WO2022204943A1 - 电芯及电池 - Google Patents

电芯及电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022204943A1
WO2022204943A1 PCT/CN2021/083971 CN2021083971W WO2022204943A1 WO 2022204943 A1 WO2022204943 A1 WO 2022204943A1 CN 2021083971 W CN2021083971 W CN 2021083971W WO 2022204943 A1 WO2022204943 A1 WO 2022204943A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adhesive
adhesive layer
electrode assembly
film
adhesive film
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/083971
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵阳雨
龚祖祯
金鑫
Original Assignee
宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 宁德新能源科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/083971 priority Critical patent/WO2022204943A1/zh
Priority to CN202180004660.5A priority patent/CN114175302B/zh
Publication of WO2022204943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022204943A1/zh
Priority to US18/374,753 priority patent/US20240021956A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a battery cell and a battery.
  • a cell generally includes an electrode assembly and an encapsulation film.
  • an electrode assembly In order to avoid the problem that the electrode assembly may pierce the seal of the encapsulation film and cause electrolyte leakage when the cell is dropped due to various reasons, one surface of the electrode assembly is usually bonded to the encapsulation film with double-sided tape or hot melt adhesive.
  • the inventor found that the prior art has at least the following problems: when the packaging film is dropped and deformed, the electrolyte accumulated in the packaging film will have a great impact on the outermost separator in the electrode assembly , the top or bottom of the electrode assembly is prone to shrinkage of the isolation film in the position without the protection of the glue, resulting in an internal short circuit of the electrode assembly and affecting the drop performance of the cell.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell
  • the battery core includes an electrode assembly, a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly includes a first surface, a first end surface, a second surface and a second end surface that are connected in sequence, the first surface and the second surface are arranged opposite to each other, and the first end surface is connected to the first end surface.
  • the two end faces are set opposite to each other.
  • the first adhesive layer is pasted on the first end face, and extends from the first end face to the first surface and the second surface respectively, defining that the first surface is provided with a portion of the first adhesive layer.
  • the side is the top side.
  • the second adhesive layer is attached to the second end face, and extends from the second end face to the first surface and the second surface, respectively, defining the first surface with a portion of the second adhesive layer.
  • the side is the bottom side.
  • the battery core also includes a first adhesive film and a second adhesive film; the first adhesive film is attached to the top side and/or the bottom side; the second adhesive film is attached to the first surface, and the first adhesive film is attached to the first surface.
  • the two ends of the two adhesive films are respectively pasted on the top side and the bottom side; wherein, the first adhesive force between the first adhesive film and the first surface is greater than that between the second adhesive film and the second adhesive film. the second adhesive force between the first surfaces.
  • the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film have a first overlapping portion, and the width of the first overlapping portion is 0.1 mm to 15 mm.
  • the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film have a first overlapping portion, and the width of the first overlapping portion is 0.1 mm to 15 mm.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly further includes a first side surface and a second side surface opposite to the first side surface, and the first side surface and the second side surface are respectively disposed on the first side surface. between a surface and the second surface; the second adhesive layer is disposed between the second adhesive film and the first side surface; the battery core further includes a third adhesive layer, which is pasted on the first adhesive layer two end surfaces, respectively extending from the second end surface to the first surface and the second surface, and the third adhesive layer is disposed between the second adhesive film and the second side surface; in In the width direction of the electrode assembly, the second adhesive layer and/or the third adhesive layer and the second adhesive film respectively have a second overlapping portion, and the width of the second overlapping portion is 0.1mm to 15mm .
  • the first adhesive film is provided between the second adhesive layer and the first side surface, and/or between the third adhesive layer and the second side surface.
  • the first adhesive film has a third overlapping portion between the bottom side and the second adhesive layer and/or the third adhesive layer, and the second overlapping portion has a third overlapping portion.
  • the width is 0.1mm to 15mm.
  • the electrode assembly is formed by stacking or winding an anode electrode sheet, a separator and a cathode electrode sheet arranged in sequence, and in the length direction of the electrode assembly, the two parts of the anode electrode sheet are formed by stacking or winding.
  • the side is beyond the corresponding two sides of the cathode electrode piece, the two sides of the separator are respectively beyond the corresponding two sides of the anode electrode piece, and the first surface is the outermost cathode electrode in the electrode assembly.
  • one side of the sheet in the length direction of the electrode assembly, one side of the first adhesive film is pasted on the first surface, and the other side is pasted on the outermost separator of the electrode assembly beyond the The corresponding region of the cathode electrode piece does not exceed the corresponding end face of the separator.
  • the product of the overlapping area of the first adhesive film and the separator and the adhesive force between the two is defined as the third adhesive force
  • the cathode electrode sheet and the The product of the overlapping area of the separators and the adhesive force therebetween is the fourth adhesive force
  • the third adhesive force is greater than the fourth adhesive force
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive film and the separator is greater than or equal to 0.05N/mm, and/or between the first adhesive film and the cathode electrode sheet The adhesive force is greater than or equal to 0.05N/mm.
  • the battery core further includes a fourth adhesive layer adhered to the second surface, the second surface is the surface where the end of the electrode assembly is located, and the first adhesive layer is One end of the layer is pasted on one end of the second adhesive film on the top side, the other end of the first adhesive layer is pasted on one end of the fourth adhesive layer, and on all the second surfaces.
  • the second adhesive layer is pasted on the other end of the fourth adhesive layer.
  • the battery core includes an encapsulation film
  • the encapsulation film includes a first groove and a second groove for accommodating the electrode assembly, and the depth of the first groove is smaller than the depth of the first groove.
  • the second groove, the first surface is opposite to the bottom surface of the first groove, and the second surface is opposite to the bottom surface of the second groove.
  • Another embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including a casing and any one of the above-mentioned battery cells, wherein the battery cells are arranged in the casing.
  • the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are respectively bonded to opposite end surfaces of the electrode assembly to fix the positions between the pole pieces of each layer of the electrode assembly.
  • the pole piece and the isolation film of the outermost layer of the corresponding area are connected into a whole through the corresponding first adhesive film.
  • the gap between the first strength and the second strength is narrowed, In order to avoid a short circuit caused by the tearing of the pole piece and the shrinkage of the isolation film caused by the uneven force on the first surface due to the large difference between the first strength and the second strength, the drop performance of the electrode assembly is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a battery cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rear structure of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a side structure of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side structure of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a side structure of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first surface of an electrode assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an encapsulation film in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first adhesive layer 20 is the first adhesive layer 20
  • the first adhesive film 40 is the first adhesive film 40
  • the first overlap 40a The first overlap 40a
  • the second adhesive film 50 is the second adhesive film 50
  • the third adhesive layer 60 is the third adhesive layer 60
  • a component when a component is considered to be “connected” to another component, it can be directly connected to another component or there may be an intervening component at the same time. When a component is considered to be “set on” another component, it may be located directly on the other component or may co-exist with an intervening component.
  • the terms “top,” “bottom,” “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” and similar expressions are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes an electrode assembly, a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly includes a first surface, a first end surface, a second surface and a second end surface which are connected in sequence, the first surface is arranged opposite to the second surface, and the first end surface is arranged opposite to the second end surface.
  • the first adhesive layer is attached to the first end surface and extends from the first end surface to the first surface and the second surface respectively, and the side of the first surface with the first adhesive layer is defined as the top side.
  • the second adhesive layer is attached to the second end surface and extends from the second end surface to the first surface and the second surface respectively, and the side of the first surface with the second adhesive layer is defined as the bottom side.
  • the cell also includes a first adhesive film and a second adhesive film; the first adhesive film is pasted on the top side and/or the bottom side; the second adhesive film is pasted on the first surface, and both ends of the second adhesive film are pasted on the top side respectively. side and bottom side; wherein, the first adhesive force between the first adhesive film and the first surface is greater than the second adhesive force between the second adhesive film and the first surface.
  • the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are respectively bonded to opposite end surfaces of the electrode assembly to fix the positions between the pole pieces of each layer of the electrode assembly.
  • the pole pieces and the isolation membrane of the outermost layer of the corresponding area are connected into a whole through the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film.
  • the battery cell 100 of this embodiment includes an electrode assembly 10 , a first adhesive layer 20 , a second adhesive layer 30 , a first adhesive film 40 and a second adhesive film 50 .
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly 10 includes a first surface 11 , a first end surface 13 , a second surface 12 and a second end surface 14 connected in sequence. Relative settings.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes an anode tab 91 and a cathode tab 92 , please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the anode tab 91 and the cathode tab 92 can pass through the first end face 13 respectively. In some embodiments, the anode tab 91 and the cathode tab 92 may protrude from the first end face 13 and the second end face 14, respectively.
  • the first adhesive layer 20 is attached to the first end surface 13 and extends from the first surface 11 to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively.
  • the second adhesive layer 30 is attached to the second end surface 14 and extends from the second end surface 14 to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively.
  • the first adhesive layer 20 and the second adhesive layer 30 are respectively bonded to opposite end surfaces of the electrode assembly 10 to fix the positions between the electrodes of each layer of the electrode assembly 10 to prevent the electrode assembly from falling when the electrode assembly 10 is dropped.
  • a short circuit occurs due to displacement between the pole pieces of each layer of the electrode assembly 10 , thereby improving the drop performance of the first end surface 13 and the second end surface 14 of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first adhesive layer 20 is adhered to the first end surface 13 and is located in the middle of the width of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the side of the first surface 11 with the first adhesive layer 20 is defined as the top side 111
  • the side of the first surface 11 with the second adhesive layer 30 is defined as the bottom side 112
  • the first adhesive film 40 is attached to the top side 111 and/or the bottom side 112
  • the second adhesive film 50 is adhered to the first surface 11 , and both ends of the second adhesive film 50 are adhered to the top side 111 and the bottom side 112 , respectively.
  • the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 are one or more of green glue, high-viscosity green glue, high-viscosity hot melt adhesive, or other similar functional coatings.
  • the portion of the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 located on the top side 111 is used to protect the area of the top side 111 where the first adhesive layer 20 is not adhered, and the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 are located on the bottom side 112. Part of it is used to protect the area of the top side 111 where the first adhesive layer 20 is not adhered, so that the outermost pole piece and the isolation film of the corresponding area are connected into a whole through the corresponding first adhesive film 40 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is dropped, the outermost pole pieces on the top side 111 and the bottom side 112 of the electrode assembly 10 are prevented from being torn and the isolation film shrinking to cause a short circuit, thereby improving the drop performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • both ends of the second adhesive film 50 are respectively adhered to the top side 111 and the bottom side 112 , and are partially adhered to the first adhesive layer 20 and/or the second adhesive layer 30 .
  • the first adhesive force between the first adhesive film 40 and the first surface 11 is greater than or equal to the second adhesive force between the second adhesive film 50 and the first surface 11 .
  • connection strength of the outermost pole piece and the isolation film in the bonding area of the first adhesive film 40 is defined as the first connection strength
  • the second adhesive film 50 and the corresponding first adhesive layer 20 and/or the second adhesive are defined.
  • the connection strength of the outermost pole piece and the separator in the bonding area of the layer 30 is the second connection strength. Since the first adhesive force between the first adhesive film 40 and the first surface 11 is greater than or equal to the second adhesive force between the second adhesive film 50 and the first surface 11, the difference between the first strength and the second strength is reduced. The gap between the first strength and the second strength is too large to avoid short circuit caused by tearing of the pole piece caused by uneven force on the first surface and shrinkage of the separator, thereby improving the drop performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the ratio of the first adhesion force to the second adhesion force is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5.
  • the widths of the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 are greater than or equal to 1 mm; in the length direction b of the electrode assembly 10 , the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 are The width of the mucous membrane 50 is 1 mm or more.
  • the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 are rectangular, square, or other shapes.
  • the first adhesive layer 20 and the second adhesive layer 30 are respectively bonded to opposite end surfaces of the electrode assembly 10 to fix the positions between the pole pieces of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the outermost pole piece and the isolation film in the corresponding area are connected into a whole through the corresponding first adhesive film 40 . Since the first adhesive force between the first adhesive film 40 and the first surface 11 is greater than or equal to the second adhesive force between the second adhesive film 50 and the first surface 11, the difference between the first strength and the second strength is reduced.
  • the gap between the first strength and the second strength is too large to avoid short circuit caused by tearing of the pole piece caused by uneven force on the first surface and shrinkage of the separator, thereby improving the drop performance of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 have a first overlapping portion 40 a. And in the first overlapping portion 40 a, the second adhesive film 50 is provided between the first adhesive film 40 and the first surface 11 .
  • the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 cooperate to completely cover the top side 111 of the electrode assembly 10 where the first adhesive layer 20 is not adhered, and/or the bottom side 112 is not adhered to the second adhesive layer 20. the area of the adhesive layer 30 .
  • the first overlapping portion 40a transfers a part of the force acting on the first adhesive film 40 to the second adhesive film 50 when the battery cell 100 is dropped, thereby slowing the contact between the pole pieces and the separator in the electrode assembly 10 to the first adhesive film 40. impact force, so as to avoid the short circuit of the battery cell 100 caused by the tearing of the pole piece of the electrode assembly 10 and the shrinkage of the isolation film at the bonding place, thereby effectively improving the drop performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the ductility of the first adhesive film 40 and the second adhesive film 50 is better than that of the pole piece in the electrode assembly 10, thereby further reducing the risk of tearing the pole piece and the isolation film in the electrode assembly 10, thereby improving the battery cell 100. safety performance.
  • the width of the first overlapping portion is 0.1 mm to 15 mm.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly 10 further includes a first side surface 15 and a second side surface 16 opposite to the first side surface 15 .
  • the first side surface 15 and The second side surfaces 16 are respectively disposed between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 .
  • the second adhesive layer 30 is disposed between the second adhesive film 50 and the first side surface 15 to fix the position of the pole piece on the side of the second end surface 14 of the electrode assembly 10 close to the first side surface 15 .
  • the cell 100 further includes a third adhesive layer 60 , the third adhesive layer 60 is adhered to the second end surface 14 and extends from the second end surface 14 to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively, and the third adhesive layer 60 is The three adhesive layers 60 are disposed between the second adhesive film 50 and the second side surface 16 to fix the position of the pole piece on the side of the second end surface 14 of the electrode assembly 10 close to the second side surface 16 .
  • the second adhesive layer 30 and the third adhesive layer 60 are symmetrically arranged along the middle line of the width of the electrode assembly 10 , so that the second adhesive layer 30 and the third adhesive layer 60 are uniformly stressed and improve the second adhesive layer. 30 and the stability of the third adhesive layer 60 fixed.
  • the position of the pole piece in the second end face 14 of the electrode assembly 10 is effectively fixed through the cooperation of the second adhesive layer 30 and the third adhesive layer 60 , so as to avoid the layers of the electrode assembly 10 with the first adhesive layer 20 when the electrode assembly 10 is dropped.
  • the displacement between the pole pieces causes a short circuit, thereby improving the drop performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the battery cell 100 further includes a plurality of remaining adhesive layers attached to the second end surface 14 and extending from the second end surface 14 to the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 respectively.
  • the adhesive layer 30 , the third adhesive layer 60 and the remaining adhesive layers are symmetrically arranged along the middle line of the width of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 60 and the second adhesive layer 50 respectively have a second overlapping portion 50a. And in the second overlapping portion 50a, the second adhesive film 50 is disposed between the first surface 11 and the corresponding second adhesive layer 30 or third adhesive layer 60.
  • the second overlapping portion 50a transfers a portion of the force acting on the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 60 to the second adhesive layer 50 when the cell 100 is dropped, thereby reducing the pole pieces and isolation in the electrode assembly 10
  • the impact force of the film on the first adhesive film 40 can prevent the cell 100 from being short-circuited due to tearing of the pole piece of the electrode assembly 10 and the shrinkage of the isolation film at the bonding place, thereby effectively improving the drop performance of the cell 100 .
  • the width of the second overlapping portion 50a is 0.1 mm to 15 mm.
  • a first adhesive film 40 is provided between the second adhesive layer 30 and the first side surface 15 , and/or between the third adhesive layer 60 and the second side surface 16 .
  • the first adhesive film 40 has a third overlapping portion 40b between the bottom side 112 and the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 60 . And in the third overlapping portion 40b, the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 60 are disposed between the first surface 11 and the corresponding first adhesive film 40.
  • the third overlapping portion 40b connects the first adhesive film 40 , the second adhesive film 50 and the corresponding second adhesive layer 30 or the third adhesive layer 60 to each other to form an integral protective structure at the bottom side 112 for the battery cell 100
  • the electrode assembly 10 at the bonding portion of the bottom side 112 is prevented from being torn and the isolation film shrinking to cause a short circuit of the cell 100 , thereby effectively improving the drop performance of the cell 100 .
  • the width of the third overlapping portion 40b is 0.1 mm to 15 mm.
  • the cell 100 further includes a fourth adhesive layer 70 bonded to the second surface 12 , and the second surface 12 is the surface where the end of the electrode assembly 10 is located.
  • the surfaces of the fourth adhesive layer 70 facing and away from the electrode assembly 10 are both adhesive and are used to bond the electrode assembly 10 to the inner wall of the packaging film when the electrode assembly 10 is connected to the packaging film containing the electrode assembly 10 to prevent electrical During the drop process of the cell 100 , the electrode assembly 10 punches open the seal of the packaging film and electrolyte leakage occurs, thereby effectively improving the drop performance of the cell 100 .
  • the fourth adhesive layer 70 may be a double-sided adhesive tape.
  • the double-sided tape can be, but is not limited to, ordinary rubber, hot-melt glue or adhesive paper and other substances with double-sided stickiness, and the double-sided tape can be, but not limited to, a single polymer or a polymer. material mixture.
  • One end of the first adhesive layer 20 is pasted on one end of the second adhesive layer 50 located on the top side 111 , the other end of the first adhesive layer 20 is pasted on one end of the fourth adhesive layer 70 , and the second The adhesive layer 30 is pasted on the other end of the fourth adhesive layer 70 .
  • the first adhesive layer 20, the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 60 are bonded to the fourth adhesive layer 70, so that the cell 100 will act on the first adhesive layer 20 and the second adhesive layer during the dropping process 30 and/or a portion of the force on the third adhesive layer 60 is transferred to the fourth adhesive layer 70, thereby slowing the effect of the pole pieces and separators in the electrode assembly 10 on the first adhesive layer 20, the second adhesive layer 30 and/or the third adhesive layer 70.
  • the impact force of the adhesive layer 60 can prevent the cell 100 from being short-circuited due to the tearing of the pole pieces of the electrode assembly 10 and the shrinkage of the separator at the bonding place, thereby effectively improving the drop performance of the cell 100 .
  • the first adhesive film 40 in FIG. 1 which is attached to the top side 111 and the bottom side 112 , in some embodiments, the first adhesive film 40 is attached to the top side 111 , and the bottom side 112 passes through The second adhesive layer 30 and the third adhesive layer 60 are bonded and fixed. It can be understood that, in other implementations, the first adhesive film 40 is adhered to the bottom side 112, and the top side 111 is adhered and fixed by the second adhesive layer 30 and the third adhesive layer 60.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is formed by stacking or winding the anode electrode sheet 17 , the separator 18 and the cathode electrode sheet 19 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.
  • both sides of the anode electrode piece 17 extend beyond the two sides corresponding to the cathode electrode piece 19
  • both sides of the separator 18 respectively exceed the two sides corresponding to the anode electrode piece 17
  • the first surface 11 is One side of the outermost cathode electrode piece 19 in the electrode assembly 10 .
  • one side of the first adhesive film 40 is pasted on the first surface 11 (ie, the outermost cathode electrode piece 19 in the electrode assembly 10)
  • the other side of the separator 18 pasted on the outermost side of the electrode assembly 10 extends beyond the region of the corresponding cathode electrode piece 19 , and does not exceed the end face of the corresponding separator 18 . So that the cathode electrode piece 19 and the isolation film 18 in the corresponding area are connected into a whole through the first adhesive film 40 to avoid the tearing of the cathode electrode piece 19 and the isolation film 18 and the shrinkage of the isolation film 18 when the electrode assembly 10 is dropped. short circuit, thereby improving the drop performance of the electrode assembly 10 . And avoid the problem that the first adhesive film 40 exceeds the isolation film 18 and causes poor packaging.
  • the product of the overlapping area of the first adhesive film 40 and the separator 18 and the adhesive force therebetween is defined as the third adhesive force
  • the overlapping area of the cathode electrode 19 and the separator 18 is defined as the sum of The product of the adhesive force between the two is the fourth adhesive force.
  • the third adhesive force is greater than the fourth adhesive force to prevent the separator 18 from shrinking and the cathode electrode piece 19 from everting.
  • the adhesive force between the first adhesive film 40 and the separator 18 is greater than or equal to 0.05 N/mm, and/or the adhesive force between the first adhesive film 40 and the cathode electrode piece 19 is greater than or equal to Equal to 0.05N/mm.
  • the cell includes an encapsulation film 80 .
  • the encapsulation film 80 includes a first groove 81 and a second groove 82 for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the depth of the first groove 81 is smaller than that of the second groove 82 .
  • the surface 11 is opposite to the bottom surface of the first groove 81
  • the second surface 12 is opposite to the bottom surface of the second groove 82 .
  • the outermost layer of the first surface 11 is an empty roll of one layer of aluminum foil and two layers of isolation films, and one layer of the empty roll of aluminum foil and two layers of isolation films extend along the empty roll direction to the corresponding the first side 15 or the second side 16.
  • the thickness of the electrode assembly 10 is reduced, and the energy density of the battery cell 100 is effectively improved.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, including a casing and a battery cell 100 disposed in the casing, and the battery cell 100 may be any of the battery cells in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the battery further includes a circuit protection board, and the circuit protection board is used to monitor the voltage, current, insulation state, and state of charge of the battery cell 100 , to safely manage the charging and discharging process of the battery, and to prevent possible occurrence of Fault alarm and emergency protection processing, safety and optimal control of battery operation.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电芯，包括：电极组件，电极组件的外表面包括依次连接的第一表面、第一端面、第二表面和第二端面，第一表面与第二表面相对设置，第一端面与第二端面相对设置；第一胶层，粘贴于第一端面，并从第一端面分别延伸至第一表面及第二表面，定义第一表面设有第一胶层的一侧为顶侧；第二胶层，粘贴于第二端面，并从第二端面分别延伸至第一表面及第二表面，定义第一表面设有第二胶层的一侧为底侧；电芯还包括：第一胶粘膜，粘贴于顶侧和/或底侧；及第二胶粘膜，粘贴在第一表面，且第二胶粘膜的两端分别粘贴在顶侧和底侧。本申请还提供一种包括上述电芯的电池。上述电芯能够有效改善跌落性能。

Description

电芯及电池 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电芯及电池。
背景技术
电芯一般包括电极组件及封装膜。为了避免电芯由于各种原因跌落时，电极组件可能冲开封装膜的封口以致发生电解液泄露的问题，电极组件其中一表面通常采用双面胶或热熔胶等粘接于封装膜。
在实现本申请过程中，发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：当封装膜跌落发生变形时，堆积在封装膜内的电解液对电极组件中最外侧的隔离膜产生很大的冲击力，电极组件的顶部或者底部在没有绕胶保护的位置容易出现隔离膜收缩，造成电极组件内部短路，影响电芯的跌落性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种改善跌落性能的电芯，以及应用所述电芯的电池。
本申请的实施例提供了一种电芯，所述电芯包括电极组件、第一胶层和第二胶层。所述电极组件的外表面包括依次连接的第一表面、第一端面、第二表面和第二端面，所述第一表面与所述第二表面相对设置，所述第一端面与所述第二端面相对设置。第一胶层粘贴于所述第一端面，并从所述第一端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，定义所述第一表面设有所述第一胶层的一侧为顶侧。第二胶层粘贴于所述第二端面，并从所述第二端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，定义所述第一表面设有所述第二胶层的一侧为底侧。所述电芯还包括第一胶粘膜和第二胶粘膜；第一胶粘膜粘贴于所述顶侧和/或所述底侧；第二胶粘膜粘贴在所述第一表面，且所述第二胶粘膜的两端分别粘贴在所述顶侧和所述底侧；其中，所述第一胶粘膜与所述第一表面之间的第一粘接力大于所述第二胶粘膜与所述第一表面之间的第二粘接力。
一种可能实现的方式中，在所述电极组件的宽度方向，所述第一胶粘膜与所述第二胶粘膜具有第一重叠部分，所述第一重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
一种可能实现的方式中，在所述电极组件的宽度方向，所述第一胶粘膜与所述第二胶粘膜具有第一重叠部分，所述第一重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述电极组件的外表面还包括第一侧面和与所述第一侧面相对的第二侧面，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面分别设置在所述 第一表面与所述第二表面之间；所述第二胶层设置在所述第二胶粘膜与所述第一侧面之间；所述电芯还包括第三胶层，粘贴于所述第二端面，并从所述第二端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，且所述第三胶层设置在所述第二胶粘膜与所述第二侧面之间；在所述电极组件的宽度方向，所述第二胶层和/或所述第三胶层与所述第二胶粘膜分别具有第二重叠部分，所述第二重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
一种可能实现的方式中，在所述第二胶层与所述第一侧面之间，和/或所述第三胶层与所述第二侧面之间设有所述第一胶粘膜。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一胶粘膜在所述底侧与所述第二胶层和/或所述第三胶层之间具有第三重叠部分，所述第二重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述电极组件通过依序设置的阳极极片、隔离膜和阴极极片堆叠或卷绕而成，在所述电极组件的长度方向，所述阳极极片的两侧超出所述阴极极片相对应的两侧，所述隔离膜的两侧分别超出所述阳极极片相对应的两侧，所述第一表面为所述电极组件中位于最外侧的阴极极片的一侧；以及在所述电极组件的长度方向，所述第一胶粘膜的一侧粘贴于所述第一表面，其另一侧粘贴于所述电极组件最外侧的所述隔离膜超出相对应的所述阴极极片的区域，且不超出相对应的所述隔离膜的端面。
一种可能实现的方式中，定义所述第一胶粘膜与所述隔离膜的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第三粘接力，定义所述阴极极片与所述隔离膜的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第四粘接力，所述第三粘接力大于第四粘接力。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述第一胶粘膜与所述隔离膜之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm，和/或所述第一胶粘膜与所述阴极极片之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述电芯还包括粘结于所述第二表面的第四胶层，所述第二表面为所述电极组件的收尾端所在的表面，所述第一胶层的一端粘贴在所述第二胶粘膜位于所述顶侧的一端，所述第一胶层的另一端粘贴在所述第四胶层的一端上，且在所述第二表面处的所述第二胶层粘贴在所述第四胶层的另一端上。
一种可能实现的方式中，所述电芯包括封装膜，所述封装膜包括用于容纳所述电极组件的第一凹槽和第二凹槽，所述第一凹槽的深度小于所述第二凹槽，所述第一表面与所述第一凹槽的底面相对，所述第二表面与所述第二凹槽的底面相对。
本申请的另一实施例还提供了一种电池，包括壳体和上述任一种的电芯，所述电芯设置在所述壳体内。
本申请实施例提供的电芯中，通过第一胶层及第二胶层分别粘接于电极组件相对的两端面，以固定电极组件的各层极片之间的位置。通过第一胶粘膜及第二胶粘膜使对应区域最外层的极片及隔离膜通过对应的第一胶粘膜连 接成一个整体。通过第一胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第一粘接力大于或等于第二胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第二粘接力，缩小第一强度及第二强度之间的差距，以避免第一强度及第二强度差距过大造成第一表面受力不均引起的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件的跌落性能。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例中电芯的正面结构示意图。
图2为本申请一实施例中电芯的背面结构示意图。
图3为本申请一实施例中电芯的侧面结构示意图。
图4为本申请一实施例中电芯的侧面结构示意图。
图5为本申请一实施例中电芯的正面结构示意图。
图6为本申请一实施例中电芯的侧面结构示意图。
图7为本申请一实施例中电极组件的第一表面的结构示意图。
图8为本申请一实施例中封装膜的结构示意图。
图9为本申请一实施例中电芯的剖面结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明
电芯                          100
电极组件                      10
第一表面                      11
顶侧                          111
底侧                          112
第二表面                      12
第一端面                      13
第二端面                      14
第一侧面                      15
第二侧面                      16
阳极极片                      17
隔离膜                        18
阴极极片                      19
第一胶层                      20
第二胶层                      30
第一胶粘膜                    40
第一重叠部分                  40a
第三重叠部分                  40b
第二胶粘膜                    50
第二重叠部分                  50a
第三胶层                      60
第四胶层                      70
封装膜                       80
第一凹槽                     81
第二凹槽                     82
阳极极耳                     91
阴极极耳                     92
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
需要说明的是，当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“顶”、“底”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
本申请的实施例提供了一种电芯，电芯包括电极组件、第一胶层和第二胶层。电极组件的外表面包括依次连接的第一表面、第一端面、第二表面和第二端面，第一表面与第二表面相对设置，第一端面与第二端面相对设置。第一胶层粘贴于第一端面，并从第一端面分别延伸至第一表面及第二表面，定义第一表面设有第一胶层的一侧为顶侧。第二胶层粘贴于第二端面，并从第二端面分别延伸至第一表面及第二表面，定义第一表面设有第二胶层的一侧为底侧。电芯还包括第一胶粘膜和第二胶粘膜；第一胶粘膜粘贴于顶侧和/或底侧；第二胶粘膜粘贴在第一表面，且第二胶粘膜的两端分别粘贴在顶侧和底侧；其中，第一胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第一粘接力大于第二胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第二粘接力。
本申请实施例提供的电芯中，通过第一胶层及第二胶层分别粘接于电极组件相对的两端面，以固定电极组件的各层极片之间的位置。通过第一胶粘膜及第二胶粘膜使对应区域最外层的极片及隔离膜通过对应的第一胶粘膜连接成一个整体。通过第一胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第一粘接力大于或等于第二胶粘膜与第一表面之间的第二粘接力，缩小第一强度及第二强度之间的差距，以避免第一强度及第二强度差距过大造成第一表面受力不均引起的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件的跌落性能。
下面将结合附图对一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请一并参阅图1、图2及图3，本实施例电芯100包括电极组件10、第一胶层20、第二胶层30、第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50。
电极组件10的外表面包括依次连接第一表面11、第一端面13、第二表面12和第二端面14，第一表面11与第二表面12相对设置，第一端面13与第二端面14相对设置。电芯100还包括阳极极耳91和阴极极耳92，请参阅图1和图2，阳极极耳91和阴极极耳92可以分别从第一端面13穿出。在一些实施例中，阳极极耳91和阴极极耳92可以分别从第一端面13和第二端面14穿出。
第一胶层20粘贴于第一端面13，并从第一表面11分别延伸至第一表面11及第二表面12。第二胶层30粘贴于第二端面14，并从第二端面14分别延伸至第一表面11及第二表面12。第一胶层20及第二胶层30分别粘接于电极组件10相对的两端面，以固定电极组件10的各层极片之间的位置，用于在电极组件10摔落时避免电极组件10的各层极片之间出现位移而导致短路，进而改善电极组件10第一端面13及第二端面14的跌落性能。在一些实施例中，第一胶层20粘贴于第一端面13并位于电极组件10宽度的中间位置。
定义第一表面11设有第一胶层20的一侧为顶侧111，定义第一表面11设有第二胶层30的一侧为底侧112。第一胶粘膜40粘贴于顶侧111和/或底侧112。第二胶粘膜50粘贴在第一表面11，且第二胶粘膜50的两端分别粘贴在顶侧111和底侧112。在一些实施例中，第一胶粘膜40和第二胶粘膜50为绿胶、高粘绿胶、高粘热熔胶或者其他类似功能的涂层中的一种或多种。
第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50位于顶侧111的部分用于保护顶侧111未粘附第一胶层20的区域，第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50位于底侧112的部分用于保护顶侧111未粘附第一胶层20的区域，使对应区域最外层的极片及隔离膜通过对应的第一胶粘膜40连接成一个整体。用以在电极组件10摔落时避免电极组件10顶侧111及底侧112最外层的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件10的跌落性能。
在一些实施例中，第二胶粘膜50两端分别粘贴在顶侧111和底侧112，并与第一胶层20和/或第二胶层30部分粘接。第一胶粘膜40与第一表面11之间的第一粘接力大于或等于第二胶粘膜50与第一表面11之间的第二粘接力。
定义通过第一胶粘膜40粘接区域的最外层的极片及隔离膜的连接强度为第一连接强度，定义通过第二胶粘膜50及对应的第一胶层20和/或第二胶层30粘接区域的最外层的极片及隔离膜的连接强度为第二连接强度。通过第一胶粘膜40与第一表面11之间的第一粘接力大于或等于第二胶粘膜50与第一表面11之间的第二粘接力，缩小第一强度及第二强度之间的差距，以避免第一强度及第二强度差距过大造成第一表面受力不均引起的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件10的跌落性能。在一些实施例中，第一粘接力与第二粘接力的比值大于或等于1，且小于或等于5。
在一些实施例中，在电极组件10的宽度方向a，第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50的宽度大于等于1mm；在电极组件10的长度方向b，第一胶粘膜 40及第二胶粘膜50的宽度大于等于1mm。
在一些实施例中，第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50为矩形、正方形或异形等形状。
上述电芯100中，通过第一胶层20及第二胶层30分别粘接于电极组件10相对的两端面，以固定电极组件10的各层极片之间的位置。通过第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50使对应区域最外层的极片及隔离膜通过对应的第一胶粘膜40连接成一个整体。通过第一胶粘膜40与第一表面11之间的第一粘接力大于或等于第二胶粘膜50与第一表面11之间的第二粘接力，缩小第一强度及第二强度之间的差距，以避免第一强度及第二强度差距过大造成第一表面受力不均引起的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件10的跌落性能。
请继续参与图1，在一些实施例中，在电极组件10的宽度方向a，第一胶粘膜40与第二胶粘膜50具有第一重叠部分40a。且在第一重叠部分40a中，第二胶粘膜50设置在第一胶粘膜40和第一表面11之间。
通过第一重叠部分40a使第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50配合完全覆盖电极组件10的顶侧111未粘附第一胶层20的区域，和/或底侧112未粘附第二胶层30的区域。第一重叠部分40a在电芯100跌落时将作用于第一胶粘膜40上的一部分力转移至第二胶粘膜50，从而减缓电极组件10中的极片及隔离膜对第一胶粘膜40的冲击力，以避免粘接处的电极组件10的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩引起电芯100短路，进而有效改善电芯100的跌落性能。并且第一胶粘膜40及第二胶粘膜50的延展性优于电极组件10中的极片，从而进一步降低电极组件10中极片被撕裂及隔离膜的风险，从而提高了电芯100的安全性能。在一些实施例中，第一重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
请继续一并参与图1、图2及图4，在一些实施例中，电极组件10的外表面还包括第一侧面15和与第一侧面15相对的第二侧面16，第一侧面15和第二侧面16分别设置在第一表面11与第二表面12之间。第二胶层30设置在第二胶粘膜50与第一侧面15之间，以固定电极组件10第二端面14靠近第一侧面15一侧的极片位置。
在一些实施例中，电芯100还包括第三胶层60，第三胶层60粘贴于第二端面14，并从第二端面14分别延伸至第一表面11及第二表面12，且第三胶层60设置在第二胶粘膜50与第二侧面16之间，以固定电极组件10第二端面14靠近第二侧面16一侧的极片位置。
在一些实施例中，第二胶层30与第三胶层60沿电极组件10宽度的中间线对称设置，以使第二胶层30与第三胶层60受力均匀，提高第二胶层30与第三胶层60固定的稳定性。通过第二胶层30及第三胶层60配合有效固定电极组件10第二端面14中极片的位置，用于在电极组件10摔落时与第一胶层20避免电极组件10的各层极片之间出现位移而导致短路，进而改善电芯100的跌落性能。
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，电芯100还包括多个粘贴于第二端面 14，并从第二端面14分别延伸至第一表面11及第二表面12的其余胶层，第二胶层30与第三胶层60及其余胶层沿电极组件10宽度的中间线对称设置。
在一些实施例中，在电极组件10的宽度方向a，第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60与第二胶粘膜50分别具有第二重叠部分50a。且在第二重叠部分50a中，第二胶粘膜50设置在第一表面11和对应的第二胶层30或第三胶层60之间。第二重叠部分50a在电芯100跌落时将作用于第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60上的一部分力转移至第二胶粘膜50，从而减缓电极组件10中的极片及隔离膜对第一胶粘膜40的冲击力，以避免粘接处的电极组件10的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩引起电芯100短路，进而有效改善电芯100的跌落性能。在一些实施例中，第二重叠部分50a的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
在一些实施例中，在第二胶层30与第一侧面15之间，和/或第三胶层60与第二侧面16之间设有第一胶粘膜40。第一胶粘膜40在底侧112与第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60之间具有第三重叠部分40b。且在第三重叠部分40b中，第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60设置在第一表面11和对应的第一胶粘膜40之间。
第三重叠部分40b使第一胶粘膜40、第二胶粘膜50及对应的第二胶层30或第三胶层60互相连接形成位于底侧112处的整体保护结构，用以在电芯100跌落时避免底侧112粘接处的电极组件10的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩引起电芯100短路，进而有效改善电芯100的跌落性能。在一些实施例中，第三重叠部分40b的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
请继续参阅图2、图3及图4，电芯100还包括粘结于第二表面12的第四胶层70，第二表面12为电极组件10的收尾端所在的表面。第四胶层70朝向及背离电极组件10的表面均具胶粘性，用于在电极组件10与容纳电极组件10的封装膜连接时，将电极组件10粘接于封装膜内壁，以防止电芯100在跌落过程中电极组件10冲开封装膜的封口发生电解液泄露，进而有效改善电芯100的跌落性能。例如第四胶层70可以为双面胶。可以理解的是，该双面胶可以但不限于为普通橡胶类的、热熔型的胶水或胶纸等具有双面粘性的物质，该双面胶可以但不限于为单一的聚合物或者聚合物混合体。
第一胶层20的一端粘贴在第二胶粘膜50位于顶侧111的一端，第一胶层20的另一端粘贴在第四胶层70的一端上，且在第二表面12处的第二胶层30粘贴在第四胶层70的另一端上。通过第一胶层20、第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60与第四胶层70粘接，使电芯100在跌落过程中将作用于第一胶层20、第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60上的一部分力转移至第四胶层70，从而减缓电极组件10中的极片及隔离膜对第一胶层20、第二胶层30和/或第三胶层60的冲击力，以避免粘接处的电极组件10的极片撕裂及隔离膜收缩引起电芯100短路，进而有效改善电芯100的跌落性能。
请参阅图5及图6，区别于图1中的第一胶粘膜40粘贴于顶侧111和底侧112，在一些实施例中，第一胶粘膜40粘贴于顶侧111，底侧112通过第二胶层30及第三胶层60粘接固定。可以理解的是，在其他实施中，第一胶 粘膜40粘贴于底侧112，顶侧111通过第二胶层30及第三胶层60粘接固定。
请参阅图7，电极组件10通过由内向外依序设置的阳极极片17、隔离膜18和阴极极片19堆叠或卷绕而成。在电极组件10的长度方向b，阳极极片17的两侧超出阴极极片19相对应的两侧，隔离膜18的两侧分别超出阳极极片17相对应的两侧，第一表面11为电极组件10中位于最外侧的阴极极片19的一侧。
以电极组件10的底侧112为例，在电极组件10的长度方向b，第一胶粘膜40的一侧粘贴于第一表面11(即电极组件10中位于最外侧的阴极极片19)，其另一侧粘贴于电极组件10最外侧的隔离膜18超出相对应的阴极极片19的区域，且不超出相对应的隔离膜18的端面。以使对应区域的阴极极片19及隔离膜18通过第一胶粘膜40连接成一个整体，用以在电极组件10摔落时避免阴极极片19及隔离膜18撕裂及隔离膜18收缩造成短路，进而改善电极组件10的跌落性能。并且避免产生第一胶粘膜40超过隔离膜18引起封装不良的问题。
在一些实施例中，定义第一胶粘膜40与隔离膜18的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第三粘接力，定义阴极极片19与隔离膜18的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第四粘接力。第三粘接力大于第四粘接力，以防止隔离膜18收缩以及阴极极片19外翻。
在一些实施例中，第一胶粘膜40与隔离膜18之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm，和/或第一胶粘膜40与阴极极片19之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm。
请参阅图8，电芯包括封装膜80，封装膜80包括用于容纳电极组件的第一凹槽81和第二凹槽82，第一凹槽81的深度小于第二凹槽82，第一表面11与第一凹槽81的底面相对，第二表面12与第二凹槽82的底面相对。
请参阅图9，在一些实施例中，第一表面11最外层为空卷的一层铝箔和两层隔离膜，空卷的一层铝箔和两层隔离膜沿着空卷方向延伸至对应的第一侧面15或第二侧面16。相较于现有的在第一表面及第二表面均空卷多层铝箔和多层隔离膜的方式相比，减少电极组件10的厚度，有效提高电芯100的能量密度。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，包括壳体和设置在壳体内的电芯100，电芯100可以为上述实施例中的任意一种电芯。在一些实施方式中，电池还包括电路保护板，电路保护板用于监测电芯100中的电压、电流、绝缘状态及荷电状态等，对电池充电及放电过程进行安全管理，对可能出现的故障进行报警和应急保护处理，对电池的运行进行安全和优化控制。
另外，本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围之内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请公开的范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电芯，所述电芯包括：
    电极组件，所述电极组件的外表面包括依次连接的第一表面、第一端面、第二表面和第二端面，所述第一表面与所述第二表面相对设置，所述第一端面与所述第二端面相对设置；
    第一胶层，粘贴于所述第一端面，并从所述第一端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，定义所述第一表面设有所述第一胶层的一侧为顶侧；
    第二胶层，粘贴于所述第二端面，并从所述第二端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，定义所述第一表面设有所述第二胶层的一侧为底侧；
    其特征在于，所述电芯还包括：
    第一胶粘膜，粘贴于所述顶侧和/或所述底侧；及
    第二胶粘膜，粘贴在所述第一表面，且所述第二胶粘膜的两端分别粘贴在所述顶侧和所述底侧；
    其中，所述第一胶粘膜与所述第一表面之间的第一粘接力大于所述第二胶粘膜与所述第一表面之间的第二粘接力。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述第一粘接力与所述第二粘接力的比值大于或等于1，且小于或等于5。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：在所述电极组件的宽度方向，所述第一胶粘膜与所述第二胶粘膜具有第一重叠部分，所述第一重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述电极组件的外表面还包括第一侧面和与所述第一侧面相对的第二侧面，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面分别设置在所述第一表面与所述第二表面之间；
    所述第二胶层设置在所述第二胶粘膜与所述第一侧面之间；
    所述电芯还包括第三胶层，粘贴于所述第二端面，并从所述第二端面分别延伸至所述第一表面及所述第二表面，且所述第三胶层设置在所述第二胶粘膜与所述第二侧面之间；
    在所述电极组件的宽度方向，所述第二胶层和/或所述第三胶层与所述第二胶粘膜分别具有第二重叠部分，所述第二重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电芯，其特征在于：在所述第二胶层与所述第一侧面之间，和/或所述第三胶层与所述第二侧面之间设有所述第一胶粘膜。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述第一胶粘膜在所述底侧与所述第二胶层和/或所述第三胶层之间具有第三重叠部分，所述第二重叠部分的宽度为0.1mm至15mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述电极组件通过依序设置的阳极极片、隔离膜和阴极极片堆叠或卷绕而成，在所述电极组件的长度方向，所述阳极极片的两侧超出所述阴极极片相对应的两侧，所述隔离膜的两 侧分别超出所述阳极极片相对应的两侧，所述第一表面为所述电极组件中位于最外侧的阴极极片的一侧；以及
    在所述电极组件的长度方向，所述第一胶粘膜的一侧粘贴于所述第一表面，其另一侧粘贴于所述电极组件最外侧的所述隔离膜超出相对应的所述阴极极片的区域，且不超出相对应的所述隔离膜的端面。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电芯，其特征在于：定义所述第一胶粘膜与所述隔离膜的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第三粘接力，定义所述阴极极片与所述隔离膜的重叠面积和两者之间的粘接力的乘积为第四粘接力，所述第三粘接力大于第四粘接力。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述第一胶粘膜与所述隔离膜之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm，和/或所述第一胶粘膜与所述阴极极片之间的粘接力大于或等于0.05N/mm。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述电芯还包括粘结于所述第二表面的第四胶层，所述第二表面为所述电极组件的收尾端所在的表面，所述第一胶层的一端粘贴在所述第二胶粘膜位于所述顶侧的一端，所述第一胶层的另一端粘贴在所述第四胶层的一端上，且在所述第二表面处的所述第二胶层粘贴在所述第四胶层的另一端上。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于：所述电芯包括封装膜，所述封装膜包括用于容纳所述电极组件的第一凹槽和第二凹槽，所述第一凹槽的深度小于所述第二凹槽，所述第一表面与所述第一凹槽的底面相对，所述第二表面与所述第二凹槽的底面相对。
  12. 一种电池，包括壳体，其特征在于：所述电池还包括如权利要求1至11中任一所述的电芯，所述电芯设置在所述壳体内。
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