WO2022202196A1 - 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム - Google Patents

燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022202196A1
WO2022202196A1 PCT/JP2022/009178 JP2022009178W WO2022202196A1 WO 2022202196 A1 WO2022202196 A1 WO 2022202196A1 JP 2022009178 W JP2022009178 W JP 2022009178W WO 2022202196 A1 WO2022202196 A1 WO 2022202196A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
supply pipe
fuel supply
pipe
ammonia
starting fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/009178
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
慎太朗 伊藤
正宏 内田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Priority to CN202280019207.6A priority Critical patent/CN116981887A/zh
Priority to JP2023508891A priority patent/JP7613558B2/ja
Priority to EP22774992.6A priority patent/EP4317787A4/en
Publication of WO2022202196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022202196A1/ja
Priority to US18/462,910 priority patent/US12392281B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/30—Adding water, steam or other fluids for influencing combustion, e.g. to obtain cleaner exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • a gas turbine system that obtains power by burning fuel in a combustor is used.
  • a gas turbine system for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a system that uses ammonia as a fuel. Emission of carbon dioxide is suppressed by using ammonia as a fuel.
  • Some gas turbine systems supply ammonia to the combustion chamber of the combustor after vaporizing it with a vaporizer.
  • the use of carburetors contributes to increased equipment costs and start-up times in gas turbine systems. It is conceivable to supply liquid ammonia to the combustion chamber without using a vaporizer. In this case, liquid ammonia is sent to the combustion chamber through the ammonia supply pipe. The hot air supplied to the combustion chamber may heat the ammonia supply pipe, causing the ammonia to evaporate. When ammonia vaporizes in the ammonia supply pipe, the injection amount of ammonia becomes unstable.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a combustion device and a gas turbine system capable of suppressing vaporization of liquid ammonia used as fuel.
  • the combustion device of the present disclosure includes a liner having an opening at its end and having a combustion chamber formed therein; an air flow path communicating with the opening of the liner; and a start-up fuel supply pipe disposed between the ammonia supply pipe and the air flow path.
  • a heat shield pipe may be provided between the starting fuel supply pipe and the air flow path.
  • the ammonia supply pipe has a double-cylinder structure including an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and the air flow channels are a first air flow channel arranged radially inward with respect to the inner pipe and a first air flow channel arranged radially inward with respect to the outer pipe.
  • a second air flow path arranged outward in the direction, and the fuel supply pipe for start-up includes a first fuel supply pipe for start-up arranged between the inner pipe and the first air flow channel; and a second start-up fuel supply pipe disposed between the two air flow paths.
  • the gas turbine system of the present disclosure includes the above combustion device.
  • vaporization of liquid ammonia used as fuel can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a burner according to a first modification.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a burner according to a second modification.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a burner according to a third modified example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine system 1 according to this embodiment.
  • the gas turbine system 1 includes a supercharger 11, a generator 12, a combustor 13, a burner 14, an ammonia tank 15, a first flow control valve 16, and a starting fuel tank. 17 and a second flow control valve 18 .
  • the combustor 13, the burner 14, the ammonia tank 15, the first flow control valve 16, the starting fuel tank 17, and the second flow control valve 18 are included in the combustion device 10.
  • the supercharger 11 has a compressor 11a and a turbine 11b. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b rotate as a unit. Compressor 11a and turbine 11b are connected by a shaft.
  • the compressor 11 a is provided in an intake passage 21 connected to the combustor 13 . Air supplied to the combustor 13 flows through the intake passage 21 . An intake port (not shown) through which air is taken in from the outside is provided at the upstream end of the intake passage 21 . Air taken in from the intake port passes through the compressor 11 a and is sent to the combustor 13 . The compressor 11a compresses air and discharges it downstream.
  • the turbine 11 b is provided in an exhaust flow path 22 connected to the combustor 13 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 flows through the exhaust flow path 22 . An exhaust port (not shown) through which the exhaust gas is discharged to the outside is provided at the downstream end of the exhaust passage 22 . Exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 13 passes through the turbine 11b and is sent to the exhaust port. The turbine 11b generates rotational power by being rotated by the exhaust gas.
  • the generator 12 is connected to the turbocharger 11.
  • the generator 12 generates power using the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 .
  • the combustor 13 has a casing 13a, a liner 13b, and a combustion chamber 13c.
  • the casing 13a has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • a liner 13b is provided inside the casing 13a.
  • the liner 13b has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the liner 13b is arranged coaxially with the casing 13a.
  • a combustion chamber 13c is formed inside the liner 13b. That is, the internal space of the liner 13b corresponds to the combustion chamber 13c.
  • the combustion chamber 13c is a substantially cylindrical space.
  • An exhaust passage 22 is connected to the combustion chamber 13c.
  • fuel and air are supplied to the combustion chamber 13c.
  • Ammonia is mainly used as fuel in the combustion chamber 13c for combustion.
  • starting fuel for example, natural gas or hydrogen
  • the starting fuel is fuel used for starting the gas turbine system 1 .
  • Exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 13 c is discharged to the exhaust passage 22 .
  • the liner 13b has a body portion 13d.
  • the body portion 13d has a cylindrical shape.
  • a combustion chamber 13c is formed inside the body portion 13d.
  • a communicating portion 13e is provided at an end portion of the body portion 13d.
  • the communicating portion 13e communicates between the outside of the liner 13b (specifically, an air flow path 23 described later) and the combustion chamber 13c.
  • the communicating portion 13e has a cylindrical shape and is arranged coaxially with the main body portion 13d.
  • the outer diameter of the communicating portion 13e is smaller than the outer diameter of the main body portion 13d.
  • the inner diameter of the communicating portion 13e is smaller than the inner diameter of the body portion 13d. In addition, the inner diameter of the communication portion 13e may be reduced toward the main body portion 13d.
  • Various members such as a swirl vane for forming a swirl flow of air may be provided in the communicating portion 13e.
  • An opening 13f is provided at the end of the communicating portion 13e opposite to the main body portion 13d.
  • the opening 13f is provided at the end of the liner 13b.
  • An air flow path 23 is formed between the inner surface of the casing 13a and the outer surface of the liner 13b.
  • the intake flow path 21 is connected to the air flow path 23 . Air is sent from the compressor 11 a to the air flow path 23 via the intake flow path 21 .
  • the air flow path 23 communicates with the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • a burner 14 is inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the air sent to the air flow path 23 passes through the air flow path 23 and is then injected into the combustion chamber 13c through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the air sent to the air flow path 23 flows between the inner peripheral surface of the communicating portion 13e and the outer peripheral surface of the burner 14 (specifically, the outer peripheral surface of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 described later). and into the combustion chamber 13c.
  • the burner 14 has an ammonia supply pipe 31 and a starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31 is a pipe for supplying ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c. Ammonia flows through a space defined by the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is a pipe for supplying starting fuel to the combustion chamber 13c. The starting fuel flows through the space defined by the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the starting fuel supply pipe 32 have a cylindrical shape.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is arranged coaxially with the ammonia supply pipe 31 and radially outside the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the startup fuel supply pipe 32 covers the outer peripheral surface of the ammonia supply pipe 31 . That is, the ammonia supply pipe 31 is inserted into the starting fuel supply pipe 32 , and the starting fuel supply pipe 32 faces the outer peripheral surface of the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the central axis of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the central axis of the ammonia supply pipe 31 do not have to match.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is arranged between the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the air flow path 23 .
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the starting fuel supply pipe 32 are inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the ends of the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the start-up fuel supply pipe 32 are positioned, for example, in the vicinity of the stepped portion between the body portion 13d of the liner 13b and the communication portion 13e in the axial direction.
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the starting fuel supply pipe 32 pass through the casing 13a and extend to the outside of the casing 13a.
  • the radial direction of the burner 14, the axial direction of the burner 14, and the circumferential direction of the burner 14 are also simply referred to as the radial direction, the axial direction, and the circumferential direction.
  • the combustion chamber 13c side (right side in FIG. 1) of the burner 14 is called the front end side, and the opposite side (left side in FIG. 1) of the burner 14 to the combustion chamber 13c side is called the rear end side.
  • An ammonia tank 15 is connected to a portion of the ammonia supply pipe 31 outside the casing 13a. Liquid ammonia is stored in the ammonia tank 15 .
  • a flow path connecting the ammonia tank 15 and the ammonia supply pipe 31 is provided with a first flow control valve 16 .
  • Ammonia stored in the ammonia tank 15 is supplied to the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the first flow control valve 16 controls (that is, adjusts) the flow rate of ammonia supplied from the ammonia tank 15 to the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • An injection valve 33 is provided at the tip of the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the ammonia supplied to the ammonia supply pipe 31 flows through the internal space of the ammonia supply pipe 31 as indicated by the arrow F2.
  • Ammonia passing through the ammonia supply pipe 31 is injected (specifically, sprayed) from the injection valve 33 into the combustion chamber 13c.
  • the injection valve 33 is, for example, a pressure injection valve (i.e., one that atomizes the liquid using the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the injection valve) or an air flow injection valve (i.e., that generates a film of the liquid to be injected, and the film and air to atomize the liquid).
  • a starting fuel tank 17 is connected to a portion of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 outside the casing 13a.
  • the starting fuel tank 17 stores a starting fuel such as natural gas or hydrogen.
  • a second flow control valve 18 is provided in a flow path connecting the starting fuel tank 17 and the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the starting fuel stored in the starting fuel tank 17 is supplied to the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the second flow control valve 18 controls (that is, adjusts) the flow rate of the starting fuel supplied from the starting fuel tank 17 to the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the starting fuel supplied to the starting fuel supply pipe 32 flows in the space between the inner circumference of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the outer circumference of the ammonia supply pipe 31.
  • the starting fuel that has passed through the space is injected into the combustion chamber 13 c from an annular opening between the tip of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the tip of the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is radially separated from the ammonia supply pipe 31 . That is, the inner diameter of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is larger than the outer diameter of the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • Ammonia has the property (that is, flame retardancy) that it is difficult to burn compared to other fuels. Therefore, when the gas turbine system 1 is started (that is, when the combustion device 10 is started), ignition is performed using the starting fuel in the combustion chamber 13c. Specifically, ignition is performed by an ignition device (not shown) while starting fuel is being supplied from the starting fuel supply pipe 32 to the combustion chamber 13c. That is, the starting fuel is used as fuel for ignition.
  • the amount of start-up fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 13c gradually increases, and even if the supply of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c is started, the combustibility in the combustion chamber 13c is maintained at a predetermined level or higher. . In this state, the supply of ammonia from the ammonia supply pipe 31 to the combustion chamber 13c is started.
  • the starting fuel is also used as fuel for supporting combustion (that is, fuel for assisting combustion). After starting the supply of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c, the supply of starting fuel to the combustion chamber 13c may be continued or stopped.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is not arranged between the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the air flow path 23, the ammonia supply pipe 31 is exposed to a high temperature passing through the air flow path 23 (for example, , about 350°C). Therefore, the ammonia supply pipe 31 is directly heated by the air passing through the air flow path 23, and the ammonia in the ammonia supply pipe 31 may vaporize. If ammonia vaporizes in the ammonia supply pipe 31, the injection amount of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c will become unstable. Further, the ammonia vaporized in the ammonia supply pipe 31 is liquefied again as the pressure at the injection valve 33 is lowered. Therefore, ammonia is repeatedly vaporized and liquefied within the ammonia supply pipe 31 and the injection valve 33 . Such a phenomenon also causes the amount of injection of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c to become unstable.
  • the supply of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c is started. Therefore, when the outer peripheral surface of the ammonia supply pipe 31 is not covered with the starting fuel supply pipe 32, the ammonia supply pipe 31 is closed to the air flow path 23 until the supply of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c is started. continue to be directly heated by the air passing through the Therefore, ammonia tends to vaporize in the ammonia supply pipe 31 particularly at the time when the supply of ammonia to the combustion chamber 13c is started.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 32 covers the peripheral surface (specifically, the outer peripheral surface) of the ammonia supply pipe 31, It is arranged between the supply pipe 31 and the air flow path 23 . That is, the start-up fuel channel is interposed between the ammonia channel and the air channel 23 in the radial direction. Thereby, direct heating of the ammonia supply pipe 31 by the air passing through the air flow path 23 can be suppressed. Further, the ammonia supply pipe 31 is cooled by the starting fuel passing between the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the ammonia supply pipe 31 .
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31 is cooled by the starting fuel passing between the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the ammonia supply pipe 31, and the air is supplied to the combustion chamber 13c. Heat transfer from the flow path 23 to the ammonia supply pipe 31 is suppressed.
  • the supply of starting fuel to the combustion chamber 13c is stopped, or although the amount of starting fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 13c is reduced, the ammonia supply pipe Vaporization of ammonia is suppressed by the heat capacity of the ammonia itself passing through 31 .
  • FIG. 1 the configuration other than the burner is the same as that of the gas turbine system 1 described above, so description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a burner 14A according to a first modified example.
  • a combustion device 10A of a gas turbine system 1A according to the first modification includes a burner 14A.
  • the burner 14A differs from the burner 14 described above in that a heat shield tube 41 is further provided.
  • the burner 14 ⁇ /b>A has an ammonia supply pipe 31 , a starting fuel supply pipe 32 and a heat shield pipe 41 .
  • the heat shield tube 41 has a cylindrical shape.
  • the heat shield pipe 41 is arranged coaxially with the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and radially outside the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the heat shield pipe 41 covers the outer peripheral surface of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 . That is, the starting fuel supply pipe 32 is inserted through the heat insulating pipe 41 , and the heat insulating pipe 41 faces the outer peripheral surface of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the heat shield pipe 41 is radially separated from the starting fuel supply pipe 32 . That is, the inner diameter of the heat shield pipe 41 is larger than the outer diameter of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the central axis of the heat shield pipe 41 and the central axis of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 do not have to match.
  • the heat shield pipe 41 is arranged between the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the air flow path 23 .
  • the rear end of the heat shield tube 41 is attached to the inner surface of the casing 13a.
  • the heat shield pipe 41 may be attached to the starting fuel supply pipe 32 .
  • the heat shield tube 41 is inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the tip of the heat shield tube 41 is positioned, for example, in the axial direction to the rear (left side in FIG. 2) of the tip of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 . Since the heat shield tube 41 does not extend into the combustion chamber 13c in this manner, heat is less likely to be conducted from the combustion chamber 13c to the heat shield tube 41.
  • the heat shield tube 41 does not have to be inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b. In this case, the tip of the heat shield tube 41 is located behind the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the heat shield pipe 41 covers the peripheral surface (specifically, the outer peripheral surface) of the starting fuel supply pipe 32, It is arranged between the starting fuel supply pipe 32 and the air flow path 23 .
  • direct heating of the starting fuel supply pipe 32 by the air passing through the air flow path 23 can be suppressed. Therefore, heat transfer from the air flow path 23 to the ammonia supply pipe 31 is more effectively suppressed. Therefore, vaporization of liquid ammonia used as fuel can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the heat shield pipe 41 From the viewpoint of effectively suppressing heat transfer from the air flow path 23 to the ammonia supply pipe 31, it is preferable to form the heat shield pipe 41 from a material with low thermal conductivity.
  • the material of the heat shield tube 41 is selected in consideration of various properties such as strength and heat resistance.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a burner 14B according to a second modified example.
  • a combustion device 10B of a gas turbine system 1B according to the second modification includes a burner 14B.
  • the burner 14B differs from the burner 14 described above in that the ammonia supply pipe 131 has a double cylinder structure.
  • the burner 14B includes an ammonia supply pipe 131 (specifically, an inner pipe 131a and an outer pipe 131b), a starting fuel supply pipe 132 (specifically, a first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and a second starting fuel supply pipe 132a). supply pipe 132b).
  • the ammonia supply pipe 131 has a double cylinder structure including an inner pipe 131a and an outer pipe 131b.
  • the inner tube 131a and the outer tube 131b have a cylindrical shape.
  • the outer tube 131b is arranged coaxially with the inner tube 131a and radially outwardly of the inner tube 131a.
  • the outer tube 131b is radially separated from the inner tube 131a. That is, the inner diameter of the outer tube 131b is larger than the outer diameter of the inner tube 131a.
  • Ammonia is supplied from the ammonia tank 15 to the ammonia supply pipe 131 in the same manner as the ammonia supply pipe 31 described above.
  • An injection valve 133 is provided at the tip of the ammonia supply pipe 131 .
  • Injection valve 133 has an annular shape.
  • the injection valve 133 is provided in an annular opening between the tip of the inner tube 131a and the tip of the outer tube 131b.
  • the ammonia supplied to the ammonia supply pipe 131 flows through the space between the inner peripheral portion of the outer pipe 131b and the outer peripheral portion of the inner pipe 131a.
  • the ammonia that has passed through the space is injected (specifically, sprayed) from the injection valve 133 into the combustion chamber 13c.
  • the injection valve 133 is, for example, a valve similar to the injection valve 33 described above.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 132 includes a first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and a second starting fuel supply pipe 132b. Starting fuel is supplied from the starting fuel tank 17 to the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b in the same manner as the starting fuel supply pipe 32 described above.
  • the first starting fuel supply pipe 132 a is arranged coaxially with the ammonia supply pipe 131 and radially inside the inner pipe 131 a of the ammonia supply pipe 131 .
  • the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a covers the inner peripheral surface of the inner pipe 131a. That is, the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a is inserted through the inner pipe 131a, and the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a faces the inner peripheral surface of the inner pipe 131a.
  • the central axis of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the central axis of the ammonia supply pipe 131 do not have to match.
  • the starting fuel supplied to the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a flows into the space between the outer circumference of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the inner circumference of the inner pipe 131a. flowing.
  • the starting fuel that has passed through the space is injected into the combustion chamber 13c from an annular opening between the tip of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the tip of the inner pipe 131a.
  • the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a is radially separated from the inner pipe 131a. That is, the outer diameter of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner pipe 131a.
  • the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b is arranged coaxially with the ammonia supply pipe 131 and radially outside the outer pipe 131b of the ammonia supply pipe 131 .
  • the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b covers the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe 131b. That is, the outer tube 131b is inserted through the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b, and the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b faces the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe 131b.
  • the central axis of the second startup fuel supply pipe 132b and the central axis of the ammonia supply pipe 131 do not have to match.
  • the starting fuel supplied to the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b enters the space between the inner peripheral portion of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b and the outer peripheral portion of the outer tube 131b. flowing.
  • the starting fuel that has passed through the space is injected into the combustion chamber 13c from an annular opening between the tip of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b and the tip of the outer pipe 131b.
  • the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b is radially separated from the outer pipe 131b. That is, the inner diameter of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b is larger than the outer diameter of the outer pipe 131b.
  • the air flow path 123 includes a first air flow path 123a and a second air flow path 123b.
  • the intake flow path 21 is connected to the first air flow path 123a and the second air flow path 123b, respectively, similarly to the air flow path 23 described above.
  • the first air flow path 123a and the second air flow path 123b communicate with the openings 13f of the liner 13b, respectively, like the air flow path 23 described above.
  • the first air flow path 123a is sectioned by the inner peripheral surface of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the first air flow path 123 a extends along the central axis of the ammonia supply pipe 131 .
  • the first air flow path 123a is arranged radially inward with respect to the inner pipe 131a.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the inner pipe 131a is covered with a first starting fuel supply pipe 132a. That is, the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a is arranged between the inner pipe 131a and the first air flow path 123a.
  • the air sent to the first air flow path 123a passes through the first air flow path 123a and is then injected into the combustion chamber 13c from the tip of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the second air flow path 123b is formed between the inner surface of the casing 13a and the outer surface of the liner 13b, similar to the air flow path 23 described above.
  • the second air flow path 123b is arranged radially outward with respect to the outer tube 131b.
  • An outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe 131b is covered with a second starting fuel supply pipe 132b. That is, the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b is arranged between the outer pipe 131b and the second air flow path 123b.
  • the air sent to the second air flow path 123b passes through the second air flow path 123b and is injected into the combustion chamber 13c through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the air sent to the second air flow path 123b passes between the inner peripheral surface of the communicating portion 13e and the outer peripheral surface of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b and is injected into the combustion chamber 13c. .
  • the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a covers the inner peripheral surface of the inner pipe 131a, and the inner pipe 131a and the first It is arranged between the air flow path 123a. That is, in the radial direction, the starting fuel channel is interposed between the ammonia channel and the first air channel 123a. Accordingly, direct heating of the inner tube 131a by the air passing through the first air flow path 123a can be suppressed. Further, the inner pipe 131a is cooled by the starting fuel passing between the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the inner pipe 131a.
  • the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b covers the outer peripheral surface of the outer pipe 131b and is arranged between the outer pipe 131b and the second air flow path 123b. That is, in the radial direction, the starting fuel channel is interposed between the ammonia channel and the second air channel 123b. As a result, direct heating of the outer tube 131b by the air passing through the second air flow path 123b can be suppressed. Further, the outer tube 131b is cooled by the starting fuel passing between the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b and the outer tube 131b.
  • the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b are provided as the starting fuel supply pipe 132.
  • the starting fuel supply pipe 132 only one of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b may be provided. Even in that case, the heat transfer from the air flow path 123 to the ammonia supply pipe 131 is suppressed, so that the effect of suppressing the vaporization of ammonia can be obtained.
  • the first startup fuel supply pipe 132a and the second startup fuel supply pipe 132b are used as the startup fuel supply pipe 132. preferably provided.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a burner 14C according to a third modified example.
  • a combustion device 10C of a gas turbine system 1C according to the third modification includes a burner 14C.
  • the burner 14C differs from the burner 14B described above in that a heat shield tube 141 is further provided.
  • the burner 14C includes an ammonia supply pipe 131 (specifically, an inner pipe 131a and an outer pipe 131b), a starting fuel supply pipe 132 (specifically, a first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and a second starting fuel supply pipe 132a). It has a supply pipe 132b) and a heat shield pipe 141 (specifically, a first heat shield pipe 141a and a second heat shield pipe 141b).
  • the heat shield tube 141 includes a first heat shield tube 141a and a second heat shield tube 141b.
  • the first heat shield tube 141a and the second heat shield tube 141b have a cylindrical shape.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a is arranged coaxially with the first start-up fuel supply pipe 132a and radially inside the first start-up fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a covers the inner peripheral surface of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a. That is, the first heat shield pipe 141a is inserted through the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a, and the first heat shield pipe 141a faces the inner peripheral surface of the first start fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a is radially separated from the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a. That is, the outer diameter of the first heat shield pipe 141a is smaller than the inner diameter of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a is arranged between the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the first air flow path 123a. That is, in the third modification, the first air flow path 123a is sectioned by the inner peripheral surface of the first heat shield tube 141a.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a is attached to, for example, the first startup fuel supply pipe 132a. However, the first heat shield pipe 141a may be attached to a member of the burner 14C other than the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a.
  • the first heat shield tube 141a is inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the tip of the first heat shield pipe 141a is positioned, for example, in the axial direction behind the tip of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a (left side in FIG. 4). However, the first heat shield tube 141a does not have to be inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b. In this case, the tip of the first heat shield tube 141a is located behind the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b is arranged coaxially with the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b and radially outside the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b covers the outer peripheral surface of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b. That is, the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b is inserted through the second heat insulation pipe 141b, and the second heat insulation pipe 141b faces the outer peripheral surface of the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b is radially separated from the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b. That is, the inner diameter of the second heat shield pipe 141b is larger than the outer diameter of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b is arranged between the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b and the second air flow path 123b.
  • the rear end of the second heat shield tube 141b is attached to the inner surface of the casing 13a.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b may be attached to the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b.
  • the second heat shield tube 141b is inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the tip of the second heat shield pipe 141b is positioned, for example, in the axial direction behind the tip of the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b (left side in FIG. 4).
  • the second heat shield tube 141b does not have to be inserted through the opening 13f of the liner 13b. In this case, the tip of the second heat shield tube 141b is located behind the opening 13f of the liner 13b.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a covers the inner peripheral surface of the first start-up fuel supply pipe 132a and the first start-up fuel supply pipe 132a. It is arranged between the fuel supply pipe 132a and the first air flow path 123a. As a result, direct heating of the first starting fuel supply pipe 132a by the air passing through the first air flow path 123a can be suppressed. Therefore, heat transfer from the first air flow path 123a to the inner pipe 131a is more effectively suppressed.
  • the second heat shield pipe 141b covers the outer peripheral surface of the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b and is arranged between the second start-up fuel supply pipe 132b and the second air flow path 123b.
  • vaporization of liquid ammonia used as fuel can be more effectively suppressed in the combustion device 10C including the ammonia supply pipe 131 having a double-cylinder structure. .
  • the heat shield pipe 141 From the viewpoint of effectively suppressing heat transfer from the air flow path 123 to the ammonia supply pipe 131, it is preferable to form the heat shield pipe 141 from a material with low thermal conductivity.
  • the material for the heat shield tube 141 is selected in consideration of various properties such as strength and heat resistance.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a and the second heat shield pipe 141b are provided as the heat shield pipes 141
  • the heat shield tube 141 only one of the first heat shield tube 141a and the second heat shield tube 141b may be provided. Even in that case, direct heating of the starting fuel supply pipe 132 by the air passing through the air flow path 123 is suppressed, so that the effect of effectively suppressing the vaporization of ammonia can be obtained.
  • the first heat shield pipe 141a and the second heat shield pipe 141b are used as the heat shield pipe 141. It is preferably provided.
  • first starting fuel supply pipe 132a and the second starting fuel supply pipe 132b are provided as the starting fuel supply pipe 132
  • first fuel supply pipe 132 a for startup may be provided as the fuel supply pipe 132 for startup
  • first heat insulation pipe 141 a may be provided as the heat insulation pipe 141
  • second fuel supply pipe 132b for startup may be provided as the fuel supply pipe 132 for startup
  • second heat insulation pipe 141b may be provided as the heat insulation pipe 141.
  • the need to increase the axial length of the first heat shield pipe 141a is 2 higher than the need to lengthen the axial length of the heat shield tube 141b.
  • the tip of the first heat shield tube 141a is closer to the combustion chamber 13c than the tip of the second heat shield tube 141b.
  • the gas turbine system 1, the gas turbine system 1A, the gas turbine system 1B, and the gas turbine system 1C use the rotational power generated by the supercharger 11 as energy for driving the generator 12. .
  • the rotational power generated by the turbocharger 11 is used for other purposes (for example, the purpose of driving a moving body such as a ship). ) may be used.
  • combustion device 10 An example in which the combustion device 10, the combustion device 10A, the combustion device 10B, and the combustion device 10C are used in the gas turbine system has been described above.
  • the combustion device 10, the combustion device 10A, the combustion device 10B, and the combustion device 10C are used in devices other than the gas turbine system (for example, an industrial furnace that utilizes energy recovered from exhaust heat or the like for combustion in a combustor). may be used.
  • the ammonia supply pipe 31, the startup fuel supply pipe 32, the heat shield pipe 41, the ammonia supply pipe 131, the startup fuel supply pipe 132, and the heat shield pipe 141 have been described above with reference to the drawings.
  • the wall thickness, inner diameter and outer diameter of each of these tubes are constant at each axial position.
  • the wall thickness, inner diameter, or outer diameter of each of these tubes may not be constant at each position in the axial direction.
  • each of these tubes need not be straight.
  • each of these tubes may be bent inside or outside casing 13a.
  • the air flow path 23 is sent to the combustion chamber 13c after passing between the outer peripheral surface of the liner 13b and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 13a.
  • the routes of the air flow paths 23 and 123 are not limited to this example (that is, the turn-flow type).
  • Gas turbine system 1A Gas turbine system 1B: Gas turbine system 1C: Gas turbine system 10: Combustion device 10A: Combustion device 10B: Combustion device 10C: Combustion device 13b: Liner 13c: Combustion chamber 13f: Opening 23: Air flow Path 31: Ammonia supply pipe 32: Starting fuel supply pipe 41: Heat shield pipe 123: Air flow path 123a: First air flow path 123b: Second air flow path 131: Ammonia supply pipe 131a: Inner pipe 131b: Outer pipe 132 : Starting fuel supply pipe 132a: First starting fuel supply pipe 132b: Second starting fuel supply pipe 141: Heat shield pipe 141a: First heat shield pipe 141b: Second heat shield pipe

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/009178 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム Ceased WO2022202196A1 (ja)

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CN202280019207.6A CN116981887A (zh) 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 燃烧装置以及燃气涡轮系统
JP2023508891A JP7613558B2 (ja) 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム
EP22774992.6A EP4317787A4 (en) 2021-03-26 2022-03-03 COMBUSTION DEVICE AND GAS TURBINE SYSTEM
US18/462,910 US12392281B2 (en) 2021-03-26 2023-09-07 Combustion device and gas turbine system for suppressing vaporization of ammonia

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CN116293822A (zh) * 2023-05-16 2023-06-23 西安交通大学 一种氢气助燃的液氨直喷多级旋流燃烧室
DE102023209964A1 (de) 2023-06-07 2024-12-12 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Gasturbine mit Ammoniak-Cracker und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Gasturbine
WO2025023006A1 (ja) * 2023-07-21 2025-01-30 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム
WO2026018585A1 (ja) * 2024-07-18 2026-01-22 三菱重工業株式会社 バーナ及びこれを備えたボイラ

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GB202017854D0 (en) * 2020-11-12 2020-12-30 Univ College Cardiff Consultants Ltd Combustor systems and methods
EP4667725A1 (en) * 2024-06-21 2025-12-24 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Hybrid fuel gas turbine engine and method for controlling a hybrid fuel gas turbine engine

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DE102023209964A1 (de) 2023-06-07 2024-12-12 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Gasturbine mit Ammoniak-Cracker und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Gasturbine
WO2025023006A1 (ja) * 2023-07-21 2025-01-30 株式会社Ihi 燃焼装置およびガスタービンシステム
WO2026018585A1 (ja) * 2024-07-18 2026-01-22 三菱重工業株式会社 バーナ及びこれを備えたボイラ

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