WO2022205913A1 - 一种轴箱悬挂装置及转向架 - Google Patents

一种轴箱悬挂装置及转向架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022205913A1
WO2022205913A1 PCT/CN2021/128925 CN2021128925W WO2022205913A1 WO 2022205913 A1 WO2022205913 A1 WO 2022205913A1 CN 2021128925 W CN2021128925 W CN 2021128925W WO 2022205913 A1 WO2022205913 A1 WO 2022205913A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axle box
suspension device
damping gear
swing block
spring damping
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PCT/CN2021/128925
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许善超
张文龙
耿忠华
李超
穆凤军
徐世峰
Original Assignee
中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2022205913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022205913A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B61F5/301—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating metal springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to an axle box suspension device of a railway freight car.
  • the invention also relates to a bogie provided with the axlebox suspension device.
  • a railway freight car generally includes a car body, a bogie, a braking device, a coupler buffer device, etc.
  • the function of the bogie is to support the car body, guide the vehicle to travel along the track, and bear various loads from the car body and the line. Therefore, the bogie is an important part of the railway freight car and the core component that affects the dynamic performance of the vehicle.
  • Railway freight car bogies are divided into two categories: welded frame bogies and cast steel three-piece bogies.
  • welded frame bogies are mainly composed of frame, basic braking device, axle box suspension vibration damping device and elastic side bearing, etc.
  • the axle box suspension device is composed of the wheelset and the axle box, spring, wedge and bearing saddle installed on the wheelset.
  • the axle box suspension device is strongly related to the dynamic performance of the vehicle and directly determines and affects the dynamics of the vehicle. performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a typical Y25 frame bogie.
  • the axle box suspension device is composed of spring 1', spring cap 2', lifting ring 3' and axle box 4'.
  • the vibration damping device of the 3' structure one end of the lifting ring 3' is installed on the protruding cantilever shaft of the pedestal frame 5', and the other end is installed on the protruding cantilever shaft of the spring cap 2', and the raised cantilever shafts are respectively welded to the pedestal frame. 5' and spring cap 2'.
  • This structure mainly has the following disadvantages: firstly, the hoisting ring 3' is installed on the cantilever shaft, which is a welded structure, the structural force is not ideal, and the manufacturability and reliability are poor. Secondly, after the friction surface matched with the axle box 4' is worn out, the angle of the hoisting ring 3' becomes smaller, which will lead to a decrease in the vibration damping performance. Furthermore, after the lifting ring 3' and the cantilever shaft are worn out, the angle of the lifting ring 3' becomes smaller, which will also lead to a decrease in the vibration damping performance. Finally, the structure is complex, the number of parts is too large, and the manufacturing is difficult.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an axle box suspension device.
  • the device can improve vehicle dynamics and ensure continuous stability of vehicle dynamics.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a bogie provided with the axlebox suspension device.
  • the present invention provides an axle box suspension device, which includes an axle box and a guide frame respectively located on both sides of the axle box, and springs are respectively provided between the guide frame and the spring bearing portion of the axle box.
  • a swing block and a spring damping gear are arranged between one or both of the guide frames and the spring; the upper end of the swing block is matched with the guide frame in a way of having rotational freedom, so The lower end of the swing block is matched with the spring damping gear in a way of having rotational freedom, and the swing block has an inclined angle with the vertical direction, and the lower end of the swing block is biased toward the axle box; the spring
  • the damping gear is provided with a first contact surface on the side corresponding to the axle box, and is pressed against the second contact surface on the side of the axle box through the first contact surface, and the first contact surface The second contact surface can move relatively.
  • the two ends of the swing block are respectively provided with cylindrical surfaces for support, and the inner top of the guide frame and the top of the spring damping gear are respectively provided with concave arc surfaces; the upper end of the swing block passes through The cylindrical surface is matched with the concave arc surface of the guide frame, and the lower end of the swing block is matched with the concave arc surface of the spring damping gear through the cylindrical surface;
  • both ends of the swing block are provided with pin shaft holes, the upper end of the swing block is connected to the guide frame through a pin shaft, and the lower end of the swing block is connected to the spring damping gear through a pin shaft.
  • the spring damping gear is provided with a lateral contact plate, the vertical surface of the contact plate forms the first contact surface, and the vertical surface of the side surface of the axle box forms the second contact surface,
  • the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively along the vertical direction; or,
  • the spring damping gear is provided with a lateral contact plate, the vertical surface of the contact plate is provided with a groove, and a wear plate is embedded in the groove, and the vertical surface of the wear plate forms the first A contact surface, the vertical surface of the side surface of the axle box forms the second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface can move relatively along the vertical direction.
  • the bottom of the spring damping gear is placed on the upper plane of the spring, and the bottom surface is provided with a hollow cylinder extending into the spring from the upper end.
  • the main body of the spring damper is in the shape of a disc, the top of which has a first top surface and a second top surface, the second top surface is higher than the first top surface and the second top surface is higher than the first top surface.
  • the surface is on the side adjacent to the first contact surface, a transition slope is formed between the first top surface and the second top surface, and the concave circular arc surface of the spring damping gear is located on the transition slope.
  • the lateral projection of the swing block is a dumbbell shape with two ends larger than the middle size or a shape of equal width with the two ends having the same size as the middle size.
  • the guide frame provided with the swing block and the spring damping gear is in the shape of a cover with an opening downward, and a side wall portion extending downward is provided on the side adjacent to the axle box.
  • a frame opening for the spring damping gear to pass laterally is opened.
  • only one of the two guide frames is provided with the swing block and the spring damping gear between the two guide frames and its spring; and/or, a single swing block is provided in the guide frame.
  • the present invention provides a bogie, including a frame assembly, a suspension device, a wheelset and a side bearing, the suspension device includes the axle box suspension device described in any one of the above, and the axle box The top surface of the pedestal frame of the suspension device and the lower cover plate of the side beam of the frame assembly are welded into an integral structure.
  • the left and right end wheel sets are provided with the axle box suspension device, and the swing block and the spring damping gear of the axle box suspension device are located on the left and right ends.
  • the axle box suspension device provided by the invention is provided with a spring damping gear, and a swing block is arranged between the guide frame and the spring damping gear.
  • the spring damping gear and the swing block can transmit the spring force to the guide frame.
  • the spring damping gear can generate a horizontal component force, and under the action of the horizontal component force, the first contact surface of the spring damping gear and the axle box The second contact surface of the fuselage is pressed against each other, so that the friction force generated by the relative displacement can play a damping effect and realize the vibration reduction function.
  • the structure of the built-in tilting and swinging block of the guide frame can not only provide the vehicle vibration damping function, but also realize the longitudinal positioning function of the wheelset. It has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, good positioning effect, low manufacturing difficulty, small number of parts, The vibration reduction effect does not decrease after wear and so on.
  • the bogie provided by the present invention is provided with the axle box suspension device. Since the axle box suspension device has the above technical effects, the bogie provided with the axle box suspension device should also have corresponding technical effects.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a typical Y25 frame bogie
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame bogie disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the right end wheelset in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the pedestal shown in Figure 3 on the inside of the axle box;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pedestal shown in FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is the left side view of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the swing block shown in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 8 is the left side view of the swing block shown in Fig. 7;
  • Figure 9 is an isometric view of the spring damper shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the spring damping gear shown in Figure 9;
  • Fig. 11 is the top view of Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is the left side view of Fig. 10;
  • FIG 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 14 is a top view of the axle box shown in Figure 13;
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame bogie disclosed in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of the left end wheelset in Figure 15;
  • 17 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box suspension device disclosed in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box suspension device disclosed in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 20 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box suspension device disclosed in the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box suspension device disclosed in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a swing block disclosed in an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a left side view of the swing block shown in FIG. 22 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-axle frame bogie disclosed in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the right wheelset in FIG. 2 .
  • the structure of the axle box suspension device is described by taking a three-axle frame bogie as an example.
  • the bogie is mainly composed of a frame and three wheel sets. As shown in FIG. 2 In terms of orientation, they are the left wheelset, the middle wheelset and the right wheelset respectively.
  • the left and right wheelsets use the axle box suspension device shown in Figure 3, and the axles of the left and right wheelsets are
  • the box suspension is mirror-symmetrical.
  • the axle box suspension device of the right wheelset is mainly composed of an axle box 1, a first guide frame 2, a second guide frame 3, a spring 4, a spring damping gear 5, and a swing block 6, etc.
  • the first lead frame 2 and the second lead frame 3 are welded to the lower plane of the side beam of the frame 7, and are located on both sides of the axle box 1.
  • the bottom of the axle box 1 has spring bearing parts 1-1 extending laterally to the left and right, Springs 4 are respectively provided between the first lead frame 2 and the second lead frame 3 and the spring bearing portion 1 - 1 , and the springs 4 are placed on the spring bearing portions 1 - 1 on both sides of the axle box 1 .
  • a single swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 are provided between the first lead frame 2 located on the inner side and the spring 4 below it; the swing block 6 is located between the spring damping gear 5 and the first lead frame 2 and is supported on the Inside the first guide frame 2, the upper end of the swing block 6 cooperates with the first guide frame 2 in a way of having a degree of rotational freedom, and the lower end of the swing block 6 cooperates with the spring damping gear 5 in a way of having a degree of rotational freedom, And the swing block 6 has an inclined angle with the vertical direction, and its lower end is inclined to the axle box 1; the spring damping gear 5 is provided with a first contact surface 5-1 on the side corresponding to the axle box 1, and passes through the A contact surface 5-1 is pressed against the second contact surface 1-2 on the side surface of the axle box 1, and the first contact surface 5-1 and the second contact surface 1-2 can move relatively.
  • the upper plane of the left spring 4 is supported on the lower plane of the spring damping gear 5, and the spring force is transmitted to the spring damping gear 5, and the force is transmitted to the swing block 6 and the first lead frame 2 through the spring damping gear 5, and further The spring force is transmitted to the frame 7 through the first lead frame 2; the upper plane of the right spring 4 is supported on the lower plane of the second lead frame 3, and the spring force is transmitted to the frame 7 through the second lead frame 3, and the second lead frame
  • the vertical plane 3 can be in contact with the right side of the axle box 1 rigidly or elastically (for example, a non-metal elastic piece is inserted), and a wedge can also be provided in the second lead frame 3 .
  • Its working principle is to use the angle between the swing block 6 and the vertical direction to decompose the vertical support force from the spring 4 to generate a horizontal force, so that the spring damping gear 5 generates a rightward force, so that the spring damping gear 5
  • the right end vertically faces the left vertical surface of the axle box 1 to generate positive pressure, and the right side generates a horizontal support reaction force.
  • the axle box 1 produces a vertical relative displacement relative to the spring damping gear 5, it can be generated in the vertical direction. Friction, and then generate damping effect under the action of friction to realize the vibration reduction function.
  • Figure 4 is an isometric view of the pedestal shown in Figure 3 on the inside of the axle box;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pedestal shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of Figure 5 view.
  • the first pedestal 2 is in the shape of a cover with an opening downward, and its top surface is flat, which is welded with the lower cover plate of the side beam of the frame 7 to form an integral structure.
  • the concave circular arc surface 2-1 on the side is provided with a side wall portion 2-2 extending downwards on the side adjacent to the axle box 1, and the side wall portion 2-2 is provided with a lateral passage for the spring damping gear 5 to pass through.
  • Frame port 2-3 there is enough clearance between the frame port 2-3 and the spring damping gear 5 to prevent the spring damping gear 5 from moving up and down relative to the first lead frame 2, and the first lead frame 2 interfere with each other.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the swing block shown in FIG. 2 ;
  • FIG. 8 is a left side view of the swing block shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the swing block 6 has a certain length and thickness, and is in the shape of a dumbbell with two large ends and a thin middle in the lateral projection.
  • the swing block 6 is under pressure between the first lead frame 2 and the spring damping gear 5, Different tilt angles can be set as required.
  • the two ends of the swing block 6 are respectively provided with cylindrical surfaces 6-1 for support, which correspond to the inner top of the first guide frame 2 and the concave arc surface at the top of the spring damping gear 5 respectively.
  • the upper end of the swing block 6 passes through the cylindrical surface 6 -1 is matched with the concave circular arc surface 2-1 of the first lead frame 2, and the lower end of the swing block 6 is matched with the concave circular arc surface 5-2 of the spring damping gear 5 through the cylindrical surface 6-1 to form Cylindrical surface mating structure.
  • the installed swing block 6 is located inside the first lead frame 2 and supported between the spring damping gear 5 and the first lead frame 2.
  • the swing block 6 has a simple structure, is connected without welding, has high reliability, and is easy to manufacture. it is good.
  • the oscillating block 6 may also have a shape of equal width with the size of the two ends consistent with the size of the middle in the lateral projection.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the spring damping gear shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the spring damping gear shown in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of FIG. 10; It is the left side view of Figure 10.
  • the main body of the spring damping gear 5 is in the shape of a disc, and its lower plane is the spring supporting surface.
  • the lower hollow cylinder 5-3 extends into the spring 4 to provide spring positioning, and its top has a first top surface 5-4 and the second top surface 5-5, the second top surface 5-5 is higher than the first top surface 5-4 and the second top surface 5-5 is on the side adjacent to the first contact surface 5-1, the first Between the first top surface 5-4 and the second top surface 5-5 is a transition slope 5-6, and the concave circular arc surface 5-2 of the spring damping gear 5 is located on the transition slope 5-6, which can better Generates a horizontal component to the right.
  • the right side of the spring damping gear 5 is provided with a side-standing contact plate 5-7.
  • the contact plate 5-7 and the main body can have an integrated structure or a split assembly structure.
  • the vertical surface of the contact plate 5-7 is provided with a concave structure.
  • Slot 5-8, a wear plate 8 is embedded in the groove 5-8, the vertical surface of the wear plate 8 forms the first contact surface 5-1, and the vertical surface of the left side of the axle box 1 forms the second contact surface 1- 2.
  • the first contact surface 5-1 is pressed against the second contact surface 1-2, and can move relatively along the vertical direction.
  • the vertical surface of the contact plate 5-7 can also directly form the first contact surface 5-1, and then press and fit with the second contact surface 1-2 on the side of the axle box 1, and can move relatively in the vertical direction. .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the axle box shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 14 is a top view of the axle box shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the inside of the axle box 1 can be arranged in an arc shape to directly cooperate with the bearing.
  • different combinations of the bearing saddle 9 and the rubber pad 10 can also be arranged in the axle box 1 .
  • the springs 4 on each side of the axle box 1 are composed of inner and outer circular springs with unequal heights.
  • the outer spring When the vehicle is empty, the outer spring is loaded, and the inner and outer springs are jointly loaded when the vehicle is heavy. It can also be loaded by the inner spring when the vehicle is empty, and the inner and outer springs are jointly loaded when the vehicle is heavy.
  • the inner and outer springs can also be of equal height, and the inner and outer circular springs are both loaded when the truck is empty.
  • the swing block 6 and the spring damping gear 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the left end wheelset (see FIGS. 15 and 16 ).
  • the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 on the outside of the left end wheelset (see FIG. 17 ).
  • the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 on the inner side of the right wheelset, and a bearing saddle 9 is provided in the axle box 1 (see FIG. 18 ).
  • the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 on the outside of the left wheelset, and a bearing saddle 9 is provided in the axle box 1 (see FIG. 19 ).
  • the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 on the outside of the left wheelset, and a bearing saddle 9 and a rubber pad 10 are provided in the axle box 1 (see FIG. 20 ).
  • the bogie is provided with a swing block 6 and a spring damping gear 5 on the inner side of the right wheelset, and a bearing saddle 9 and a rubber pad 10 are provided in the axle box 1 (see FIG. 21 ).
  • the bearing saddle 9 may be provided in the axle box 1, and the bearing saddle 9 and the rubber pad 10 may also be arranged in the axle box 1 to meet different performance requirements.
  • both ends of the swing block 6 are provided with pin shaft holes 6-2, the upper end of which is connected to the first lead frame 2 through a pin shaft, and the lower end of which is connected to the first lead frame 2 through a pin shaft.
  • the connection of the spring damping gear 5 can also realize the functions of swinging and transmitting pressure, and on the basis of the pin connection, the cylindrical surface matching structure in the above embodiment can be used at the same time, for example, the upper end can be connected by a pin, the lower end
  • the cylindrical surface matching structure is adopted, or the upper end adopts the cylindrical surface matching structure, and the lower end adopts the pin shaft connection, and the latter adopts the cylindrical surface matching structure and the pin shaft connection at the upper end and the lower end.
  • the axle box suspension device converts the vertical force of the spring 4 into a horizontal component force and acts on the spring damping gear 5 through the inclination angle of the swing block 6, and acts on the side of the axle box 1 through the spring damping gear 5, Make positive pressure on both sides of axle box 1. Since the axle box 1 is installed on the wheelset bearing and is an unsprung part, the spring damping gear 5, the swing block 6, the first lead frame 2, the second lead frame 3 and the frame 7 are all sprung parts, and the vehicle is running.
  • the axle box 1 When vertical vibration occurs, the axle box 1 produces a vertical displacement relative to the sprung parts such as the spring damping gear 5, and friction resistance is generated under the action of the horizontal component force on both sides of the axle box 1, which produces a damping effect, realizes the vibration reduction function, and can effectively improve
  • the dynamic performance of the vehicle is upgraded to ensure that the dynamic performance of the vehicle is continuously stable, with high safety and reliability, and the vehicle performance is not reduced due to wear and tear, and has better longitudinal positioning function.
  • the present invention also provides a bogie, which is mainly composed of a frame 7, a suspension device 11, a wheel set 12 and a side bearing 13, etc. It can be a single-axle bogie, a two-axle bogie, or A three-axle bogie, a four-axle bogie or a five-axle bogie with multiple axles, among which at least one suspension device 11 is the axle box suspension device described above, and the first pedestal 2 and The top surface of the second lead frame 3 and the lower cover plate of the side beam of the frame 7 are welded to form an integral structure.
  • the wheelsets at the left and right ends are provided with the above-mentioned axle box suspension device, and the swing block and the spring damping gear of the axle box suspension device are located at The inside or outside of the wheelset at the left and right ends.
  • axle box suspension device can also be arranged at other positions of the bogie.
  • the wheelset at the end of the three-axle bogie as an example, it can be arranged at the wheelset at both ends of the bogie, or at the wheelset at the two ends of the bogie. At the end wheelset and the middle wheelset.
  • axlebox suspension device and the bogie provided by the present invention are described in detail above.
  • the principles and implementations of the present invention are described herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Abstract

一种轴箱悬挂装置及转向架，轴箱悬挂装置包括轴箱（1）和分别位于轴箱（1）两侧的导框，导框与轴箱（1）的弹簧承载部（1-1）之间分别设有弹簧（4），导框中的一者或两者与弹簧（4）之间设有摆动块（6）和弹簧减振档（5）；摆动块（6）的上端与导框以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，摆动块（6）的下端与弹簧减振档（5）以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，且摆动块（6）与竖向方向之间具有倾斜的角度，其下端偏向于轴箱（1）；弹簧减振档（5）在对应于轴箱（1）的一侧设有第一接触面（5-1），并通过第一接触面（5-1）压紧贴合于轴箱（1）侧面的第二接触面（1-2），第一接触面（5-1）与第二接触面（1-2）能够相对移动。

Description

一种轴箱悬挂装置及转向架
本申请要求2021年03月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110332866.2、发明名称为“一种轴箱悬挂装置及转向架”的发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域，尤其是铁路货车的轴箱悬挂装置。本发明还涉及设有所述轴箱悬挂装置的转向架。
背景技术
铁路货车一般包括车体、转向架、制动装置、车钩缓冲装置等，其中，转向架的作用是支承车体，引导车辆沿轨道行驶，并承受来自车体及线路的各种载荷。因此，转向架是铁路货车的重要组成部分，是影响车辆动力学性能的核心部件。
铁路货车转向架有焊接构架式转向架和铸钢三大件式转向架两大类，其中焊接构架式转向架主要由构架组成、基础制动装置、轴箱悬挂减振装置和弹性旁承等组成，轴箱悬挂装置由轮对及安装到轮对上的轴箱、弹簧、斜楔及承载鞍等组成，轴箱悬挂装置与车辆的动力学性能强相关，直接决定和影响车辆的动力学性能。
请参考图1，图1为一种典型的Y25型构架式转向架的结构示意图。
如图所示，其轴箱悬挂装置由弹簧1′、弹簧帽2′、吊环3′及轴箱4′等组成，轮对一侧为导框刚性定位，对侧采用吊环3′、弹簧帽3′结构的减振装置，吊环3′一端安装在导框5′的凸出悬臂轴上，另一端安装在弹簧帽2′凸出的悬臂轴上，凸起的悬臂轴分别焊接在导框5′和弹簧帽2′上。
这种结构主要存在以下缺点：首先，吊环3′安装在悬臂轴上，悬臂轴为焊接结构，结构受力不够理想，工艺性、可靠性差。其次，与轴箱4′配合的摩擦面磨耗后，吊环3′角度变小，会导致减振性能下降。再者，吊环3′、悬臂轴磨耗后，吊环3′角度变小，也会导致减振性能下降。最 后，结构复杂，零件数量过多，制造难度大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种轴箱悬挂装置。该装置能够提升车辆动力学性能，确保车辆动力学性能持续稳定。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种设有所述轴箱悬挂装置的转向架。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种轴箱悬挂装置，包括轴箱和分别位于所述轴箱两侧的导框，所述导框与所述轴箱的弹簧承载部之间分别设有弹簧，所述导框中的一者或两者与所述弹簧之间设有摆动块和弹簧减振档；所述摆动块的上端与所述导框以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，所述摆动块的下端与所述弹簧减振档以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，且所述摆动块与竖向方向之间具有倾斜的角度，其下端偏向于所述轴箱；所述弹簧减振档在对应于所述轴箱的一侧设有第一接触面，并通过所述第一接触面压紧贴合于所述轴箱侧面的第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够相对移动。
优选地，所述摆动块的两端分别设有支撑用圆柱面，所述导框的内顶部和所述弹簧减振档的顶部分别设有凹形圆弧面；所述摆动块的上端通过圆柱面与所述导框的凹形圆弧面相配合，所述摆动块的下端通过圆柱面与所述弹簧减振档的凹形圆弧面相配合；
和/或，所述摆动块的两端设有销轴孔，其上端通过销轴与所述导框连接，其下端通过销轴与所述弹簧减振档连接。
优选地，所述弹簧减振档设有侧立的接触板，所述接触板的竖直面形成所述第一接触面，所述轴箱侧面的竖直面形成所述第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够沿竖直方向相对移动；或者，
所述弹簧减振档设有侧立的接触板，所述接触板的竖直面设有凹槽，所述凹槽内镶装有磨耗板，所述磨耗板的竖直面形成所述第一接触面，所述轴箱侧面的竖直面形成所述第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够沿竖直方向相对移动。
优选地，所述弹簧减振档的底部放置于弹簧的上平面，其底面上设有 从上端伸入弹簧的空心圆柱体。
优选地，所述弹簧减振档的主体部分呈圆盘形，其顶部具有第一顶面和第二顶面，所述第二顶面高于所述第一顶面且所述第二顶面处于邻近所述第一接触面的一侧，所述第一顶面与第二顶面之间为过渡斜面，所述弹簧减振档的凹形圆弧面位于所述过渡斜面。
优选地，所述摆动块的侧向投影呈两头尺寸大于中间尺寸的哑铃形状或两头尺寸与中间尺寸相同的等宽形状。
优选地，所述设有摆动块和弹簧减振档的导框呈开口向下的罩体形状，其邻近所述轴箱的一侧设有向下延伸的侧壁部，所述侧壁部开设有供所述弹簧减振档横向穿过的框口。
优选地，所述两个导框中仅一个导框与其弹簧之间设有所述摆动块及弹簧减振档；和/或，所述导框内设有单个所述摆动块。
为实现上述另一目的，本发明提供一种转向架，包括构架总成、悬挂装置、轮对以及旁承，所述悬挂装置包括上述任一项所述的轴箱悬挂装置，所述轴箱悬挂装置的导框顶面与所述构架总成的侧梁下盖板焊接为整体结构。
优选地，为二轴或多轴转向架，其左、右两端部轮对设置有所述轴箱悬挂装置，且所述轴箱悬挂装置的摆动块及弹簧减振档位于所述左、右两端部轮对的内侧或外侧。
本发明所提供的轴箱悬挂装置设有弹簧减振档，并在导框与弹簧减振档之间设有摆动块，车辆运动时，弹簧减振档和摆动块可以将弹簧力传递给导框，同时，由于摆动块与竖直方向之间具有倾斜的角度，因此，可以使弹簧减振档产生水平分力，在水平分力作用下，弹簧减振档的第一接触面与轴箱的第二接触面压紧贴合，进而可以通过相对位移产生的摩擦力起到阻尼作用，实现减振功能。这种导框内置倾斜摆动块的结构，在提供车辆减振功能的同时，还可以实现轮对纵向定位功能，具有结构简单、可靠性高、定位效果好、制造难度低、零部件数量少、磨耗后减振效果不下降等效果。
本发明所提供的转向架设有所述轴箱悬挂装置，由于所述轴箱悬挂装置具有上述技术效果，则设有该轴箱悬挂装置的转向架也应具有相应的技 术效果。
附图说明
图1为一种典型的Y25型构架式转向架的结构示意图；
图2为本发明第一实施例公开的一种三轴构架式转向架的结构示意图；
图3为图2中右端轮对的局部剖视图；
图4为图3中所示位于轴箱内侧的导框的轴侧图；
图5为图4所示导框的剖视图；
图6为图5的左视图；
图7为图2中所示摆动块的结构示意图；
图8为图7所示摆动块的左视图；
图9为图3中所示弹簧减振档的轴侧图；
图10为图9所示弹簧减振档的侧视图；
图11为图10的俯视图；
图12为图10的左视图；
图13为图3中所示轴箱的结构示意图；
图14为图13所示轴箱的俯视图；
图15为本发明第二实施例公开的一种三轴构架式转向架的结构示意图；
图16为图15中左端轮对的局部剖视图；
图17为本发明第三实施例公开的轴箱悬挂装置的结构示意图；
图18为本发明第四实施例公开的轴箱悬挂装置的结构示意图；
图19为本发明第五实施例公开的轴箱悬挂装置的结构示意图；
图20为本发明第六实施例公开的轴箱悬挂装置的结构示意图；
图21为本发明第七实施例公开的轴箱悬挂装置的结构示意图；
图22为本发明第八实施例公开的摆动块的结构示意图；
图23为图22所示摆动块的左视图。
图1中：
弹簧1′ 弹簧帽2′ 吊环3′ 轴箱4′ 导框5′
图2至图23中：
1.轴箱 1-1.弹簧承载部 1-2.第二接触面 2.第一导框 2-1.凹形圆弧面 2-2.侧壁部 2-3.框口 3.第二导框 4.弹簧 5.弹簧减振档 5-1.第一接触面 5-2.凹形圆弧面 5-3.空心圆柱体 5-4.第一顶面 5-5.第二顶面 5-6.过渡斜面 5-7.接触板 5-8.凹槽 6.摆动块6-1.圆柱面 6-2.销轴孔 7.构架 8.磨耗板 9.承载鞍 10.橡胶垫 11.悬挂装置 12.轮对 13.旁承
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
在本文中，“上、下、左、右”等用语是基于附图所示的位置关系而确立的，根据附图的不同，相应的位置关系也有可能随之发生变化，说明书文字有对方向定义的部分，优先采用文字定义的方向，因此，并不能将其理解为对保护范围的绝对限定；而且，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个与另一个具有相同名称的部件区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些部件之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。
请参考图2、图3，图2为本发明第一实施例公开的一种三轴构架式转向架的结构示意图；图3为图2中右端轮对的局部剖视图。
如图所示，在一种具体实施例中，以三轴构架式转向架为例对轴箱悬挂装置的结构进行说明，该转向架主要由构架及三条轮对组成，就图2所示的方位来讲，分别为左端轮对、中间轮对和右端轮对，其中，左、右两端轮对采用了图3所示的轴箱悬挂装置，而且，左、右两端轮对的轴箱悬挂装置镜像对称。
如图3所示的右端轮对的轴箱悬挂装置，其主要由轴箱1、第一导框2、第二导框3、弹簧4、弹簧减振档5、以及摆动块6等组成。
第一导框2和第二导框3均焊接到构架7的侧梁下平面，分别位于轴箱1的两侧，轴箱1的底部具有分别向左右横向延伸的弹簧承载部1-1， 第一导框2和第二导框3与弹簧承载部1-1之间分别设有弹簧4，弹簧4放置在轴箱1两侧的弹簧承载部1-1。
其中，位于内侧的第一导框2与其下方的弹簧4之间设有单个摆动块6和弹簧减振档5；摆动块6位于弹簧减振档5与第一导框2之间，支撑在第一导框2的内部，摆动块6的上端与第一导框2以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，摆动块6的下端与弹簧减振档5以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，且摆动块6与竖向方向之间具有倾斜的角度，其下端偏向于轴箱1；弹簧减振档5在对应于轴箱1的一侧设有第一接触面5-1，并通过第一接触面5-1压紧贴合于轴箱1侧面的第二接触面1-2，第一接触面5-1与第二接触面1-2能够相对移动。
左侧弹簧4的上平面支撑在弹簧减振档5的下平面，将弹簧力传递给弹簧减振档5，通过弹簧减振档5将力传递给摆动块6和第一导框2，进一步通过第一导框2将弹簧力传递给构架7；右侧弹簧4的上平面支撑在第二导框3的下平面，通过第二导框3将弹簧力传递给构架7，第二导框3的竖平面可以与轴箱1右侧刚性或弹性(例如，镶装非金属弹性件)接触配合，也可以在第二导框内3设置斜楔。
其工作原理是，利用摆动块6与竖直方向存在的夹角，将来自弹簧4的竖直支撑力分解产生水平力，使弹簧减振档5产生向右的力，使弹簧减振档5右端竖直面对轴箱1左侧竖直面产生正压力，并使右侧产生水平支反力，当轴箱1相对弹簧减振档5产生垂直相对位移时，可在竖向方向上产生摩擦力，进而在摩擦力作用下产生阻尼作用，实现减振功能。
请参考图4、图5、图6，图4为图3中所示位于轴箱内侧的导框的轴侧图；图5为图4所示导框的剖视图；图6为图5的左视图。
如图所示，第一导框2呈开口向下的罩体形状，其顶面为平面，与构架7侧梁下盖板焊接为整体结构，第一导框2内顶部设置有偏向于左侧的凹形圆弧面2-1，其邻近轴箱1的一侧设有向下延伸的侧壁部2-2，侧壁部2-2开设有供弹簧减振档5横向穿过的框口2-3，此框口2-3与弹簧减振档5之间留有足够的间隙，以避免弹簧减振档5相对于第一导框2上下移动时，与第一导框2相干涉。
请参考图7、图8，图7为图2中所示摆动块的结构示意图；图8为图 7所示摆动块的左视图。
如图所示，摆动块6具有一定长度和厚度，其在侧向投影上呈两头大、中间细的哑铃形状，摆动块6在第一导框2和弹簧减振档5之间承受压力，可以根据需要设定不同的倾斜角度。
摆动块6的两端分别设有支撑用圆柱面6-1，分别与第一导框2内顶部和弹簧减振档5顶部的凹形圆弧面相对应，摆动块6的上端通过圆柱面6-1与第一导框2的凹形圆弧面2-1相配合，摆动块6的下端通过圆柱面6-1与弹簧减振档5的凹形圆弧面5-2相配合，形成圆柱面配合结构。
安装后的摆动块6位于第一导框2的内部，并支撑在弹簧减振档5与第一导框2之间，摆动块6结构简单、采用无焊接连接，可靠性高，制造工艺性好。
当然，摆动块6在侧向投影上也可以呈两头尺寸与中间尺寸相一致的等宽形状。
请参考图9至图12，图9为图3中所示弹簧减振档的轴侧图；图10为图9所示弹簧减振档的侧视图；图11为图10的俯视图；图12为图10的左视图。
如图所示，弹簧减振档5的主体部分呈圆盘形，其下平面为弹簧支撑面，下部的空心圆柱体5-3伸入弹簧4内部提供弹簧定位，其顶部具有第一顶面5-4和第二顶面5-5，第二顶面5-5高于第一顶面5-4且第二顶面5-5处于邻近第一接触面5-1的一侧，第一顶面5-4与第二顶面5-5之间为过渡斜面5-6，弹簧减振档5的凹形圆弧面5-2位于过渡斜面5-6上，这样可以更好的产生向右的水平分力。
弹簧减振档5的右侧设有侧立的接触板5-7，接触板5-7与主体可以为一体式结构或分体组装式结构，接触板5-7的竖直面设有凹槽5-8，凹槽5-8内镶装有磨耗板8，磨耗板8的竖直面形成第一接触面5-1，轴箱1左侧的竖直面形成第二接触面1-2，第一接触面5-1与第二接触面1-2压紧贴合，并能够沿竖直方向相对移动。
当弹簧减振档5与轴箱1配合的摩擦面，以及摆动块6、弹簧减振档5、第一导框2的配合面磨耗后，摆动块6倾斜角度变大，能够使减振性能及纵向定位刚度增强。
当然，接触板5-7的竖直面也可以直接形成第一接触面5-1，然后与轴箱1侧面的第二接触面1-2压紧贴合，并能够沿竖直方向相对移动。
请参考图13、图14，图13为图3中所示轴箱的结构示意图；图14为图13所示轴箱的俯视图。
如图所示，轴箱1内可设置为圆弧型直接与轴承配合，此外，轴箱1内还可设置承载鞍9及橡胶垫10的不同组合方案。
轴箱1每侧的弹簧4为不等高的内、外圆弹簧组成，空车时外簧承载，重车时内外簧共同承载，也可以空车内簧承载，重车时内外簧共同承载，还可以内、外簧等高，空重车时内外圆弹簧均承载。
上述实施例仅是本发明的优选方案，具体并不局限于此，在此基础上可根据实际需要作出具有针对性的调整，从而得到不同的实施方式。例如：
在第二实施例中，左端轮对的两侧对称设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5(见图15、图16)。
在第三实施例中，转向架在左端轮对的外侧设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5(见图17)。
在第四实施例中，转向架在右端轮对的内侧设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5，并在轴箱1内设置有承载鞍9(见图18)。
在第五实施例中，转向架在左端轮对的外侧设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5，并在轴箱1内设置有承载鞍9(见图19)。
在第六实施例中，转向架在左端轮对的外侧设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5，并在轴箱1内设置有承载鞍9和橡胶垫10(见图20)。
在第七实施例中，转向架在右端轮对的内侧设置摆动块6及弹簧减振档5，并在轴箱1内设置有承载鞍9和橡胶垫10(见图21)。
也就是说，在不同的实施例中，既可以在轴箱1内设置承载鞍9，也可以在轴箱1内设置承载鞍9和橡胶垫10，以满足不同的性能需要。
如图22、图23所示，在另外一些实施例中，摆动块6的两端设有销轴孔6-2，其上端通过销轴与第一导框2连接，其下端通过销轴与弹簧减振档5连接，同样能够实现摆动和传递压力的功能，而且在采用销轴连接的基础上，可以同时采用上述实施例中的圆柱面配合结构，例如，可以上端采用销轴连接，下端采用圆柱面配合结构，或者，上端采用圆柱面配合 结构，下端采用销轴连接，后者，上端和下端都采用圆柱面配合结构和销轴连接。
由于可能实现的方式较多，这里就不再一一举例说明。
本发明提供的轴箱悬挂装置，通过摆动块6的倾斜角度将弹簧4的垂向力转化为水平分力作用在弹簧减振档5上，通过弹簧减振档5作用在轴箱1侧面，使轴箱1两侧产生正压力。由于轴箱1安装在轮对轴承上，为簧下件，弹簧减振档5、摆动块6、第一导框2、第二导框3及构架7等均为簧上件，车辆运行中产生垂向振动时，轴箱1相对弹簧减振档5等簧上件产生垂直位移，在轴箱1两侧水平分力作用下产生摩擦阻力，产生阻尼作用，实现减振功能，能够有效提升车辆动力学性能，实现技术升级，确保车辆动力学性能持续稳定，安全性、可靠性高，且车辆性能不因磨耗而下降，具有更好的纵向定位功能。
除了上述轴箱悬挂装置，本发明还提供一种转向架，主要由构架7、悬挂装置11、轮对12以及旁承13等组成，可以是单轴转向架、二轴转向架，亦可为三轴转向架、四轴转向架或五轴等其他等多个轴的转向架，其中至少一个悬挂装置11为上文所描述的轴箱悬挂装置，轴箱悬挂装置的第一导框2和第二导框3的顶面与构架7的侧梁下盖板焊接为整体结构。
如果为二轴或多轴转向架，则较为优选的是其左、右两端部轮对设置有上文所述的轴箱悬挂装置，且轴箱悬挂装置的摆动块及弹簧减振档位于左、右两端部轮对的内侧或外侧。
当然，上文所述的轴箱悬挂装置也可以设置在转向架的其他位置，以三轴转向架端部轮对处为例，可设置在转向架两端部轮对处，亦可设置在端部轮对和中间轮对处。
由于在对轴箱悬挂装置进行说明的过程中，已经对转向架的结构一并进行了说明，这里就不再重复描述。
以上对本发明所提供的轴箱悬挂装置及转向架进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轴箱悬挂装置，包括轴箱和分别位于所述轴箱两侧的导框，所述导框与所述轴箱的弹簧承载部之间分别设有弹簧，其特征在于，所述导框中的一者或两者与所述弹簧之间设有摆动块和弹簧减振档；所述摆动块的上端与所述导框以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，所述摆动块的下端与所述弹簧减振档以具有转动自由度的方式相配合，且所述摆动块与竖向方向之间具有倾斜的角度，其下端偏向于所述轴箱；所述弹簧减振档在对应于所述轴箱的一侧设有第一接触面，并通过所述第一接触面压紧贴合于所述轴箱侧面的第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够相对移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述摆动块的两端分别设有支撑用圆柱面，所述导框的内顶部和所述弹簧减振档的顶部分别设有凹形圆弧面；所述摆动块的上端通过圆柱面与所述导框的凹形圆弧面相配合，所述摆动块的下端通过圆柱面与所述弹簧减振档的凹形圆弧面相配合；
    和/或，所述摆动块的两端设有销轴孔，其上端通过销轴与所述导框连接，其下端通过销轴与所述弹簧减振档连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述弹簧减振档设有侧立的接触板，所述接触板的竖直面形成所述第一接触面，所述轴箱侧面的竖直面形成所述第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够沿竖直方向相对移动；或者，
    所述弹簧减振档设有侧立的接触板，所述接触板的竖直面设有凹槽，所述凹槽内镶装有磨耗板，所述磨耗板的竖直面形成所述第一接触面，所述轴箱侧面的竖直面形成所述第二接触面，所述第一接触面与第二接触面能够沿竖直方向相对移动。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述弹簧减振档的底部放置于弹簧的上平面，其底面上设有从上端伸入弹簧的空心圆柱体。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述弹簧减振档的主体部分呈圆盘形，其顶部具有第一顶面和第二顶面，所述第二顶面高于所述第一顶面且所述第二顶面处于邻近所述第一接触面的一侧，所述 第一顶面与第二顶面之间为过渡斜面，所述弹簧减振档的凹形圆弧面位于所述过渡斜面。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述摆动块的侧向投影呈两头尺寸大于中间尺寸的哑铃形状或两头尺寸与中间尺寸相同的等宽形状。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述设有摆动块和弹簧减振档的导框呈开口向下的罩体形状，其邻近所述轴箱的一侧设有向下延伸的侧壁部，所述侧壁部开设有供所述弹簧减振档横向穿过的框口。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的轴箱悬挂装置，其特征在于，所述两个导框中仅一个导框与其弹簧之间设有所述摆动块及弹簧减振档；和/或，所述导框内设有单个所述摆动块。
  9. 一种转向架，包括构架总成、悬挂装置、轮对以及旁承，其特征在于，所述悬挂装置包括上述权利要求1至8中任一项所述的轴箱悬挂装置，所述轴箱悬挂装置的导框顶面与所述构架总成的侧梁下盖板焊接为整体结构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的转向架，其特征在于，为二轴或多轴转向架，其左、右两端部轮对设置有所述轴箱悬挂装置，且所述轴箱悬挂装置的摆动块及弹簧减振档位于所述左、右两端部轮对的内侧或外侧。
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