end, and the first air flow is output to the breathing pipeline; and then the first air flow is output to the human body through the breathing pipeline to increase the lung ventilation volume and assist the human body to breathe.
- the processor 21 can output a PWM signal with a duty cycle less than 100% and greater than 0% to the drive circuit 22, so as to alternately output high and low levels to the drive circuit 22 to control the
- the driving circuit 22 controls the first input end and the second input end of the electromagnetic reversing valve to alternately communicate with the output end, so that the first air flow and the second air flow are alternately output to the breathing circuit, so as to realize the positive and negative alternation of the human body. Ventilation achieves the effect of simulating human cough, so that the sputum in the small airway of the human body moves to the main airway, and finally is brought out of the human body through the second airflow.
- the time between the on-time of the first input end and the output end of the electromagnetic directional valve and the on-time of the second input end and the output end of the electromagnetic directional valve can be adjusted.
- the ratio between the two is to adjust the ratio of the first airflow and the second airflow output by the breathing circuit of the ventilator, so that the user can choose the expectoration time and the expectoration intensity according to the needs of the actual application.
- the duty cycle of the PWM signal output by the processor 21 may be a fixed value, or the current vital signs of the user, such as phlegm sound, etc., may be acquired through sensors, etc., to determine the current needs of the user, and adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal to achieve Automatic expectoration.
- a key or the input unit 80 of the touch screen can also be used to trigger and output the breathing ratio control signal to the processor 21, and the processor 21 then adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal according to the breathing ratio control signal.
- the control method of the ventilator with the expectoration function of the present application controls the communication between the first input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device 10 through the air circuit switching control circuit 20, so that the first air flow passes through The breathing circuit is output to the human body, thereby assisting the user to breathe.
- the air circuit switching control circuit 20 controls the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 to communicate alternately with the output end, so that the first air flow and the second air flow are alternately low It is output to the breathing pipeline, so as to realize the alternating positive and negative ventilation of the human body, to achieve the effect of simulating human cough, so that the sputum in the small airway of the human body moves to the main airway, and finally is brought out of the human body through the second airflow.
- the application realizes the multiplexing of the breathing assistance function and the expectoration assistance function of the ventilator, thereby achieving the effect of replacing two machines with one machine, reducing the space occupied by the machines, as well as the purchase cost of the machine and the use of disposable equipment when using the machine. loss.
- this embodiment realizes the multiplexing of the breathing assistance function and the expectoration assistance function of the ventilator, which can effectively reduce the time required for switching between breathing and expectoration.
- the first input end and the second input end and output of the air circuit switching device 10 can be automatically controlled by pressing the button or the system can automatically control the output
- the terminals are alternately connected; the user's sputum is discharged through the trachea, that is, it switches to the expectoration mode to assist the user to expectorate sputum. risk to come.
- the first input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device 10 can be automatically controlled to be connected by pressing a button or the system can automatically switch to the breathing working mode to assist the user in breathing, without removing and inserting the trachea in the whole process.
- the ventilator can be actively controlled by the button, or it can be intelligently controlled by the system automatic detection. Improve the safety and intelligence of ventilators.
- the ventilator can be controlled to work in the breathing mode all the time to assist the user to breathe.
- the user can be triggered by a button or when it is detected that the user needs to expectorate, switch to the expectoration mode to assist the user.
- the user can also directly expectorate sputum without first starting the breathing working mode, which can be controlled according to the actual application, which is not limited here.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the sputum deposition detection signal can be preprocessed by collecting the high and low frequency acoustic characteristics of phlegm sounds through the sound sensor, and processed in the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain to obtain a low-dimensional low-dimensionality with low computational complexity and strong classification features.
- the ventilator can be triggered to work in expectoration work mode, so that when the weak user is not accompanied by a nursing staff, the ventilator automatically detects the user's sputum accumulation, and automatically switches to the expectoration work mode when expecting sputum to assist the user in expecting sputum and reduce the number of nursing staff. At the same time, it can also prevent weak users from coughing sputum without the presence of nursing staff, which may lead to accidents, which is beneficial to improve the safety performance of the ventilator.
- the step of detecting the sputum accumulation amount and outputting the corresponding sputum accumulation detection signal specifically includes:
- Fuzzy respiratory mechanics parameters and their increments will be used to calculate fuzzy sputum accumulation
- the fuzzy sputum accumulation amount was de-fuzzed into the detection signal of sputum accumulation.
- the respiratory mechanics parameters include: airway pressure and air flow.
- the flow sensor 42 and the first pressure sensor 41 are arranged on the output airway between the output end of the air circuit switching device 10 and the breathing circuit of the ventilator to collect the output airway of the ventilator.
- the respiratory mechanics parameters of the output airflow that is, the airway pressure and airflow during the collection of human breathing. And according to the collected respiratory mechanics parameters, statistics are made to obtain the increments of the respiratory mechanics parameters; the respiratory mechanics parameters and their increments are fuzzified.
- the membership function is then designed, and fuzzy rules are written according to the clinical experience of doctors. Fuzzy inference is carried out on the respiratory mechanics parameters and their increments after fuzzification through fuzzy rules, so as to obtain the accumulation of fuzzy sputum.
- the sputum deposition amount is de-fuzzed, converted into a sputum deposition detection signal and output.
- the clinical experience of doctors can be based on respiratory mechanics parameters, that is, airway resistance, thoracic compliance, thoracic compliance and lung recruitability are determined by airway pressure and air flow, and then based on airway resistance, thoracic compliance, thoracic Compliance and lung recruitability determine the user's sputum accumulation.
- the sputum accumulation detection signal may also adopt other detection methods, which are not limited here.
- This embodiment realizes the automatic detection of sputum accumulation and enables the sputum expectoration working mode, which improves the intelligence of the ventilator.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator may include a display, so that the sputum accumulation detection signal can be converted into a signal that can be recognized by the display, and then output to the display to control the display to display the sputum accumulation amount corresponding to the sputum accumulation detection signal. Therefore, when the doctor or user observes that the sputum accumulation exceeds the preset value, the input device can trigger and output the trigger signal of the expectoration working mode or the trigger signal of the breathing working mode.
- the input device can be a button, a touch screen or a wireless device
- the ventilator can also include a communication module 50 to receive a sputum working mode trigger signal or a breathing working mode trigger signal output by the wireless device.
- the communication module 50 may be a WIFI communication module, a Bluetooth communication module or a mobile communication module, such as a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile communication module, which is not limited here.
- the ventilator can also output the collected air pressure and airflow of the output airway, the phlegm sound collected by the sound sensor, etc., to an external server or an external terminal in real time through the communication module 50 . Therefore, the external server or the external terminal can store and analyze the received data, thereby improving the utilization rate of the data; the external terminal can also adjust and output the respiratory ratio control signal to the communication module 50 according to the analysis result. 50 receives the breathing ratio control signal output by the mobile terminal, so that the ratio of the expiratory time and the inhalation time can be adjusted, the wireless control of the ventilator is realized, and the controllability of the ventilator is improved.
- the sputum accumulation amount is displayed, so that the doctor or user can actively select whether the ventilator works in the expectoration mode or the breathing mode through the displayed phlegm accumulation amount, which effectively improves the reliability of the ventilator. control.
- the ventilator control method with expectoration function further includes:
- the ventilator when it is determined according to the sputum accumulation detection signal that the sputum accumulation amount of the user is less than the second preset accumulation amount, the ventilator is triggered to work in the breathing working mode. Therefore, even when the nursing staff is not present, or the nursing staff is negligent and does not pay attention to the working conditions of the ventilator in real time, it is still possible to switch to the breathing working mode immediately after the expectoration working mode ends, which can reduce the energy consumption of the nursing staff. It can also avoid the accidental risk caused by excessive expectoration of sputum caused by the user in the expectoration working mode of the ventilator for a long time.
- the ventilator works in the expectoration working mode
- the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 are controlled to communicate alternately with the output end
- it also includes the following steps
- the ventilator when the ventilator receives the working mode selection signal corresponding to the sputum working mode trigger signal, the ventilator is triggered to work in the breathing working mode, so that the doctor or nursing staff can observe the end of the user's sputum expectoration work. At this time, the ventilator is actively switched to the breathing working mode to avoid excessive expectoration.
- This embodiment will automatically detect the sputum accumulation and control the end of the sputum working mode according to the sputum accumulation, and control the sputum working mode through buttons.
- the ventilator when the ventilator works in the expectoration mode, the first input end and the second input end and the output end of the air circuit switching device 10 are controlled alternately After the step of connecting to the ground, it also includes:
- the duration of the expectoration working mode is calculated, and when the duration of the ventilator working in the expectoration working mode exceeds the first preset time, the ventilator is triggered to work in the breathing working mode, so as to prevent the user from overdoing it. Lung shrinkage caused by expectoration.
- the sputum accumulation amount is automatically detected and the end of the expectoration work mode is controlled according to the phlegm accumulation amount, the end of the expectoration work mode is controlled by a button, and the end of the expectoration work mode is controlled by a timer.
- the expectoration work mode can be ended, so that the expectoration work mode can still be ended when any one or two schemes are damaged due to hardware damage or software running errors, which further ensures the safety of users and avoids prolonged periods of time. Expectoration leads to excessive expectoration, which affects the health of the user.
- Steps when the ventilator works in the expectoration mode, the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 are controlled to communicate alternately with the output end. Steps also include:
- the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 are adjusted to alternately communicate with the output end for a period.
- the breathing ratio control signal can be triggered and output to the ventilator through a button, a keyboard and a mouse, and the breathing ratio control signal can also be received by the communication module 50 wirelessly transmitted by an external terminal.
- the breathing ratio control signal is actively triggered to the ventilator, so that the ventilator adjusts the ratio of the first airflow and the second airflow output by the breathing circuit according to the breathing ratio control signal, so that the user can select the expectoration time, expectoration strength. Improve the controllability of the ventilator.
- the present application also proposes a ventilator, the ventilator includes a memory, a processor 21, a ventilator control program stored on the memory and executable on the processor 21, the ventilator When the machine control program is executed by the processor 21, the steps of the above-mentioned ventilator control method with expectoration function are realized; wherein,
- the ventilator includes:
- the positive pressure intake branch 60 provides the first airflow
- the negative pressure air outlet branch 70 provides the second air flow
- the first input end and the second input end are respectively communicated with the positive pressure intake branch 60 and the negative pressure air outlet branch 70, and the output end of the air circuit switching device 10 is communicated with the breathing circuit;
- the air circuit switching control circuit 20 is electrically connected to the controlled end of the air circuit switching device 10; wherein,
- the air circuit switching control circuit 20 controls the first input end and the second input end of the air circuit switching device 10 to alternately communicate with the output end;
- the air circuit switching control circuit 20 controls the first input end of the air circuit switching device 10 to communicate with the output end.
- the ventilator further includes a PEEP control device 90; the PEEP control device 90 is connected to the breathing circuit, and the PEEP control device 90 is used for the end-expiration period of the user , output the third airflow to the breathing circuit.
- the input end of the PEEP control device 90 can be connected to the atmosphere, or to the air branch 61 of the positive pressure intake branch 60 , and the output end of the PEEP control device 90 can be connected to the air through the exhaust valve.
- the breathing circuit can also be directly connected to the breathing circuit.
- the connection between the PEEP device and the breathing circuit through the exhaust valve is taken as an example for description.
- the PEEP control device 90 detects whether the user is in the end-expiration phase. Specifically, the PEEP control device 90 can be connected through the signal acquisition sensor module 40 of the ventilator control assembly, and the aerodynamic data collected by the signal acquisition sensor module 40 can be connected.
- the parameters determine whether the user is in the end-expiration period, and when it is determined that the user is in the end-expiration period, the gas in the air branch 61 is exhausted to the exhaust valve to increase the pressure of the exhaust valve, thereby hindering the user to
- the exhaled gas is output to the exhaust valve, which can provide positive pressure for the user's end-expiration, prevent the user from completely expelling the gas, avoid the early closure of the alveoli, and cause some alveoli that have lost their ventilation function due to exudation, atelectasis and other reasons to expand. Therefore, the ventilator of this embodiment can increase the reduced functional residual capacity, so as to achieve the purpose of improving blood oxygen.
- the ventilator further includes a sputum collecting device 100 , and the sputum collecting device 100 is arranged in parallel with the breathing circuit of the ventilator.
- the sputum collecting device 100 can be connected to the breathing circuit, so that when the ventilator works in the expectoration mode, the sputum collecting device 100 can store the sputum coughed up by the user.
- the sputum collecting device 100 can also It can be a separately set sputum collecting pot, so that when the user expects sputum, the sputum can be coughed into the sputum collecting device 100 to ensure hygiene.
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Abstract
一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法及呼吸机，其中具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法包括在呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，控制气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通(S100)，将第一气流输出至呼吸管路，辅助人体呼吸；在呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通(S200)，将第一气流和第二气流交替低输出至呼吸管路，从而实现对人体的正负交替通气，辅助人体咳痰。
Description
本申请涉及医疗技术领域，涉及一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法及呼吸机。
在现代临床医学中，呼吸机作为一项能人工替代自主通气功能的有效手段，已普遍用于各种原因所致的呼吸衰竭、大手术期间的麻醉呼吸管理、呼吸支持治疗和急救复苏中，在现代医学领域内占有十分重要的位置。
但是现有的呼吸机只具备呼吸辅助功能，而在用户在进行呼吸辅助的过程中，需要咳痰时，呼吸机无法辅助用户咳痰。
申请内容
本申请的主要目的是提供一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，旨在实现呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和排痰辅助功能的复用
为实现上述目的，本申请提出一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，用于呼吸机，所述呼吸机具有呼吸工作模式和咳痰工作模式，所述呼吸机包括：气路切换装置和气路切换控制电路；所述气路切换装置的第一输入端接入第一气流，所述气路切换装置的第二输入端接入第二气流，所述气路切换装置的输出端与所述呼吸机的呼吸管路连通；所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法包括以下步骤：
在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通；
在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通。
可选地，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；
在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量大于第一预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式。
可选地，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；
在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量小于第二预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式。
可选地，所述检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号的步骤具体为：
获取痰鸣音，根据痰鸣音的声学特性确定痰液淤积量，并输出痰液淤积检测信号。
可选地，所述检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号的步骤具体为：
获取用户的呼吸力学参数及增量；
将获取的呼吸力学参数及其增量进行模糊化；
将利用模糊规则将模糊化后的呼吸力学参数及其增量计算模糊痰液淤积量；
将模糊痰液淤积量解模糊为痰液淤积检测信号。
可选地，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
显示所述痰液淤积检测信号对应痰液淤积量，以供用户基于痰液淤积量输出工作模式选择信号；
在接收到所述咳痰工作模式对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通。
可选地，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
在接收到所述呼吸工作模式对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
可选地，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤还包括：
计算所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间；
在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间超过第一预设时间时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
可选地，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤还包括：
获取呼吸比控制信号；
根据所述呼吸比控制信号调整所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通周期。
本申请还提出一种呼吸机，所述呼吸机包括存储器、处理器、存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的呼吸机控制程序，所述呼吸机控制程序被所述处理器执行时实现上述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法的步骤；其中，
所述呼吸机包括：
正压进气支路，提供第一气流；
负压出气支路，提供第二气流；
气路切换装置，第一输入端和第二输入端分别与正压进气支路和负压出气支路连通，所述气路切换装置的输出端与呼吸管路连通；
气路切换控制电路，与所述气路切换装置的受控端电连接；其中，
在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通；在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
本申请的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法在呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，通过气路切换控制电路控制气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通，将第一气流通过呼吸管路输出至人体，从而辅助用户呼吸。在呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，通过气路切换控制电路控制气路切换装置的第一输入端和 第二输入端与输出端交替连通，从而第一气流和第二气流交替低输出至至呼吸管路，从而实现对人体的正负交替通气，达到模拟人体咳嗽效果，使得人体的小气道的痰液往主气道移动，最终经第二气流带出人体。本申请实现呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和咳痰辅助功能的复用，从而达到一台机器代替两台机器的效果，减少机器的占用空间，以及机器的购买成本以及使用机器时的一次性器材的损耗。
同时，本实施例实现了呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和咳痰辅助功能的复用，可以有效减少呼吸和咳痰之间切换所需的时间；在用户采用本申请的呼吸机进行呼吸辅助的过程中，在用户需要进行咳痰时，无需关闭呼吸机，也无需拔插气管，此时可以通过按键出发或者系统自动控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通；将用户的痰液通过气管排出，也即切换至咳痰工作模式，辅助用户咳痰，不仅可帮助用户更好的咳痰，还可以减去关闭呼吸机以及拔插气管带来的风险。此外，在用户咳痰结束后，还可以通过按键出发或者系统自动控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和输出端连通，切换至呼吸工作模式，辅助用户呼吸，全程无需拔插气管，也无需关闭呼吸机，可以由按键主动控制，也可以通过系统自动检测进行智能控制。提高呼吸机的安全性和智能性。
在实际应用中，可以控制呼吸机一直工作于呼吸工作模式，辅助用户呼吸，在用户需要咳痰时，则可以在通过按键触发或者检测到用户需要咳痰时，切换至咳痰工作模式，辅助用户咳痰。当然，在其他实施例中，用户也可以直接进行咳痰，无需先启动呼吸工作模式，具体可以根据实际应用进行控制，此处不做限制。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法一实施例的流程图；
图2为本申请具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法另一实施例的流程图；
图3为本申请具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法另一实施例的流程图；
图4为本申请具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法另一实施例的流程图；
图5为本申请呼吸机的呼吸机控制组件一实施例的电路图；
图6为本申请呼吸机一实施例的结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
| 标号 | 名称 | 标号 | 名称 |
| 10 | 气路切换装置 | 22 | 驱动电路 |
| 20 | 气路切换控制电路 | 41 | 第一压力传感器 |
| 30 | 声音传感器 | 42 | 流量传感器 |
| 40 | 信号采集传感器模组 | 61 | 空气支路 |
| 50 | 通讯模块 | 62 | 氧气支路 |
| 60 | 正压进气支路 | 63 | 空氧混合室 |
| 70 | 负压出气支路 | 71 | 真空泵 |
| 80 | 输入单元 | 72 | 气罐 |
| 90 | PEEP控制装置 | 73 | 压力比例阀 |
| 100 | 集痰装置 | 74 | 第二压力传感器 |
| 21 | 处理器 |
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，本申请实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、 后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
另外，在本申请中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
本申请提出一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，可以实现呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和咳痰辅助功能的复用。
需要说明的时，在实际应用中，对于正在使用呼吸机的患者来说，在被呼吸辅助的过程中，需要进行咳痰时，需要关闭呼吸机，将呼吸机的气管拔出，用户再自行咳痰；对于患者来说，特别对于需要使用有创呼吸机的患者来说，拔插气管的过程会影响患者的呼吸辅助，对患者来说非常危险，同时患者由于虚弱无法很好的自行进行咳痰。
参照图1、图5以及图6，为了解决上述问题，在本申请的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法一实施例中，该具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法用于呼吸机，所述呼吸机具有呼吸工作模式和咳痰工作模式，
参照图6，在实际应用中，该呼吸机包括正压进气支路60、负压出气支路70、呼吸管路以及的呼吸机控制组件；其中，
正压进气支路60提供第一气流，所述第一气流的气压大于人体气压的正气压气流；正压进气支路60可以包括：空气支路61、氧气支路62以及空氧混合室63；所述空气支路61的输出端与所述空氧混合室63的第一输入端连通，所述氧气支路62的输出端与所述空氧混合室63的第二输入端连通，所述空氧混合室63的输出端与所述呼吸机控制组件的第一输入端连通。其中，所述空气支路61可以通过鼓风电机，将空气排入空氧混合室63，所述氧气支路62空氧是氧气罐72(可以带压力比例阀73)或者医院的供氧系统，将氧气排入空氧混合室63，所述空氧混合室63再将氧气和空气混合后输出至呼吸机控制组件的第一输入端；本实施例将空气和氧气混合后形成第一气流，输出至呼吸控制组件的第一输入端，呼吸控制组件再输出第一气流至人体，相比较单独的空气，本实施例的空气和氧气的混合气体后能更好的辅助人体呼吸。
负压出气支路70提供第二气流，所述第二气流的气压小于人体气压，是负气压，所述负压出气支路70可以包括：真空泵71、气罐72以及压力比例阀73；所述真空泵71与所述气罐72连通，所述气罐72与所述压力比例阀73连通，所述压力比例阀73与所述呼吸机控制组件的第二输入端连通。所述负压出气支路70还包括，第二压力传感器74，采集端与气罐72连接，输出端与气路切换控制电路20连接，用于采集气罐72的压强并输出。具体地，所述真空泵71将气罐72中的空气抽出，使得气罐72空氧输出负压至压力比例阀73，压力比例阀73再调节输出至呼吸机控制组件第二输入端的第二气流的压强。本实施例通过气罐72的设置，使得所述第二气流的压强可以做的更加的大，有利于提高呼吸机的第二气流的压强调节范围。
参照图5和图6，呼吸机控制组件包括：气路切换装置10，第一输入端接入第一气流，所述气路切换装置10的第二输入端接入第二气流，所述气路切换装置10的输出端与所述呼吸机的呼吸管路连通；气路切换控制电路20，与所述气路切换装置10的受控端电连接；其中，在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路20控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通；在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路20控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通。
具体地，所述气路切换装置10可以采用电磁换向阀或者其他换向阀实现，此处不做限定，满足切换输出第一气流和第二气流的要求即可。所述气路切换控制电路20采用处理器21及气路切换装置10的驱动电路22组合实现，本实施例以气路切换装置10为电磁换向阀为例进行说明，在本实施例中，所述驱动电路22可以是接收到高电平时，控制电磁换向阀接通第一输入端和输出端，驱动电路22可以是接收到低电平时，控制电磁换向阀接通第二输入端和输出端。当然，在其他实施例中，所述驱动电路22也可以是接收到低电平时，控制电磁换向阀接通第一输入端和输出端，驱动电路22可以是接收到高电平时，控制电磁换向阀接通第二输入端和输出端。此处不做限定。
所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法包括以下步骤：
S100、在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通；
所述呼吸机的呼吸工作模式和咳痰工作模式之间的切换可以通过按键等输入设备主动触发，也可以采用传感器采集并获取痰液淤积量，并在痰液淤积量大于预设值时自动触发，此处不做限定。
在呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，处理器21可以调节输出至驱动电路22的的PWM信号的的占空比为100％，也即输出高电平至驱动电路22，此时，驱动电路22控制电磁换向阀的第一输入端与输出端连通，将第一气流输出至至呼吸管路；进而通过呼吸管路将第一气流输出至人体，增加肺通气量，辅助人体呼吸。
S200、在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通。
在控制呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，处理器21可以通过输出占空比小于100％，且大于0％的PWM信号至驱动电路22，从而可以交替输出高低电平至驱动电路22，控制驱动电路22控制电磁换向阀的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通，从而第一气流和第二气流交替低输出至至呼吸管路，从而实现对人体的正负交替通气，达到模拟人体咳嗽效果，使得人体的小气道的痰液往主气道移动，最终经第二气流带出人体。
此外，本实施例中，通过调节处理器21输出的PWM信号的占空比，即可 调节电磁换向阀第一输入端与输出端接通时间以及第二输入端与输出端的接通时间之间的比例，也即调节呼吸机的呼吸管路输出第一气流和第二气流的比例，使得用户可以根据实际应用的需求选择排痰时间、排痰力度。其中，处理器21输出的PWM信号的占空比可以是固定值，也可以通过传感器等获取用户当前的生命体征，例如痰鸣音等，确定用户当前需求，调节PWM信号的占空比，实现自动排痰。或者，还可以通过按键或者触摸屏的输入单元80触发输出呼吸比控制信号至处理器21，处理器21再根据呼吸比控制信号调节PWM信号的占空比。
本申请的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法在呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，通过气路切换控制电路20控制气路切换装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通，将第一气流通过呼吸管路输出至人体，从而辅助用户呼吸。在呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，通过气路切换控制电路20控制气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替连通，从而第一气流和第二气流交替低输出至至呼吸管路，从而实现对人体的正负交替通气，达到模拟人体咳嗽效果，使得人体的小气道的痰液往主气道移动，最终经第二气流带出人体。本申请实现呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和咳痰辅助功能的复用，从而达到一台机器代替两台机器的效果，减少机器的占用空间，以及机器的购买成本以及使用机器时的一次性器材的损耗。
同时，本实施例实现了呼吸机的呼吸辅助功能和咳痰辅助功能的复用，可以有效减少呼吸和咳痰之间切换所需的时间；在用户采用本申请的呼吸机进行呼吸辅助的过程中，在用户需要进行咳痰时，无需关闭呼吸机，也无需拔插气管，此时可以通过按键出发或者系统自动控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通；将用户的痰液通过气管排出，也即切换至咳痰工作模式，辅助用户咳痰，不仅可帮助用户更好的咳痰，还可以减去关闭呼吸机以及拔插气管带来的风险。此外，在用户咳痰结束后，还可以通过按键出发或者系统自动控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和输出端连通，切换至呼吸工作模式，辅助用户呼吸，全程无需拔插气管，也无需关闭呼吸机，可以由按键主动控制，也可以通过系统自动检测进行智能控制。提高呼吸机的安全性和智能性。
在实际应用中，可以控制呼吸机一直工作于呼吸工作模式，辅助用户呼吸，在用户需要咳痰时，则可以在通过按键触发或者检测到用户需要咳痰时，切换至咳痰工作模式，辅助用户咳痰。当然，在其他实施例中，用户也可以直接进行咳痰，无需先启动呼吸工作模式，具体可以根据实际应用进行控制，此处不做限制。
参照图2和图6，在一实施例中，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
S300、检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；
S400、在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量大于第一预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式。
其中，痰液淤积检测信号可以通过声音传感器采集痰鸣音的高低频声学特性进行预处理、进行时域、频域以及时频域的处理，得到具有低运算复杂度、强分类特征的低维度统计量，从而可以根据统计量确定痰液淤积量；进而可以在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量大于第一预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式，从而在虚弱的用户没有护理人员陪同的情况下，呼吸机自动检测用户的痰液淤积量，以在需要进行咳痰时，自动切换至咳痰工作模式，辅助用户咳痰，减少护理人员耗费的精力的同时，也可以避免虚弱的用户在需要咳痰时，没有护理人员在场而无法进行咳痰，导致意外的发生，有利于提高呼吸机的安全性能。
在一实施例中，检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号的步骤具体包括：
获取用户的呼吸力学参数及增量；
将获取的呼吸力学参数及其增量进行模糊化；
将利用模糊规则将模糊化后的呼吸力学参数及其增量计算模糊痰液淤积量；
将模糊痰液淤积量解模糊为痰液淤积检测信号。
在本实施例中，所述呼吸力学参数包括：气道压和气流量。
本实施例通过设置设置于所述气路切换装置10的输出端与呼吸机的呼吸管路之间的输出气道上的流量传感器42和第一压力传感器41，以采集呼吸机的输出气道的输出的气流的呼吸力学参数，也即采集人体呼吸时的气道压和气流量。并根据采集到的呼吸力学参数进行统计，获取呼吸力学参数的增量；将呼吸力学参数及其增量进行模糊化。
再设计隶属度函数，并根据医生临床经验编写模糊规则，通过模糊规则将模糊化后的呼吸力学参数及其增量进行模糊推理，从而获取模糊痰液淤积量，最后再通过质心法将模糊痰液淤积量进行解模糊，转换成痰液淤积检测信号并输出。
其中，医生临床经验可以是根据呼吸力学参数，也即通过气道压和气流量确定气道阻力，胸顺应性、胸廓顺应性以及肺可复张性，再根据气道阻力，胸顺应性、胸廓顺应性以及肺可复张性确定用户的痰液淤积量。
当然，所述痰液淤积检测信号也可以采用其他检测方式，此处不做限定。本实施例实现了自动检测痰液淤积量并开启咳痰工作模式，提高了呼吸机的智能化程度。
参照图3和图6，在一实施例中，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
S500、显示所述痰液淤积检测信号对应痰液淤积量，以供用户基于痰液淤积量输出工作模式选择信号；
S600、在接收到所述咳痰工作模式触发信号对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通。
具体地，所述呼吸机可以包括显示器，从而可以对将痰液淤积检测信号转换成显示器能识别的信号后，输出至显示器，以控制显示器显示痰液淤积检测信号对应的痰液淤积量。从而医生或者用户可以在观察到痰液淤积量超出预设值时，通过输入设备触发输出咳痰工作模式触发信号或者呼吸工作模式触发信号。
其中，输入设备可以是按键、触摸屏或者无线设备，相应地，所述呼吸 机还可以包括通讯模块50，以接受无线设备输出的咳痰工作模式触发信号或者呼吸工作模式触发信号。所述通讯模块50可以是WIFI通信模块、蓝牙通信模块或者移动通信模块，例如2G、3G、4G或者5G移动通信模块，此处不做限定。
所述呼吸机还可以将采集的输出气道的气压和气流量、声音传感器采集到的痰鸣音等，通过通讯模块50实时输出至外部服务器或者外部终端。从而外部服务器或者外部终端可以将接收到的数据进行存储、分析，从而提高数据的利用率；外部终端还可以根据分析结果调节输出呼吸比控制信号至所述通讯模块50，本实施例通过通讯模块50接收移动终端输出的呼吸比控制信号，从而可以调节呼气时间和吸气时间的比例，实现呼吸机的无线控制，提高了呼吸机的可控性。
本实施例通过将痰液淤积量进行显示，从而医生或者用户可以通过显示的痰液淤积量，来主动选择呼吸机是工作于咳痰工作模式还是呼吸工作模式，有效的提升的呼吸机的可控性。
参照图4和图6，在一实施例中，在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤之后，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：
S701、检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；
S702、在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量小于第二预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式。其中，第一预设淤积量小于第一预设淤积量。
本实施例通过呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量小于第二预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式。从而即使在护理人员不在场，或者护理人员疏忽而没有实时关注呼吸机的工作情况的时候，仍然可以在咳痰工作模式结束后，立即切换至呼吸工作模式，即可减少护理人员的精力损耗，也可以避免用户长时间在呼吸机的咳痰工作模式下，过度咳痰导致的意外风险。
参照图4和图6，在一实施例中，在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤之后，还包括以下步骤，
S800、在接收到所述呼吸工作模式对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通。
本实施例通过在呼吸机接收到所述咳痰工作模式触发信号对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，从而医生或者护理人员可以在观察到用户咳痰工作结束时，主动将呼吸机切换至呼吸工作模式，避免过度咳痰，本实施例将自动检测痰液淤积量并根据痰液淤积量控制咳痰工作模式的结束，与通过按键控制咳痰工作模式的结束两种控制方案结合，从而可以避免在其中任意一种方案因为硬件损坏或者软件运行错误时，仍然可以通过另外一种方案结束咳痰工作模式，进一步保障用户安全，避免长时间咳痰导致过度咳痰，影响用户身体健康。
参照图4和图6，在一实施例中，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤之后还包括：
S901、计算所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间；
S902、在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间超过第一预设时间时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通。
本实施例通过计算咳痰工作模式的持续时间，并在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间超过第一预设时间时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，避免用户过度咳痰导致的肺部萎缩等问题。本实施例将自动检测痰液淤积量并根据痰液淤积量控制咳痰工作模式的结束、通过按键控制咳痰工作模式的结束以及通过定时器控制咳痰工作模式结束，三种控制方案结合，满足任意一种方案，即可结束咳痰工作模式，从而可以在其中任意一种或者 两种方案因为硬件损坏或者软件运行错误时，仍然可以结束咳痰工作模式，进一步保障用户安全，避免长时间咳痰导致过度咳痰，影响用户身体健康。
参照图6，在一实施例中，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤还包括：
获取呼吸比控制信号；
根据所述呼吸比控制信号调整所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通周期。
其中，所述呼吸比控制信号可以通过按键、键盘、鼠标触发输出至呼吸机，所述呼吸比控制信号还可以通过通讯模块50接收外部终端无线发射的呼吸比控制信号。
本实施例通过主动触发呼吸比控制信号至呼吸机，使得呼吸机根据呼吸比控制信号调节呼吸管路输出第一气流和第二气流的比例，使得用户可以根据实际应用的需求选择排痰时间、排痰力度。提升了呼吸机的可控性。
参照图6，本申请还提出一种呼吸机，该所述呼吸机包括存储器、处理器21、存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器21上运行的呼吸机控制程序，所述呼吸机控制程序被所述处理器21执行时实现上述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法的步骤；其中，
所述呼吸机包括：
正压进气支路60，提供第一气流；
负压出气支路70，提供第二气流；
气路切换装置10，第一输入端和第二输入端分别与正压进气支路60和负压出气支路70连通，所述气路切换装置10的输出端与呼吸管路连通；
气路切换控制电路20，与所述气路切换装置10的受控端电连接；其中，
在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路20控制所述气路切换装置10的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通；在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路20控制所述气路切换 装置10的第一输入端与输出端连通。
参照图6，在一实施例中，所述呼吸机还包括PEEP控制装置90；所述PEEP控制装置90与所述呼吸管路连接，所述PEEP控制装置90用于在用户的呼气末期时，输出第三气流至所述呼吸管路。
本实施例中，所述PEEP控制装置90的输入端可以与大气连接，或者与正压进气支路60的空气支路61连接，所述PEEP控制装置90的输出端可以通过排气阀与呼吸管路连接，也可以直接与呼吸管路连接，此处以PEEP装置通过排气阀与呼吸管路连接为例进行说明。
所述PEEP控制装置90通过检测用户是否处于呼气末期，具体地，所述PEEP控制装置90可以通过呼吸机控制组件的信号采集传感器模组40连接，通过信号采集传感器模组40采集的气学参数(气压和气流量)判断用户是否处于呼气末期，并在确定用户处于呼气末期时，将空气支路61的气体排至排气阀，以增大排气阀的压强，继而阻碍用户将呼出气体输出至排气阀，从而可以为用户的呼气末期提供正压，避免用户将气体完全排除，避免肺泡早期闭合，使一部分因渗出、肺不张等原因失去通气功能的肺泡扩张，从而本实施例的呼吸机可以使减少的功能残气量增加，达到提高血氧的目的。
参照图6，在一实施例中，所述呼吸机还包括集痰装置100，所述集痰装置100与所述呼吸机的呼吸管路并联设置。所述集痰装置100可以与所述呼吸管路连接，从而在呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，所述集痰装置100可以存储用户咳出的痰液，当然所述集痰装置100也可以是单独设置的一个集痰罐，从而可以在用户咳痰时，可以将痰液咳至集痰装置100中，保证卫生。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的申请构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，用于呼吸机，所述呼吸机具有呼吸工作模式和咳痰工作模式，所述呼吸机包括：气路切换装置和气路切换控制电路；所述气路切换装置的第一输入端接入第一气流，所述气路切换装置的第二输入端接入第二气流，所述气路切换装置的输出端与所述呼吸机的呼吸管路连通；所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法包括以下步骤：在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通；在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通。
- 如权利要求1所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量大于第一预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式。
- 如权利要求1所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号；在根据所述痰液淤积检测信号确定用户痰液淤积量小于第二预设淤积量时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式。
- 如权利要求2所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号的步骤具体为：获取痰鸣音，根据痰鸣音的声学特性确定痰液淤积量，并输出痰液淤积检测信号。
- 如权利要求2所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述检测痰液淤积量，并输出对应的痰液淤积检测信号的步骤具体为：获取用户的呼吸力学参数及增量；将获取的呼吸力学参数及其增量进行模糊化；将利用模糊规则将模糊化后的呼吸力学参数及其增量计算模糊痰液淤积量；将模糊痰液淤积量解模糊为痰液淤积检测信号。
- 如权利要求2所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：显示所述痰液淤积检测信号对应痰液淤积量，以供用户基于痰液淤积量输出工作模式选择信号；在接收到所述咳痰工作模式对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通。
- 如权利要求1所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法还包括：在接收到所述呼吸工作模式对应的工作模式选择信号时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
- 如权利要求1所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤还包括：计算所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间；在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式的持续时间超过第一预设时间时，触发所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式，并控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
- 如权利要求1所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法，其特征在于，所述在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端与输出端交替地连通的步骤还包括：获取呼吸比控制信号；根据所述呼吸比控制信号调整所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通周期。
- 一种呼吸机，其特征在于，所述呼吸机包括存储器、处理器、存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的呼吸机控制程序，所述呼吸机控制程序被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的具有排痰功能的呼吸机控制方法的步骤；其中，所述呼吸机包括：正压进气支路，提供第一气流；负压出气支路，提供第二气流；气路切换装置，第一输入端和第二输入端分别与正压进气支路和负压出气支路连通，所述气路切换装置的输出端与呼吸管路连通；气路切换控制电路，与所述气路切换装置的受控端电连接；其中，在所述呼吸机工作于咳痰工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端和第二输入端交替地与输出端连通；在所述呼吸机工作于呼吸工作模式时，所述气路切换控制电路控制所述气路切换装置的第一输入端与输出端连通。
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