WO2022199803A1

WO2022199803A1 - Multilayer concrete slab and connecting element for connecting a base layer and a facing layer of a multilayer concrete slab

Info

Publication number: WO2022199803A1
Application number: PCT/EP2021/057493
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johannes HEDRICH; Dirk Albartus; Viktor MOOK
Original assignee: Leviat GmbH
Priority date: 2021-03-23
Filing date: 2021-03-23
Publication date: 2022-09-29

Abstract

A multilayer concrete slab (1) comprises a base layer (2) and a facing layer (3) made of concrete, and a thermal insulation layer (4) arranged between the base layer (2) and the facing layer (3). The concrete slab (1) has a slab plane (5) and a vertical plane (6) that is intended to be arranged vertically in the installed state and extends perpendicularly to the slab plane (5). The base layer (2) and the facing layer (3) are connected via connecting elements (11, 12, 13) that that project through the thermal insulation layer (4) with connecting portions (17, 18, 19) and are incorporated by anchoring portions (15, 16) in the concrete of the facing layer (3) and in the concrete of the base layer (2). The concrete slab (1) has a plurality of first connecting elements (11) for transmitting forces acting perpendicularly to the slab plane (5) and a plurality of second connecting elements (12) for transmitting vertical forces between the facing layer (3) and the base layer. The connecting portions (18) of the second connecting elements (12) each extend parallel to the vertical plane (6) and in a manner inclined at an angle (a) of 15° to 75° with respect to the slab plane (5). All the connecting portions (18) of the second connecting elements (12) are inclined in the same direction with respect to the slab plane (5). The first connecting elements (11) and the second connecting elements (12) are formed from bent wire and the connecting portions (18) of the second connecting elements (12) are the only connecting portions of connecting elements (11, 12, 13) of the concrete slab (1) that extend both parallel to the vertical plane (6) and in a manner inclined with respect to the slab plane (5).

Description

Multi-layer concrete slab and connecting element for connecting a base layer and a facing layer of a multi-layer concrete slab

The invention relates to a multi-layer concrete slab of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1. A connecting element for connecting a base layer and a facing layer of a multi-layer concrete slab.

Multilayer concrete slabs, which have a base layer, a facing layer and a thermal insulation layer arranged between these layers, are well known.

DE 198 48 228 A1 discloses a multilayer concrete slab in which U-shaped connec tion elements are provided for the transmission of forces acting perpendicularly to the plane of the slab. Lattice girder elements are provided for load transfer parallel to the plane of the plate.

For the transmission of forces acting parallel to the plane of the slab, it is also known to use plate-shaped connecting elements which, at their ends protruding into the concrete slab, have openings for receiving reinforcing rods. Such Ver connecting elements are more complex to handle during production of the panel, since the insulating layer has to be provided with slots to accommodate the connecting elements. The connection of the connecting elements with reinforcement of the plate or with separate reinforcement elements requires increased effort in the manufacture of the plate position.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a multi-layer concrete slab that is easy to produce. A further object of the invention is to provide a connec tion element for connecting a base layer and a facing layer of a multi- specify layered concrete slab with which a simple and robust construction of a slab can be achieved and which allows easy manufacturability of the slab.

With regard to the multilayer concrete slab, this object is achieved by a concrete slab having the features of claim 1 . With regard to the connecting element, the object is solved by a connecting element having the features of claim 16.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that sufficient force transmission between the base layer and the facing layer both in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the panel and in the vertical direction when installed via connecting sections of first connecting elements running perpendicular to the plane of the panel and parallel to a plateau of the panel and inclined to the plane of the panel Connecting sections of second Ver connecting elements can be achieved. At this time, all the connecting portions of the second connecting members are inclined in the same direction. In particular, the panel is to be installed in such a way that the connecting sections slope down from the base layer to the facing layer. Connecting elements whose connecting sections are directed in the opposite direction, i.e. in particular from the base layer to the facing layer in a descending direction, are not required. The corresponding load components can be absorbed by the connecting sections of the first connecting elements, which are aligned perpendicularly to the plane of the plate.

The fact that only connecting sections with an orientation perpendicular to the plane of the plate and an orientation in a direction inclined to the plane of the plate for the transmission of forces acting perpendicular to the plane of the plate and the vertical

Forces acting in the direction are required, simple connecting elements can be used. The invention provides that all of the first connec tion elements and all of the second connection elements are made of bent wire. Due to the formation of bent wire, the connecting elements can be inserted through the insulating layer into the already cast, underlying base layer or facing layer. Pre-drilling holes in the insulating layer or cutting the insulating layer to size in order to be able to create space for the connecting elements can advantageously be omitted. All the first connecting elements and all the second connecting elements are advantageously formed identically with respect to the anchoring sections projecting into the base layer. In particular, all of the first connecting elements and all of the second connecting elements are of identical design with regard to the anchoring sections protruding into the facing layer. Preferably, anchoring sections of the third connecting elements that protrude into the facing layer or the base layer of the concrete slab are designed identically to the anchoring sections of the first and second connecting elements that protrude into this layer of the concrete slab. The connecting sections of the second connecting elements are particularly preferably longer than the connecting sections of the first connecting elements.

Third connecting elements can be provided to absorb torsional forces. The connecting sections of the third connecting elements are preferably just as long as the connecting sections of the second connecting elements. The second connecting elements and the third connecting elements are preferably of identical design. However, a different configuration of the third connecting elements, in particular a different length of the connecting sections of the third connecting elements, can also be advantageous. As a result, a very simple construction of the concrete slab is achieved overall. The fact that the connecting sections have an elongated shape, the connecting elements can be easily inserted through the insulating layer in the production of the concrete slab, without holes or

Slots must be drilled or cut in the insulation layer. This makes it easy to manufacture the concrete slab.

Advantageously, at least one connecting section of at least one connecting element is straight and has a longitudinal center axis. Advantageous are Binding sections of the first and second connecting elements are straight and have a longitudinal central axis which is perpendicular to the plane of the plate in the case of the first connecting elements and parallel to the plateau and the plane of the plate in the case of the second connecting elements by an angle of 15° to 75°. Particularly preferably, all connecting sections of all connecting elements of the concrete slab have a straight connecting section.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the concrete slab has only connecting elements made of bent wire. The diameter of the wire is advantageously chosen so that it is not necessary to pre-drill openings through the insulating layer. The diameter of the wire of the connecting elements is advantageously 2 mm to 12 mm, in particular 3 mm to 10 mm.

For anchoring in the concrete of the base layer and the facing layer, the connecting elements advantageously have anchoring sections that are at least partially in the

Base layer and the facing layer are arranged.

All anchoring sections of the connecting elements in one layer of the concrete slab, ie in the base layer and/or the facing layer, are preferably of the same, particularly preferably identical, design. Alternatively, the anchoring sections of all connecting elements of a layer of the concrete slab have the same anchoring depth.

Advantageously, at least one first anchoring section of a connecting element has at least one first bent section, which runs in a first bending plane containing the central longitudinal axis. The at least one curved section is advantageously designed in an approximately wavy manner. The at least one curved section advantageously runs in an arc starting from the longitudinal center axis. The curved section particularly preferably extends back at least as far as the longitudinal center axis. The connecting element advantageously has a second curved section which runs in a second bending plane containing the longitudinal center axis.

It is known to design anchoring sections of connecting elements in a wavy manner. The wavy ends of the connecting elements run in one plane. It has now been shown that cracks in multi-layer concrete slabs can form in such a way that the wavy anchoring sections lie in the plane of the crack. As a result, there is no or only very poor anchoring of the connecting elements in the layers of the concrete slab. In order to maintain the anchoring of the connecting elements in the concrete of the layers even in the event of a crack, it is advantageously provided that the first bending plane encloses an angle with the second bending plane. The angle between the first and the second bending plane is advantageously from 15° to 90°, in particular from 30° to 90°. An angle of about 90° between the bending planes is considered particularly advantageous. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the first bending plane and the second bending plane are at a distance from one another. In the event of crack formation, the anchoring of the connecting elements in the layers can also be maintained by bending planes that are spaced apart from one another. In the case of cracked concrete, this can improve the bonding effect.

In an advantageous embodiment variant it is provided that the first anchoring section has the at least one second curved section. Accordingly, an anchoring section is provided which has both a first curved section and a second curved section, the first curved section and the second curved section running in different planes. The first anchoring section particularly preferably has a plurality of first curved sections and a plurality of second curved sections. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first curved sections and the second curved sections are arranged alternately. In an alternative advantageous embodiment variant it is provided that a second anchoring section has the at least one second curved section. Accordingly, the connecting element has a first anchoring section with at least one first bent section lying in a first bending plane and a second anchoring section with at least one second bent section lying in a second bending plane. It can be provided that the first anchoring section has curved sections running only in the first bending plane and the second anchoring section has second curved sections running only in the second bending plane. However, it can also be provided that both the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section have first bent sections lying in the first bending plane and second bent sections lying in the second bending plane. It can also be advantageous for the bent sections of the two anchoring sections to run in different first and second bending planes. The bending planes of the two anchoring sections can run at an angle to one another or run parallel to one another at a distance.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the connecting element has a connecting section to which two identically designed anchoring sections are connected. The two anchoring sections preferably form the ends of the connecting element. The connecting element is therefore needle-shaped or rod-shaped and advantageously extends essentially along the longitudinal center axis of the connecting section. In an alternative embodiment variant it is provided that the connecting element has two connecting sections which are connected to one another via an anchoring section. The two connecting sections of the connecting element preferably run parallel to one another. Advantageously, a further anchoring section connects to the other side of the connec tion sections. The connecting element is advantageously approximately U-shaped. The other anchoring sections are preferably wave-shaped anchoring sections that have first and/or second curved sections. It can also be provided that the two anchoring sections have bent sections in at least a first bending plane and the anchoring section that connects the two connecting sections to one another is arranged in a second bending plane. It can also be provided that an anchoring section has bent sections in a first bending plane, a second anchoring section has bent sections in a second bending plane and the anchoring section, which connects the two connecting sections to one another, is arranged in a third bending plane, with the first and the third level of bending and the second and the third

enclose an angle of at least 15° in each bending plane. The anchoring section, which connects the connecting sections to one another, preferably also forms a curved section. More curved sections in other bending planes can be advantageous.

In order to absorb torsional forces, for example due to warping due to thermal expansion, it is advantageously provided that the concrete slab has at least one third connecting element, the connecting section of which runs parallel to a transverse plane running perpendicular to the plateau. Accordingly, the connecting section runs in a plane that runs horizontally in the installed state. The connecting section is advantageously inclined at an angle of 15° to 75° with respect to the plate plane. Advantageously, two connecting sections of one or more third connec tion elements are provided which tend to ge in opposite directions to the plane of the plate. Particularly preferably, two third connecting elements are arranged in pairs and mirror-symmetrically to one another.

The at least one third connection element is particularly preferably configured identically to the second connection element. All connecting elements are advantageously designed in the same way. Advantageously, the connecting elements differ only in the length of the connecting sections and the anchoring sections, particularly advantageous only in the length of the connecting sections. The connection elements are advantageously identical in their anchoring sections. Each connecting element is advantageously anchored in the supporting layer with identical anchoring sections. In this case, each connecting element can have two or more different anchoring sections, the type and number of which, however, is the same for all connecting elements.

The fact that the first, second and third connecting elements are formed in the same way and differ only in the length of their connecting sections and in their arrangement and orientation in the plate results in a very simple structure. The storage for the production of the panels is significantly simplified.

For a connecting element for connecting a base layer and a facing layer of a multi-layer concrete slab, it is provided that the connecting element has a straight connecting section and an anchoring section adjoining the connecting section. The anchoring section of the connecting element has at least a first curved section which runs in a first bending plane containing the longitudinal central axis of the connecting section. The connecting element has a second curved section which runs in a second bending plane, with the first and second bending planes enclosing an angle of between 15° and 90°, in particular between 30° and 90°. Both curved sections are intended to be arranged in the same layer of a concrete slab. The two bent portions may be formed on an anchor portion. It can also be provided that the first and the second curved section are formed on two anchoring sections. The connecting element advantageously has two connecting sections which are connected to one another via an anchoring section and two further anchoring sections on the sides of the connecting sections which are remote from this anchoring section. is beneficial a first bent portion is formed on one of the further anchoring portions and a second bent portion is formed on the other of the further anchoring portions. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a schematic perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer concrete slab,

Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the concrete slab from Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a first

Connecting element of the concrete slab from Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a second

Connecting element of the concrete slab from Figs. 1 and 2,

Fig. 5 shows a side view of the connecting element from Fig. 3,

Fig. 6 shows a side view of the connecting element from Fig. 3 or Fig.

4 in the direction of arrow VI in Fig. 5,

7 shows a schematic side view of the connecting element from FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 in an enlarged representation in the direction of arrow VII in FIG. 5,

8 shows a schematic perspective representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a concrete slab, Fig. 9 shows a schematic side view of the concrete slab from Fig. 8,

10 shows a perspective view of a connecting element of the concrete slab from FIGS. 8 and 9,

FIG. 11 shows a side view of the connecting element from FIG. 10,

12 shows a side view of the connecting element from FIG. 10 in the direction of arrow XII in FIG. 11,

13 shows an enlarged schematic representation of the connecting element from FIG. 10 in the direction of arrow XIII in FIG. 12,

14 shows a schematic view of a further exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer concrete slab,

15 to 17 shows sections XV to XVII from FIG. 14 in an enlarged representation, FIG. 18 shows a section of a schematic view in the direction of arrow XVIII in FIG. 17,

19 shows a section along the line XIX-XIX in FIG. 14 in a schematic representation,

20 and 21 shows sections XX and XXI from FIG. 19 in an enlarged representation,

22 shows a side view of a further exemplary embodiment of a connecting element, Fig. 23 is a view of the connector from Fig. 22 in the direction of arrow XXIII in Fig. 22, Fig. 24 is an enlarged view of the connector from Fig. 22 in

direction of arrow IV in Fig. 22,

Fig. 25 is a side view of another embodiment of a connecting element,

26 shows a side view of the connecting element from FIG. 25 in the direction of arrow XXVI in FIG. 25,

Fig. 27 is an enlarged view of the connector of Fig. 25 in the direction of arrow XXVII in Fig. 25.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a multi-layer concrete slab 1. The multi-layer concrete slab 1 comprises a base layer 2 made of concrete and a facing layer 3 made of concrete. The facing layer 3 is preferably thinner than the base layer 2. Between the facing layer 3 and the base layer 2, a thermal insulation layer 4 is arranged. The thermal barrier layer 4 can be, for example, a layer of foamed plastic material such as styrofoam or the like. The heat-insulating layer 4 is shown as an example and can have a significantly greater thickness than shown. Such multilayer concrete slabs 1 are also referred to as sandwich slabs.

The concrete slab 1 has a slab plane 5 which runs through the thermal insulation layer 4 in the middle between the facing layer 3 and the base layer 2 . The plate plane 5 runs vertically in the installed state. The concrete slab 1 also has a plateau 6 which runs perpendicular to the slab plane 5 . The plateau 6 extends vertically by base layer 2, facing layer 3 and thermal insulation layer 4. The concrete slab 1 has a transverse plane 7. The transverse plane 7 runs perpendicular to the plate level 5. The transverse plane 7 runs perpendicular to the plateau 6. The transverse plane 7 runs perpendicularly through the base layer 2, intent layer 3 and thermal insulation layer 4. When installed, the plateau 6 runs vertically. The transverse plane 7 runs horizon tal when installed. Depending on the alignment during installation, the forces acting on the layers of the concrete slab are determined and the connecting elements are designed accordingly. To connect the base layer 2 and the facing layer 3 and to transfer forces between the layers, the base layer 2 and the facing layer 3 are connected to one another via first connecting elements 11 and second connecting elements 12 . The connecting elements 11 and 12 differ from one another in terms of their installation position. The connecting elements 11 and 12 are rod-shaped or needle-shaped. The connecting elements 11 and 12 consist of bent wire. The wire diameter is preferably from 2 mm to 12 mm, in particular from 3 mm to 10 mm. The first connecting elements 11 are aligned horizontally and run essentially parallel to the plateau 6 and the transverse plane 7. The second connecting elements 12 run approximately parallel to the plateau 6. The second connecting elements 12 run inclined to the plate plane 5 and the transverse plane 7. The connecting elements 12 fall in the installed position from the supporting layer 2 to the layer 3 before set down.

As FIG. 2 shows, the first connecting elements 11 have a straight connecting section 17 which runs through the thermal insulation layer 4 . At the connec tion section 17 close both in the base layer 2 and in the facing layer 4 anchoring sections 14 at. The anchoring sections 14 are embedded in the concrete of the base layer 2 or the facing layer 3 . In the exemplary embodiment, the anchoring sections 14 are embedded in the base layer 2 with an embedded depth d. The anchoring sections 14 are embedded in the facing layer 3 with an embedded depth e. The embedment depths d and e are advantageously about the same size. The anchoring sections 14 run, as will be described in more detail below, in curved sections 23 and 24. The connecting section 17 is straight and has a longitudinal center axis 20 on. This longitudinal central axis 20 is aligned perpendicularly to the plate plane 5 . The connecting section 17 has a length b measured in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 20 . The length b can advantageously correspond approximately to the thickness of the insulating layer 4 .

In the exemplary embodiment, a row of first connecting elements 11 is arranged in relation to the installation position in the upper area of the concrete slab 1 and in the lower area of the concrete slab 1 . Additional rows of first connecting elements 11 can also be provided depending on the forces to be transmitted and the size of the concrete slab 1 . In the vertical direction between two rows of first connecting elements 11, a row of second connecting elements 12 is arranged in the exemplary embodiment. The second connecting elements 12 have a connecting section 18 which is straight and has a longitudinal central axis 21 . The longitudinal center axis 21 is inclined to the plate plane 5 at an angle a. The angle a is advantageously from 15° to 75°, in particular from 30° to 60°. The connecting section 18 has a length c measured in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 21 . The length c of the connecting section 18 is advantageously greater than the length b of the connecting section 17. The length c advantageously corresponds approximately to the length b divided by sin(a).

The connection section 18 is followed by anchoring sections 15 both in the base layer 2 and in the facing layer 3 . The anchoring sections 15 are embedded in the concrete of the base layer 2 or the facing layer 3 . The Ankerungsab sections 15 are integrated into the base layer 2 with an anchoring depth d. The anchoring sections 15 are integrated with an anchoring depth e in the front layer. The embedment depths d in the base layer 2 are advantageously the same for all connecting elements 11, 12 within the scope of manufacturing accuracy. The integration depths e in the facing layer 3 for all connecting elements 11, 12 within the scope of the manufacturing accuracies the same.

The anchoring section 15 in the facing layer 3 is lower than the anchoring section 15 in the base layer 2 in the installed state. The longitudinal central axis 21 lies in the sectional plane shown in FIG. 2 and accordingly runs parallel to the plateau 6 (FIG. 1). As shown in FIG. 1, first connecting elements 11 and a second connec tion element 12 are arranged in a common plane running parallel to the plateau 6 .

All anchoring sections 14, 15 in the base layer 2 are advantageously of the same, in particular identical, design. All anchoring sections 14, 15 in the facing layer 3 are advantageously of the same, in particular identical, design.

To produce the concrete slab 1, the base layer 2 can first be concreted and then the thermal insulation layer 4 can be laid. The connecting elements 11 and 12 can be pushed through the thermal insulation layer 4 . Due to the long and thin shape of the connecting elements 11 and 12, it is not necessary to cut or provide the thermal insulation layer 4 with holes, for example by drilling. This is made possible by the design of the connecting elements 11 and 12 made of bent wire. As a result, the concrete slab 1 can be produced quickly and easily. The connecting elements 11 and 12 are pushed through the thermal insulation layer 4 into the base layer 2 when the concrete of the base layer 2 has not yet fully set. The facing layer 3 is then concreted. A different order in which the layers are produced can also be provided.

In order to enable good power transmission and anchoring in the base layer 2 and the facing layer 3, the anchoring sections 14 and 15 are in special way trained. In known connecting elements, wavy anchoring sections run in the same plane. As a result, the connecting elements are of flat design. If cracks form in the concrete slab 1, which run in the plane of the anchoring sections, the connecting elements 14, 15 are no longer held sufficiently. In order to anchor the connecting elements as well as possible in the layers of the concrete slab 1 even if cracks form, it is provided that the anchoring sections 14 and 15 not only run in one plane but in at least two bending planes 25 and 26 . In the exemplary embodiment, each anchoring section 14, 15 has bent sections 23 and 24, which run in mutually perpendicular bending planes 25 and 26, as shown in FIGS. In the exemplary embodiment, each anchoring section 14, 15 has at least one, in the exemplary embodiment two first curved sections 23 which extend in a first bending plane 25. Each anchoring section 14, 15 also has two second bent sections 24 which extend in a second plane 25 of bending. As shown in FIG. 7, the bending planes 25 and 26 enclose an angle β. The angle β is advantageously from 15° to 90°, in particular from 30° to 90°. In the exemplary embodiment, an angle β of approximately 90° is provided.

As FIGS. 5 and 6 also show, the two first bent sections 23 of an anchoring section 14, 15 extend on opposite sides of the second bending plane 26. The two second bent sections 24 of an anchoring section 14, 15 extend, as shown in FIG 5 shows, on opposite sides of the first bending plane 25. As shown in FIG central axis 20, 21 extend away. When looking in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 20, 21, curved sections 23 and 24 that are adjacent to one another in the circumferential direction are each rotated by the angle β about the longitudinal center axis 20, 21 with respect to one another. As a result, good anchoring of the anchoring sections 14, 15 in the surrounding concrete is achieved with a simple structure and simple assembly.

The exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 8 to 13 shows a concrete slab 1 with connecting elements 11 and 12, each of which is approximately U-shaped. Each connec tion element 11, 12 has two connecting portions 17 or 18 on. The two Ver connecting sections 17, 18 extend through the thermal insulation layer 4. The connec tion sections 17 and 18 are each formed as straight wire sections. The first connecting elements 11 are aligned in such a way that the longitudinal center axes 20 of the two connecting sections 17 extend perpendicularly to the plane of the panel through the thermal insulation layer. The two connecting sections 17 can advantageously be arranged in a common plane running parallel to the transverse plane 7 . In an alternative embodiment it can be provided that the two connecting sections 17 of a connecting element 11 are arranged in a common plane running parallel to the plateau 6 . The connecting sections 17 have a length b. The length b advantageously corresponds approximately to the thickness of the insulating layer 4.

The connecting sections 18 of the second connecting elements 12 run parallel to the plateau 6. To the plate plane 5, the connecting sections 18 of the second connecting elements 12 run inclined by the angle β. The angle β is 15° to 75°, in particular 30° to 60°. The angle ß is measured between the longitudinal center axis 21 and the plane 5 of the plate. The connecting sections 18 have a length c. The length c is advantageously greater than the length b of the connecting sections 17. The length c advantageously corresponds approximately to the length b divided by sin(a).

FIG. 10 shows an example of a connecting element, which can be a first connecting element 11 or a second connecting element 12 . The connecting elements 11 and 12 advantageously only differ in the length of the connecting sections 17 and 18. As shown in particular in FIGS. 10 and 11, the two connecting sections 17 and 18 of a connecting element 11, 12 are on one side via a third Anchoring section 16 connected to each other. In the exemplary embodiment, the third anchoring section 16 is arranged in the base layer 2 . The anchoring sections 16 of the first and second connecting elements 11 and 12 are advantageously of the same type, in particular identical. On the side facing away from the third anchoring section 16 , further ones connect to the connecting sections 17 , 18

Anchoring sections 14 and 15 respectively. The anchoring sections 14 or 15 are embedded in the facing layer 3, as shown in FIG. The anchoring sections 14 and 15 of the first and second connecting elements are advantageously of the same type, in particular identical. The length of the anchoring sections 15 of the second connecting elements, measured in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 21, can be greater than the length of the anchoring sections 14 of the first connecting elements 11, measured in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 20.

The anchoring sections 16 are embedded in the base layer 2 with an anchoring depth d. The embedment depth d is advantageous for everyone within the scope of manufacturing accuracy

Connecting elements 11 and 12 the same. The anchoring sections 14 and 15 are embedded in the facing layer 3 with an anchoring depth e. The anchoring depth e is advantageously the same for all connecting elements 11 and 12 within the scope of manufacturing accuracy. 11 to 13 show the design of the anchoring portions 14 and 15 in an individual. The anchoring sections 14, 15 are identical to the anchoring sections 14, 15 of the previous embodiment. The anchoring sections 14, 15 are also arranged mirror-symmetrically to each other. like fig

13 shows, the first bent sections 23 extend in bending planes 25 and the second bent sections 24 of the two anchoring sections 14 and 15 extend in a common second bending plane 26. Bent sections 23 and 24, which are the same distance from the respective connecting section 17 , 18 each extend to opposite sides of the bending planes 25 and 26, respectively. Two adjacent second bent sections 24, which are arranged in the bending plane 25, which also contains the anchoring section 16, extend thereby towards each other and two further adjacent second bent portions 24 extend away from each other. First bent sections 23, which are arranged between a connecting section 17, 18 and a second bent section 24, extend on the opposite side of the second bending plane 26. First bent sections, which are arranged between two second bent sections 24, extend in the exemplary embodiment opposite sides of the second bend plane 26.

The two bending planes 25 are at a distance a from one another. The distance a corresponds to the distance between the longitudinal center axes 20, 21 of the two Verbindungsab sections 17, 18.

In the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 1 and according to FIG. 8, all the connecting elements 11 and 12 of the concrete slab 1 are designed identically to one another and are only arranged differently by adapting the length of the sections. All connecting elements 11 and 12 preferably have anchoring sections 14 and 15 which are identical to one another. Advantageously, the connecting elements 11 and 12 differ only in the length b, c of their connecting sections 17 and 18. As shown in FIGS. 8 to 13, the two connecting sections 17 and 18 of a connecting element 11, 12 are arranged side by side in the installed position. When viewing direction perpendicular to the plateau 6, the connecting sections 17 and 18 are congruent one above the other, as shown in FIG. As FIG. 14 shows and is described in more detail below, a different alignment of the two connecting sections 17 of the first connecting elements 11 with respect to one another can also be advantageous.

Fig. 14 shows another embodiment of a concrete slab 1. The concrete slab 1 has a slab reinforcement, which extends both in the base layer 2 and in the front layer 3 . The slab reinforcement is formed by transverse reinforcements 8 and high reinforcements 9, which are arranged in a grid. Also in the execution In the examples shown in the preceding figures, corresponding plate reinforcements can advantageously be provided. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 19, the base layer 2 and facing layer 3 of the concrete slab 1 are connected to one another via first connecting elements 11 , second connecting elements 12 and third connecting elements 13 . Further connecting elements between layers 2 and 3 are not provided.

All connecting elements 11, 12, 13 of the concrete slab 1 are formed identical to each other. The connecting elements 12 and 13 are advantageously of identical design. The connecting elements 12 and 13 differ in particular only in their orientation relative to the plate plane 5. The connecting sections 17 of the first connecting elements 11 advantageously have a shorter length than the connecting sections 18 and 19 of the connecting elements 12 and 13. All connecting elements 11, 12 are advantageous and 13 of a concrete slab 1 are of identical design. Advantageously, all connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 of a concrete slab 1 have identical, in particular identical, anchoring sections 14, anchoring sections 15 and anchoring sections 16. Similar connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 within the meaning of the present application are connecting elements 11, 12, 13, de ren connecting sections 17, 18, 19 and anchoring sections 14, 15, 16 borrowed only in their length and / or the number of bent Sections 23, 24 and / or the orientation of the curved sections 23, 24 differ. If the bent sections 23, 24 have different directions, the position of the bending planes 25, 26 relative to the longitudinal central axis 20, 21, 22 and the position of the bending planes 25, 26 are advantageously the same as one another. The position of the bending planes 25, 26 in relation to the third anchoring section 16 is also preferably the same.

It can be provided that the anchoring sections 14, 15 and 16 differ in their length under different connecting elements 11, 12 and 13. It can also be provided that the number of bent sections 23 and 24 is different. At least a partial section of the anchoring sections 14 and 15 is preferred which contains at least one, in particular a plurality of curved sections 23 and 24, are of identical design.

As FIG. 14 shows, a total of four rows of first connecting elements 11 are provided. Between the bottom row of first connecting elements 11 and the overlying row of connecting elements 11 a row of second connec tion elements 12 is arranged. Further rows of first connecting elements 11 are arranged above this. Advantageously, several rows of first connecting elements 11 and exactly one row of second connecting elements 12 are provided. All first and second connecting elements 11 and 12 of the concrete slab 1 are advantageously arranged in rows and columns.

Two third connecting elements 13 are provided approximately in the center of the plate. The first connection elements 11 are provided for the transmission of horizontal loads. The second connecting elements 12 are used to transmit vertically directed loads, for example from the weight of the facing layer 3. The third connecting elements 13 are used in particular to transmit torsional forces which can arise as a result of thermal expansion, for example. The number and arrangement of the first, second and third connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 is calculated on the basis of the forces that occur. A different number of rows and columns of first and second connecting elements 11 and 12 or a different number and arrangement of third connecting elements 13 can also be advantageous. In an advantageous embodiment variant, the two third connecting elements 16 are arranged in such a way that both third connecting elements 16 are intersected by a common plateau 6 . The anchoring sections 15 and 16 of the third connecting elements 13 preferably overlap in the viewing direction perpendicular to the plate plane 5 . The centers of gravity of the two third connecting elements 13 are particularly preferably arranged in a common plateau 6 . As FIG. 15 shows, the first connecting element 11 is arranged in the concrete slab 1 without contact with the transverse reinforcement 8 and with the high reinforcement 9 . All connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 are advantageously connected to the slab reinforcement exclusively via the concrete of the concrete slab 1. A fixing of the connecting elements 11, 12 or 13 to the slab reinforcement is advantageously not provided. Advantageously, contact between the connecting elements 11, 12 or 13 and the slab reinforcement is at most accidental due to the selected arrangement of the connecting elements 11, 12, 13.

As FIG. 16 shows, the second connecting element 12 has two connecting sections 18 . The second connecting element 12 is U-shaped. The first connecting element 11 is also approximately U-shaped, as will be described in more detail below. The two connecting sections 18 of the second connecting element 12 are connected to one another via an anchoring section 16 . At their ends remote from the third anchoring section 16, anchoring sections 15 are arranged on the connecting sections 18. The sections 15 Anchorungsab advantageously have first and / or second curved portions 23, 24 on.

The second connecting element 12 and the first connecting element 11 of the concrete slab 1 are formed with identical anchoring sections 14, 15 and 16 and differ only in the length b, c of their connecting sections 17 and 18.

17 and 18 show a third connecting element 13. The other third connecting element 13 is of identical design. The two third connection elements 13 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another. The plane of symmetry lies parallel to the plateau 6. In the exemplary embodiment, the third connecting element 13 has two connecting sections 19, each with a central longitudinal axis 22. The two third connecting elements 13 are, as shown by looking at FIGS. 13, 16 and 17, arranged such that the connecting sections 19 run parallel to the transverse plane 7 . Compared to the second connecting elements 12 , the connecting elements 13 are arranged rotated through 90° about an axis arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the plate 5 . The two third connecting elements are 13 arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another, ie rotated by +90° and -90° according to an arrangement of a second connecting element 12 . Advantageously, all third connecting elements 13 are arranged in pairs with mirror symmetry. The anchoring sections 16 of the two connecting elements 13 are arranged in the supporting layer 2 . The anchoring sections 16 connect the two connecting sections 19 of a third connecting element 13 . The two anchoring sections 15 are arranged in the facing layer 3 . The longitudinal central axis 22 of the connecting sections 18 is inclined to the plate plane 5 by an angle d, which is advantageously from 15° to 75°, in particular from 30° to 60°. The two connec tion sections 19 of a third connecting element 13 are in a common plane, which is inclined to the plate plane 5 by the angle d.

The anchoring sections 16 are embedded in the base layer 2 with an anchoring depth d. The embedment depth d is advantageous in the context of manufacturing accuracy for all United connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 the same. The anchoring sections 14 and 15 are embedded in the facing layer 3 with an anchoring depth e. The embedding depth e is advantageously the same for all connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 within the scope of manufacturing accuracy. For the connecting elements 11 and 12, the anchoring depths d and e are shown in FIGS. 20 and 21.

In an advantageous alternative arrangement, the connecting sections 19 of two third connecting elements 13 intersect when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the transverse plane 7, ie in the viewing direction shown in FIG. 18, at an angle which corresponds to twice the angle d. The connecting sections 19 of two third connecting elements 13 advantageously intersect in the insulating layer 4 in an alternative arrangement when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the transverse plane 7. Advantageously, the connecting sections 19 of two third connecting elements 13 intersect approximately in the middle in an alternative arrangement when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the transverse plane 7 between the facing layer 3 and the base layer 2. As FIG. 19 shows, the anchoring sections 14 of the first connecting elements 11 and the anchoring sections 15 of the second connecting elements 12 are arranged in the facing layer 3 . The anchoring sections 16 of the connecting elements 11 , 12 and 13 are each arranged in the base layer 2 . As shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, the connecting sections 17 of a connecting element 11 are arranged one above the other in a common transverse plane 7 . The connecting portions 18 of the two ten connecting elements 12 are arranged perpendicular to the transverse plane 7 side by side. In the exemplary embodiment, all connecting sections 18 of the second connecting elements 12 in a row run in a common, inclined plane 5 of the plate

Level.

21 shows the arrangement of a second connecting element 12 in the concrete slab 1. The second connecting element 12 has a longitudinal central axis 21 of its connecting sections 18, which is inclined at an angle a to the plane 5 of the slab. The angle a is advantageously 15° to 75°, in particular 30° to 60°. The central longitudinal axis 21 runs parallel to the plateau 6 .

22 to 24 show a further exemplary embodiment of a connecting element 11, 12, 13. The same reference symbols designate the corresponding elements in all exemplary embodiments. The connecting element 11, 12 has two anchoring sections 14, 15, which are designed differently. One of the anchoring sections 14, 15 has curved sections 23 which extend in a first bending plane 25 as shown in FIG. The other anchoring section 14, 15 has curved sections 24 which, as shown in FIG. 24, extend in a second bending plane 26. The anchoring section 16, which connects the two connecting sections 17, 18 to one another, is designed as a curved section 27, which extends in a third plane 28 Bie. The anchoring section 16 can also have a straight section which is connected to the connecting sections 17, 18 via curved sections, as shown in FIG. 11, for example. The bending planes 25 and 26 enclose an angle β which is advantageously from 15° to 90°. In the exemplary embodiment, an angle β of approximately 90° is provided. The angle β is the smallest angle enclosed by the bending planes 25 and 26 and can also be measured elsewhere.

Each bending plane 25, 26 and 28 advantageously runs through at least one longitudinal center axis 20, 21 of a connecting section 17, 18. The bending plane 25 and the bending plane 26 are inclined relative to the third bending plane 28 by an angle g. The bending planes 26 and 25 are inclined in opposite directions relative to the bending plane 28 in the exemplary embodiment, resulting in a mirror-symmetrical arrangement. The angle g is advantageously from 15° to 90°. In the exemplary embodiment, an angle g of approximately 45° is provided. Due to the fact that the bent sections 23, 24 and 27 are in different bending planes 25, 26 and 28 inclined towards one another, the propagation of a straight crack through the concrete slab 1 is impeded.

Figures 25 to 27 show a further embodiment of a connecting element 11, 12. In the embodiment according to Figures 25 and 26, the curved sections 23 of an anchoring section 14, 15 are in a first bending plane 25 and the curved sections 24 of the other anchoring section 14 , 15 arranged in a second bending plane 26 . The two bending planes 25 and 26 have a distance a from each other. Due to the offset caused by the distance a, the propagation of a straight crack is also impeded here. The bent section 27 lies in a third bending plane 28 which encloses an angle g with the bending planes 25 and 26 in each case. The angle g is advantageously from 15° to 90°.

All the connecting elements 11 , 12 , 13 except for the length of the connecting sections 17 , 18 and 19 are advantageously of identical design for all exemplary embodiments for a concrete slab 1 . The second connecting elements 12 and are particularly advantageous the third connecting elements 13 are completely identical, ie also with the same length as the connecting sections 18 and 19. The first and second connec tion elements 11, 12 and in particular the third connection elements 13 best hen in all embodiments of bent wire. If the concrete slab has third connecting elements 13, all design variants of the first and second connecting elements 11, 12 can be provided for this purpose. Preferably, the concrete slab 1 has no connecting element 11, 12, 13 with a connecting section which runs parallel to the plateau 6 and, in the installed position, rises from the base layer 2 to the intent layer 3. All connecting sections 18 of second connecting elements 12 advantageously extend in the same direction of inclination and at the same angle of inclination. Depending on the manufacturing tolerances, the orientations of the connecting elements 11, 12 and 13 can differ slightly from one another.

Claims

Expectations

Multi-layer concrete slab comprising a base layer (2) made of concrete, a facing layer (3) made of concrete and a thermal insulation layer (4) arranged between the base layer (2) and the facing layer (3), the concrete slab (1) having a slab plane (5 ) which runs centrally between the base layer (2) and the facing layer (3), the concrete slab (1) having a plateau (6) which is to be arranged vertically when installed and runs perpendicular to the plane of the slab (5), the base layer (2) and the facing layer (3) via connec tion elements (11, 12, 13) are connected, which protrude through the thermal insulation layer (4) with connecting sections (17, 18, 19) and with anchoring sections (14, 15, 16) in the concrete facing layer (3) and in the concrete of the base layer (2), the concrete slab (1) having a plurality of first connecting elements (11) for transmitting forces acting perpendicularly to the plane of the slab (5) between the facing layer (3) and the base layer (2) has, the each having at least one connecting section (17) running through the thermal insulation layer (4) perpendicularly to the slab plane (5), and wherein the concrete slab (1) has a plurality of second connecting elements (12) for transmitting vertical forces between the facing layer (3) and the base layer, characterized in that the connecting sections (18) of the second connecting elements (12) each run parallel to the plateau (6) and are inclined at an angle (a) of 15° to 75° to the plane of the plate (5), that all connecting sections (18 ) of the second connecting elements (12) are inclined to the plate plane (5) in the same direction, that all the first connecting elements (11) and all the second connecting elements (12) are made of bent wire and that the connecting sections (18) of the second connecting elements (12 ) the only connecting sections of Connecting elements (11, 12, 13) of the concrete slab (1) which run both parallel to the plateau (6) and inclined to the slab plane (5).

2. Concrete slab according to Claim 1, characterized in that all the first connecting elements (11) and all the second connecting elements (12) are of identical design with respect to the anchoring sections (14, 15) protruding into the base layer (2) and that all the first connecting elements (11) and all second connecting elements (12) are of identical design with regard to the anchoring sections (14, 15, 16) protruding into the facing layer (3) and that the connecting sections (18) of the second connecting elements (12) are in particular longer than the connecting sections (17) of the first Connecting elements (11) are.

3. Concrete slab according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one connecting section (17, 18, 19) of at least one connecting element (11, 12, 13) is straight and has a longitudinal central axis (20, 21, 22).

4. Concrete slab according to claim 3, characterized in that at least a first anchoring section (14,

15) of a connecting element (11, 12, 13) has at least one first curved section (23) which runs in a first bending plane (25) containing the longitudinal central axis (20, 21, 22). 5. Concrete slab according to claim 4, characterized in that the connecting element (11, 12, 13) has a second curved section (24) which, in a central longitudinal axis (20,

21, 22) containing the second bending plane (26).

6. Concrete slab according to claim 5, characterized in that the first bending plane (25) with the second bending plane (26) encloses an angle (β) of 15° to 90°, in particular of 30° to 90°.

7. Concrete slab according to claim 5, characterized in that the first bending plane (25) and the second bending plane (26) have a spacing (a) from one another.

8. Concrete slab according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the first anchoring section (14, 15) has the min at least one second curved section (24).

9. Concrete slab according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a second anchoring section (15, 16) has the at least one second curved section (24).

10 Concrete slab according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connecting element (11, 12) has a connecting section (17, 18) to which two identically designed anchoring sections (14) are connected.

11. Concrete slab according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connecting element (11, 12, 13) has two connecting sections (17, 18, 19) which have an anchoring section

(16) are interconnected.

12. Concrete slab according to claim 12, characterized in that the curved anchoring section (16) lies in a third bending plane (27) which is connected to at least one bending plane (25, 26), in which a bent section of an anchoring section (14, 15) lies, encloses an angle (g) of 15° to 90°.

13. Concrete slab according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least a third connecting element (13) has a connecting section (19) which runs parallel to a transverse plane (7) running perpendicularly to the plateau (6) and to the slab plane (5 ) is inclined at an angle (d) of 15° to 75°.

14. Concrete slab according to claim 13, characterized in that in each case two third connecting elements (13) are arranged in pairs and mirror-symmetrically to one another.

15. Concrete slab according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the at least one third connecting element

(13) is formed identically to the first connecting element (11) and to the second connecting element (12).

16. Connecting element for connecting a base layer (2) and a facing layer (3) of a multi-layer concrete slab, in particular a concrete slab according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the connecting element (11, 12, 13) has at least one connecting section (17, 18 , 19) and an anchoring section (14, 15, 16) adjoining the connecting section (17, 18, 19), the connecting section (17, 18, 19) being straight and having a central longitudinal axis (20, 21, 22) comprises, wherein the anchoring portion

(14, 15) of the connecting element (11, 12, 13) has at least one first curved section (23) which runs in a first bending plane (25) containing the longitudinal center axis (20, 21, 22), the connecting element ( 11, 12, 13) has a second curved section (24, 27) which runs in a second bending plane (26, 28), the first bending plane (25) with the second bending plane (26, 28) includes an angle (a) of 15° to 90°, in particular of 30° to 90°, and wherein the first curved section (23) and the second curved section (24) are arranged provided in the same layer of a concrete slab.