WO2022204992A1 - 电机转子、电机及电动汽车 - Google Patents

电机转子、电机及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022204992A1
WO2022204992A1 PCT/CN2021/084116 CN2021084116W WO2022204992A1 WO 2022204992 A1 WO2022204992 A1 WO 2022204992A1 CN 2021084116 W CN2021084116 W CN 2021084116W WO 2022204992 A1 WO2022204992 A1 WO 2022204992A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron core
permanent magnet
web
motor rotor
back yoke
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/084116
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
耿伟伟
毋超强
陈金华
周朝
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
南京理工大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司, 南京理工大学 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to CN202180090192.8A priority Critical patent/CN116848756A/zh
Priority to EP21933673.2A priority patent/EP4300775A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/084116 priority patent/WO2022204992A1/zh
Publication of WO2022204992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022204992A1/zh
Priority to US18/477,314 priority patent/US20240039350A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2798Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets where both axial sides of the stator face a rotor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/10Air crafts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular, to a motor rotor, a motor and an electric vehicle.
  • Axial flux motor is also called disk permanent magnet motor. Due to its large air gap plane and compact structure, it has the characteristics of high torque density and high power density, and the axial flux motor is small in size, light in weight and widely used in It is used in mechanical engineering such as electric vehicles and aircraft propulsion systems.
  • the axial flux motor includes a stator and a motor rotor.
  • the stator is a coil
  • the motor rotor is a permanent magnet or a disk with a permanent magnet.
  • the reluctance torque of the rotor of the axial flux motor is small, which makes the torque output capability of the motor poor, resulting in insufficient power of the axial flux motor, large amount of permanent magnets, and high cost.
  • the application provides a motor rotor, a motor and an electric vehicle, and the application can increase the reluctance torque of the motor rotor to improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the present application provides a motor rotor, comprising an iron core back yoke, a web and at least two permanent magnets, the iron core back yoke is disc-shaped, and the iron core back yoke includes an axial direction and a circumferential direction, At least two of the permanent magnets are fixedly connected to the back yoke of the iron core, and are distributed in sequence along the circumferential direction, the spokes are located between the adjacent permanent magnets, and the reluctance of the spokes is less than The reluctance of air or of the webs is less than that of the permanent magnet material.
  • the web and the iron core back yoke can be integrally formed, which reduces the installation process, and the structure is simple and the integral structure enables the motor rotor to have high structural strength and good stability.
  • the web and the back yoke of the iron core can also be in a separate structure, and the web is fixed to the back yoke of the iron core by means of bonding or the like.
  • the web can be made of the same material as the iron core back yoke or other materials with small magnetic resistance, which is not limited in this application.
  • both the core back yoke and the webs can be soft magnetic materials.
  • Permanent magnet materials include AlNiCo permanent magnet alloys, FeCrCo permanent magnet alloys, permanent magnet ferrites, rare earth permanent magnet materials and composite permanent magnet materials.
  • the magnetoresistance of different permanent magnet materials is different.
  • the magnetoresistance of the web is smaller than the magnetoresistance of the permanent magnet material in this application means that the magnetoresistance of the web is smaller than the magnetoresistance of the permanent magnet material with the smallest magnetoresistance.
  • a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit is reserved between adjacent permanent magnets, and a web whose reluctance is smaller than that of air or permanent magnet material is arranged on the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit, that is, a web is arranged between adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the motor is mainly used to output torque. If the torque is too small and the power is insufficient, the object to be brought cannot be carried.
  • Reluctance torque is a kind of torque, and improving the utilization rate of reluctance torque can improve the overall torque output capability of the motor.
  • the reluctance torque is related to the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance. The greater the difference between the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance, the more obvious the salient pole effect of the motor, and the greater the reluctance torque. If there is no web, there will be air or permanent magnets in other magnetization directions between two adjacent permanent magnets (permanent magnets in other magnetization directions are permanent magnet materials), and the reluctance of both air and permanent magnet materials is relatively large.
  • the quadrature axis inductance can be increased, that is, the difference between the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance can be increased. , which can effectively increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the motor torque includes reluctance torque and permanent magnet torque.
  • the motor rotor of the present application has a simple structure, a more flexible design, and can better meet the diverse performance requirements of the motor in different application scenarios.
  • the dimension of the web in the axial direction is larger than the dimension of the web in the circumferential direction.
  • Part of the direct-axis magnetic circuit passes through the web in the circumferential direction, so the web can also increase the direct-axis inductance.
  • the increase of the shaft inductance is greater than that of the straight-axis inductance, so that the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the straight-axis inductance can be increased, the reluctance torque can be increased, and the torque output capability of the motor can be improved.
  • the number of the webs between two adjacent permanent magnets is at least two, and they are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction.
  • the increase of permanent magnet material can enhance the magnetization effect and increase the motor torque, and the air or permanent magnet material will increase.
  • the increase of magnetic materials can reduce the direct-axis inductance and increase the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance, so as to increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the motor rotor further includes a first permanent magnet, the first permanent magnet is located between the permanent magnet and the web, and the reluctance of the web is smaller than the first permanent magnet Reluctance of permanent magnets.
  • the permanent magnets are magnetized along the axial direction, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the first permanent magnet is magnetized along the circumferential direction, and the two adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized along the circumferential direction.
  • the magnetization directions of at least two first permanent magnets between the two permanent magnets are the same. This combination of permanent magnets with different magnetization directions and the first permanent magnets can effectively improve the magnetization effect of the motor rotor and improve the air quality.
  • the gap density can be reduced, and the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet can be reduced. If there is no web, the first permanent magnet will occupy the space between the two adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the first permanent magnet has a larger magnetic resistance, a small quadrature-axis inductance, and a small difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance.
  • the torque will be smaller, which is not conducive to improving the torque output capability of the motor.
  • a web having a magnetic resistance smaller than that of the first permanent magnet is arranged between two adjacent permanent magnets, and the first permanent magnet is located between the permanent magnet and the web, which can effectively increase the quadrature inductance. Improve the utilization of the reluctance torque of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet is a fan-shaped structure, and the inner arc and the outer arc of the permanent magnet of the fan-shaped structure are concentric with the iron core (ie, the center of the circle is the same).
  • the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment of the permanent magnet of the sector structure can be respectively parallel to the radial direction of the iron core, or an included angle is set between the first straight line end and the second straight line segment and the radial direction of the iron core, there are It is beneficial to reduce the torque ripple and improve the vibration and noise of the motor.
  • the permanent magnets are evenly embedded in the accommodating cavity reserved in the iron core.
  • the permanent magnets are magnetized along the axial direction, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the structure of the permanent magnet is not limited to a fan shape, and the permanent magnet can also be of other shapes, which can be specifically set as required.
  • the first permanent magnet may be fan-shaped or rectangular.
  • the first permanent magnet is evenly embedded in the space reserved in the iron core, that is, the first permanent magnet is embedded in the space between the iron core pole piece and the iron core web.
  • the first permanent magnets are magnetized along the circumferential direction, the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnets on both sides of the web are the same, and the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets and the first permanent magnets are in the same direction as the permanent magnets and the first permanent magnets.
  • the adjacent iron core pole pieces gather.
  • the web includes a limiting surface, and the limiting surface is in contact with the first permanent magnet, so as to fix the web and the first permanent magnet in the axial direction. magnet.
  • the first permanent magnet is located between the permanent magnet and the web. If there is no limit surface, the first permanent magnet will move in the axial direction, which will be detrimental to the structural stability of the motor rotor.
  • the web includes a main body part and a limiting part, the main body part is connected to the iron core back yoke, and the limiting part is located at a part of the main body part away from the iron core back yoke. side, the limiting surface is located at the limiting portion.
  • the size of the limiting portion is larger than that of the main body portion, the main body portion and the limiting portion form a stepped structure, and the limiting surface is also the stepped surface of the stepped structure.
  • the first permanent magnet is located between the permanent magnet and the web. In this embodiment, by setting a limit surface on the web, the position of the first permanent magnet can be limited in the axial direction, so that the first permanent magnet is more stable and cannot be placed on the web. Moving in the axial direction increases the overall stability of the motor.
  • the web includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other, the first end is connected to the iron core back yoke, and the size of the web is from the first end to the second end.
  • the second end gradually increases, and the limiting surface is a connecting surface between the first end and the second end.
  • the core webs may have an inverted trapezoidal structure.
  • the webs may be in contact with the permanent magnets, and the webs may also be spaced from the permanent magnets. When the webs and the permanent magnets are spaced apart, the space between the webs and the permanent magnets may be air or other structural members (such as the first permanent magnet), and the size of the webs is gradually limited from the first end to the second end.
  • the space formed between the permanent magnet and the iron core web is large at the end close to the iron core back yoke, and the end away from the iron core back yoke is small in size, so that when the first permanent magnet is arranged between the permanent magnet and the web, the The connecting surface between one end and the second end (that is, the limiting surface) can limit the position of the first permanent magnet arranged between the permanent magnet and the web in the axial direction, so that the connection between the permanent magnet and the web is limited.
  • the first permanent magnet arranged between the two is more stable and cannot move in the axial direction, thereby increasing the overall stability of the motor.
  • the space between the iron core web and the iron core pole piece can be a trapezoidal structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, that is, the space between the iron core web plate and the iron core pole piece can be embedded.
  • the first permanent magnet in between may have a trapezoidal structure.
  • the web includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other and a connecting portion located between the first end and the second end, the first end and the The iron core is connected to the back yoke, the dimension from the first end to the connection part is gradually reduced, the dimension from the second end to the connection part is gradually reduced, and the limit surface is the second end and the connection part.
  • the connecting surface between the connecting parts can be a dumbbell-like structure with large ends and a small middle.
  • the space between the webs and the permanent magnets can be air or other structural members (for example, the first permanent magnets).
  • the space formed between the permanent magnets and the webs of the iron core is small in size at one end away from the back yoke of the iron core, so that when the first permanent magnet is arranged between the permanent magnets and the webs, the connection surface between the second end and the connecting part (ie Limiting surface) can limit the position of the first permanent magnet in the axial direction, so that the first permanent magnet arranged between the permanent magnet and the web is more stable, cannot move in the axial direction, and increases the overall stability of the motor sex.
  • the space between the iron core web and the iron core pole piece can be in a structure where the two ends are small and the middle large, that is, embedded in the iron core web and the iron core pole piece.
  • the first permanent magnet in between can be in a structure with two ends being small and the middle being large.
  • the motor rotor further includes an iron core pole piece and a lap joint
  • the iron core pole piece is located on the side of the permanent magnet away from the iron core back yoke
  • the lap joint part connects the The iron core pole piece and the spoke plate
  • the first permanent magnet is located between the lap joint and the iron core back yoke. That is, the lap joint blocks the opening between the iron core pole piece and the web, the left and right sides of the first permanent magnet are the iron core pole piece and the web respectively, the upper side of the first permanent magnet is the lap joint, and the lower side is the lap joint.
  • the iron core pole piece and the web limit the first permanent magnet in the circumferential direction, so that the first permanent magnet cannot move in the circumferential direction, and the lap joint is in the axial direction to the first permanent magnet. Limiting the position makes the first permanent magnet more stable and cannot move in the axial direction, thereby increasing the overall stability of the motor.
  • the direct-axis inductance can be reduced, and the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance can be increased, so as to increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the motor rotor includes an elastic connecting piece, and the elastic connecting piece connects at least two of the first permanent magnets.
  • the at least two first permanent magnets are connected together by elastic connecting pieces, and the elastic connecting pieces are retractable so that at least two first permanent magnets can be installed at the same time, which can improve the installation efficiency and simplify the installation process.
  • the motor rotor further includes a first permanent magnet
  • the first permanent magnet includes a first magnetic part, a second magnetic part and a third magnetic part which are connected in sequence
  • the web includes opposite The first end and the second end are provided, and the first side part and the second side part are located between the first end and the second end, and the first end is connected with the iron core back yoke, so The second magnetic portion is located at the second end, the first magnetic portion is located at the first side portion, and the third magnetic portion is located at the second side portion.
  • the first permanent magnet is a U-shaped structure, and the first permanent magnet of the U-shaped structure is inverted on the web, so that the permanent magnet structures on both sides of the web (the first magnetic part and the third magnetic part) connected as a whole, easy installation and accurate positioning.
  • the motor rotor further includes a first permanent magnet
  • the first permanent magnet includes a first magnetic part, a second magnetic part and a third magnetic part which are connected in sequence
  • the web includes opposite provided first and second ends, and first and second sides positioned between the first and second ends, the core back yoke, the first end and the The second ends are arranged in sequence in the axial direction
  • the second magnetic part is located between the first end and the iron core back yoke
  • the first magnetic part is located at the first side part, so
  • the third magnetic portion is located on the second side portion.
  • the first permanent magnet is a U-shaped structure
  • the web is located in the first permanent magnet of the U-shaped structure. The web can limit the position of the first permanent magnet in the axial direction, preventing The movement of the first permanent magnet in the axial direction causes a problem that the structure of the motor rotor is unstable.
  • the motor rotor further includes a first permanent magnet, the first permanent magnet includes a first magnetic part, a second magnetic part and a third magnetic part connected in sequence, and the web plate includes a first magnetic part, a second magnetic part and a third magnetic part.
  • a plate and a second plate, the first plate and the second plate are spaced apart in the axial direction, the first plate is connected with the iron core back yoke, and the second magnetic part is located in the Between the first plate and the second plate, the first magnetic part and the third magnetic part are located on opposite sides of the web.
  • the first permanent magnet is an H-shaped structure
  • the second magnetic portion of the first permanent magnet of the H-shaped structure is located between the first plate and the second plate, and the second plate can be in the axial direction.
  • the first permanent magnet has a limiting effect on the upper part to prevent the problem that the structure of the motor rotor is unstable due to the movement of the first permanent magnet in the axial direction.
  • the motor rotor further includes an iron core pole piece and a magnetic isolation bridge, the iron core pole piece and the iron core back yoke are spaced apart, and the magnetic isolation bridge connects the iron core pole piece and the magnetic isolation bridge.
  • the iron core back yoke, the iron core pole piece, the magnetic isolation bridge and the iron core back yoke are surrounded to form a accommodating cavity, and the permanent magnet is located in the accommodating cavity.
  • the number of iron core pole pieces is the same as the number of permanent magnets
  • the iron core pole pieces are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the iron core back yoke
  • the iron core pole pieces and the iron core back yoke are arranged at intervals in the axial direction
  • the two magnetic isolation The bridge is located on the lower side of the opposite ends of the iron core pole piece, and the magnetic isolation bridge connects the iron core pole piece and the iron core back yoke, so that the iron core pole piece, the magnetic isolation bridge and the iron core back yoke are formed together to form a accommodating cavity.
  • the installation accuracy of the permanent magnets can be improved, the installation and positioning of the permanent magnets can be realized, the assembly process is simplified, and the permanent magnets only need to be installed into the accommodating cavity of matching size during installation, which improves the installation accuracy and installation efficiency, and the assembly and fixing are simple.
  • the iron core pole piece, the magnetic isolation bridge and the iron core back yoke can be of a split structure, and the iron core pole piece magnetic isolation bridge is fixed to the iron core back yoke by bonding or the like, or, the iron core pole piece and the magnetic isolation bridge can also be
  • the back yoke and the iron core can also have an integrated structure, which reduces the installation process, the structure is simple, and the integrated structure enables the motor rotor to have high structural strength and good stability.
  • the iron core pole piece will generate quadrature axis inductance, which can increase the difference between the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance, which can effectively increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor.
  • the iron core pole piece is on the surface of the permanent magnet, the eddy current coefficient of the iron core pole piece is relatively low, and it is close to the position of the air gap, which can reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet.
  • the iron core pole piece is a part of the magnetic circuit. If the iron core pole piece is not installed, the position of the iron core pole piece will now be the air. The reluctance of the air is large, which will lead to a significant reduction in the torque of the motor, which is not conducive to improving the The torque output capability of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet is arranged between the iron core back yoke and the iron core pole piece to form a motor rotor with a built-in structure.
  • the built-in structure of the motor rotor has obvious salient pole effect and has the advantage of generating a large reluctance torque. .
  • making the permanent magnets built-in can increase the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and improve the salient pole effect of the motor.
  • the magnets play a protective role so that the permanent magnets are not easily demagnetized.
  • the permanent magnets in the motor rotor are installed in the accommodating cavity, so that the structure of the motor rotor is firm, and the permanent magnets will not cause the structure of the motor rotor to be unstable when subjected to centrifugal force and magnetic pulling force.
  • the built-in permanent magnets can also make full use of the reluctance torque generated by the asymmetry of the rotor magnetic circuit of the motor, and can improve the torque output capability of the motor without increasing the amount of permanent magnets.
  • the number of iron core pole pieces and permanent magnets can also be two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, etc., depending on the structure, size and requirements of the motor. Performance settings, which are not limited in this application.
  • the dimension of the web in the axial direction is greater than the distance from the surface of the iron core pole piece facing away from the permanent magnet to the iron core back yoke.
  • the size of the web in the axial direction is limited to be greater than the distance from the surface of the iron core pole piece facing away from the permanent magnet to the back yoke of the iron core, so as to increase the size of the web in the axial direction, thereby reducing the length of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit.
  • Reluctance increase quadrature inductance, improve the utilization of reluctance torque.
  • the present application provides a motor including a stator, a rotating shaft and the motor rotor according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, the motor rotor is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the stator is mounted on the rotating shaft. Specifically, the stator and the two motor rotors are coaxially connected through the rotating shaft.
  • the number of motor rotors may be one, and one motor rotor and stator form a single-stator and single-rotor motor. In other embodiments, the number of motor rotors may also be two, and the stator is located between the two motor rotors to form a single-stator double-rotor motor.
  • the two rotors in the single-stator double-rotor motor are arranged symmetrically, and the magnetization directions of the respective permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the stator may have an iron-core yoke, a yokeless one, or an iron-coreless one.
  • the motor of the present application can be an axial flux motor.
  • the axial flux motor has the characteristics of high torque density and high power density due to its large air gap plane and compact structure, and the axial flux motor is small in size and weight. It is light and widely used in mechanical engineering such as electric vehicles and aircraft propulsion systems.
  • the present application provides an electric vehicle, comprising a transmission shaft, a wheel and the motor according to the second aspect, the transmission shaft connecting the motor and the wheel.
  • the motor outputs torque, and the mechanical energy of the motor is transmitted to the wheels through the transmission shaft to drive the wheels to rotate.
  • the motor converts the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy, and drives the wheels and working devices through the transmission, or directly drives the wheels and working devices.
  • the motor is used to output mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy of the motor is transmitted to the wheel through the transmission shaft to drive the wheel to rotate.
  • a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit is reserved between adjacent permanent magnets, and a web whose reluctance is smaller than that of air or permanent magnet material is arranged on the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit, that is, a web is arranged between adjacent permanent magnets.
  • the motor torque includes reluctance torque and permanent magnet torque. It can be understood that when the required motor torque is fixed, increasing the reluctance torque can reduce the permanent magnet torque accordingly. Reducing the amount of permanent magnets is beneficial to saving manufacturing costs.
  • a motor rotor with built-in structure can be formed by arranging the permanent magnet between the iron core back yoke and the iron core pole piece.
  • the built-in permanent magnets can also make full use of the reluctance torque generated by the asymmetry of the rotor magnetic circuit of the motor, and can improve the torque output capability of the motor without increasing the amount of permanent magnets.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an iron core of a motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a motor rotor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a direct-axis magnetic circuit of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an iron core of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an iron core of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an iron core of another motor rotor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of a rotor of a motor provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientation terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present application such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “inner”, “outer”, etc., only refer to the directions of the drawings, therefore, use The orientation terms are for better and clearer description and understanding of the embodiments of the present application, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a Limitations of application examples.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle 10 .
  • the electric vehicle 10 includes a chassis 20 , a battery 30 , a propeller shaft 40 , wheels 50 and a motor 60 .
  • the electric vehicle 10 is a vehicle powered by an on-board power supply (the on-board power supply can be the battery 30 ) and driven by the motor 60 to drive the wheels.
  • the electric vehicle 10 has the advantages of non-polluting, renewable, low noise, high energy efficiency, diversification, simple structure and convenient maintenance. , is the future development direction of transportation.
  • the battery 30 provides electrical energy for the motor 60 of the electric vehicle 10 , and the motor 60 converts the electrical energy of the battery 30 into mechanical energy, and drives the wheels 50 and the working device through the transmission device, or directly drives the wheels 50 and the working device.
  • the electric vehicle 10 drives the vehicle by electricity, and therefore, the motor 60 and the battery 30 become the key factors affecting its power performance, battery life, safety and reliability.
  • the battery 30 and the motor 60 are located on the chassis 20, the battery 30 provides electrical energy for the motor 60, and the motor 60 converts the electrical energy of the battery 30 into mechanical energy.
  • the transmission shaft 40 connects the motor 60 and the wheel 50 , the motor 60 outputs mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy of the motor 60 is transmitted to the wheel 50 through the transmission shaft 40 to drive the wheel 50 to rotate.
  • the motor 60 of the present application can be an axial flux motor.
  • the axial flux motor has the characteristics of high torque density and high power density due to its large air gap plane and compact structure, and the axial flux motor is small in size, It is light in weight and widely used in mechanical engineering such as electric vehicles and aircraft propulsion systems.
  • the motor 60 may also be other types of motors, which are not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor 60 .
  • the motor 60 includes a stator 601 , a rotating shaft 602 and a motor rotor 61 , and the stator 601 is coaxially connected with the motor rotor 61 .
  • the number of the motor rotors 61 may be two, and the stator 601 is located between the two motor rotors 61 to form a single-stator double-rotor motor 60 .
  • the motor rotor 61 is mounted on the rotating shaft 602, and the stator 601 is mounted on the rotating shaft 602, that is, the stator 601 and the two motor rotors 61 are coaxially connected through the rotating shaft 602, and an air gap is formed between the stator 601 and the two motor rotors 61.
  • the two rotors in the single-stator and double-rotor motor 60 are mirror-symmetrical, and the magnetization directions of the respective permanent magnets are opposite.
  • the stator 601 may have an iron-core yoke, may be yokeless, or may be ironless.
  • the number of motor rotors 61 may also be one, and one motor rotor 61 and one stator 601 form a single-stator and single-rotor motor 60 .
  • the motor rotor 61 on the right side of the stator 601 and the motor rotor 61 on the left side have the same structure and are mirror-symmetrical, and the motor rotor 61 on the right side of the stator 601 has the same structure. It can be seen as the structure after the motor rotor 61 on the left is assembled. That is, the motor rotor 61 on the right has been assembled, and the motor rotor 61 on the left has not yet been assembled in order to reflect the structure before assembly.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a motor rotor 61 .
  • the motor rotor 61 of the present application has a large reluctance torque, which can effectively improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 , and the motor rotor of the embodiment of the present application 61 has simple structure, low installation difficulty and high assembly precision.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the motor rotor 61 .
  • the motor rotor 61 includes a housing 62 , an iron core 63 , at least two permanent magnets 64 and a first permanent magnet 65 . At least two permanent magnets 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 are mounted on the iron core 63 , and the iron core 63 is mounted in the casing 62 and fixed in the casing 62 by gluing, injection molding, or the like.
  • the casing 62 can protect the iron core 63, the permanent magnets 64 and the first permanent magnets 65, and prevent the iron core 63, the permanent magnets 64 and the first permanent magnets 65 from being damaged during transportation, installation and operation, thereby affecting the performance of the motor rotor 61.
  • the casing 62 can enhance the structural strength of the motor rotor 61 and reduce the influence of the centrifugal force of the motor rotor 61 on the structure of the motor rotor 61 when the motor rotor 61 is running at a high speed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the iron core 63 of the motor rotor 61
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the motor rotor 61
  • the iron core 63 includes an iron core back yoke 631 , a web 632 and an iron core pole piece 633 .
  • the iron core back yoke 631 is in the shape of a disc with a hole in the center of the disc shape.
  • the iron core back yoke 631 includes a circumferential direction A1 and an axial direction A2.
  • At least two permanent magnets 64 are fixed to the core back yoke 631 and are distributed in sequence along the circumferential direction A1 at intervals, and the webs 632 are located between adjacent permanent magnets 64 . In other words, the permanent magnets 64 are also located between two adjacent webs 632 .
  • a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit is reserved between two adjacent permanent magnets 64, that is, the web 632 is located on the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit.
  • the webs 632 and the core back yoke 631 can be a separate structure, and the webs 632 are fixed to the core back yoke 631 by bonding or the like, or the webs 632 can also be integrated with the core back yoke 631, which reduces installation.
  • the process, the structure is simple, and the one-piece structure enables the iron core 63 to have the advantages of high structural strength and good stability.
  • the web 632 can be made of the same material as the core back yoke 631 or other materials with small magnetic resistance.
  • both the core back yoke 631 and the web 632 can be made of soft magnetic materials.
  • the reluctance of the web 632 is less than that of air or the reluctance of the web 632 is less than that of the permanent magnet material.
  • the permanent magnets 64 are usually permanent magnets or air.
  • webs with a magnetic resistance smaller than air or permanent magnets are provided between the adjacent permanent magnets 64. 632.
  • Both the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 are permanent magnet materials, and the permanent magnet materials include alnico permanent magnet alloys, iron chromium cobalt permanent magnet alloys, permanent magnet ferrites, rare earth permanent magnet materials and composite permanent magnet materials, etc. .
  • the magnetoresistance of different permanent magnet materials will be different.
  • the magnetoresistance of the web 632 is smaller than the magnetoresistance of the permanent magnet material in this application means that the magnetoresistance of the web 632 is smaller than the magnetoresistance of the permanent magnet material with the smallest magnetoresistance.
  • a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit is reserved between adjacent permanent magnets 64 , and a web 632 whose reluctance is smaller than that of air or permanent magnet material is arranged on the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit, that is, between adjacent permanent magnets 64 .
  • the provision of the spokes 632 can reduce the reluctance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and increase the quadrature-axis inductance, so as to increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the motor 60 is mainly used for outputting torque. If the torque is too small and the power is insufficient, the object to be carried cannot be carried.
  • the reluctance torque is a kind of torque, and improving the utilization rate of the reluctance torque can improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 as a whole.
  • the reluctance torque is related to the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance. The greater the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance, the more obvious the salient pole effect of the motor 60 and the greater the reluctance torque.
  • the quadrature-axis inductance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit can be increased, that is, the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit can be increased.
  • the difference between the inductance and the direct-axis inductance can effectively increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the motor torque includes reluctance torque and permanent magnet torque. It can be understood that when the required motor torque is fixed, increasing the reluctance torque can reduce the permanent magnet torque accordingly. Reducing the amount of the permanent magnet 64 is beneficial to save the manufacturing cost.
  • the motor rotor 61 of the present application has a simple structure, more flexible design, and more controllable parameters, and can better meet the diversified performance requirements of the motor in different application scenarios.
  • the iron core pole piece 633 is not provided, only the permanent magnets 64 are arranged on the iron core back yoke 631 at intervals, and the webs 632 are provided between the adjacent permanent magnets 64.
  • the webs 632 can also be It plays the role of reducing the magnetic resistance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and increasing the quadrature-axis inductance.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is not provided, but the permanent magnet 64 and the web 632 are spaced apart, that is, when there is air between the permanent magnet 64 and the web 632, the web 632 can also reduce
  • the magnetic resistance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit increases the function of quadrature-axis inductance, or the first permanent magnet 65 may not be provided, and the permanent magnet 64 is in contact with the web 632 .
  • the present application can also provide the iron core pole piece 633 and the first permanent magnet 65 to enhance the performance of the motor rotor 61 .
  • the rotor 61 of the motor is provided with the iron core pole piece 633 and the first permanent magnet 65 as an example for description.
  • the number of the iron core pole pieces 633 is the same as the number of the permanent magnets 64 , the iron core pole pieces 633 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction A1 of the iron core back yoke 631 , and the iron core pole pieces 633 and the iron core back yoke 631 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction A2 .
  • a magnetic isolation bridge 634 is arranged between the iron core pole piece 633 and the iron core back yoke 631 , the two magnetic isolation bridges 634 are located on the lower sides of opposite ends of the iron core pole piece 633 , and the magnetic isolation bridge 634 connects the iron core pole piece 633 and the iron core back yoke 631 , so that the iron core pole piece 633 , the magnetic isolation bridge 634 and the iron core back yoke 631 are formed together to form an accommodating cavity 635 , and the permanent magnet 64 is installed in the accommodating cavity 635 .
  • the accommodating cavity 635 by arranging the accommodating cavity 635, the installation accuracy of the permanent magnet 64 can be improved, the installation and positioning of the permanent magnet 64 can be realized, and the assembly process can be simplified.
  • reinforcing ribs can be provided on the surface of the magnetic isolation bridge 634 facing the web 622 and the surface of the iron core pole piece facing the web 632 to enhance the overall structural strength of the iron core 61 .
  • the magnetic isolation bridge 634 may not be provided, and the iron core pole piece 633 is separated from the iron core back yoke 631. Now the permanent magnet 64 is fixed to the iron core back yoke 631, and then the iron core pole piece 633 is fixed to the iron core back yoke 631. on the permanent magnet 64 .
  • the iron core pole piece 633, the magnetic isolation bridge 634 and the iron core back yoke 631 can be of a split structure, and the iron core pole piece 633 and the magnetic isolation bridge 634 are fixed to the iron core back yoke 631 by bonding or the like, or, the iron core pole piece 633, the isolation
  • the magnetic bridge 634 can also be integrated with the iron core back yoke 631 , which reduces the installation process, the structure is simple, and the integrated structure enables the iron core 63 to have high structural strength and good stability.
  • the iron core pole piece 633 will generate quadrature axis inductance, which can increase the difference between the quadrature axis inductance and the direct axis inductance, can effectively increase the reluctance torque, and improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the iron core pole piece 633 is on the surface of the permanent magnet 64 , the eddy current coefficient of the iron core pole piece 633 is relatively low, and the iron core pole piece 633 is located near the air gap, which can reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet 64 .
  • the iron core pole piece 633 is a part of the magnetic circuit.
  • the position of the iron core pole piece 633 will now be the air, and the reluctance of the air is relatively large, which will cause the torque of the motor 60 to decrease significantly. , which is not conducive to improving the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnets 64 on the motor rotor 61 may be surface-mounted or built-in.
  • the surface-mounted motor rotor 61 is simple in structure, convenient in installation, small in size and light in weight. However, it is difficult to fix the permanent magnet 64 of the surface-mounted structure.
  • the permanent magnet 64 of the surface-mounted structure is subjected to centrifugal force and magnetic pulling force, which will cause the structure of the motor rotor 61 to be unstable, and the surface-mounted permanent magnet 64 will be unstable.
  • the motor rotor 61 with the same structure also has disadvantages such as the inability to utilize the reluctance torque, the large amount of the permanent magnet 64, and the large eddy current on the surface of the permanent magnet 64. Therefore, in this embodiment, a motor rotor 61 with a built-in structure can be formed by arranging the permanent magnet 64 between the core back yoke 631 and the core pole piece 633 . Produces the advantage of large reluctance torque. Specifically, the permanent magnet 64 is built in, the quadrature magnetic circuit can be increased, the salient pole effect of the motor 60 can be improved, the motor 60 can obtain better field weakening performance and a wider constant power range, and the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet 64 can be reduced.
  • the permanent magnets 64 in the motor rotor 61 are installed in the accommodating cavity 635, so that the structure of the motor rotor 61 is firm, and the permanent magnets 64 will not cause the structure of the motor rotor 61 to be unstable when subjected to centrifugal force and magnetic pull force.
  • the permanent magnet 64 is built-in, and the reluctance torque generated by the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit of the motor rotor 61 can be fully utilized, and the torque output capability of the motor 60 can be improved without increasing the amount of the permanent magnet 64 .
  • FIG. 4 only schematically shows that the number of iron core pole pieces 633 and permanent magnets 64 (that is, the accommodating cavity 635 ) is eight.
  • the number of accommodating chambers 635) can also be two, three, four, five, six, seven, nine, ten, etc., which can be specifically set according to the structure, size and required performance of the motor 60. The application is not limited.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is located between the permanent magnet 64 and the web 632 , and the reluctance of the web 632 is smaller than that of the first permanent magnet 65 . Understandably, the first permanent magnet 65 is a permanent magnet material. When the iron core pole piece 633 is provided, the first permanent magnet 65 is also located between the iron core pole piece 633 and the web 632 . If there is no web 632 , a complete first permanent magnet 65 will be occupied between two adjacent permanent magnets 64 , or there will be no first permanent magnet 65 but air between two adjacent permanent magnets 64 .
  • the reluctance of the first permanent magnet 65 is large, the quadrature inductance is small, the difference between the quadrature inductance and the direct inductance is small, and the reluctance torque is small, which is not conducive to improving the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is located between the permanent magnet 64 and the web 632, which can effectively The quadrature-axis inductance is increased to improve the utilization rate of the reluctance torque of the motor 60 .
  • the permanent magnet 64 may be a fan-shaped structure, and the outer arc 641 and the inner arc 642 of the permanent magnet 64 of the fan-shaped structure are concentric with the iron core 63 (ie, the center of the circle is the same).
  • the first straight section 643 and the second straight section 644 of the permanent magnet 64 in the sector-shaped structure may be parallel to the radial direction of the iron core 63 , respectively, or the first straight end 643 and the second straight section 644 may be parallel to the radial direction of the iron core 63 . There is an included angle between them, which is beneficial to reduce the torque ripple and improve the vibration and noise of the motor 60 .
  • the permanent magnets 64 are evenly embedded in the accommodating cavity 635 reserved in the iron core 63 .
  • the permanent magnets 64 are magnetized along the axial direction A2, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets 64 are opposite to each other. It should be noted that the structure of the permanent magnet 64 is not limited to a fan shape, and the permanent magnet 64 can also be of other shapes, which can be specifically set as required.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 may be fan-shaped or rectangular.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is evenly embedded in the space reserved in the iron core 63 , that is, the first permanent magnet 65 is embedded in the space between the iron core pole piece 633 and the iron core web 632 .
  • the first permanent magnets 65 are magnetized along the circumferential direction A1, the magnetization directions of the first permanent magnets 65 on both sides of the web 632 are the same, and the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets 64 and the first permanent magnets 65 are both directed to the same direction as the permanent magnets.
  • the core pole pieces 633 adjacent to the first permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 are gathered.
  • the permanent magnet 64 can be fixed to the accommodating cavity 635 by gluing or injection molding, or the first permanent magnet 65 can also be fixed to the core pole piece 633 and the web 632 by gluing or injection molding or injection molding. In between, the bonding strength of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 and the iron core 63 is enhanced, the structural strength of the motor rotor 61 is improved, and the structural stability of the motor 60 is enhanced.
  • a combination of permanent magnets 64 and first permanent magnets 65 with different magnetization directions is used.
  • the permanent magnets 64 are magnetized along the axial direction A2, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets 64 are opposite.
  • the first permanent magnets 65 are magnetized along the circumferential direction A1, and the magnetization directions of at least two first permanent magnets 65 between adjacent two permanent magnets 64 are the same. This kind of combination of different magnetization directions is adopted. This method can effectively improve the magnetization effect of the motor rotor 61 , increase the air gap density, and reduce the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 .
  • the top surface 645 of the permanent magnet 64 facing away from the core back yoke 631 is higher than the bottom surface 654 of the first permanent magnet 65 facing the core back yoke 631, so as to avoid permanent magnets. Magnetic flux leakage occurs when the top surface 645 of the magnet 64 facing away from the core back yoke 631 is smaller than or equal to the first permanent magnet 65 facing the bottom surface 654 of the core back yoke 631 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a straight-axis magnetic circuit of the motor 60
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit of the motor 60
  • the straight-axis magnetic circuit passes through the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65
  • the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit does not pass through the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 . Since the magnetic resistance of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 is relatively large, the direct-axis inductance is relatively small, while the magnetic resistance of the web 632 is relatively small (it can also be understood that the overall magnetic resistance of the iron core 63 is relatively small).
  • the quadrature-axis inductance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit of the 632 is relatively large, which makes the quadrature-axis inductance much larger than the direct-axis inductance, that is, the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance is large, the salient pole effect of the motor 60 is obvious, and the reluctance torque The increase is beneficial to improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the direct-axis magnetic circuit and the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit form a complete magnetic circuit through the iron core 63 of the motor rotor 61, the permanent magnet 64 and the stator iron core (not shown in the figure), which increases the main magnetic flux, reduces the magnetic flux leakage, and achieves a concentrated magnetic field.
  • the purpose is to improve the air gap magnetic density.
  • the directions of the magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 that are in contact with the same iron core pole piece 633 are both directed towards the iron core pole piece 633 or away from the iron core pole piece at the same time. 633, the application of the combination of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 can effectively improve the magnetization effect of the motor rotor 61, improve the air gap density, increase the torque output capacity of the motor, and can reduce the permanent magnet 64 and Eddy current loss of the first permanent magnet 65 .
  • the dimension D1 of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 is larger than the dimension D2 of the web 632 in the circumferential direction A1.
  • the web 632 can also increase the direct-axis inductance by defining that the size of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 is larger than that of the web 632 in the circumferential direction
  • the size of A1 can make the quadrature inductance increase more than the direct axis inductance, which can increase the difference between quadrature inductance and direct axis inductance, increase the reluctance torque, and improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the number of the webs 632 between two adjacent permanent magnets 64 may be one.
  • the number of webs 632 between adjacent permanent magnets 64 may also be two, and in other embodiments, the number of webs 632 between adjacent permanent magnets 64 may also be three or four etc., at least two webs 632 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction A1.
  • the adjacent webs 632 between two adjacent permanent magnets 64 may be air (that is, no other structures are placed between the adjacent webs) or the first permanent magnet 65 , depending on the number of webs 632 The increase of air or the first permanent magnet 65 will also increase.
  • the increase of the first permanent magnet 65 can enhance the magnetic concentration effect and increase the motor torque, and the increase of the air or the first permanent magnet 65 can reduce the direct-axis inductance and increase the The difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance increases the reluctance torque and improves the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor 61 of a motor.
  • the axial direction A2 at least two permanent magnets 64 are stacked and spaced apart.
  • the direct-axis inductance can be reduced, and the difference between the quadrature-axis inductance and the direct-axis inductance can be increased, so as to increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output of the motor 60 ability.
  • the dimension L1 of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 is greater than the distance L2 from the surface of the iron core pole piece 633 facing away from the permanent magnet 64 to the iron core back yoke 631 .
  • This embodiment increases the size of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 by limiting the dimension L1 of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 to be greater than the distance L2 from the surface of the iron core pole piece 633 facing away from the permanent magnet 64 to the core back yoke 631 , the reluctance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit can be reduced, the quadrature-axis inductance can be increased, the utilization rate of the reluctance torque can be improved, and the torque output capability of the motor 60 can be increased.
  • the dimension L1 of the web 632 in the axial direction A2 may also be less than or equal to the distance L2 from the surface of the iron core pole piece 633 facing away from the permanent magnet 64 to the iron core back yoke 631 .
  • the web 632 can limit the position of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2, the web 632 includes a limiting surface, and the limiting surface is in contact with the first permanent magnet 65 to fix the spoke in the axial direction A2. Plate 632 and first permanent magnet 65 .
  • the structure of the web 632 with the limiting surface includes but is not limited to the following three:
  • the web 632 includes a main body 6321, a limiting part 6322 and a limiting surface 6323, the main body 6321 is connected to the iron core back yoke 631, and the limiting part 6322 is located on the main body part 6321 away from the iron core back On one side of the yoke 631 , the limiting surface 6323 is located at the limiting portion 6322 , and the first permanent magnet 65 abuts against the limiting surface 6323 .
  • the size of the limiting portion 6322 is larger than that of the main body portion 6321 , the body portion 6321 and the limiting portion 6322 form a stepped structure, and the limiting surface 6323 is also a stepped surface of the stepped structure.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is located between the core pole piece 633 and the web 632 . In this embodiment, by disposing the limiting surface 6323 on the web 632, the first permanent magnet 65 can be limited in the axial direction A2, so that the first permanent magnet 65 is more stable and cannot move in the axial direction A2, increasing the The stability of the motor 60 as a whole.
  • the side of the iron core pole piece 633 close to the web 632 is also provided with a limit surface 6333, and the limit surface 6333 on the iron core pole piece 633 and the limit surface 6323 on the web 632 are aligned in the axial direction A2.
  • a permanent magnet 65 is limited to make the first permanent magnet 65 more stable.
  • the web 632 includes a first end 6324 and a second end 6325 disposed opposite to each other, and a connecting surface 605 located between the first end 6324 and the second end 6325 .
  • the first end 6324 is connected to the core back yoke 631 , the size of the web 632 gradually increases from the first end 6324 to the second end 6325 , and the limiting surface of the web 632 is the connecting surface 605 .
  • the core webs 632 may have an inverted trapezoidal structure.
  • the webs 632 may be in contact with the permanent magnets 64 , and the webs 632 may also be spaced from the permanent magnets 64 .
  • the space between the webs 632 and the permanent magnets 64 may be air or other structural members (for example, the first permanent magnets 65 ), and the size of the webs 632 is determined by the first permanent magnet 65 .
  • One end 6324 to the second end 6325 is gradually enlarged, so that the space formed between the permanent magnet 64, the iron core pole piece 633 and the iron core web 632 is larger in size at one end close to the iron core back yoke 631, and smaller in size at the end away from the iron core back yoke 631
  • the connecting surface 605 can limit the position of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2, so that the first permanent magnet 65 is more stable , it cannot move in the axial direction A2, which increases the stability of the motor 60 as a whole.
  • the space between the iron core web 632 and the iron core pole piece 633 can be a trapezoidal structure with a narrow upper part and a wide bottom, that is, the iron core web 632 is embedded in the
  • the first permanent magnet 65 between the iron core pole piece 633 can have a trapezoidal structure with an upper narrow and a lower width, and the first permanent magnet 65 is embedded between the iron core web 632 and the iron core pole piece 633, so the installation difficulty is low, the assembly and fixing are simple, and the positioning is accurate.
  • the web 632 includes a first end 6324 and a second end 6325 disposed opposite to each other and a connecting portion 6326 between the first end 6324 and the second end 6325, the second end 6325 and the connecting portion 6326 There are connecting surfaces 606 therebetween.
  • the first end 6324 is connected to the core back yoke 631, the size from the first end 6324 to the connecting portion 6326 is gradually reduced, and the size from the second end 6325 to the connecting portion 6326 is gradually reduced, and the limiting surface of the web 632 is the second Connection surface 606 between end 6325 and connecting portion 6326.
  • the web 632 may be a dumbbell-shaped structure with large ends and a small middle.
  • the space between the webs 632 and the permanent magnets 64 can be either air or the first permanent magnet 65.
  • the space formed between the magnets 64 and the iron core webs 632 has a small size at one end away from the iron core back yoke 631, so that when the first permanent magnet 65 is arranged between the permanent magnets 64 and the webs 632, the space between the second end 6325 and the connecting portion 6326 is small.
  • the connecting surface 606 between them can limit the position of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2 , so that the first permanent magnet 65 is more stable, cannot move in the axial direction A2 , and increases the overall stability of the motor 60 .
  • the space between the iron core web 632 and the iron core pole pieces 633 can be in a structure with both ends small and the middle large, that is, embedded in the iron core web 632 .
  • the first permanent magnet 65 between the iron core pole piece 633 may have a structure with small ends and a large middle.
  • the structural relationship between the first permanent magnet 65 and the web 632 in the present application is not limited to the two first permanent magnets 65 shown in FIG.
  • the structural relationship also includes but is not limited to the following three implementations:
  • the first permanent magnet 65 includes a first magnetic part 651 , a second magnetic part 652 and a third magnetic part 653 , a first magnetic part 651 and a second magnetic part 652 , which are connected in sequence. Together with the third magnetic portion 653 , the first permanent magnet 65 having a U-shaped structure is formed.
  • the web 632 includes opposing first and second ends 6324, 6325, and first and second sides 6327, 6328 located between the first and second ends 6324, 6325 and opposing, the first end 6324 Connected to the core back yoke 631, the second magnetic part 652 is located on the upper side of the second end 6325, the first magnetic part 651 is located on the side where the first side part 6327 is located, and the third magnetic part 653 is located on the side where the second side part 6328 is located side.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 with a U-shaped structure is buckled upside down on the web 632, so that the first magnetic part 651 and the third magnetic part 653 on both sides of the web 632 are connected as a whole, and the installation is simple and the positioning is accurate.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 includes a first magnetic portion 651 , a second magnetic portion 652 and a third magnetic portion 653 that are connected in sequence, and the web 632 includes oppositely arranged first ends 6324 and a second end 6325, and a first side portion 6327 and a second side portion 6328 located between and opposite the first end 6324 and the second end 6325.
  • the iron core back yoke 631 , the first end 6324 and the second end 6325 are arranged in sequence in the axial direction A2 , the second magnetic part 652 is located between the first end 6324 and the iron core back yoke 631 , and the first magnetic part 651 is located in the first On the side where the side portion 6327 is located, the third magnetic portion 653 is located on the side where the second side portion 6328 is located.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 has a U-shaped structure
  • the web 631 is located in the first permanent magnet 65 of the U-shaped structure, and the web 631 can limit the position of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2 , to prevent the problem that the structure of the motor rotor 61 is unstable due to the movement of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 includes a first magnetic part 651 , a second magnetic part 652 and a third magnetic part 653 , a first magnetic part 651 and a second magnetic part 652 , which are connected in sequence.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 of the H-shaped structure is formed together with the third magnetic part 653 .
  • the web 632 includes a first plate 603 and a second plate 604.
  • the first plate 603 and the second plate 604 are spaced apart in the axial direction A2.
  • the first plate 603 is connected to the iron core back yoke 631, and the second magnetic portion 652 is located in the first plate 652.
  • the first permanent magnet 65 has an H-shaped structure, and the second magnetic portion 652 of the first permanent magnet 65 of the H-shaped structure is located between the first plate 603 and the second plate 604 , and the second plate 604 can be in the shaft
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is limited in the axial direction A2 to prevent the problem that the structure of the motor rotor 61 is unstable due to the movement of the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2.
  • FIG. 16 is another schematic structural diagram of the iron core 63 of the motor rotor 61
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of the motor rotor 61
  • the iron core 63 is provided with a lap portion 637
  • the lap portion 637 connects the iron core pole piece 633 and the web 632
  • the first permanent magnet 65 is located between the lap portion 637 and the iron core back yoke 631 .
  • the lap joint 637 blocks the opening between the iron core pole piece 633 and the web 632 , the left and right sides of the first permanent magnet 65 are the iron core pole piece 633 and the web 632 respectively, and the upper side of the first permanent magnet 65 is It is the lap joint 637, the lower side is the iron core back yoke 631, the iron core pole piece 633 and the web 632 limit the first permanent magnet 65 in the circumferential direction A1, so that the first permanent magnet 65 cannot be in the circumferential direction A1.
  • the overlapping portion 637 limits the first permanent magnet 65 in the axial direction A2 , so that the first permanent magnet 65 is more stable and cannot move in the axial direction A2 , thereby increasing the overall stability of the motor 60 .
  • the core back yoke 631 , the web 632 , the core pole piece 633 and the lap portion 637 can be integrally constructed, so that the structure of the core 63 High strength and high stability.
  • the magnetic isolation bridge 634 may not be provided, and the integrated structure of the iron core 63 can also be realized, and the accommodating cavity 635 can be reserved for the permanent magnet 64, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the motor 60 and save the cost.
  • the manufacturing method of the iron core 63 in the present application may be winding stamping, casting and machining, or may be integrally die-casting.
  • the present application by reserving the accommodating cavity 635 on the iron core 63, and the accommodating space between the iron core web 632 and the iron core pole piece 633, in this way, during assembly, only the permanent magnet 64 needs to be embedded in the accommodating cavity 635, and the The first permanent magnet 65 is embedded in the accommodating space between the iron core web 632 and the iron core pole piece 633, so that the permanent magnet 64, the first permanent magnet 65 and the iron core 63 can be assembled, with low installation difficulty and high installation efficiency.
  • a quadrature-axis magnetic circuit is reserved between adjacent permanent magnets 64 , and a web 632 whose reluctance is smaller than that of air or permanent magnet material is arranged on the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit, that is, between adjacent permanent magnets 64 .
  • the provision of the spokes 632 can reduce the reluctance of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and increase the quadrature-axis inductance, so as to increase the reluctance torque and improve the torque output capability of the motor 60 .
  • the motor torque includes reluctance torque and permanent magnet torque. It can be understood that when the required motor torque is fixed, increasing the reluctance torque can reduce the permanent magnet torque accordingly.
  • the present application adopts a combination of permanent magnets 64 and first permanent magnets 65 in different magnetization directions.
  • the permanent magnets 64 are magnetized along the axial direction A2, and the magnetization directions of two adjacent permanent magnets 64 are opposite.
  • the permanent magnets 65 are magnetized along the circumferential direction A1, and the magnetization directions of at least two first permanent magnets 65 between adjacent two permanent magnets 64 are the same. This combination of different magnetization directions can be used.
  • the magnetization effect of the motor rotor 61 is effectively improved, the air gap density is increased, and the eddy current loss of the permanent magnet 64 and the first permanent magnet 65 can be reduced.
  • the permanent magnet 64 can be arranged between the iron core back yoke 631 and the iron core pole piece 633 to form the motor rotor 61 with a built-in structure. big advantage.
  • the permanent magnet 64 is built-in, and the reluctance torque generated by the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit of the motor rotor 61 can be fully utilized, and the torque output capability of the motor 60 can be improved without increasing the amount of the permanent magnet 64 .

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电机转子、电机及电动汽车。电机转子包括铁心背轭、辐板和至少两个永磁体,所述铁心背轭呈圆盘状,所述铁心背轭包括轴向方向和周向方向,至少两个所述永磁体固定连接至所述铁心背轭上,且沿所述周向方向依次间隔分布,所述辐板位于相邻的所述永磁体之间,所述辐板的磁阻小于空气的磁阻或所述辐板的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻。本申请通过在相邻的永磁体之间预留交轴磁路,且在交轴磁路上设置磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板,也即在相邻的永磁体之间设置辐板,可以起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。

Description

电机转子、电机及电动汽车 技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域,尤其涉及一种电机转子、电机及电动汽车。
背景技术
轴向磁通电机也称为盘式永磁电机,由于其气隙平面大,结构紧凑,而具有高转矩密度和高功率密度等特点,且轴向磁通电机体积小、重量轻,广泛应用于电动汽车、航空器推进系统等机械工程中。
轴向磁通电机包括定子和电机转子,一般定子是线圈,电机转子是永磁体或粘有永磁体的圆盘。目前轴向磁通电机转子的磁阻转矩较小,使得电机的转矩输出能力不佳,导致轴向磁通电机的动力不足且永磁体的用量大、成本高。
因此,如何增大电机转子的磁阻转矩以提高电机的转矩输出能力应为业界的研发方向。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电机转子、电机及电动汽车,本申请可以增大电机转子的磁阻转矩以提高电机的转矩输出能力。
第一方面,本申请提供一种电机转子,包括铁心背轭、辐板和至少两个永磁体,所述铁心背轭呈圆盘状,所述铁心背轭包括轴向方向和周向方向,至少两个所述永磁体固定连接至所述铁心背轭,且沿所述周向方向依次间隔分布,所述辐板位于相邻的所述永磁体之间,所述辐板的磁阻小于空气的磁阻或所述辐板的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻。可以理解地,辐板可以与铁心背轭为一体式结构,减少了安装工序、结构简单且一体式结构使得电机转子的结构强度高、稳固性好。或者辐板也可以与铁心背轭为分体式结构,辐板通过粘接等方式固定至铁心背轭上。辐板可以采用与铁心背轭相同的材质或者其他磁阻小的不同材料,本申请对此不作限定。比如,铁心背轭和辐板都可以为软磁性材料。永磁材料包括铝镍钴系永磁合金、铁铬钴系永磁合金、永磁铁氧体、稀土永磁材料和复合永磁材料等。不同的永磁材料的磁阻是不同的,本申请所说的辐板的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻是指辐板的磁阻小于具有最小磁阻的永磁材料。
本申请通过在相邻的永磁体之间预留交轴磁路,且在交轴磁路上设置磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板,也即在相邻的永磁体之间设置辐板,可以起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。具体而言,电机主要用于输出转矩,转矩太小,动力不足,就带不动所要带的物体。磁阻转矩是转矩的一种,提高磁阻转矩的利用率可以提高电机整体的转矩输出能力。磁阻转矩与交轴电感和直轴电感有关,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异越大,电机的凸极效应越明显,磁阻转矩越大。如果没有辐板,相邻的两个永磁体之间会是空气或者其他充磁方向的永磁体(其他充磁方向的永磁体为永磁材料),空气和永磁材料的磁阻都比较大,导致交轴电感小,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异小,磁阻转矩就会较小,不利于提高电机的转矩输出能力。本申请通过在相邻的永磁体之间(也即在交轴磁路上)设置磁阻较小的辐板,可以增大交轴电感,也即增大 了交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,可以有效增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。电机转矩包括磁阻转矩和永磁体转矩,可以理解的是,在所需的电机转矩固定的情况下,增大磁阻转矩,可以相应的减小永磁体转矩,这样可以减少永磁体的用量,有利于节约电机的制造成本。本申请的电机转子结构简单,设计更灵活,更能满足不同应用场景对电机多样化的性能需求。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板在所述轴向方向上的尺寸大于所述辐板在所述周向方向上的尺寸。部分的直轴磁路在周向方向上经过辐板,因此,辐板也能够增加直轴电感,通过限定辐板在轴向方向上的尺寸大于辐板在周向方向上的尺寸可以使得交轴电感增大的程度大于直轴电感,这样就能够增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。
一种可能的实施方式中,相邻的两个所述永磁体之间的所述辐板的数量至少为两个,且沿所述周向方向间隔排布。相邻的辐板之间会是空气或者永磁材料,随着辐板增多,空气或者永磁材料也会增多,永磁材料增多可以增强聚磁效果,增大电机转矩,且空气或者永磁材料增多能够减小直轴电感,增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体位于所述永磁体和所述辐板之间,所述辐板的磁阻小于所述第一永磁体的磁阻。在本实施方式中,永磁体是沿着轴向方向充磁的,且相邻的两个永磁体的充磁方向相反,第一永磁体是沿着周向方向充磁的,相邻的两个永磁体之间的至少两个第一永磁体的充磁方向相同,这种采用不同充磁方向的永磁体和第一永磁体的组合的方式可以有效提高电机转子的聚磁效果,提高气隙密度,且能减小永磁体和第一永磁体的涡流损耗。如果没有辐板,相邻的两个永磁体之间会被第一永磁体占据,第一永磁体的磁阻较大,交轴电感小,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异小,磁阻转矩就会较小,不利于提高电机的转矩输出能力。而本实施方式中通过在相邻的两个永磁体之间设置磁阻小于第一永磁体的辐板,第一永磁体位于永磁体和辐板之间,这样可以有效增大交轴电感,提高电机的磁阻转矩的利用率。
一种可能的实施方式中,永磁体为扇形结构,扇形结构的永磁体的内圆弧和外圆弧与铁心为同心结构(即圆心相同)。扇形结构的永磁体的第一直线段和第二直线段可以分别与铁心的径向方向平行,或者第一直线端和第二直线段与铁心的径向方向之间设有夹角,有利于减小转矩脉动,改善电机的振动噪音。永磁体均匀嵌入铁心中预留的容纳腔。永磁体是沿着轴向方向充磁的,且相邻两个永磁体的充磁方向相反。需要说明的是,永磁体的结构不限于扇形,永磁体也可以为其他形状,具体可以根据需要设置。第一永磁体可以是扇形的,也可以是矩形的。第一永磁体均匀嵌入铁心中预留的空间中,也即第一永磁体嵌入铁心极靴和铁心辐板之间的空间。第一永磁体是沿着周向方向充磁的,辐板两侧的第一永磁体的充磁方向相同,且永磁体和第一永磁体的磁场都向与永磁体和第一永磁体相邻的铁心极靴聚集。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板包括限位面,所述限位面与所述第一永磁体接触,以在所述轴向方向上固定所述辐板和所述第一永磁体。第一永磁体位于永磁体和辐板之间,如果没有限位面会导致第一永磁体在轴向方向上移动,将不利于电机转子的结构稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板包括主体部和限位部,所述主体部与所述铁心背轭连接,所述限位部位于所述主体部背离所述铁心背轭的一侧,所述限位面位于所述限位部。换言之,限位部的尺寸大于主体部,主体部和限位部形成阶梯结构,限位面也即为阶梯结构的阶梯面。第一永磁体位于永磁体和辐板之间,本实施方式通过在辐板上设置限位面,可以在轴向方向对第一永磁体进行限位,使第一永磁体更稳固,不能在轴向方向移动,增加电机整体的稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述辐板的尺寸由所述第一端至所述第二端逐渐增大,所述限位面为所述第一端和所述第二端之间的连接面。换言之,铁心辐板可以呈倒梯形的结构。辐板可以与永磁体接触,辐板也可以与永磁体间隔设置。辐板与永磁体间隔设置时,辐板与永磁体之间可以是空气也可以为其他结构件(比如可以为第一永磁体),通过限定辐板的尺寸由第一端至第二端逐渐增大,这样永磁体和铁心辐板之间形成的空间靠近铁心背轭的一端尺寸大,远离铁心背轭的一端尺寸小,这样在永磁体和辐板之间设置第一永磁体时,第一端和第二端之间的连接面(即限位面)可以在轴向方向对永磁体和辐板之间设置的第一永磁体起到限位的作用,使永磁体和辐板之间设置的第一永磁体更稳固,不能在轴向方向移动,增加电机整体的稳定性。可以理解地,铁心辐板呈上宽下窄的倒梯形的结构时,铁心辐板和铁心极靴间的空间可以呈上窄下宽的梯形结构,也即嵌入铁心辐板和铁心极靴之间的第一永磁体可以呈梯形结构。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的连接部,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第一端至所述连接部的尺寸逐渐减小,所述第二端至所述连接部的尺寸逐渐减小,所述限位面为所述第二端和所述连接部之间的连接面。换言之,辐板可以为两端大中间小的哑铃状结构。辐板与永磁体间隔设置时,辐板与永磁体之间可以是空气也可以为其他结构件(比如可以为第一永磁体),通过限定辐板为两端大中间小的哑铃状结构,这样永磁体和铁心辐板之间形成的空间远离铁心背轭的一端尺寸小,这样在永磁体和辐板之间设置第一永磁体时,第二端和连接部之间的连接面(即限位面)可以在轴向方向对第一永磁体起到限位的作用,使永磁体和辐板之间设置的第一永磁体更稳固,不能在轴向方向移动,增加电机整体的稳定性。可以理解地,铁心辐板呈两端大中间小的哑铃状结构时,铁心辐板和铁心极靴之间的空间可以呈两端小中间大的结构,也即嵌入铁心辐板和铁心极靴之间的第一永磁体可以呈两端小中间大的结构。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括铁心极靴和搭接部,所述铁心极靴位于所述永磁体背离所述铁心背轭的一侧,所述搭接部连接所述铁心极靴和所述辐板,所述第一永磁体位于所述搭接部和所述铁心背轭之间。也即搭接部封堵铁心极靴和辐板之间的开口处,第一永磁体的左右两侧分别为铁心极靴和辐板,第一永磁体的上侧为搭接部,下侧为铁心背轭,铁心极靴和辐板在周向方向上对第一永磁体进行限位,使得第一永磁体不能在周向方向移动,搭接部在轴向方向上对第一永磁体进行限位,使第一永磁体更稳固,不能在轴向方向移动,增加电机整体的稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中,在所述轴向方向上,至少两个所述永磁体层叠设置。随着轴 向方向上永磁体数量的增多,可以减小直轴电感,增大交轴电感和直轴电感之间的差异,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子包括弹性连接件,所述弹性连接件连接至少两个所述第一永磁体。至少两个第一永磁体通过弹性连接件连接为一体,弹性连接件是可以伸缩的这样可以同时安装至少两个第一永磁体,可以提高安装效率,简化安装工序。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的第一侧部和第二侧部,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第二磁部位于所述第二端,所述第一磁部位于所述第一侧部,所述第三磁部位于所述第二侧部。可以理解地,本实施方式中第一永磁体为U型结构,U型结构的第一永磁体倒扣在辐板上,这样辐板两侧的永磁体结构(第一磁部和第三磁部)连接为一体,安装简单、定位精准。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的第一侧部和第二侧部,所述铁心背轭、所述第一端和所述第二端在所述轴向方向上依次排布,所述第二磁部位于所述第一端与所述铁心背轭之间,所述第一磁部位于所述第一侧部,所述第三磁部位于所述第二侧部。可以理解地,本实施方式中第一永磁体为U型结构,辐板位于U型结构的第一永磁体内,辐板能够在轴向方向上对第一永磁体起到限位作用,防止第一永磁体在轴向方向上移动导致电机转子的结构不稳定的问题。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括第一板和第二板,所述第一板和所述第二板在所述轴向方向上间隔设置,所述第一板与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第二磁部位于所述第一板和所述第二板之间,所述第一磁部和所述第三磁部位于所述辐板相对的两侧。可以理解地,本实施方式中第一永磁体为H型结构,且H型结构的第一永磁体的第二磁部位于第一板和第二板之间,第二板能够在轴向方向上对第一永磁体起到限位作用,防止第一永磁体在轴向方向上移动导致电机转子的结构不稳定的问题。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述电机转子还包括铁心极靴和隔磁桥,所述铁心极靴与所述铁心背轭间隔设置,所述隔磁桥连接所述铁心极靴和所述铁心背轭,所述铁心极靴、所述隔磁桥和所述铁心背轭围设形成容纳腔,所述永磁体位于所述容纳腔内。具体地,铁心极靴的数量与永磁体的数量相同,铁心极靴沿铁心背轭的周向方向依次间隔分布,且铁心极靴与铁心背轭在轴向方向上间隔设置,两个隔磁桥位于铁心极靴的相对两端的下侧,隔磁桥连接铁心极靴和铁心背轭,以使铁心极靴、隔磁桥和铁心背轭共同围设形成容纳腔。本实施方式中通过设置容纳腔,可以提高永磁体的安装精度,实现永磁体的安装定位,简化了装配工序,安装时只需要将永磁体装入尺寸匹配的容纳腔即可,提高了安装精度和安装效率,且装配固定简单。可以理解地,铁心极靴、隔磁桥与铁心背轭可以为分体式结构,铁心极靴隔磁桥通过粘接等方式固定至铁心背轭上,或者,铁心极靴、隔磁桥也可以与铁心背轭也可以为一体式结构,减少了安装工序、结构简单且一体式结构使得电机转子的结 构强度高、稳固性好。铁心极靴会产生交轴电感,能够增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,可以有效增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。铁心极靴是在永磁体的表面,铁心极靴的涡流系数比较低,靠近气隙的位置,这样可以减小永磁体的涡流损耗。铁心极靴是磁路的一部分,不设置铁心极靴的情况下,现在铁心极靴的位置将会是空气,空气的磁阻较大,将导致电机的转矩降低的比较明显,不利于提高电机的转矩输出能力。
在本实施方式中通过将永磁体设置在铁心背轭和铁心极靴之间而形成内置式结构的电机转子,内置式结构的电机转子电机凸极效应明显,具有产生磁阻转矩大的优点。具体地,让永磁体内置,可以增加交轴磁路,提高电机的凸极效应,电机可获得较好的弱磁性能和较宽的恒功率范围,减小永磁体的涡流损耗,并对永磁体起到保护作用,使得永磁体不易退磁。电机转子中的永磁体被安装在容纳腔中,使电机转子的结构坚固,永磁体受到离心力和磁拉力作用时也不会导致电机转子的结构不稳定。此外,让永磁体内置,还可以充分利用电机转子磁路的不对称性所产生的磁阻转矩,在保持永磁体用量不增加的情况下,可以提高电机的转矩输出能力。
铁心极靴和永磁体的数量也可以为两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、八个、九个、十个等,具体可以根据电机的结构、尺寸和所需性能设置,本申请对此不做限定。
一种可能的实施方式中,所述辐板在轴向方向上的尺寸大于所述铁心极靴背离所述永磁体的表面至所述铁心背轭的距离。本实施方式通过限定辐板在轴向方向上的尺寸大于铁心极靴背离永磁体的表面至铁心背轭的距离,增大辐板在轴向方向上的尺寸,可以减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感,提高磁阻转矩的利用率。
第二方面,本申请提供一种电机,包括定子、转轴和前述任一种实施方式所述的电机转子,所述电机转子安装至所述转轴上,且所述定子安装至所述转轴上。具体地,定子和两个电机转子通过转轴共轴连接。电机转子的数量可以为一个,一个电机转子与定子形成单定子单转子的电机。其他实施方式中,电机转子的数量也可以为两个,定子位于两个电机转子之间形成单定子双转子的电机。单定子双转子的电机中的两个转子对称设置,各个永磁体的充磁方向相反。定子可以是具有铁心轭部的,也可以是无轭的,还可以是无铁心的。本申请的电机可以为轴向磁通电机,轴向磁通电机由于其气隙平面大,结构紧凑,而具有高转矩密度和高功率密度等特点,且轴向磁通电机体积小、重量轻,广泛应用于电动汽车、航空器推进系统等机械工程中。
第三方面,本申请提供一种电动汽车,包括传动轴、车轮和第二方面所述的电机,所述传动轴连接所述电机和所述车轮。电机输出转矩,电机的机械能通过传动轴传输至车轮上,以驱动车轮转动。电机将电池的电能转化为机械能,并通过传动装置驱动车轮和工作装置,或者直接驱动车轮和工作装置。电机用于输出机械能,电机的机械能通过传动轴传输至车轮上,以驱动车轮转动。
本申请通过在相邻的永磁体之间预留交轴磁路,且在交轴磁路上设置磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板,也即在相邻的永磁体之间设置辐板,可以起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机的转矩输出能力。电机转矩包括磁阻转矩和永磁体转矩,可以理解的是,在所需的电机转矩固定的情况下,增大磁阻转矩,可以相应的减小永磁体转矩,这样可以减少永磁体的用量,有利于节约制造成本。本申请可以 通过将永磁体设置在铁心背轭和铁心极靴之间而形成内置式结构的电机转子,内置式结构的电机转子电机凸极效应明显,具有产生磁阻转矩大的优点。此外,让永磁体内置,还可以充分利用电机转子磁路的不对称性所产生的磁阻转矩,在保持永磁体用量不增加的情况下,可以提高电机的转矩输出能力。
附图说明
以下对本申请实施例用到的附图进行介绍。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电动汽车的结构示意图;
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电机的结构示意图;
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子的爆炸图;
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子的铁心的结构示意图;
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子的平面结构示意图;
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种电机的直轴磁路示意图;
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种电机的交轴磁路示意图;
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图9是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的铁心的结构示意图;
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的铁心的结构示意图;
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图14是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图15是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的结构示意图;
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种电机转子的铁心的结构示意图;
图17是本申请实施例提供的一种电机转子的平面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例中所提到的方位用语,例如,“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等,仅是参考附图的方向,因此,使用的方位用语是为了更好、更清楚地说明及理解本申请实施例,而不是指示或暗指所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
本申请提供一种电机转子、电机及电动汽车。如图1所示,图1是电动汽车10的结构示意图。电动汽车10包括底盘20、电池30、传动轴40、车轮50和电机60。电动汽车10是以车载电源(车载电源可以为电池30)为动力,用电机60驱动车轮行驶的车辆,具有无污染、可再生、噪声低、能源效率高、多样化、结构简单维修方便等优势,是未来交通 工具发展的方向。具体地,电池30为电动汽车10的电机60提供电能,电机60将电池30的电能转化为机械能,并通过传动装置驱动车轮50和工作装置,或者直接驱动车轮50和工作装置。电动汽车10通过电力驱动汽车行驶,因此,电机60和电池30成为影响其动力性能、续航、安全可靠的关键因素。电池30和电机60位于底盘20上,电池30为电机60提供电能,电机60将电池30的电能转化为机械能。传动轴40连接电机60和车轮50,电机60输出机械能,电机60的机械能通过传动轴40传输至车轮50上,以驱动车轮50转动。
本申请的电机60可以为轴向磁通电机,轴向磁通电机由于其气隙平面大,结构紧凑,而具有高转矩密度和高功率密度等特点,且轴向磁通电机体积小、重量轻,广泛应用于电动汽车、航空器推进系统等机械工程中。电机60也可以为其他类型的电机,本申请不做限定。
如图2所示,图2是电机60的结构示意图。电机60包括定子601、转轴602和电机转子61,定子601与电机转子61共轴连接。电机转子61的数量可以为两个,定子601位于两个电机转子61之间而形成单定子双转子的电机60。电机转子61安装至转轴602上,且定子601安装至转轴602上,也即定子601和两个电机转子61通过转轴602共轴连接,定子601和两个电机转子61之间形成气隙。单定子双转子的电机60中的两个转子镜像对称设置,各个永磁体的充磁方向相反。定子601可以是具有铁心轭部的,也可以是无轭的,还可以是无铁心的。
其他实施方式中,电机转子61的数量也可以为一个,一个电机转子61与一个定子601形成单定子单转子的电机60。
需要说明的是,在图2中有两个电机转子61,定子601右侧的电机转子61与左侧的电机转子61的结构是相同的且是镜像对称的,定子601右侧的电机转子61可以看作是左侧的电机转子61组装完成后的结构。也即右侧的电机转子61是已经组装完成的,只是为了体现未组装之前的结构,左侧的电机转子61还未进行组装。
在此情况下,本申请实施例提出了一种电机转子61,本申请的电机转子61具有较大的磁阻转矩可以有效提高电机60的转矩输出能力,且本申请实施例的电机转子61结构简单、安装难度低、装配精度高。
如图3所示,图3是电机转子61的爆炸图。电机转子61包括壳体62、铁心63、至少两个永磁体64和第一永磁体65。至少两个永磁体64和第一永磁体65安装至铁心63上,铁心63安装至外壳62内,并通过胶粘、注塑等方式固定至外壳62内。外壳62可以起到保护铁心63、永磁体64和第一永磁体65的作用,防止在运输、安装及工作时铁心63、永磁体64、第一永磁体65受到损坏而影响电机转子61的性能。可以理解地,外壳62能够增强电机转子61的结构强度,减小电机转子61在高速运转时离心力对电机转子61结构的影响。
如图4和图5所示,图4是电机转子61的铁心63的结构示意图,图5是电机转子61的平面结构示意图。铁心63包括铁心背轭631、辐板632和铁心极靴633。铁心背轭631呈圆盘状,圆盘状的中心开孔,铁心背轭631包括周向方向A1和轴向方向A2。至少两个永磁体64固定至铁心背轭631上,且沿周向方向A1依次间隔分布,辐板632位于相邻的永磁体64之间。换言之,永磁体64也位于相邻的两个辐板632之间。相邻的两个永磁体 64之间预留交轴磁路,也即辐板632位于交轴磁路上。
辐板632可以与铁心背轭631为分体式结构,辐板632通过粘接等方式固定至铁心背轭631上,或者,辐板632也可以与铁心背轭631为一体式结构,减少了安装工序、结构简单且一体式结构使得铁心63具有结构强度高、稳固性好的优势。辐板632可以采用与铁心背轭631相同的材质或者其他磁阻小的不同材料。比如,铁心背轭631和辐板632都可以为软磁材料。具体地,辐板632的磁阻小于空气的磁阻或辐板632的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻。不设置辐板632的情况下,相邻的永磁体64之间通常为永磁材料或者空气,本申请则在相邻的永磁体64之间设置了磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板632。永磁体64和第一永磁体65都为永磁材料,永磁材料包括铝镍钴系永磁合金、铁铬钴系永磁合金、永磁铁氧体、稀土永磁材料和复合永磁材料等。不同的永磁材料的磁阻会是不同的,本申请所说的辐板632的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻是指辐板632的磁阻小于具有最小磁阻的永磁材料。
本申请通过在相邻的永磁体64之间预留交轴磁路,且在交轴磁路上设置磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板632,也即在相邻的永磁体64之间设置辐板632,可以起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。具体而言,电机60主要用于输出转矩,转矩太小,动力不足,就带不动所要带的物体。磁阻转矩是转矩的一种,提高磁阻转矩的利用率可以提高电机60整体的转矩输出能力。磁阻转矩与交轴电感和直轴电感有关,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异越大,电机60的凸极效应越明显,磁阻转矩越大。如果没有辐板632,相邻的两个永磁体64之间会是空气或者其他充磁方向的永磁体(其他充磁方向的永磁体为永磁材料),空气和永磁材料的磁阻都比较大,导致交轴电感较小,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异小,磁阻转矩就会较小,不利于提高电机60的转矩输出能力。本申请通过在相邻的永磁体64之间(也即在交轴磁路上)设置磁阻较小的辐板632,可以增大交轴磁路的交轴电感,也即增大了交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,可以有效增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。电机转矩包括磁阻转矩和永磁体转矩,可以理解的是,在所需的电机转矩固定的情况下,增大磁阻转矩,可以相应的减小永磁体转矩,这样可以减少永磁体64的用量,有利于节约制造成本。本申请的电机转子61结构简单,设计更灵活,可控的参数较多,更能满足不同应用场景对电机多样化的性能需求。
需要说明的是,在本申请中,不设置铁心极靴633,只在铁心背轭631上间隔设置永磁体64,且在相邻的永磁体64之间设置辐板632,辐板632也能起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用。在本申请中,不设置第一永磁体65,只是永磁体64与辐板632间隔设置,也即永磁体64和辐板632之间为空气的情况下,辐板632也能起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,或者,也可以不设置第一永磁体65,永磁体64与辐板632接触。此外,本申请也可以设置铁心极靴633和第一永磁体65以增强电机转子61的性能。本实施例以电机转子61设有铁心极靴633和第一永磁体65为例进行阐述。
铁心极靴633的数量与永磁体64的数量相同,铁心极靴633沿铁心背轭631的周向方向A1依次间隔分布,且铁心极靴633与铁心背轭631在轴向方向A2上间隔设置。铁心极靴633与铁心背轭631之间设有隔磁桥634,两个隔磁桥634位于铁心极靴633的相对两端的下侧,隔磁桥634连接铁心极靴633和铁心背轭631,以使铁心极靴633、隔磁桥634 和铁心背轭631共同围设形成容纳腔635,永磁体64安装于容纳腔635内。本实施方式中通过设置容纳腔635,可以提高永磁体64的安装精度,实现永磁体64的安装定位,简化了装配工序。安装时只需要将永磁体64装入尺寸匹配的容纳腔635即可,提高了安装精度和安装效率,且装配固定简单。在本实施方式中,可以通过在隔磁桥634朝向辐板622的表面及铁心极靴朝向辐板632的表面设置加强筋,以增强铁心61整体的结构强度。
需要说明的是,本实施方式中也可以不设置隔磁桥634,铁心极靴633与铁心背轭631分离,现将永磁体64固定至铁心背轭631上,再将铁心极靴633固定至永磁体64上。
铁心极靴633、隔磁桥634与铁心背轭631可以为分体式结构,铁心极靴633、隔磁桥634通过粘接等方式固定至铁心背轭631上,或者,铁心极靴633、隔磁桥634也可以与铁心背轭631为一体式结构,减少了安装工序、结构简单且一体式结构使得铁心63的结构强度高、稳固性好。
铁心极靴633会产生交轴电感,能够增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,可以有效增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。铁心极靴633是在永磁体64的表面,铁心极靴633的涡流系数比较低,且铁心极靴633位于靠近气隙的位置,这样可以减小永磁体64的涡流损耗。铁心极靴633是磁路的一部分,不设置铁心极靴633的情况下,现在铁心极靴633的位置将会是空气,空气的磁阻较大,将导致电机60的转矩降低的比较明显,不利于提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
电机转子61上永磁体64的布置方式可以为表贴式或者内置式。表贴式的电机转子61结构简单,安装方便、尺寸小、重量小。然而表贴式结构的永磁体64固定较困难,在电机转子61运行的过程中,表贴式结构的永磁体64受离心力和磁拉力作用时会导致电机转子61的结构不稳定,且表贴式结构的电机转子61还具有无法利用磁阻转矩、永磁体64用量大、永磁体64表面涡流大等缺点。因此,在本实施方式中可以通过将永磁体64设置在铁心背轭631和铁心极靴633之间而形成内置式结构的电机转子61,内置式结构的电机转子61电机凸极效应明显,具有产生磁阻转矩大的优点。具体地,让永磁体64内置,可以增加交轴磁路,提高电机60的凸极效应,电机60可获得较好的弱磁性能和较宽的恒功率范围,减小永磁体64的涡流损耗,并对永磁体64起到保护作用,使得永磁体64不易退磁。电机转子61中的永磁体64被安装在容纳腔635中,使电机转子61的结构坚固,永磁体64受到离心力和磁拉力作用时也不会导致电机转子61的结构不稳定。此外,让永磁体64内置,还可以充分利用电机转子61磁路的不对称性所产生的磁阻转矩,在保持永磁体64用量不增加的情况下,可以提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
需要说明的是,图4中只是示意性的表示铁心极靴633和永磁体64(即容纳腔635)的数量为八个,其他实施方式中铁心极靴633和永磁体64(永磁体64位于容纳腔635)的数量也可以为两个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个、九个、十个等,具体可以根据电机60的结构、尺寸和所需性能设置,本申请对此不做限定。
参阅图5,第一永磁体65位于永磁体64和辐板632之间,辐板632的磁阻小于第一永磁体65的磁阻。可以理解地,第一永磁体65为永磁材料。在设置了铁心极靴633的情况下,第一永磁体65也是位于铁心极靴633和辐板632之间。如果没有辐板632,相邻的两个永磁体64之间会被一个完整的第一永磁体65占据,或者相邻的两个永磁体64之间没 有第一永磁体65而是空气,空气和第一永磁体65的磁阻较大,交轴电感小,交轴电感和直轴电感的差异较小,磁阻转矩就会较小,不利于提高电机60的转矩输出能力。而本实施方式中通过在相邻的两个永磁体64之间设置磁阻小于第一永磁体65的辐板632,第一永磁体65位于永磁体64和辐板632之间,这样可以有效增大交轴电感,提高电机60磁阻转矩的利用率。
在一个具体的实施方式中,参阅图3,永磁体64可以为扇形结构,扇形结构的永磁体64的外圆弧641和内圆弧642与铁心63为同心结构(即圆心相同)。扇形结构的永磁体64的第一直线段643和第二直线段644可以分别与铁心63的径向方向平行,或者第一直线端643和第二直线段644与铁心63的径向方向之间设有夹角,这样有利于减小转矩脉动,改善电机60的振动噪音。永磁体64均匀嵌入铁心63中预留的容纳腔635。永磁体64是沿着轴向方向A2充磁的,且相邻两个永磁体64的充磁方向相反。需要说明的是,永磁体64的结构不限于扇形,永磁体64也可以为其他形状,具体可以根据需要设置。
在一个具体的实施方式中,参阅图3,第一永磁体65可以是扇形的,也可以是矩形的。第一永磁体65均匀嵌入铁心63中预留的空间中,也即第一永磁体65嵌入铁心极靴633和铁心辐板632之间的空间。第一永磁体65是沿着周向方向A1充磁的,辐板632两侧的第一永磁体65的充磁方向相同,且永磁体64和第一永磁体65的磁场都向与永磁体64和第一永磁体65相邻的铁心极靴633聚集。
永磁体64可以采用胶粘或者注塑的方式或者注塑的方式固定至容纳腔635内,第一永磁体65也可以采用胶粘或者注塑的方式或者注塑的方式固定至铁心极靴633和辐板632之间,以增强永磁体64和第一永磁体65与铁心63的结合强度,提高电机转子61的结构强度,增强电机60的结构稳定性。
本实施方式中采用不同充磁方向的组合的永磁体64和第一永磁体65,永磁体64沿着轴向方向A2充磁的,且相邻的两个永磁体64的充磁方向相反,第一永磁体65沿着周向方向A1充磁的,相邻的两个永磁体64之间的至少两个第一永磁体65的充磁方向相同,这种采用不同充磁方向的组合的方式可以有效提高电机转子61的聚磁效果,提高气隙密度,且能减小永磁体64和第一永磁体65的涡流损耗。
参阅图5,以图5所示结构为例,在轴向方向A2上,永磁体64背离铁心背轭631的顶面645高于第一永磁体65朝向铁心背轭631的底面654,避免永磁体64背离铁心背轭631的顶面645小于等于第一永磁体65朝向铁心背轭631的底面654时产生漏磁。
参阅图6和图7,图6是电机60的直轴磁路示意图,图7是电机60的交轴磁路示意图。直轴磁路经过永磁体64和第一永磁体65,交轴磁路不经过永磁体64和第一永磁体65。由于永磁体64和第一永磁体65的磁阻较大,所以直轴电感较小,而辐板632的磁阻较小(也可以理解为铁心63整体的磁阻较小),经过辐板632的交轴磁路的交轴电感较大,这样使得交轴电感比直轴电感大很多,也即交轴电感和直轴电感的差异大,电机60的凸极效应明显,磁阻转矩增大,有利于提高电机60的转矩输出能力。直轴磁路和交轴磁路通过电机转子61的铁心63、永磁体64和定子铁心(图中未示)形成完整的磁回路,增大主磁通,减小漏磁,达到聚磁的目的,有利于提高气隙磁密。
由图6和图7可以看到,与同一个铁心极靴633接触的永磁体64和第一永磁体65的 磁感线的方向都同时朝向此铁心极靴633或者都同时背离此铁心极靴633,本申请采用永磁体64和第一永磁体65的组合的方式可以有效提高电机转子61的聚磁效果,提高气隙密度,增加电机的转矩输出能力,且能减小永磁体64和第一永磁体65的涡流损耗。
结合参阅图4、图6和图7,辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸D1大于辐板632在周向方向A1上的尺寸D2。部分的直轴磁路在周向方向A1上经过辐板632,因此,辐板632也能够增加直轴电感,通过限定辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸大于辐板632在周向方向A1上的尺寸可以使得交轴电感增大的程度大于直轴电感,这样就能够增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
参阅图5,相邻的两个永磁体64之间的辐板632的数量可以为一个。参阅图8,相邻的永磁体64之间的辐板632的数量也可以两个,其他实施方式中,相邻的永磁体64之间的辐板632的数量也可以为三个、四个等,至少两个的辐板632沿着周向方向A1间隔分布。相邻的两个永磁体64之间的相邻的辐板632之间可以为空气(也即相邻的辐板之间不放置其他结构)或者第一永磁体65,随着辐板632数量的增多,空气或者第一永磁体65也会增多,第一永磁体65增多可以增强聚磁效果,增大电机转矩,且空气或者第一永磁体65增多能够减小直轴电感,增大交轴电感和直轴电感的差异,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。随着相邻的永磁体64之间的辐板632数量的增多,至少两个辐板632在相邻的永磁体64之间间隔设置,可以有效增大交轴电感,增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
参阅图9,图9是一种电机转子61的结构示意图。在轴向方向A2上,至少两个永磁体64层叠且间隔设置。随着轴向方向A2上永磁体64数量的增多,可以减小直轴电感,增大交轴电感和直轴电感之间的差异,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
参阅图10,辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸L1大于铁心极靴633背离永磁体64的表面至铁心背轭631的距离L2。本实施方式通过限定辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸L1大于铁心极靴633背离永磁体64的表面至铁心背轭631的距离L2,增大辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸,可以减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感,提高磁阻转矩的利用率,增大电机60的转矩输出能力。其他实施方式中,辐板632在轴向方向A2上的尺寸L1也可以小于等于铁心极靴633背离永磁体64的表面至铁心背轭631的距离L2。
辐板632能够在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65起到限位作用,辐板632包括限位面,限位面与第一永磁体65接触,以在轴向方向A2上固定辐板632和第一永磁体65。设有限位面的辐板632的结构包括但不限于以下三种:
第一种:参阅图4和图5,辐板632包括主体部6321、限位部6322和限位面6323,主体部6321与铁心背轭631连接,限位部6322位于主体部6321背离铁心背轭631的一侧,限位面6323位于限位部6322,第一永磁体65抵接至限位面6323。换言之,限位部6322的尺寸大于主体部6321,主体部6321和限位部6322形成阶梯结构,限位面6323也即为阶梯结构的阶梯面。第一永磁体65位于铁心极靴633和辐板632之间。本实施方式通过在辐板632上设置限位面6323,可以在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65进行限位,使第一永磁体65更稳固,不能在轴向方向A2移动,增加电机60整体的稳定性。相应地,铁心极靴633靠近辐板632的一侧也设有限位面6333,铁心极靴633上的限位面6333与辐板632 上的限位面6323共同在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65进行限位,使第一永磁体65更稳固。
第二种:参阅图11,辐板632包括相对设置的第一端6324和第二端6325,及位于第一端6324和第二端6325之间的连接面605。第一端6324与铁心背轭631连接,辐板632的尺寸由第一端6324至第二端6325逐渐增大,辐板632的限位面为连接面605。换言之,铁心辐板632可以呈倒梯形的结构。辐板632可以与永磁体64接触,辐板632也可以与永磁体64间隔设置。辐板632与永磁体64间隔设置时,辐板632与永磁体64之间可以是空气也可以为其他结构件(例如,可以为第一永磁体65),通过限定辐板632的尺寸由第一端6324至第二端6325逐渐增大,这样永磁体64、铁心极靴633和铁心辐板632之间形成的空间靠近铁心背轭631的一端尺寸大,远离铁心背轭631的一端尺寸小,这样在永磁体64和辐板632之间设置第一永磁体65时,连接面605可以在轴向方向A2对第一永磁体65起到限位的作用,使第一永磁体65更稳固,不能在轴向方向A2移动,增加电机60整体的稳定性。可以理解地,铁心辐板632呈上宽下窄的倒梯形的结构时,铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的空间可以呈上窄下宽的梯形结构,也即嵌入铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的第一永磁体65可以呈上窄下宽梯形结构,第一永磁体65嵌入铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间,安装难度低,装配固定简单,定位精准。
第三种:参阅图12,辐板632包括相对设置的第一端6324和第二端6325及位于第一端6324和第二端6325之间的连接部6326,第二端6325和连接部6326之间设有连接面606。第一端6324与铁心背轭631连接,第一端6324至连接部6326的尺寸逐渐减小,且第二端6325至连接部6326的尺寸逐渐减小,辐板632的限位面为第二端6325和连接部6326之间的连接面606。换言之,辐板632可以为两端大中间小的哑铃状结构。辐板632与永磁体64间隔设置时,辐板632与永磁体64之间可以是空气也可以为第一永磁体65,通过限定辐板632为两端大中间小的哑铃状结构,这样永磁体64和铁心辐板632之间形成的空间远离铁心背轭631的一端尺寸小,这样在永磁体64和辐板632之间设置第一永磁体65时,第二端6325和连接部6326之间的连接面606可以在轴向方向A2对第一永磁体65起到限位的作用,使第一永磁体65更稳固,不能在轴向方向A2移动,增加电机60整体的稳定性。可以理解地,铁心辐板632呈两端大中间小的哑铃状结构时,铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的空间可以呈两端小中间大的结构,也即嵌入铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的第一永磁体65可以呈两端小中间大的结构。
本申请的第一永磁体65和辐板632的结构关系不限于图5所示的两个第一永磁体65间隔分布于辐板632相对的两侧,第一永磁体65和辐板632的结构关系还包括但不限于以下三种实施方式:
第一种实施方式:如图13所示,第一永磁体65包括依次连接的第一磁部651、第二磁部652和第三磁部653,第一磁部651、第二磁部652和第三磁部653共同形成U型结构的第一永磁体65。辐板632包括相对设置的第一端6324和第二端6325,及位于第一端6324和第二端6325之间且相对设置的第一侧部6327和第二侧部6328,第一端6324与铁心背轭631连接,第二磁部652位于第二端6325的上侧,第一磁部651位于第一侧部6327所在的一侧,第三磁部653位于第二侧部6328所在的一侧。本实施方式中采用U型结构 的第一永磁体65倒扣在辐板632上,这样辐板632两侧的第一磁部651和第三磁部653连接为一体,安装简单、定位精准。
第二种实施方式:如图14所示,第一永磁体65包括依次连接的第一磁部651、第二磁部652和第三磁部653,辐板632包括相对设置的第一端6324和第二端6325,及位于第一端6324和第二端6325之间且相对设置的第一侧部6327和第二侧部6328。铁心背轭631、第一端6324和第二端6325在轴向方向A2上依次排布,第二磁部652位于第一端6324与铁心背轭631之间,第一磁部651位于第一侧部6327所在的一侧,第三磁部653位于第二侧部6328所在的一侧。本实施方式中第一永磁体65为U型结构,辐板631位于U型结构的第一永磁体65内,辐板631能够在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65起到限位作用,防止第一永磁体65在轴向方向A2上移动导致电机转子61的结构不稳定的问题。
第三种实施方式:如图15所示,第一永磁体65包括依次连接的第一磁部651、第二磁部652和第三磁部653,第一磁部651、第二磁部652和第三磁部653共同形成H型结构的第一永磁体65。辐板632包括第一板603和第二板604,第一板603和第二板604在轴向方向A2上间隔设置,第一板603与铁心背轭631连接,第二磁部652位于第一板603和第二板604之间,第一磁部651和第三磁部653位于辐板632相对的两侧。本实施方式中第一永磁体65为H型结构,且H型结构的第一永磁体65的第二磁部652位于第一板603和第二板604之间,第二板604能够在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65起到限位作用,防止第一永磁体65在轴向方向A2上移动导致电机转子61的结构不稳定的问题。
如图16和图17所示,图16是电机转子61的铁心63的另一个结构示意图,图17是电机转子61的平面结构示意图。在本实施方式中,铁心63设有搭接部637,搭接部637连接铁心极靴633和辐板632,第一永磁体65位于搭接部637和铁心背轭631之间。也即搭接部637封堵铁心极靴633和辐板632之间的开口处,第一永磁体65的左右两侧分别为铁心极靴633和辐板632,第一永磁体65的上侧为搭接部637,下侧为铁心背轭631,铁心极靴633和辐板632在周向方向A1上对第一永磁体65进行限位,使得第一永磁体65不能在周向方向A1移动,搭接部637在轴向方向A2上对第一永磁体65进行限位,使第一永磁体65更稳固,不能在轴向方向A2移动,增加电机60整体的稳定性。
在本实施方式中,由于搭接部637连接铁心极靴633和辐板632,铁心背轭631、辐板632、铁心极靴633和搭接部637可以为一体式结构,使得铁心63的结构强度大、稳定性高。可以理解地,在本实施方式中可以不设置隔磁桥634也可以实现铁心63的一体式结构,且能够为永磁体64预留容纳腔635,有利于减少电机60的重量,节约成本。本申请中铁心63的制造方式可以是卷绕冲压、铸造机加,也可以是一体压铸成型的。
可以理解地,本申请通过在铁心63上预留出容纳腔635,及铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的容纳空间,这样组装时,只需要将永磁体64嵌入容纳腔635,将第一永磁体65嵌入铁心辐板632和铁心极靴633之间的容纳空间,即可实现永磁体64、第一永磁体65与铁心63的组装,安装难度低、安装效率高。
本申请通过在相邻的永磁体64之间预留交轴磁路,且在交轴磁路上设置磁阻小于空气或者永磁材料的辐板632,也即在相邻的永磁体64之间设置辐板632,可以起到减小交轴磁路的磁阻,增大交轴电感的作用,以增大磁阻转矩,提高电机60的转矩输出能力。电机 转矩包括磁阻转矩和永磁体转矩,可以理解的是,在所需的电机转矩固定的情况下,增大磁阻转矩,可以相应的减小永磁体转矩,这样可以减少永磁体64的用量,有利于节约成本。本申请采用不同充磁方向的组合的永磁体64和第一永磁体65,永磁体64沿着轴向方向A2充磁的,且相邻的两个永磁体64的充磁方向相反,第一永磁体65沿着周向方向A1充磁的,相邻的两个永磁体64之间的至少两个第一永磁体65的充磁方向相同,这种采用不同充磁方向的组合的方式可以有效提高电机转子61的聚磁效果,提高气隙密度,且能减小永磁体64和第一永磁体65的涡流损耗。本申请可以通过将永磁体64设置在铁心背轭631和铁心极靴633之间而形成内置式结构的电机转子61,内置式结构的电机转子61电机凸极效应明显,具有产生磁阻转矩大的优点。此外,让永磁体64内置,还可以充分利用电机转子61磁路的不对称性所产生的磁阻转矩,在保持永磁体64用量不增加的情况下,可以提高电机60的转矩输出能力。
以上所述是本申请的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种电机转子,其特征在于,包括铁心背轭、辐板和至少两个永磁体,所述铁心背轭呈圆盘状,所述铁心背轭包括轴向方向和周向方向,至少两个所述永磁体固定连接至所述铁心背轭,且沿所述周向方向依次间隔分布,所述辐板位于相邻的所述永磁体之间,所述辐板的磁阻小于空气的磁阻或所述辐板的磁阻小于永磁材料的磁阻。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板在所述轴向方向上的尺寸大于所述辐板在所述周向方向上的尺寸。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,相邻的两个所述永磁体之间的所述辐板的数量至少为两个,且沿所述周向方向间隔排布。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体位于所述永磁体和所述辐板之间,所述辐板的磁阻小于所述第一永磁体的磁阻。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板包括限位面,所述限位面与所述第一永磁体接触,以在所述轴向方向上固定所述辐板和所述第一永磁体。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板包括主体部和限位部,所述主体部与所述铁心背轭连接,所述限位部位于所述主体部背离所述铁心背轭的一侧,所述限位面位于所述限位部。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述辐板的尺寸由所述第一端至所述第二端逐渐增大,所述限位面为所述第一端和所述第二端之间的连接面。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的连接部,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第一端至所述连接部的尺寸逐渐减小,所述第二端至所述连接部的尺寸逐渐减小,所述限位面为所述第二端和所述连接部之间的连接面。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括铁心极靴和搭接部,所述铁心极靴位于所述永磁体背离所述铁心背轭的一侧,所述搭接部连接所述铁心极靴和所述辐板,所述第一永磁体位于所述搭接部和所述铁心背轭之间。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,在所述轴向方向上,至少两个所述永磁体层叠设置。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的第一侧部和第二侧部,所述第一端与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第二磁部位于所述第二端,所述第一磁部位于所述第一侧部,所述第三磁部位于所述第二侧部。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括相对设置的第一端和第二端,及位于所述第一端和所述第二端之间的第一侧部和第二侧部,所述铁 心背轭、所述第一端和所述第二端在所述轴向方向上依次排布,所述第二磁部位于所述第一端与所述铁心背轭之间,所述第一磁部位于所述第一侧部,所述第三磁部位于所述第二侧部。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括第一永磁体,所述第一永磁体包括依次连接的第一磁部、第二磁部和第三磁部,所述辐板包括第一板和第二板,所述第一板和所述第二板在所述轴向方向上间隔设置,所述第一板与所述铁心背轭连接,所述第二磁部位于所述第一板和所述第二板之间,所述第一磁部和所述第三磁部位于所述辐板相对的两侧。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述电机转子还包括铁心极靴和隔磁桥,所述铁心极靴与所述铁心背轭间隔设置,所述隔磁桥连接所述铁心极靴和所述铁心背轭,所述铁心极靴、所述隔磁桥和所述铁心背轭围设形成容纳腔,所述永磁体位于所述容纳腔内。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电机转子,其特征在于,所述辐板在所述轴向方向上的尺寸大于所述铁心极靴背离所述永磁体的表面至所述铁心背轭的距离。
  16. 一种电机,其特征在于,包括定子、转轴和权利要求1-15任一项所述的电机转子,所述电机转子安装至所述转轴上,且所述定子安装至所述转轴上。
  17. 一种电动汽车,其特征在于,包括传动轴、车轮和权利要求16所述的电机,所述传动轴连接所述电机和所述车轮。
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