WO2022211404A1 - Batterie secondaire au lithium et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Batterie secondaire au lithium et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022211404A1
WO2022211404A1 PCT/KR2022/004302 KR2022004302W WO2022211404A1 WO 2022211404 A1 WO2022211404 A1 WO 2022211404A1 KR 2022004302 W KR2022004302 W KR 2022004302W WO 2022211404 A1 WO2022211404 A1 WO 2022211404A1
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secondary battery
lithium secondary
lithium
manufacturing
electrolyte
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PCT/KR2022/004302
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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윤숙
최지현
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주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션
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Priority to CN202280011268.8A priority Critical patent/CN116783750A/zh
Priority to EP22781523.0A priority patent/EP4266443A1/fr
Priority to US18/272,943 priority patent/US20240120547A1/en
Priority to JP2023529103A priority patent/JP2023549886A/ja
Publication of WO2022211404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022211404A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte solution containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and a lithium salt as a solvent.
  • lithium secondary batteries Recently, as the application area of lithium secondary batteries has rapidly expanded to power supply of electronic devices such as electricity, electronics, communication, and computers, as well as power storage supply of large-area devices such as automobiles and power storage devices, high-capacity, high-output and high-capacity The demand for a stable lithium secondary battery is increasing.
  • a lithium secondary battery generally includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material made of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, etc., and a negative electrode including a carbon material and/or a silicon material negative active material capable of occluding and discharging lithium ions. is laminated on both sides to form an electrode assembly having a predetermined shape, and then the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are inserted into the battery case.
  • the electrolyte it is generally known to use a non-aqueous electrolyte in which lithium salt is dissolved in a carbonate-based organic solvent such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and the like.
  • the carbonate-based organic solvents are not only highly likely to volatilize, but also have low safety due to combustion due to an increase in ambient temperature and the temperature of the battery itself. Accordingly, development of an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery capable of compensating for these disadvantages has been attempted, and among them, an attempt has been made to use a eutectic mixture as an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.
  • the eutectic mixture refers to a mixture in which a solid material is mixed and exists in a liquid state in a specific eutectic temperature range, and has a high flash point and high temperature stability compared to conventional carbonate-based organic solvents.
  • the present invention is to solve the above problems, and provides a lithium secondary battery in which performance and safety can be secured at the same time for a lithium secondary battery injected with an electrolyte using an eutectic mixture having excellent safety as a solvent, and a method for manufacturing the same want to
  • a positive electrode in order to achieve the above object, a positive electrode; separator; and a negative electrode; Provided is a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte including a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and a lithium salt as a solvent.
  • a lithium secondary battery in which an electrolyte solution containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt as a solvent is injected until the remaining capacity (SOC) is 55 to 65% charging until It is characterized by applying a novel activation (formation) process including the process.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has improved stability by using a eutectic mixture having a higher flash point than when an organic electrolyte solvent is used.
  • the lithium secondary battery manufactured by the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention generates a large amount of gas during activation by applying a novel activation step.
  • the lithium secondary battery manufacturing method according to the present invention suppresses swelling of the battery by removing a large amount of gas generated in the activation step in the degassing step, and at the same time has excellent battery characteristics such as initial capacity and cycle characteristics.
  • the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes the steps of preparing a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, and injecting an electrolyte containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt; an activation (formation) step comprising a step of charging the lithium secondary battery until the remaining capacity (SOC) is 55 to 65%; and degassing.
  • the electrolyte solution injected into the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may include a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt as a solvent.
  • the eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt refers to a mixture of solid succinonitrile and a solid lithium salt and present in a liquid state in a specific eutectic temperature range.
  • the eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt has a higher flash point than the conventional organic electrolyte solvent, and when used as an electrolyte, stability at high temperature is improved.
  • the eutectic temperature of the eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt according to the present invention may be 20 to 30 °C, specifically 23 to 27 °C.
  • a eutectic mixture having the above eutectic temperature it exists in a liquid state at room temperature so that it can be injected as an electrolyte into a secondary battery.
  • the electrolyte solution contains a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt in an amount of 80% by weight or more, preferably 80 to 95% by weight or more, more preferably 85 to 90% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and a lithium salt is used in the above content as a solvent included in the electrolyte, a lithium secondary battery having excellent high-temperature stability can be obtained.
  • the eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt according to the present invention may be a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt, for example, a mixture of succinonitrile and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). It may be a eutectic mixture.
  • LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
  • the eutectic mixture may contain 0.5 to 1.5 moles of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), preferably 0.7 to 1.3 moles, based on 1 L of succinonitrile.
  • LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
  • the mobility of lithium ions may be secured to have ionic conductivity in which sufficient capacity characteristics are expressed.
  • the eutectic mixture according to the present invention may include succinonitrile, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB).
  • LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
  • LiODFB difluoro(oxalato)borate
  • the positive electrode current collector for example, corrosion of the aluminum thin film can be suppressed by forming a protective layer by B-F bonding on the positive electrode current collector.
  • the eutectic mixture may contain 0.3 to 0.5 moles, preferably 0.35 to 0.45 moles of difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) per 1 L of succinonitrile.
  • LiODFB difluoro(oxalato)borate
  • the molar ratio of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) in the eutectic mixture according to the present invention is 8:5 to 10:3, preferably 8.5:4.5 to 9.5 : It can be 3.5.
  • the molar ratio of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) in the eutectic mixture satisfies the above range, excellent lithium ion conductivity is obtained and corrosion of the positive electrode current collector is suppressed effect can be obtained.
  • the electrolyte solution injected into the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is added to the solvent of the eutectic mixture to further improve the decomposition prevention, low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, battery expansion inhibition effect at high temperature, and the like.
  • Additives may be included. Examples of such other additives include a halogen-substituted or unsubstituted carbonate-based compound, a sultone-based compound, a sulfate-based compound, a phosphate-based or phosphite-based compound, a nitrile-based compound, a benzene-based compound, an amine-based compound, and a silane-based compound. At least one selected from the group may be mentioned.
  • the halogen-substituted or unsubstituted carbonate-based compound may include, for example, vinylene carbonate (VC), vinylethylene carbonate, or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • the sultone-based compound is, for example, 1,3-propane sultone (PS), 1,4-butane sultone, ethenesultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone and 1- It may be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of methyl-1,3-propene sultone.
  • the sulfate-based compound may be, for example, ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
  • Esa ethylene sulfate
  • TMS trimethylene sulfate
  • MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
  • the phosphate or phosphite compound is, for example, lithium difluoro (bisoxalato) phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tris (trimethyl silyl) phosphate, tris (trimethyl silyl) phosphite, tris (2) It may be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate and tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphite.
  • the nitrile-based compound is, for example, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, From the group consisting of 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile It may be at least one or more selected compounds.
  • the benzene-based compound may be fluorobenzene or the like
  • the amine-based compound may be triethanolamine or ethylenediamine
  • the silane-based compound may be tetravinylsilane.
  • halogen-substituted or unsubstituted carbonate-based compound may include at least one selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
  • the electrolyte solution according to the present invention may include vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive, in which case a cathode protective film is formed, thereby improving battery performance.
  • VC vinylene carbonate
  • the vinylene carbonate (VC) may be included in an amount of 1 to 5 wt%, preferably 2 to 4 wt%, based on the total weight of the electrolyte. When the above range is satisfied, a negative electrode protective film is formed, thereby improving battery life.
  • the electrolyte of the present invention may include a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive, in this case, it may help to form an SEI by forming a LiF layer, and the crystallinity of succinonitrile It is possible to obtain the effect of reducing the polymerization and inhibiting the polymerization of succinonitrile.
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive may be included in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte. When the above range is satisfied, the crystallinity of succinonitrile can be reduced, and polymerization of succinonitrile can be effectively inhibited.
  • a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode; separator; and a negative electrode; It may be prepared in the form of a lithium secondary battery injected with an electrolyte containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt. Since the electrolyte has been described above, a description thereof will be omitted, and other components will be described below.
  • the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may be manufactured according to a conventional method known in the art. For example, after forming an electrode assembly in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator are sequentially stacked between the positive and negative electrodes, the electrode assembly is inserted into the battery case, and the electrolyte according to the present invention is injected.
  • the positive electrode may be prepared by coating a positive electrode mixture slurry including a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
  • nickel, titanium, silver or the like surface-treated may be used.
  • the positive active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, LCO (LiCoO 2 ), LNO (LiNiO 2 ), LMO (LiMnO 2 ), LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LFP (LiFePO) 4 ), LiNiMnCoO 2 and LiNi 1-xyz Co x M 1 y M 2 z O 2 containing NMC(LiNiCoMnO 2 ), etc.
  • lithium metal oxide including lithium and one or more metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum.
  • the lithium metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (for example, Li (Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1 / 3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 , and Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 , etc.); or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (for example, Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 )O 2 , etc.)
  • the lithium composite metal oxide is Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , It may be at least one selected from Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 , and Li(Ni 0.8
  • the cathode active material may be included in an amount of 60 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 70 wt% to 99 wt%, more preferably 80 wt% to 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid material excluding the solvent in the cathode mixture slurry. have.
  • the binder is a component that assists in bonding of the active material and the conductive material and the like to the current collector.
  • binders examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, and various copolymers thereof.
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • the binder is included in an amount of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry can
  • the conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the positive electrode active material.
  • the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
  • graphite carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
  • conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
  • metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
  • conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
  • conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
  • conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
  • the conductive material is used in an amount of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid material excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry. may be included.
  • the solvent may include an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount having a desirable viscosity when the positive active material and, optionally, a binder and a conductive material are included.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the concentration of the solids including the positive active material, and optionally the binder and the conductive material is 50 wt% to 95 wt%, preferably 50 wt% to 80 wt%, more preferably 55 wt% to 70 wt% % may be included.
  • the negative electrode may be prepared by coating a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
  • the negative electrode current collector generally has a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • a negative current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
  • copper; stainless steel; aluminum; nickel; titanium; calcined carbon; Copper or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.; Alternatively, an aluminum-cadmium alloy or the like may be used.
  • the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material may be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and may be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, net, porous body, foam, non-woven body, and the like.
  • the negative active material may include lithium metal, a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a metal or an alloy of these metals and lithium, a metal composite oxide, and lithium doping and de-doping. It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of materials and transition metal oxides.
  • any carbon-based negative active material generally used in lithium ion lithium secondary batteries may be used without particular limitation, and a representative example thereof is crystalline carbon. , amorphous carbon or these may be used together.
  • the crystalline carbon include graphite such as amorphous, plate-like, flake, spherical or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low temperature calcined carbon). or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, and calcined coke.
  • Examples of the above metals or alloys of these metals and lithium include Cu, Ni, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al. And a metal selected from the group consisting of Sn or an alloy of these metals and lithium may be used.
  • metal composite oxide examples include PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 . , Bi 2 O 5 , Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) and Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of Groups 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8) One or more selected from may be used.
  • Examples of the material capable of doping and dedoping lithium include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Si-Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 element, transition metal, An element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn-Y (wherein Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, a rare earth) It is an element selected from the group consisting of elements and combinations thereof, and is not Sn) and the like. Also, at least one of these and SiO 2 may be mixed and used.
  • the element Y is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db (dubnium), Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh , Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S , Se, Te, Po, and may be selected from the group consisting of combinations thereof.
  • transition metal oxide examples include lithium-containing titanium composite oxide (LTO), vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide.
  • the negative active material is preferably graphite.
  • the negative active material may be included in an amount of 60 wt% to 99 wt%, preferably 70 wt% to 99 wt%, more preferably 80 wt% to 98 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid excluding the solvent in the negative electrode mixture slurry have.
  • the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector.
  • binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetra fluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, and various copolymers thereof.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • the binder is used in an amount of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid excluding the solvent in the negative electrode mixture slurry may be included.
  • the conductive material is a component for further improving the conductivity of the anode active material.
  • a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
  • graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
  • carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
  • conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers
  • metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
  • conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
  • conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
  • conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
  • the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 wt% to 20 wt%, preferably 1 wt% to 15 wt%, more preferably 1 wt% to 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the solid excluding the solvent in the negative electrode mixture slurry .
  • the solvent is water; Alternatively, it may contain an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), alcohol, and the like, and may be used in an amount having a desirable viscosity when the negative active material and, optionally, a binder and a conductive material are included. .
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • a metal itself When a metal itself is used as the negative electrode, it may be manufactured by physically bonding, rolling, or depositing a metal on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector.
  • a metal As the deposition method, an electrical deposition method or a chemical vapor deposition method may be used for metal.
  • the metal to be bonded/rolled/deposited on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector is one selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and indium (In). of a metal or an alloy of two types of metals.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may include a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the separator serves to block the internal short circuit of both electrodes and impregnate the electrolyte, and a separator composition is prepared by mixing a polymer resin, a filler, and a solvent, and then the separator composition is directly coated on the electrode and dried to form a separator film Alternatively, after casting and drying the separator composition on a support, a separator film peeled from the support may be laminated on an electrode to form.
  • the separator is a porous polymer film commonly used, for example, a polyolefin-based polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer.
  • the polymer film may be used alone or by laminating them, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric, for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc., may be used, or oil /
  • a safety-reinforcing separator (SRS) separator coated with an inorganic composite coating layer may be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • SRS safety-reinforcing separator
  • the pore diameter of the porous separator is generally 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the porosity may be 5% to 95%.
  • the thickness of the porous separator may be generally in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the lithium secondary battery manufacturing method according to the present invention may include an activation (formation) step including a process of charging the above-described lithium secondary battery until the remaining capacity (SOC) is 55 to 65%.
  • the activation step is a step of forming the SEI (solid electrolyte interface) film layer of the negative electrode, and in the conventional activation step, it is common to charge the remaining capacity (SOC) in the range of 10% to 40%.
  • SOC remaining capacity
  • the activation step of the present invention can generate a larger amount of gas than the conventional activation step by charging until the SOC is 55 to 65%.
  • the lithium secondary battery manufacturing method according to the present invention suppresses the swelling of the battery by removing a large amount of gas generated in the activation step in the degassing step to be described later, and at the same time exhibits excellent battery characteristics such as initial capacity and cycle characteristics.
  • the activation step according to the present invention can be charged for 4 to 7 hours, preferably 5.5 to 6.5 hours.
  • the activation step according to the present invention can sufficiently generate a large amount of gas in the activation step by charging over the above range of time.
  • the activation step according to the present invention may be performed at 40 to 50 °C.
  • Charging conditions in the activation step excluding the SOC, charging time, and charging temperature may be performed according to a method known in the art. Specifically, charging may be performed with a charging voltage of 3.6 to 3.65V, and a pressure of 0.5 to 5 kgf/cm 2 . However, the charging voltage and pressure may vary depending on the type or characteristics of the lithium secondary battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may include degassing the lithium secondary battery that has undergone the activation step.
  • the degassing process is for removing the activation gas generated inside the secondary battery through the activation step.
  • the degassing step may be performed in a pouch-type secondary battery having an extended one side, by cutting the extended portion and creating a vacuum at a constant temperature to remove gas and then sealing the incised portion.
  • a degassing technique is widely known to those skilled in the art, a more detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention manufactured by the above method has excellent safety by using a eutectic mixture having a high flash point as a solvent of the electrolyte solution, and by performing the activation process under specific conditions, initial capacity characteristics, lifespan characteristics and excellent swelling properties.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention a positive electrode; separator; cathode; and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte contains a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt in an amount of 80% by weight or more based on the total weight of the electrolyte. Since the configuration of the anode, the separator, the cathode, and the electrolyte is the same as described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has an excellent lifespan of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, in a discharge capacity retention rate after 79 cycles when charging and discharging is repeated in a range of 2.5V to 4.25V with a constant current of 0.1C. have characteristics.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has excellent swelling characteristics, with a cell volume increase rate of 10% or less, preferably 6% or less, measured after storage at 60° C. for 2 weeks.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may have a discharge capacity retention rate of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, after 79 cycles when charging and discharging is repeated in a range of 2.5V to 4.25V with a constant current of 0.1C.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention as described above is a portable device such as a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a digital camera; and an electric vehicle field such as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
  • a portable device such as a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a digital camera
  • an electric vehicle field such as a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
  • HEV hybrid electric vehicle
  • a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
  • the battery module or battery pack is a power tool (Power Tool); electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); And it may be used as a power source for one or more medium and large-sized devices in a system for power storage.
  • Power Tool power tool
  • electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
  • PHEVs plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a cylindrical shape using a can, a prismatic shape, a pouch type, or a coin type.
  • the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may be used not only in a battery cell used as a power source for a small device, but may also be preferably used as a unit cell in a medium or large battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
  • LiFSI lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide
  • LiODFB lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate
  • An electrolyte solution was prepared by adding vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as additives to 3 and 10 wt%, respectively, based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.
  • Ethylene carbonate (EC):diethyl carbonate (DEC):succinonitrile:fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was added in a volume ratio of 21:49:20:10, and lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI) was dissolved to have a molar concentration of 1.2M to prepare an electrolyte solution.
  • LiFSI lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide
  • the two single-sided positive electrodes and one double-sided negative electrode were sequentially stacked between four polyolefin-based porous separators coated with aluminum oxide inorganic particles to prepare a monocell-type electrode assembly. This was placed inside a pouch-type battery case and the electrolyte prepared in Preparation Example 1 was injected to assemble a lithium secondary battery.
  • the assembled lithium secondary battery was activated by charging at 45°C with a charging voltage of 3.65V and a constant current of 0.1C for 6 hours until the SOC reached 60%. Then, the activated lithium secondary battery was degassed.
  • a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the electrolyte of Preparation Example 2 was used instead of the electrolyte of Preparation Example 1.
  • a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the activation step, the battery was charged until the remaining capacity (SOC) was 30% for 3 hours.
  • a lithium secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the activation step, the battery was charged until the remaining capacity (SOC) reached 50% for 5 hours.
  • a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the activation step, the battery was charged until the remaining capacity (SOC) reached 70% for 7 hours.
  • Each of the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was charged to 4.2V at 25°C at a constant current of 0.1C, and then discharged to 2.5V at a constant current of 0.1C, and the initial discharge capacity was measured. At this time, PNE-0306 of PNE solution was used as the charger and discharger. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • Example 1 In the case of Example 1, in which an electrolyte solution containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt was injected as a solvent, it was confirmed that the initial discharge capacity was larger than that of Comparative Example 1 using a conventional organic electrolyte solvent. In particular, succino In the case of Comparative Example 1, which was prepared by adding nitrile as an additive to the organic solvent used in the conventional electrolyte, the initial discharge capacity was significantly lowered, and as a result of disassembling and analyzing the battery, corrosion of the Al current collector was observed. became
  • Example 1 in which the activation step of charging until the residual capacity (SOC) is 60%, the initial stage compared to Comparative Examples 2 to 4 in which the residual capacity (SOC) is 30%, 50%, and 70% It was confirmed that the discharge capacity was large.
  • Example 2 Each of the batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4 was charged up to 4.2V at room temperature (25°C) at a constant current of 0.1C and discharged to 2.5V at a constant current of 0.1C as one cycle, and 79 cycles of charging were performed. After discharging, the capacity retention ratio compared to the initial capacity after 79 cycles was measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
  • Example 1 In the case of Example 1, in which the activation step of charging until the residual capacity (SOC) was 60%, the cycle characteristics were lower than those of Comparative Examples 2 to 4 in which the residual capacity (SOC) was 30%, 50%, and 70%. excellent can be seen.
  • Example 1 The secondary batteries prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were each fully charged to 4.2V, and then stored at 60°C for 2 weeks.
  • the cell volume of the fully charged secondary battery was measured and set as the initial volume of the secondary battery.
  • the cell volume increase rate was derived after 2 weeks by calculating the percentage ratio of the increased cell volume to the cell volume of the initial secondary battery. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • Example 1 in which an electrolyte solution containing a eutectic mixture of succinonitrile and lithium salt was injected as a solvent, it was confirmed that the swelling was less than in Comparative Example 1 using a conventional organic electrolyte solvent.
  • the remaining capacity In the case of Example 1 in which the activation step of charging until the SOC is 60%, it is confirmed that the swelling is small compared to Comparative Examples 2 to 4, in which the remaining capacity (SOC) is 30%, 50%, and 70%.

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Abstract

Afin de résoudre le problème décrit, la présente invention concerne une batterie secondaire au lithium et son procédé de fabrication, la batterie secondaire au lithium comprenant une cathode, un séparateur et une anode et ayant, injectés dans celle-ci, un électrolyte comprenant, en tant que solvant, un mélange eutectique de succinonitrile et de sel de lithium.
PCT/KR2022/004302 2021-03-30 2022-03-28 Batterie secondaire au lithium et son procédé de fabrication WO2022211404A1 (fr)

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CN202280011268.8A CN116783750A (zh) 2021-03-30 2022-03-28 锂二次电池及其制造方法
EP22781523.0A EP4266443A1 (fr) 2021-03-30 2022-03-28 Batterie secondaire au lithium et son procédé de fabrication
US18/272,943 US20240120547A1 (en) 2021-03-30 2022-03-28 Lithium secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same
JP2023529103A JP2023549886A (ja) 2021-03-30 2022-03-28 リチウム二次電池及びその製造方法

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KR20140025343A (ko) * 2011-02-04 2014-03-04 도요타 모터 엔지니어링 앤드 매뉴팩쳐링 노스 아메리카, 인코포레이티드 리튬 배터리용 고압 배터리
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KR20180058633A (ko) * 2016-11-24 2018-06-01 주식회사 엘지화학 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
KR20190054920A (ko) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-22 주식회사 엘지화학 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지

Patent Citations (5)

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KR101041722B1 (ko) * 2009-01-09 2011-06-14 주식회사 엘지화학 공융혼합물과 니트릴 화합물을 포함하는 전해질 및 이를 구비한 전기화학소자
KR20140025343A (ko) * 2011-02-04 2014-03-04 도요타 모터 엔지니어링 앤드 매뉴팩쳐링 노스 아메리카, 인코포레이티드 리튬 배터리용 고압 배터리
KR20150015643A (ko) * 2013-07-31 2015-02-11 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 리튬 공기 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 공기 전지
KR20180058633A (ko) * 2016-11-24 2018-06-01 주식회사 엘지화학 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
KR20190054920A (ko) * 2017-11-14 2019-05-22 주식회사 엘지화학 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지

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CN116783750A (zh) 2023-09-19
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KR20220136204A (ko) 2022-10-07
JP2023549886A (ja) 2023-11-29

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