WO2022202927A1 - Distribution management system, fresh foods distribution management method, and distribution management program - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a distribution management system that manages, via a computer, delivery of a product and product information pertaining to the product in a distribution stage constituted by a plurality of nodes, wherein: among the plurality of nodes, a first node that is located on the upstream side in the distribution stage and a second node that is adjacent to the first node on the downstream side each hold the product information; and when a consensus operation has been conducted between the first node and the second node, the computer allows one of the first node and the second node to access the product information that is held by the other one of the first node and the second node only for a predetermined period, and thus the product information which is retained by said other one of the first node and the second node is shared with said one of the first node and the second node during the predetermined period.

Description

Distribution management system, perishables distribution management method, and distribution management program

The present invention relates to a distribution management system, a perishables distribution management method, and a distribution management program.

Traditionally, the mainstream of product distribution has been multi-stage distribution that passes through multiple stages (nodes) from the producer to the consumer. A distribution management system is known that realizes stable distribution by managing distribution. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for realizing high-speed response in distribution management by enabling transfer of product information between different distribution bases (nodes) without accessing an integrated management center or the like. .

JP-A-2005-212911

In conventional distribution management systems, each stage (node) of distribution often has its own code system, and the upstream side of the distribution stage (for example, the producer ) to the downstream side (e.g., consumers). For example, if intermediate wholesalers and retailers in the distribution stage use different code systems, unifying those codes could increase costs and complicate management. It was common for nodes to distribute based on their own code system. However, when distribution is performed based on a unique code system in this way, there is a possibility that product information may be changed during distribution, making it difficult for traceability in the distribution process to function well.

The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above, and its purpose is to realize safe product distribution with high traceability at low cost.

The main invention of the present invention for solving the above problems is a distribution management system in which a computer manages the delivery of products and product information about the products in a distribution stage consisting of a plurality of nodes, wherein: Among them, a first node located on the upstream side in the distribution stage and a second node adjacent to the downstream side of the first node each hold the product information, and the computer operates with the first node. When a consensus operation is performed with the second node, the other of the first node and the second node holds for a predetermined period from either the first node or the second node The distribution management system is characterized in that the product information can be accessed, and the product information held by the other is shared with the one during the predetermined period.
Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the specification and accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, it is possible to realize safe product distribution with high traceability at low cost.

It is a figure explaining an example of the distribution process of goods. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a distribution management system 1; FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the information processing apparatus 10; FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the user terminal 20; FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of product information possessed by each node in the distribution stage; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of operations for sharing product information between two adjacent nodes; The states of the product information INFO (N _{x ) owned by the node (N x )} and the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) owned by the node (N _x+1 ) at the start of the product information sharing operation will be described. It is a schematic block diagram. Product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ) and product information possessed by the node (N _x+1 ) when the node (N _x ) shares the product information INFO (N _x ) FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of INFO(N _x+1 ); The states of the product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ) and the product information INFO (N _{x +1} ) possessed by the node (N x+1 ) at the end of the product information sharing operation will be described. It is a schematic block diagram. It is a figure explaining the example which shares product information when a distribution route branches on the way. 1 is a conceptual diagram of perishable product distribution by a perishable product distribution system 2; FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of perishables distribution using the perishables distribution system 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the additional information added to product information in perishables (product) distribution|distribution of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure showing an example of a structure of distribution history information. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a label 50 attached to a product in product distribution according to the third embodiment;

At least the following matters will become apparent from the descriptions of this specification and the accompanying drawings.
A distribution management system in which a computer manages the delivery of products and product information about the products in a distribution stage consisting of a plurality of nodes, wherein the first node, among the plurality of nodes, is located upstream in the distribution stage. and a second node adjacent to the downstream side of the first node each hold the product information, and the computer controls when a consensus operation is performed between the first node and the second node Furthermore, for a predetermined period of time, either one of the first node and the second node can access the product information held by the other of the first node and the second node; A distribution management system, wherein the product information held by the other party is shared with the other party during a period.

According to such a distribution management system, it is possible to freely control access rights to product information by performing consensus operations between two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage. As a result, safe product distribution with high traceability can be realized at low cost.

In such a distribution management system, the consensus operation may be performed by the other presenting access permission to the one, and the one accepting the access permission.

According to such a distribution management system, when product information is shared between a node on one side and a node on the other side, there is no intervening node other than the one side node and the other side node, which are parties involved. It is easy to prevent product information from being changed unfairly or widely spread. As a result, safer product distribution can be realized.

In such a distribution management system, the access permission may be presented using a code linked to the product information possessed by the other party.

According to such a distribution management system, by using a simple code system that is unified throughout the distribution process, distribution management becomes simpler than when different code systems are used for different nodes. , and the cost can be further reduced.

In such a distribution management system, when one of the parties requests access to the other party, the computer may present the access permission to the other party instead of the other party.

According to such a distribution management system, when an access request is made from a node on one side, access permission is immediately presented by a computer (information processing device) even if the node on the other side is absent. Therefore, the waiting time until access permission is presented can be reduced, and product distribution can be performed more smoothly.

In such a distribution management system, when one of the above-mentioned one becomes able to access the product information possessed by the other, the one of the above-mentioned, in addition to the product information originally possessed by the other, may also share additional information newly added by

According to such a distribution management system, product information related to the product is updated as needed during the product distribution process, and the updated product information can be shared by each node in the distribution process, making it safer. It becomes easier to realize accurate product distribution.

In such a distribution management system, the additional information may include information regarding at least one of the place and time of distribution of the product.

According to such a distribution management system, at each node in the distribution stage, by adding to the product information when and where the product was distributed, the distribution status of the product can be objectively clarified. and traceability can be further improved.

In such a distribution management system, the additional information may include information on at least one of seedlings and chemicals used in the production process of the product.

According to this distribution management system, even after products such as perishables have been shipped, information related to product safety, such as information on seeds and seedlings and information on drugs, can be added and distributed between nodes in the distribution stage. Since it becomes possible to supply the product, it is possible to further improve the safety of product distribution.

In this distribution management system, the predetermined period may be 10 seconds or more and 30 seconds or less.

According to such a distribution management system, unauthorized access is suppressed by restricting the access time from other nodes to product information possessed by a certain node as short as possible. becomes possible. Therefore, safer product distribution can be realized.

In this distribution management system, the product information includes distribution history information relating to at least one of the time and position in the distribution of the product, and the distribution history information is distributed together with the product in a visible state. It's okay to let them.

According to such a distribution management system, it is possible to easily and clearly check the distribution history of a product by distributing the product together with the distribution route information regarding the time and position of the product in a visible state. . Therefore, traceability in the distribution process can be further enhanced.

In such a distribution management system, the product may be distributed with a label displaying the distribution history information attached to the product.

With such a distribution management system, it becomes easier to ensure the integrity of the product and its distribution route information, making it easier to achieve more accurate and safer traceability. In addition, it is possible to make it easier to visually recognize the latest distribution route information.

In this distribution management system, at least one of the moving distance of the product in the distribution stage and the amount of CO2 emissions associated with the movement of the product, which are calculated based on the distribution history information, are displayed in a visible state. It may be distributed together with the product.

According to such a distribution management system, in product distribution, by displaying the distance that the product has moved, it is possible to visualize wasteful movement, etc., so it is possible to improve the efficiency of distribution, such as reviewing the distribution route. can make it easier to do. In addition, by visually displaying the amount of CO2 emissions, it is possible to facilitate the realization of environmentally friendly product distribution.

In such a distribution management system, the movement time of the product in the distribution stage and the expected arrival time of the product at the predetermined node calculated based on the distribution history information are visible together with the product. It is good as a thing to circulate.

According to such a distribution management system, in product distribution, by displaying the time that the product has moved, it is possible to visualize wasteful movement, etc. Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of distribution, such as reviewing the distribution route. can make it easier to do. In addition, by visually displaying the expected arrival time of the product, it becomes possible to further improve the reliability and safety of distribution.

In addition, using the above-described distribution management system, the delivery is operated on time on a predetermined route including a collection stop, which is a stop at which perishables are loaded onto the delivery vehicle, and a delivery stop, which is a stop at which the perishables are unloaded from the delivery vehicle. In a distribution system for distributing the perishables between a shipper and a purchaser using a vehicle, a perishables distribution management method for managing the delivery of the perishables and information about the perishables is clear. becomes.

According to this perishable product distribution management method, the distribution cost of perishable products can be suppressed by delivering perishable products from a collection stop to a delivery stop using a vehicle that runs on a predetermined route on time. can be done. At this time, by performing consensus operation between two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage, it is possible to freely control access rights to product information, thereby enhancing traceability.

Also, in a distribution stage consisting of a plurality of nodes, a distribution management program for managing delivery of merchandise and merchandise information about the merchandise by a computer, wherein the distribution management program is located upstream of the plurality of nodes in the distribution stage. A first node and a second node adjacent to the downstream side of the first node each hold the product information, and when a consensus operation is performed between the first node and the second node a process of enabling access from either one of the first node and the second node to the product information held by the other of the first node and the second node for a predetermined period of time; A distribution management program characterized by causing the computer to execute a process of sharing the product information held by the other with the one during the predetermined period.

According to such a distribution management program, it is possible to freely control access rights to product information by performing consensus operations between two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage. As a result, safe product distribution with high traceability can be realized at low cost.

===First embodiment===
Before explaining the distribution management system 1 according to the first embodiment, first, a general flow of merchandise distribution will be explained. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a product distribution process. In general, product distribution consists of multiple stages (nodes) in the distribution process, in which products and information about the products (product information) are passed between each node, and such a flow is transferred to the upstream side of the distribution process. This is done by connecting from downstream to downstream. In FIG. 1, from the upstream side to the downstream side of the distribution process, the shipper (first node N1), the purchaser (second node N2), the intermediate wholesaler (third node N3), the retailer (fourth node N4) and consumers (fifth node N5), an example of distributing product A in a distribution process consisting of five nodes (fifth node N5). However, the types and number of each node constituting the distribution process are not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1, and may include more nodes than in FIG. Also, the distribution route is not limited to the example shown in FIG.

In addition, in the product distribution process, the "product" is transferred between two adjacent nodes, and the "product information", which is information about the product, is also transferred. For example, in FIG. 1, a shipper (N1) possesses product information N1 including information on product A and a shipper ID that identifies the shipper as product information, and a product transaction is established. Then, along with the product A1, the product information N1 is handed over to the purchaser (N2), which is a node adjacent to the downstream side of the distribution process. Product distribution is realized by repeating this operation.

In such product distribution, the product itself is not likely to change from the node (N1) on the upstream side of the distribution process to the node (N5) on the downstream side of the distribution process. It may be changed at each node. For example, in FIG. 1, the purchaser (N2) updates the information N2 by adding the purchase ID to the product information N1 of the shipper (N1). Furthermore, predetermined information may be added or changed at each subsequent node. In particular, when a unique code system is used to manage product distribution at each node, the product can be unified throughout the distribution process by changing the code system (information) at each stage of distribution. Access to information can be difficult.

If it is not possible to exchange product information based on a unified code system throughout the distribution process, it will be difficult to accurately grasp the entire distribution process, and there is a risk that the safety and reliability of distribution will be impaired. be. For example, at a certain node in the distribution process, when product information is updated with a new code, part of the original product information (for example, product origin information, transportation information, etc.) is deleted. Even if the information is changed or rewritten, it is difficult for other nodes different from the certain node to grasp the updated contents one by one.

In this case, after shipper N1 ships product A, it becomes difficult to accurately confirm how product A is being distributed in the distribution process. Conversely, it also becomes difficult for the consumer N5 to confirm through what route the product A has been distributed during the distribution process. In other words, "traceability" including so-called "trace" to track the distribution of products from the upstream side to the downstream side of the distribution process and so-called "track" to follow the distribution route of the product from the downstream side to the upstream side of the distribution process functions. It will not be possible, and there is a risk that the security of distribution will be compromised.

On the other hand, in order to ensure traceability, if you try to transfer product information using a unified code system throughout the distribution process, you will need to redevelop the system at each stage (node), which will incur a large cost.

<About distribution management system>
As a method for solving such problems occurring in conventional distribution management, distribution management of products and product information by the distribution management system 1 according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the distribution management system 1. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the distribution management system 1 is configured by connecting an information processing device 10 and a user terminal 20 operated by a user at each stage (node) of the distribution process via a network such as the Internet. It is In addition, the user terminals 20 of adjacent nodes (for example, N1 and N2 in FIG. 2) at least in the distribution process are configured to be connectable via a network or the like.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the information processing device 10. As shown in FIG. The information processing device 10 is a server device (for example, a workstation or a personal computer) used by a system administrator or the like when performing distribution management, and includes a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a communication unit 13. have.

The control unit 11 transfers data between units in the information processing device 10 and controls the information processing device 10 as a whole. Further, in the present embodiment, the control unit 11 executes processing related to distribution management, which will be described later, by executing a distribution management program stored in the storage unit 12 or a predetermined memory. The storage unit 12 stores a distribution management program and, if necessary, various information related to distribution management, and is realized by, for example, a nonvolatile storage device such as a flash memory or a hard disk. The communication unit 13 is for transmitting and receiving various data and signals to and from the user terminal 20 and other systems according to commands from the control unit 11, and is realized by, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card). be.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the user terminal 20. As shown in FIG. The user terminal 20 is a terminal device such as a smartphone or a tablet computer used by a user of each node such as a shipper or a purchaser to order or sell a product. , a communication unit 23 , an input unit 24 , and a display unit 25 .

The control unit 21, storage unit 22, and communication unit 23 have substantially the same functions and configurations as the control unit 11, storage unit 12, and communication unit 13 of the information processing device 10, respectively. The input unit 24 is used by the user to input product ordering operations and the like, and is realized by, for example, a keyboard or a touch panel. The display unit 25 displays product information and distribution information, and is realized by, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD).

The distribution management system 1 operates each part of the information processing device 10 and the user terminal 20 shown in FIG. 2 based on a distribution management program, and manages the transfer of products and product information related to the products between nodes. Details of specific distribution management operations using the distribution management system 1 will be described later.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of product information possessed by each node in the distribution stage. In FIG. 5, an example of product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the x-th node (N _x ) in the distribution stage will be described. In the distribution management of this embodiment, product information as shown in FIG. are passed between two nodes (eg, shipper N1 and purchaser N2 in FIG. 1) adjacent to each other. The product information includes at least ID, Name, Detail, Access, Open Access, CUR-INFO, PRE-INFO, and POST-INFO items. However, items other than these may be included.

"ID" is a number that identifies a node (user) possessing the information, and is represented by, for example, a unique random character string. In FIG. 5, the ID of node N _x is indicated as ID(N _x ). "Name" is the name of the product information. In FIG. 5, the name of product information possessed by node Nx is INFO (N _x ). “Detail” is the content of specific information included in the product information INFO (N _x ). For example, it includes information such as product producer, place of production, time of production, place of shipment, date and time of shipment. Also, when adding information (for example, delivery information, etc.) at each node in the distribution stage, new information can be added to this "Detail".

"Access" represents users (nodes) who can access the product information INFO (N _x ) at this time. Normally, only the user (here, node N _x ) possessing the product information can access the product information INFO (N _x ), and other users (for example, node N _x+1 ) can access the product information INFO ( N _x ) is restricted. "Open Access" represents the status of access restriction of product information INFO (N _{x )} . is permitted to access the product information INFO (N _x ) from the user. Although the details will be described later, in the distribution management of this embodiment, "Open Access" becomes "TRUE" only for a predetermined time period when the access restriction to the product information INFO (N _x ) is released.

"CUR-INFO" represents the ID of a user (node) who currently possesses product information INFO (Nx). "PRE-INFO" is CUR-INFO at the distribution stage.
represents the ID (N _x-1 ) of the x-1th node (N _x-1 ) one step upstream of the x-th node (N _x ) possessing the . "POST-INFO" represents the ID (N _x+1 ) of the x+1-th node (N _x+1 ) one step downstream of the x-th node (N _x ) possessing CUR-INFO in the distribution stage. ing.

In this embodiment, "CUR-INFO" possessed by the node (N _x ) and "PRE-INFO" possessed by the adjacent node (N _x-1 ) upstream of the distribution stage, or "POST-INFO" possessed by the node (N _x+1 ) adjacent to the downstream of the node can be shared with each other. At that time, by setting predetermined restrictions and controlling the access authority to the product information INFO, products can be purchased in a uniform code system from upstream to downstream in the distribution stage without using a unique code system for each node. It becomes possible to exchange information.

<Regarding product information sharing>
Next, a specific operation when product information is shared between two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the flow of operations for sharing product information between two adjacent nodes. Hereinafter, the operation when the node (N _x ) accesses the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) possessed by the node (N _x+1 ) and shares the product information will be described.

First, the node (N _x ) makes an access request to the node (N _x+1 ) possessing INFO (N _x+1 ) (S101). An access request can be made, for example, using the user terminal 20 (eg, smart phone) operated by each of the node (N _x ) and the node (N _x+1 ).

It is assumed that two adjacent nodes (N _x ) and (N _x+1 ) each have the following product information at the time of starting the product information sharing operation. FIG. 7 shows product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ) and product information INFO (N _{x +1} ) possessed by the node (N x+1 ) at the start of the product information sharing operation. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining the state of . It is assumed that INFO(N _x ) contains information “ABC” as “Detail” before the access request is started. In addition, at this time, the node (N _x ) is the only node that can "Access" the product information INFO (N _x ), and since "Open Access" is "FALSE", other than the node (N _x ) INFO (N _x ) cannot be accessed from a node (for example, node (N _x+1 )). Similarly, the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) includes the information "DE" as "Detail", and the node (N _x+1 ) is the only node where "Access" is possible in INFO (N _x+1 ). .

Then, referring back to FIG. 6, if the node (N _x+1 ) that received the access request grants access by the node (N _x ), a predetermined consensus is reached to grant access to the node (N _x ). An operation is performed (S102). In this embodiment, the consensus operation is performed by node (N _x+1 ) presenting an access grant to node (N _x ) and node (N _x ) accepting the access grant. Access permission is generated by generating a predetermined code linked to the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) possessed by the node (N _x+ 1 ), and issuing the code to the user who operates the node (N _x+1 ) or the node (N _x ). This is done by displaying on the terminal 20 or the like. As the code to be displayed, for example, a two-dimensional code such as a QR code (registered trademark) generated based on the content of the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) at that time, a character string, or the like can be exemplified (neither is shown). . Then, when the displayed code (QR code, etc.) is read by the user terminal 20 of the node (N _x ), the access permission is accepted.

Next, it is determined whether or not the consensus operation of S102 has been established (S103). As described above, when the access permission code (QR code or the like) presented by the node (N _{x +1} ) is read by the user terminal 20 of the node (N _x ), it is assumed that the access permission has been accepted, and information processing is performed. The control unit 11 of the device 10 determines that a consensus operation has been established between the node (N _x ) and the node (N _x+1 ) (Yes in S103). In this case, the process proceeds to the next step S104.

On the other hand, if the access permission code (QR code or the like) presented by the node (N _x+1 ) is not read by the user terminal 20 of the node (N _x ) within a predetermined period of time, the access permission has not been accepted. As such, the control unit 11 of the information processing apparatus 10 determines that no consensus operation has been established between the node (N _x ) and the node (N _x+1 ) (No in S103). In this case, the process returns to S101 and waits for another access request.

Next, when it is determined in S103 that the consensus operation has been established, the control unit 11 of the information processing device 10 selects "Open Access" from the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) possessed by the node (N _x+1 ). Only the time is changed from "FALSE" to "TRUE" (S104). This allows other nodes to access the product information INFO (N _{x+1 ) possessed by the node (N x+1 )} for a predetermined period of time. That is, the node (N _x+1 ) temporarily grants the node (N _x ) access authority to the merchandise information INFO (N _x+1 ).

The “predetermined time” for setting “Open Access” to “TRUE” is preferably a time within 1 minute from the time when the process of (S104) is performed, more preferably 10 seconds or more and 30 seconds or less. preferable. By limiting the access time from other nodes as short as possible, the possibility of unauthorized access can be reduced. In particular, when a consensus operation is performed between two adjacent nodes (N _x ) and (N _x+1 ) as in this embodiment, other than the parties (N _x ) and (N _x+1 ) , Since there is no way to know that "Open Access" of product information INFO (N _x+1 ) has been changed to "TRUE", access by anyone other than the parties concerned is substantially blocked, realizing safer product distribution. can do.

Next, the node (N _x ) shares the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) while it is authorized to access the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) of the node (N _x+1 ) (S105). FIG. 8 shows the product information INFO (N x ) possessed by the node (N _x ) and the node (N _x ) when the node (N _x ) shares the product information INFO (N _x ) in S105 of FIG. N _x+1 ) is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of product information INFO (N _x+1 ). In FIG. 8, the node (N _x ) shares the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) possessed by the node (N _x+1 ), so that the "Detail" of the product information INFO (N _x ) originally included in the In addition to the information “ABC” that was included in the product information INFO(N _x+1 ), the information “DE” included in the product information INFO(N x+1 ) can be shared. For example, if the product information INFO (N _x+ 1 ) of the node (N _x+1 ) contains the “transportation information” of the product as information corresponding to “DE”, the node (N _x ) also includes the “transportation information ( Information DE)” can be shared. In this way, even after the product has been shipped, it is possible to share the new product information added at the node on the downstream side (or upstream side) of the distribution stage.

Further, in FIG. 8, in the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) owned by the node (N _x+ 1 ), "Open Access" becomes "TRUE", the node (N _x ) is added to "Access", and the node ( N _x ) to the node (N _x+1 ) is accessible. On the other hand, in the product information INFO (N _{x ) possessed by the node (N x )} , since "Open Access" remains "FALSE", access from the node (N _x+1 ) to the node (N _x ) is not allowed. In this case, the node (N _x+1 ) cannot share the information "ABC" included in the "Detail" of the product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ).

If the node (N _x+1 ) wishes to share the product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ), the node (N _x+1 ) side issues an access request to the node (N _x ). Then, by performing the same processing as the consensus operation described in S101 to S105 above, the right to access the product information INFO (N _x ) may be temporarily obtained. By doing so, access rights can be easily managed.

Next, returning to FIG. 6, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has passed since "Open Access" of the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) was changed to "TRUE" (S106). As a result, when the predetermined time (for example, 20 seconds) has passed, the process proceeds to the next step S107 (S106 is Yes). On the other hand, if the predetermined time has not elapsed, the process returns to S105 (No in S106).

Next, when it is determined that a predetermined time has passed since "Open Access" of the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) was changed to "TRUE", the control unit 11 of the information processing device 10 changes the node (N _x+1 ) in the product information INFO (N _x+1 ), the "Open Access" is changed from "TRUE" to "FALSE" (S107), and the information sharing operation is terminated. That is, the access restriction is set again to the commodity information INFO (N _x+1 ) of the node (N _x+1 ), which has been temporarily accessible in response to the request of the node (N _x ), and access from other nodes is prohibited. become unable.

FIG. 9 shows the product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ) and the product information INFO (N _{x +1} ) possessed by the node (N x+1 ) at the end of the product information sharing operation. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram explaining a state; At the end of the product information sharing operation, both "Open Access" of product information INFO(N _x ) and INFO(N _x+1 ) are set to "FALSE", and access from other nodes is restricted. 7, the information "DE" is added to "Detail" of the product information INFO (N _x ) possessed by the node (N _x ), and the node (N _x+1 ) It can be seen that the product information INFO(N _x+1 ) possessed by is shared.

In the above example, an example of performing product information sharing operation between two adjacent nodes (N _x ) and (N _x+1 ) has been described. (For example, between nodes (N _x+1 ) and (N _x+2 )), product information can be delivered safely in the distribution process without imposing a heavy load on the information processing device 10 or the user terminal 20. It can be performed.

The operation of sharing product information in this way is not applicable only when the distribution route from node (N1) to node (N5) is straight as shown in FIG. can also be applied. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of sharing product information when a distribution route branches in the middle. FIG. 10 shows the case where the distribution route branches from the middle wholesaler, which is the third node N3, to retailer A, which is the fourth node N4, and retailer B, which is the fourth node N4'. represent.

In FIG. 10, the third node N3 (intermediate wholesaler) and the fourth node N4 (retailer A), which are adjacent in the distribution stage, share product information in the same manner as described above. can be done. By sequentially sharing the product information from the first node N1 (shipper) to the fifth node N5 (consumer A), the distribution stage from upstream (first node N1) to downstream (fifth node) Traceability can be firmly secured in the distribution route up to N5). Similarly, product information is shared between the third node N3 (intermediate wholesaler) and the fourth node N4' (retailer B), and the product information is shared between the first node N1 (shipper) and the fifth node N5. ' (Consumer B) by sequentially sharing the product information, traceability is ensured even on the route.

On the other hand, the product information shared between the third node N3 (intermediate wholesaler) and the fourth node N4 (retailer A), the third node N3 (intermediate wholesaler) and the fourth node N4' (retailer B), no product information is shared between the fourth node N4 (retailer A) and the fourth node N4' (retailer B). That is, since traceability is not ensured between the fourth node N4 (retailer A) and the fourth node N4' (retailer B), it is impossible for the retailer A's transaction information to leak to the retailer B. Suppressed.

In this way, in the distribution management system 1 of this embodiment, it is possible to freely control access rights to product information by performing consensus operations between two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage. In addition, when performing the consensus operation, it is possible to exchange product information using a unified code system such as a two-dimensional code. As a result, safe product distribution with high traceability can be realized at low cost.

In addition, such a consensus operation presents access permission from the node on the other side (eg, N _x+1 ) to the node on the one side (eg, N _x ) of the two adjacent nodes in the distribution stage, This is done by the node (N _x ) on one side accepting the access permission. Therefore, when product information is shared, there is no intervening node other than the nodes (N _x ) and (N _x+1 ), which are the parties concerned, so the product information may be improperly changed or spread widely. easy to suppress. As a result, safer product distribution can be realized.

At that time, the access permission presented by the node (N _{x+1 ) on} the other side is a code (for example, QR code, etc.). In other words, it becomes possible to share product information using a code that is automatically generated based on the product information possessed by each node. In this way, a simple unified code system can be used throughout the entire distribution process, making distribution management simpler and less costly than when different code systems are used for different nodes. Further reduction is possible.

When a node (N _x ) on one side issues an access request to the node (N x+ ₁ ) on the other side, the node (N _x+1 ) on the other side may not be able to present access permission immediately. be. For example, in FIG. 10, if a first node N1 (shipper) makes an access request to a second node N2 (purchaser), the second node N2 (purchaser) always monitors such requests. access request from the second node N2 (purchaser) is absent, and access permission is presented in response to the access request from the node (N _x ). It may take some time. Therefore, in such a case, instead of the second node N2 (purchaser), the information processing device 10 sends the first node N1 (shipper) the Permission to access the product information INFO (N2) may be presented. By doing so, the waiting time until access permission is presented can be reduced, and product distribution can be performed more smoothly. However, in this case, for the safety of distribution, the information processing apparatus 10 should be authorized in advance to present access permission on behalf of each node.

Further, when one of the two adjacent nodes (N _x ) becomes able to access the product information INFO (N _x+1 ) possessed by the other node (N _x+1 ), the node on the one side (N _x ) can share additional information newly added by the node (N _x+1 ) on the other side in addition to product information originally possessed by the node (N _x +1 ) on the other side. For example, after the first node N1 (shipper) ships the product, if new information about the raw material of the product is added to the product information INFO (N1), then the second node N2 (purchaser) By sharing the product information INFO (N1) of one node N1 (shipper), it is possible to share newly added information regarding the raw material. As a result, in the product distribution process, it becomes possible to share the latest product information updated about the product at each node in the distribution process, making it easier to realize safer and more accurate product distribution.

In addition, it is desirable that the information to be added includes information on the place and time in the distribution of the product. At each node in the distribution stage, when and where the merchandise is distributed is added to the merchandise information, so that the distribution status of the merchandise can be objectively clarified and the traceability can be improved. This makes it possible to further enhance the reliability and safety of product distribution.

=== Second Embodiment ===
Next, as a second embodiment, a person (for example, a farmer, a livestock farmer, etc.) who sells products (for example, fresh products such as fruits and vegetables and livestock products) and a person who purchases the product (for example, general consumers and A method of managing the distribution of perishables using the distribution management system 1 in the perishables distribution system 2 that distributes perishables using product delivery vehicles will be described. The perishables distribution system 2 is a distribution system suitable for distributing perishables, but it is also possible to distribute products other than perishables (for example, industrial products, etc.).

<Outline of distribution by perishables distribution system 2>
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of perishable product distribution by the perishable product distribution system 2. As shown in FIG. In the perishables distribution system 2, a vehicle 100 for delivering perishables (products) runs a route having a plurality of stops on time and delivers perishables between these stops. That is, perishables shipped at a predetermined stop (shipping stop) are loaded onto the vehicle 100 (collection), and unloaded at a predetermined stop (delivery stop) (delivery). Deliver perishables. FIG. 1 shows an example in which a vehicle 100 operates a circular route (distribution network) having seven stops A to G based on a predetermined timetable (service schedule). However, the route does not necessarily have to be circular, and may have another shape. For example, a form in which the vehicle 100 travels back and forth on a straight route may be used.

In the perishables distribution system 2, a seller (shipper) who sells perishables can ship the perishables from a desired stop after receiving an order from a purchaser. For example, in FIG. 1, the shipper ships perishables from the nearest stop A. Perishables shipped from stop A are received (collected) by vehicle 100 and delivered along a circular route. Then, the perishable product is unloaded (delivered) at a predetermined stop designated by the purchaser of the perishable product. In FIG. 1, perishables are delivered to a stop D designated by the purchaser, and the purchaser can receive the perishables at the stop D. FIG.

In this way, the distribution cost of perishables can be reduced by delivering perishables from the collection stop to the delivery stop using the vehicle 100 that runs on a predetermined route at regular times. In addition, since perishables are collected and delivered by vehicles 100 that operate according to a strict schedule, it is possible to distribute perishables quickly.

FIG. 12 is a diagram explaining an example of perishable product distribution using the perishable product distribution system 2. FIG. The distribution of perishables by the perishables distribution system 2 is basically performed in the same manner as the product distribution described in FIG. In other words, in a distribution process consisting of multiple stages (nodes), products and information about those products (product information) are passed between each node, and such flows are linked from the upstream side to the downstream side of the distribution process. It is done by letting

Specifically, in the perishables distribution system 2, from the upstream side to the downstream side of the distribution process, the shipper [sales] (first node Nb1), the purchaser [order] (second node Nb2), the shipper [ Shipment] (third node Nb3), driver of vehicle 100 [collection] (fourth node Nb4), driver of vehicle 100 [delivery] (fifth node N5b), purchaser [receipt] (sixth node Nb6) Perishables are distributed through a distribution route consisting of 6 nodes. 12 corresponds to the shipper (first node N1) in FIG. 1 . 12 corresponds to the purchaser (second node N2) in FIG. 1. In other words, the perishables distribution system 2 It can also be said that this is a system for distributing perishables between the first node N1 and the second node N2 in FIG.

Even when perishables (products) are distributed using the perishables distribution system 2 in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the distribution management system 1 allows perishables (products) and relevant It is possible to manage the delivery of information (merchandise information) on perishables. That is, at each stage of perishable product distribution as shown in FIG. 12, when product information is shared between two adjacent nodes, a consensus operation is performed based on the flow described in FIG. By controlling access rights using a code system (for example, a two-dimensional code), it is possible to distribute perishables and merchandise information at a low cost and safely.

In addition, since freshness and safety are strictly required in the distribution of perishables, information (product information) on the perishables is shared at each stage of distribution, and product information is updated as necessary. It is important to go That is, after the product is shipped (sold) by the shipper (first node Nb1), it is desirable that the information on the location and time of distribution be updated to the latest information at each stage (node) of distribution. For example, when the driver of the fourth node Nb4 picks up perishables in FIG. By sharing such additional information at each node in the distribution stage, it becomes easier to improve traceability and realize safer perishable product distribution.

In addition, for the peace of mind of consumers (purchasers), it is desirable to trace information on seeds and seedlings used in the production of perishables and information on chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers). FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of additional information added to product information in the distribution of perishables (products) according to the second embodiment. In the example of FIG. 13, "seedling purchase information", "fertilizer information", and "pesticide information" related to perishables are stored in the product information INFO (Nb1) possessed by the shipper (first node Nb1). Various information such as is added as additional information. If the shipper (first node Nb1) has grasped such information at the time of shipping (selling) perishables, it is possible to register such information in advance as product information. However, registering a wide variety of information in advance before shipping is troublesome and a burden on the shipper. On the other hand, according to the distribution management system 1 of the present embodiment, information can be appropriately added according to requests from other nodes (for example, purchasers) after the perishables are shipped. The added information can be easily shared by each node in the distribution stage. Therefore, it is possible to further improve the safety of distribution and the quality of products.

=== Third Embodiment ===
In the third embodiment, when performing distribution management using the above-described distribution management system 1 (first embodiment) or perishables distribution system 2 (second embodiment), by visualizing some information , describes means to improve the accuracy and safety of distribution.

In the distribution management system 1 and the perishables distribution system 2 using the distribution management system 1, access rights are controlled for product information to be distributed together with actual products, thereby enhancing traceability and realizing safe distribution. rice field. For example, "Detail" of the product information INFO explained in FIG. 5 includes information such as the shipping location and shipping date and time of the product. It's becoming

On the other hand, since such product information is represented by a code (QR code, etc.) generated based on the contents of the product information INFO, it may be difficult to easily check it during the distribution process. For example, when a consumer located at the end of distribution (fifth node N5 in FIG. 1) wants to check product information, he reads the code using the user terminal 20 such as a smart phone, and reads the code on the display unit 25 of the user terminal 20. It is necessary to search for the necessary information after displaying the specific contents of the product information INFO.

Therefore, in the third embodiment, part of product information useful for product distribution traceability is distributed together with the product in a visible state. For example, information on "time" and information on "position" in product distribution are included in product information as "distribution history information" useful for traceability. By checking such distribution history information, it is possible to more accurately and easily recognize when and where the product has been distributed at each node of product distribution.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of distribution history information. The distribution history information shown in FIG. 14 is information managed in addition to the product information INFO described in FIG. 5, updated at each node in the distribution stage, and passed between nodes. Of the distribution history information in FIG. 14, "time" is information representing, for example, the time when a certain node Nx in the distribution stage received the product from the preceding node _{Nx -1} . Time data of the user terminal 20 possessed by the node _Nx can be used. Similarly, "longitude" and "latitude" are information representing the position when, for example, a certain node Nx in the distribution stage received the product from the previous node _{Nx -1} , and each node N The location data (GPS data, etc.) of the user terminal 20 possessed by _x can be used. Note that these pieces of information may be used as information when a certain node Nx in the distribution stage delivers a product to the next node _{Nx +1} .

In the third embodiment, at least a part of such distribution route information is printed on a label and attached to the product, so that the label is distributed together with the product in a visible state. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a label 50 attached to products in product distribution according to the third embodiment. The label 50 can be printed by a label printer (not shown) or the like that can be connected to the user terminal 20 possessed by each node _Nx . and attached to product packaging and transport materials.

The label 50 in FIG. 15 has a product name display portion 51, distribution progress information display portions 52 to 54, and a code display portion 55. The product name display part 51 is a part for displaying the name of the product in circulation, and the content of the product can be recognized at a glance at each node in the distribution stage. The distribution progress information display portions 52 to 54 are portions for displaying the above-described information regarding time and position, and information acquired based on such information. The specific contents of the information displayed on the distribution progress information display sections 52 to 54 will be described later. The code display section 55 is a section that displays a two-dimensional code or the like generated in association with product information. By reading the code displayed on the code display section 55 with the user terminal 20, the product information can be confirmed. be able to.

In this way, by distributing the distribution route information related to the time and position of the product in a visible state together with the product, it becomes possible to easily and clearly check the distribution history of the product. Therefore, traceability in the distribution process can be further enhanced.

At that time, by affixing a label with distribution route information to the product, it becomes easier to ensure the integrity of the product and the distribution route information of the product, making it easier to achieve more accurate and safe traceability. In addition, at each node in the distribution stage, it is possible to update and reprint the content displayed on the label every time the distribution route information is updated, making it easier to see the latest distribution route information. It is possible.

In addition, the distribution history information shown in FIG. 14 includes information on "moving distance", "CO2 emissions", "moving time", and "estimated arrival time" related to product distribution. "Movement distance" is information calculated from information about "position" in the distribution history information. For example, in product distribution, by displaying the distance traveled by the product from the first node N1 to the current node Nx, it is possible to visualize wasteful movement, etc., so it is possible to improve the efficiency of distribution, such as reviewing the distribution route. (see distribution progress information display section 52 in FIG. 15). Further, when the distribution route (route) is determined as in the perishable product distribution system 2 of the second embodiment, the travel distance of the entire distribution route may be calculated in advance and displayed.

"CO2 emissions" is information representing the amount of CO2 generated during product distribution, and is calculated, for example, based on the movement distance described above. In recent years, along with climate warming, decarbonization and carbon neutrality have become important, so by visually displaying CO2 emissions, it is possible to facilitate the realization of environmentally friendly product distribution ( (Refer to distribution progress information display section 53 in FIG. 15). As a method for calculating the amount of CO2 emissions from the distance traveled, a known calculation method published by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, an electric power company, etc. can be used from the relationship between the distance traveled and the amount of fuel used.

"Travel time" is information calculated from information related to "time" in the distribution history information. For example, in the same way as the "moving distance" described above, in product distribution, by calculating the time taken for the product to move from the first node N1 to the current node Nx, it is possible to visualize wasteful movement, etc. , the distribution route can be reviewed, etc., making it easier to improve the efficiency of distribution.

"Estimated time of arrival" is information representing the estimated time of arrival of a product at a predetermined node in product distribution, and is calculated, for example, based on the movement distance described above. By visually displaying the estimated arrival time, it is possible to facilitate accurate distribution (see the distribution progress information display section 54 in FIG. 15). In particular, as in the perishables distribution system 2 of the second embodiment, when an accurate distribution schedule can be realized by a product delivery vehicle that runs on time, by visually displaying the estimated arrival time, the distribution can be performed. Reliability and safety can be further enhanced.

=== Other Embodiments ===
The above-described embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the interpretation of the present invention. The present invention can be modified and improved without departing from its spirit, and the present invention also includes equivalents thereof. In particular, even the embodiments described below are included in the invention.

<Information processing device>
In the above embodiment, the distribution management system 1 including one information processing device 10 was described as an example of an information processing device. The distribution management system 1 may include the device 10 . That is, a plurality of information processing apparatuses 10 may be connected via a network, and each information processing apparatus 10 may perform various processes in a distributed manner.

<Program>
In the distribution management system 1 in the above-described embodiment, a method for managing the distribution of products and product information by cooperating with the information processing device 10 and various terminals (user terminals 20) has been described. , a distribution management program for executing these processes is also included. That is, the information processing device 10 and various terminals 20 may execute the above-described processes based on the program to manage product distribution.

1 distribution management system,
2 perishables distribution system,
10 information processing device,
11 control unit, 12 storage unit, 13 communication unit,
20 user terminals;
21 control unit, 22 storage unit, 23 communication unit, 24 input unit, 25 display unit,
50 labels,
51 product name display section, 52 to 54 distribution progress information display section, 55 code display section,
100 vehicles

Claims (14)

1. A distribution management system in which a computer manages the delivery of products and product information about the products in a distribution stage consisting of a plurality of nodes,
   Among the plurality of nodes, a first node located upstream in the distribution stage and a second node adjacent to the downstream side of the first node each hold the product information,
   The computer, when a consensus operation is performed between the first node and the second node, selects the first node and the second node from either the first node or the second node for a predetermined period of time. making it possible to access the product information held by the other of the second nodes;
   A distribution management system, wherein the product information held by the other party is shared with the other party during the predetermined period.
2. The distribution management system according to claim 1,
   A distribution management system, wherein said consensus operation is performed by said other presenting access permission to said one and said one accepting said access permission.
3. The distribution management system according to claim 2,
   A distribution management system, wherein the presentation of the access permission is performed using a code linked to the product information possessed by the other party.
4. The distribution management system according to claim 2 or 3,
   When there is an access request from said one to said other,
   A distribution management system, wherein said computer presents said access permission to said one on behalf of said other.
5. The distribution management system according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   When said one becomes able to access said product information possessed by said other,
   A distribution management system characterized in that said one can share additional information newly added by said other in addition to said product information originally possessed by said other.
6. A distribution management system according to claim 5,
   A distribution management system, wherein the additional information includes information on at least one of a place and a time in distribution of the merchandise.
7. The distribution management system according to claim 5 or 6,
   A distribution management system, wherein the additional information includes information on at least one of seedlings and chemicals used in the production process of the product.
8. The distribution management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
   A distribution management system, wherein the predetermined period is 10 seconds or more and 30 seconds or less.
9. The distribution management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
   The product information includes distribution history information related to at least one of time and position in distribution of the product,
   A distribution management system characterized in that the distribution history information is distributed together with the product in a visible state.
10. A distribution management system according to claim 9,
    A distribution management system characterized in that the product is distributed while a label displaying the distribution history information is attached to the product.
11. The distribution management system according to claim 9 or 10,
    At least one of the moving distance of the product in the distribution stage and the amount of CO2 emissions associated with the movement of the product calculated based on the distribution history information is made visible and distributed together with the product. distribution management system.
12. The distribution management system according to any one of claims 9 to 11,
    The movement time of the product in the distribution stage and the estimated arrival time of the product at the predetermined node, which are calculated based on the distribution history information, are made visible and distributed together with the product. Distribution management system.
13. Using the distribution management system according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
    A shipper and a purchaser using the delivery vehicle that operates on a predetermined route including a collection stop, which is a stop for loading perishables on the delivery vehicle, and a delivery stop, which is a stop for unloading the perishables from the delivery vehicle. A perishable product distribution management method, comprising managing delivery of the perishable product and information about the perishable product in a distribution system for distributing the perishable product between
14. A distribution management program for using a computer to manage the delivery of products and product information about the products in a distribution stage consisting of a plurality of nodes,
    Among the plurality of nodes, a first node located upstream in the distribution stage and a second node adjacent to the downstream side of the first node each hold the product information,
    the first node and the second node from either the first node or the second node for a predetermined period when a consensus operation is performed between the first node and the second node; A process that enables access to the product information held by the other of
    a process of sharing the product information held by the other with the one during the predetermined period;
    A distribution management program characterized by causing the computer to execute

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