WO2022198594A1 - 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 - Google Patents
基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022198594A1 WO2022198594A1 PCT/CN2021/083094 CN2021083094W WO2022198594A1 WO 2022198594 A1 WO2022198594 A1 WO 2022198594A1 CN 2021083094 W CN2021083094 W CN 2021083094W WO 2022198594 A1 WO2022198594 A1 WO 2022198594A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- converter
- gas analysis
- gas
- dynamic
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QUWBSOKSBWAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].O=C=O Chemical compound [C].O=C=O QUWBSOKSBWAQER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BKHJHGONWLDYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]=O.[C] Chemical compound [C]=O.[C] BKHJHGONWLDYCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005312 nonlinear dynamic Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033772 system development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013179 statistical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the control technology of converter steelmaking, and specifically relates to carbon control at the end point of converter steelmaking.
- the present invention does not relate to the control technology of converter steelmaking end point temperature.
- furnace gas analysis static model + dynamic model or the furnace gas analysis + dynamic model of the sub-gun to control the performance of converter production, and the hit rate of carbon content and temperature is about 90%.
- furnace gas analysis + sub-gun is used to control converter production.
- furnace gas analysis The data establishes a splash forecasting model, and uses the change of gas composition information to predict the drying and splashing.
- carbon automatic control technology at the end of converter smelting based on gas analysis with completely independent intellectual property rights.
- the existing furnace gas analysis technology has the following problems:
- the conventional method for controlling the carbon at the end point of converter steelmaking usually adopts an empirical model, a static model and a dynamic model. Except for the empirical model, the rest of the control models are obtained through statistical processing, mechanism analysis or regression analysis under certain assumptions. Since the converter steelmaking process is a complex physical and chemical reaction process under high temperature conditions, it is affected by many factors, and some factors cannot be accurately quantitatively described. Therefore, the static model and dynamic model constructed according to the existing technology are used to implement converter steelmaking. end-point carbon control, the effect has not yet reached a satisfactory level;
- the purpose of the present invention is to research and develop the end-point carbon dynamic control method of the converter smelting process suitable for the converter smelting conditions according to the characteristics of the converter smelting conditions, so as to realize the automatic control of converter steelmaking of various scales and different operating conditions.
- the main point of the present invention is to study the problems existing in the existing technology, break through the bottleneck of the existing technology, innovatively adopt a method for dynamic control of carbon at the end of the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis, and set a converter on-site gas detection probe in terms of system composition.
- the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the air entering the furnace mouth is determined by the mole fraction, and then the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas obtained by the flue gas detection gas analysis is subtracted from the mole fraction of carbon dioxide contained in the air entering the furnace mouth, and the smelting process is obtained.
- the total amount of carbon dioxide mole fraction produced and the carbon dioxide mole fraction produced by the combustion of the air entering the furnace mouth, and then this total carbon dioxide mole fraction is added to the carbon monoxide mole fraction in the flue gas obtained by the analysis of the flue gas detection gas, and then Multiply the total amount of flue gas measured to obtain the total amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide generated in the smelting process, and then calculate the amount of carbon released in this oxygen blowing smelting process according to this total amount, and then calculate the previous residual carbon in the molten steel.
- This process is the calculation method of the dynamic model for gas analysis and decarburization in the whole process of converter smelting; the dynamic end-point carbon time prediction model is constructed, and when the After the iterative calculation of the gas analysis decarburization dynamic model for the whole process of the third converter smelting process, three sets of data were obtained, and then the three sets of data were used to construct a quadratic equation model expressing the dynamic decarburization process, and then the new data collected next time were used.
- a new set of data to replace the first set of data in the previous three sets of data will construct a new one-dimensional quadratic equation model expressing the dynamic decarbonization process, and then with the process of smelting, the continuously updated dynamic equation model will form Dynamic curves of the dynamic decarbonization process and the moment used to predict the end carbon.
- the dynamic control method of end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis realizes the automatic dynamic control of end-point carbon in the whole smelting process, which creates a new, innovative, and efficient application for the application of energy saving, emission reduction, production increase and quality assurance in converter steelmaking.
- a wide range of views and spaces, with prominent substantive features and notable advancements, its beneficial features are:
- the end-point carbon dynamic control method of converter smelting process based on gas analysis is adopted, which solves the technical bottleneck problem that has long plagued the end-point carbon dynamic control of converter smelting process.
- the detection accuracy is minimally affected by the outside world.
- the analysis and calculation method of carbon dioxide in the furnace gas is used, which is the most direct calculation method of decarbonization amount so far.
- Sampling and analysis of the gas in the dynamic model is used as the basic data of the dynamic model calculation, which improves the calculation accuracy of the dynamic model;
- the present invention is a converter smelting end-point carbon control method that does not rely on sub-lances at all;
- the present invention realizes the dynamic control of end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting. Even in the later stage of smelting, when the carbon monoxide in the flue gas is reduced to zero, the dynamic model can still use the carbon dioxide in the gas analysis to calculate the decarburization amount, ensuring that The calculation accuracy of the decarburization amount in the whole smelting process is improved, therefore, the estimated end-point carbon hit rate of the present invention is more than 95%;
- the present invention is a scientific, simple, practical and efficient method for controlling carbon at the end of converter smelting, which can
- the present invention is a control method for end-point carbon suitable for various types and scales of converter smelting, especially solves the problem of fully automatic steelmaking in small and medium-sized converters, and has a wide range of applications and good application prospects;
- the gas analysis decarburization dynamic model and the end-point carbon time prediction model of the converter smelting process of the present invention will generate realistic decarburization dynamic curves and end-point carbon time prediction dynamic curves, which can be used to guide and improve the converter smelting process, and can improve the efficiency of the converter.
- the recovery rate of gas can further improve the efficiency of energy saving and emission reduction.
- the present invention's dynamic control method for end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis has many advantages of the above a ⁇ g, so the overall performance is better than the control method of the sub-lance system and the static model in the early stage of gas analysis in the prior art+ The control method of the late dynamic model.
- FIG. 1 is the system block diagram of the end-point carbon dynamic control method of converter smelting whole process based on gas analysis
- 1 in Fig. 1 is the computer workstation of converter main control room, is the man-machine of the converter smelting whole-process end-point carbon dynamic control system based on gas analysis Interactive interface
- 2 is a gas analysis computer
- 3 is a gas detection device
- 4 is a converter flue gas detection probe
- 5 is a converter on-site gas detection probe
- 6 is a converter basic automation PLC device
- 7 is a converter primary flue gas flow detection device
- 8 is a converter smelting process state and information detection device.
- FIG. 2 is the flow chart of the converter smelting whole process gas analysis decarburization dynamic model program flow diagram based on the converter smelting whole process end-point carbon dynamic control method based on gas analysis, in Fig. 2, 1 is startup; 2 is read-in basic data; 3 is molten steel The initial total carbon content C i-1 is calculated and sent to the residual carbon register R1 in the molten steel; 4 is the read-in flue gas analysis data; 5 is the carbon dioxide in the flue gas; 6 is the helium in the flue gas; 8 is the carbon dioxide generated inside and outside the furnace by subtracting the two items; 9 is the calculation of the carbon dioxide carbon content; 10 is the carbon monoxide in the flue gas; 11 is the calculation of the carbon monoxide carbon content; Carbon content C i ; 13 is C i-1 minus C i to get residual carbon in molten steel and sent back to register R1; 14 is whether carbon content correction is required; 15 is the read-in carbon content correction value; 16 is carbon content correction The value
- Equation (1) is applicable to the dynamic control of end-point carbon in the whole process of converters of various scales and different smelting processes.
- P gc2i mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas of the i-th gas analysis, %;
- P ac2 mole fraction of carbon dioxide in air, constant, stored in the gas analysis computer database, %;
- P ghi mole fraction of helium in the flue gas of the i-th gas analysis, %;
- P gc1i mole fraction of carbon monoxide in the flue gas of the i-th gas analysis, %;
- G molten steel weight, kg
- C i-1 the amount of carbon in the molten steel in the previous calculation, kg; the value in the initial calculation is calculated by formula (2).
- C m the amount of carbon in the pig iron block, constant, stored in the gas analysis computer database, kg;
- C a Correction value of carbon content, input at the computer operation station in the main control room of the converter, kg;
- the carbon content in molten iron, the carbon content in scrap steel, and the original input value of carbon content in pig iron will have deviations, and there will be deviations in auxiliary raw materials, alloy materials, and other raw materials.
- the total carbon content in molten steel has influence factors. These deviations and influence factors will cause errors in the end-point carbon calculation. In order to eliminate these errors, it is necessary to input the carbon content correction value in the computer operation station of the main control room of the converter.
- the present invention provides a converter field gas detection probe, which is used to detect the helium mole fraction and carbon dioxide mole fraction in the air in the converter field environment, which are calculated as the gas analysis mathematical model.
- the benchmark data in the gas analysis before the start of each smelting, these benchmark data are obtained through on-site gas detection and gas analysis, and stored in the gas analysis computer database, which is convenient to be called in the calculation of the gas analysis decarbonization dynamic model.
- the converter smelting process is very complex, and there are many changing factors related to the smelting operation, which brings great difficulties to the modeling of mathematical models.
- the existing technology has tried mechanism models based on material balance and heat balance, statistical models based on mathematical Empirical models based on accumulated smelting parameters, static incremental models based on multiple regression methods, etc., have not achieved ideal results.
- the dynamic control of carbon at the end of converter smelting in the prior art is basically realized through two ways: one is dynamic control based on sub-lance + gas analysis; the other is dynamic control of gas analysis based on static model + dynamic model. In recent years, the dynamic control technology of gas analysis has been developed to a certain extent, but there has been no major breakthrough, and the carbon hit rate at the end point has always hovered around 90%.
- the invention makes key technical changes in the setting of the end-point carbon dynamic control system and the construction of the mathematical model, breaks through the technical bottleneck that has been troubled for many years, realizes the end-point carbon dynamic control in the whole smelting process, and removes the gas in the whole process of converter smelting.
- the dynamic end-point carbon time prediction model equation (3) was constructed.
- the gas analysis detection probe Since the gas analysis detection probe is installed on the primary flue gas flue of the converter, the gas analysis results are lagging behind for the decarburization of molten steel, and there is flue gas transport from the furnace through the flue to the flue gas detection probe Delay time t g ; in addition, there are gas detection device signal processing delay time t d , gas analysis computer analysis and calculation delay time t c , converter main control room computer workstation system response delay time t m ; that is, the total time delay is formula ( 4):
- t g in formula (4) is a variable, which depends on the speed of the primary dust removal fan of the converter and the opening of the fan inlet valve/throat valve, so the total time delay t T is not constant; therefore, the end-point carbon prediction time is calculated from formula ( 5) Calculated:
- the decarburization characteristic curve is formed by the calculation data of the gas analysis decarburization dynamic model in the whole smelting process.
- the characteristic curve is expressed by a dynamic one-dimensional quadratic equation model (3).
- the so-called dynamic equation model means that the coefficients of the equation model are calculated according to different stages, different working states, and different process parameters of the smelting process, and are continuously updated and calculated with the smelting process.
- the characteristic curve of the smelting oxygen blowing decarburization process is consistent; because the converter smelting decarburization process is a complex nonlinear dynamic process, it is impossible for any static equation model to describe the whole process correctly, while the dynamic one-dimensional quadratic equation model formula (3 ) can describe this process perfectly; the real-time decarburization characteristic curve will be displayed on the computer workstation screen in the main control room of the converter to guide the smelting process, and the complete decarburization characteristic curve stored in the computer will be used for technical analysis , fault tracing, mathematical model optimization, system development and comprehensive technical judgment; the dynamic one-dimensional quadratic equation model (3) can be used to forecast the carbon time at the end of the smelting process.
- the dynamic control method for end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis is realized by the system shown in Fig. 1.
- the computer workstation (1) in the main control room of the converter is a dynamic control system for end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis.
- the human-computer interaction interface is a digital device based on a computer workstation.
- the core of the end-point carbon dynamic control method in the converter smelting process based on gas analysis has its own mathematical model database, which is connected to the gas detection device (3), obtains the gas detection information of the device in real time, performs dynamic calculation and monitoring of gas analysis in real time.
- gas detection device (3) is a computer-based multifunctional gas analysis instrument, which is a mass spectrometer, a laser gas analyzer or an infrared gas analyzer, and is connected with the converter flue gas detection probe (4) and the converter on-site gas detection probe (5);
- the flue gas detection probe (4) is installed on the converter flue, and the gas detection signal is sent to the gas detection device (3).
- the detection device (3); the converter basic automation PLC device (6) is a digital control device, which is respectively connected with the converter main control room computer workstation (1), the gas analysis computer (2), the converter primary flue gas flow detection device (7) and The converter smelting process status is connected with the information detection device (8); the converter primary flue gas flow detection device (7) is connected with the converter basic automation PLC device (6), and the flue gas flow signal is sent to the PLC device; the converter smelting process status
- the information detection device (8) is connected with the converter basic automation PLC device (6), and the smelting process status and information signals are sent to the PLC device.
- reading the flue gas analysis data (4) is to read the carbon dioxide mole fraction P gc2i in the flue gas, the helium mole fraction P ghi in the flue gas, the total flue gas flow Q gi ,
- carbon dioxide in the flue gas (5) is the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas read from the special register;
- helium in the flue gas (6) is read from the special register.
- the mole fraction of helium in the flue gas Calculate the carbon dioxide (7) entering the furnace mouth according to helium, which is calculated based on the mathematical model of formula (1); the carbon dioxide (8) generated inside and outside the furnace is obtained by subtracting the two terms, which is based on the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas minus the furnace mouth entering
- the mole fraction of carbon dioxide is obtained from the mole fraction of carbon dioxide produced inside and outside the furnace;
- the calculation of carbon dioxide carbon content (9) is the amount of carbon consumed according to the mole fraction of carbon dioxide generated inside and outside the furnace; carbon monoxide (10) in the flue gas is read from the special register
- the mole fraction of carbon monoxide in the flue gas; the calculation of the carbon monoxide amount (11) is to calculate the carbon amount according to the mole fraction of carbon monoxide in the flue gas; the addition of the two items yields the carbon amount C i (12) from the smelting process is the sum of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
- the carbon monoxide and carbon content are added to obtain the carbon amount C i removed in this smelting;
- C i-1 is subtracted from C i to obtain the residual carbon amount in the molten steel and sent back to the register R1 (13) to use the residual carbon amount in the previous molten steel.
- Comparison of carbon content C f ; end (19) is the end of the program, if the comparison result of the carbon content C pi in the molten steel and the end-point carbon content C f in the molten steel is within the set end-point carbon target range, then this time based on gas analysis.
- the carbon dynamic control program at the end of the converter smelting process ends.
- the dynamic control method for end-point carbon in the whole process of converter smelting based on gas analysis is widely applicable to various types of converter steelmaking systems that are newly built, expanded or renovated.
- the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the examples. For those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the examples, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the control principle and control strategy of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法属于转炉冶炼控制技术，根据气体分析得到的氦摩尔分数来计算炉口进入的空气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数，采用气体分析得到的烟气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数减去炉口进入的空气所含的二氧化碳摩尔分数，即获得了冶炼过程产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数，二氧化碳摩尔分数与气体分析得到的烟气中的一氧化碳摩尔分数相加，然后再乘以测得的烟气总量，就得到了冶炼过程产生的一氧化碳和二氧化碳总量，根据该总量可得冶炼过程所脱出的碳量；构建的转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型和动态终点碳时间预测模型可实现转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制，广泛适用于新建、扩建或改造的各类转炉炼钢系统。
Description
本发明属于转炉炼钢控制技术，具体涉及转炉炼钢终点碳控制。
本发明不涉及转炉炼钢终点温度控制技术。
转炉炼钢终点碳控制技术是实现转炉全自动炼钢的关键技术，一直是业内重点研究的对象。自上世纪八十年代末以来，国外利用气体分析进行转炉炼钢终点碳控制技术的研究呈现上升趋势，国内也在上世纪末开始了这方面的研究。
国外许多大型钢厂已有成功应用炉气分析静态模型+动态模型或炉气分析+副枪的动态模型来控制转炉生产的业绩, 碳含量和温度命中率为90%左右。
国内在理论计算及实验室研究方面取得了一些成果，在对引进技术的消化、移植方面有了一定的进展，例如，采用炉气分析+副枪的动态模型来控制转炉生产,根据炉气分析数据建立喷溅预报模型、利用气体成分信息的变化对返干、喷溅进行预报。但目前国内尚没有可实际应用的具有完全自主知识产权的基于气体分析的转炉冶炼终点碳自动控制技术。
现有炉气分析技术存在下述问题：
(1) 现有技术由于无法实现转炉冶炼全过程动态控制，故通常采用静态模型+动态模型相结合的方式进行转炉炼钢终点碳自动控制，即在吹氧量达到80%左右之前采用静态模型控制，之后采用动态模型进行控制。由于静态模型会产生较大的累积误差，难以满足要求，故在转炉冶炼后期采用基于统计数据的终点碳指数衰减模型或二次曲线模型，可消除初始条件带来的部分误差。但这种方法对不同的钢种、不同的转炉作业环境不具有普遍的适用性，此外这些模型也只是一种近似计算模型，与实际冶炼情况存有差异；
(2) 对冶炼过程标准化作业要求高，难以适应非规则变化的、复杂的实际冶炼过程；
(3) 对脱碳速率和脱碳氧效率统计数据模型的依赖，没有开发出随冶炼过程动态变化的数据构建的动态数学模型，特别是当冶炼后期烟气中的一氧化碳降为零之后，现有技术的数学模型已经失去气体分析数据的支持，这也是造成终点碳命中率不高的原因之一；
(4) 现有技术的转炉炼钢终点碳控制方法通常采用经验模型、静态模型、动态模型。除了经验模型之外，其余的控制模型都是在一定的假设条件下，通过统计处理、机理分析或回归分析等得到的。由于转炉炼钢过程是高温条件下的复杂的物理化学反应过程，受诸多因素的影响，而且有些因素还无法准确地定量描述，因此依现有技术构建的静态模型、动态模型来实施转炉炼钢的终点碳控制，其效果还达不到令人满意的程度；
(5) 现有技术还局限于静态模型+动态模型的控制方式，一直没有突破冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制的技术瓶颈；
(6) 由于现有技术还没有解决转炉冶炼全过程气体分析终点碳动态控制问题，故中小转炉的全自动炼钢技术发展受到了严重制约。
综上所述，现有技术从根本上满足不了转炉全自动炼钢的需求，理论研究和应用技术亟待有所突破。
基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法还未见到公开发表的出版物、文献或资料。
本发明的目的是根据转炉冶炼工况的特点，研究开发与其工况相适应的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法，以实现各种规模、不同工况的转炉炼钢全自动控制。
本发明的要点是研究现有技术存在的问题，突破现有技术的瓶颈，创新性地采用基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法，在系统构成方面设置了转炉现场气体检测探头，在每次冶炼之前采集、分析空气中用于气体分析的气体摩尔分数，保证气体分析基础数据的准确性；构建转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型，采取通过烟气检测气体分析得到的氦摩尔分数来确定炉口进入的空气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数，进而采用烟气检测气体分析得到的烟气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数减去炉口进入的空气所含的二氧化碳摩尔分数，即获得了冶炼过程产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数和炉口进入的空气燃烧所产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数的总量，进而将这个总的二氧化碳摩尔分数与烟气检测气体分析得到的烟气中的一氧化碳摩尔分数相加，然后再乘以测得的烟气总量，就得到了冶炼过程产生的一氧化碳和二氧化碳总量，进而根据这个总量计算本次吹氧冶炼过程所脱出的碳量，进而将钢液中前次残余碳量减去本次脱出的碳量，就等于本次钢液中残余的碳量，此过程即为转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的计算方法；构建动态终点碳时间预测模型，当进行了三次转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的迭代计算后，则得到了三组数据，进而利用该三组数据构建表达动态脱碳过程的一元二次方程模型，进而将下次采集的新的一组数据替代前次三组数据中的第一组数据，则将构建新的表达动态脱碳过程的一元二次方程模型，进而随着冶炼的进程，不断更新的该动态方程模型将形成动态脱碳过程的动态曲线及被用来预报终点碳的时刻。
与现有技术相比，基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法实现了整个冶炼过程的终点碳全自动动态控制，为转炉炼钢节能减排、增产保质的应用开创了全新的、广泛的视野和空间，具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步，其有益的特征是：
（a）首次采用基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法，解决了长期困扰转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制的技术瓶颈问题，其中，首次采用氦摩尔分数作为气体分析媒介，使系统检测精度受外界的影响最小、首次采用了炉气中二氧化碳的分析及计算方法，这是迄今为止最直接的脱碳量计算方法、首次采用了每次转炉冶炼开始之前对转炉工作区域附近的空气中的气体进行采样分析，作为动态模型计算的基础数据，提高了动态模型的计算精度；
（b）首次采用转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型替代现有技术的前期静态模型+后期动态模型的控制方法；
（c）本发明是完全不依赖于副枪的转炉冶炼终点碳控制方法；
（d）本发明实现了转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制，即使是在冶炼后期，当烟气中的一氧化碳降为零之后，动态模型仍可以利用气体分析中的二氧化碳进行脱碳量计算，保证了冶炼全过程的脱碳量计算精度，因此，本发明的预计终点碳命中率为95%以上；
（e）本发明是科学、简捷、实用、高效的转炉冶炼终点碳控制方法，可进
一步提高转炉冶炼生产作业率、提高产量、提高产品质量、降低生产成本及损耗；
（f）本发明是适用于各种类型和各种规模转炉冶炼的终点碳的控制方法，特别是解决了中小型转炉的全自动炼钢问题，具有广泛的应用范围和良好的应用前景；
（g）本发明的转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型和终点碳时间预测模型将产生逼真的脱碳动态曲线和终点碳时间预测动态曲线，可用来指导、改进转炉冶炼过程，可提高转炉煤气的回收率，可进一步提高节能减排效益。
（h）本发明基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法因具有上述a~g之诸多优点，故总体性能优于现有技术的副枪系统的控制方法和气体分析前期静态模型+后期动态模型的控制方法。
附图1是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法的系统框图，图1中1是转炉主控室计算机工作站，是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统的人机交互界面；2是气体分析计算机；3是气体检测装置；4是转炉烟道气体检测探头；5是转炉现场气体检测探头；6是转炉基础自动化PLC装置；7是转炉一次烟气流量检测装置；8是转炉冶炼过程状态和信息检测装置。
附图2是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法的转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型程序流程框图，图2中1是启动；2是读入基础数据；3是钢水中初始总碳量C
i-1计算并送钢液中残留碳寄存器R1；4是读入烟气分析数据；5是烟气中二氧化碳；6是烟气中氦；7是根据氦计算炉口进入的二氧化碳；8是两项相减得出炉内外产生的二氧化碳；9是计算二氧化碳碳量；10是烟气中一氧化碳；11是计算一氧化碳碳量； 12是两项相加得出本次冶炼脱出的碳量C
i；13是C
i-1减C
i得钢液中残余碳量并送回寄存器R1；14是是否需要碳量修正判别；15是读入碳量修正值；16是碳量修正值与C
i相加并送回寄存器R1；17是钢液中碳含量C
pi计算；18是是否达到碳终点判别；19是结束。
基于气体分析的数学模型成立的必要条件之一是转炉炉膛压力须在整个冶炼过程中均处于负压状态，以确保任何时刻没有一氧化碳和二氧化碳随烟气溢出炉口，即保证脱碳计算的可行性及确保脱碳计算精度，以下所有叙述及数学模型构建均是在这个前提下进行的。
基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法是在克服现有技术存在的缺陷基础上研发出来的，针对现有技术静态模型+动态模型控制方法存在的目标值与实际值偏差大及不具通用性特点的缺陷，研发了式（1）转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型，式（1）的特点是在整个冶炼过程都能对钢液中残存的碳进行动态计算，突破了现有技术仅在较小范围内才能实施终点碳动态模型控制的技术瓶颈，式（1）适用于各种规模的转炉、不同冶炼过程的全过程终点碳动态控制。
C
pi=（C
i-1 -（P
gc2i-P
ac2
X P
ghi / P
ah+P
gc1i）X Q
gi X（12 /
22.4））/G （1）
式（1）中：
C
pi：第i次计算结果的钢液中碳含量，%；
P
gc2i：第i次气体分析的烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数，%；
P
ac2：空气中二氧化碳摩尔分数，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，%；
P
ghi：第i次气体分析的烟气中氦摩尔分数，%；
Q
gi：第i次气体分析的烟气总流量，m
3/s；
P
ah: 空气中氦摩尔分数，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，%；
P
gc1i：第i次气体分析的烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数，%；
G：钢水重量，kg；
C
i-1：钢液中前次计算碳量，kg；初始计算时的数值由式（2）计算。
C
i-1 =
C
e +C
s +C
m+C
a
（2）
式（2）中：
C
e：铁水中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；
C
s：废钢中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；
C
m：生铁块中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；
C
a：碳量修正值，在转炉主控室计算机操作站输入，kg；
关于碳量修正值，在一次冶炼过程中，铁水中的碳量、废钢中的碳量、生铁块的碳量的原始输入值会存在偏差及在辅原料、合金料、其它原料中会存在对钢水中总碳量有影响的因素，这些偏差和影响因素将使终点碳计算产生误差，为消除这些误差，则需要在转炉主控室计算机操作站输入碳量修正值。
为获得精确的炉口进入的空气所产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数，本发明设置了转炉现场气体检测探头，用于检测转炉现场环境下空气中的氦摩尔分数和二氧化碳摩尔分数，作为气体分析数学模型计算中的基准数据；在每次冶炼开始之前通过现场气体检测、气体分析获得这些基准数据，并存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，便于气体分析脱碳动态模型计算中调用。
转炉冶炼过程非常复杂，与冶炼作业相关的变化因素较多，因此给数学模型建模带来极大困难，现有技术尝试了基于物料平衡和热平衡的机理模型、基于数理统计方法的统计模型、基于积累冶炼参数的经验模型、基于多元回归方法的静态增量模型等等，但均未获得理想结果。现有技术的转炉冶炼终点碳动态控制基本通过两个途径实现：一是基于副枪+气体分析的动态控制；另一个是基于静态模型+动态模型的气体分析动态控制。近些年来，气体分析动态控制技术得到了一定发展，但一直没有重大突破，终点碳命中率始终在90%左右徘徊。
本发明在终点碳动态控制系统的设置和数学模型的构建方面进行了关键技术变革，突破了困扰多年的技术瓶颈束缚，实现了全冶炼过程终点碳动态控制，并在转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型式（1）和式（2）的基础上，构建了动态终点碳时间预测模型式（3）。
C
f =k（At
2 +Bt +C）
（3）
式（3）中：
C
f：钢液中终点碳含量，%；
：终点碳预测时间计算值，s；
A,B,C：常数；
k：工程系数，0.5~1.5；
由于气体分析检测探头安装在转炉一次烟气烟道上，所以对于钢水脱碳而言，气体分析结果是滞后的，存在烟气从炉膛经烟道，至烟道烟气检测探头处的烟气输送延迟时间t
g；此外，还存在气体检测装置信号处理延迟时间t
d、气体分析计算机分析计算延迟时间t
c、转炉主控室计算机工作站系统响应延迟时间t
m；即总的时间延迟为式（4）：
t
T=t
g
+ t
d + t
c + t
m
（4）
式（4）中：
t
T：总的时间延迟，s；
实际上式（4）中的t
g是个变量，取决于转炉一次除尘风机转速和风机入口阀/喉口阀开度，故总的时间延迟t
T并不是常数；故终点碳预测时间从式（5）计算得出：
t
f =t
– t
T
（5）
式（5）中：
t
f：终点碳预测时间，s；
应该指出，式（1）的计算结果，不是即时的钢水脱碳情况，实为t
T时间之前的情况，故脱碳动态曲线的时间轴应按t
T时间进行标定。
整个冶炼过程气体分析脱碳动态模型计算数据形成了脱碳特性曲线，该特性曲线采用一个动态的一元二次方程模型式（3）来表达，通过方程模型式（3）可预测达到终点碳的时间；所谓动态方程模型是指，该方程模型的系数是根据冶炼过程的不同阶段、不同工作状态、不同的过程参数计算后得出的，且随着冶炼过程不断更新计算，得出的是与冶炼吹氧脱碳过程一致的特性曲线；因为转炉冶炼脱碳过程是一个复杂的非线性动态过程，任何一个静态方程模型都不可能正确地描述整个过程，而动态一元二次方程模型式（3）则能比较完美地描述这个过程；实时的脱碳特性曲线将显示在转炉主控室计算机工作站画面中，用以指导冶炼过程，存储在该计算机中的完整的脱碳特性曲线用于技术分析、故障追索、数学模型优化、系统开发以及综合技术判定；采用动态一元二次方程模型式（3）能进行冶炼全过程终点碳时间预报。
就数学模型的准确度而言，对于不同类型的转炉、对于不同的冶炼作业情况，对于同一炉次的不同冶炼阶段，会存在某些偏差，故为了修正式（3）动态终点碳时间预测模型，设置了工程系数k，该系数属数学模型优化范畴，当获得多炉次冶炼过程数据后，采取进行数学模型离线优化计算的方法确定。
基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法是通过附图1的系统实现的，附图1中转炉主控室计算机工作站（1）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统的人机交互界面，是以计算机工作站为基础组成的数字式装置，设有气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制参数设定、修改功能及动态曲线显示画面，与气体分析计算机（2）相连接，实时获取气体分析数据和信息，与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，实时从该PLC系统获取生产运行联锁信息、设备状态信息及有关系统参数；气体分析计算机（2）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法的核心，本身建有数学模型数据库，与气体检测装置（3）相连接，实时获取该装置的气体检测信息，实时进行气体分析动态计算，监控结果送给转炉主控室计算机工作站（1），与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，实时从该PLC装置获取生产运行联锁信息、设备状态信息及有关系统参数；气体检测装置（3）是以计算机为基础的多功能气体分析仪器，为质谱仪、激光气体分析仪或红外气体分析仪，与转炉烟道气体检测探头（4）和转炉现场气体检测探头（5）相连接；转炉烟道气体检测探头（4）安装在转炉烟道上，气体检测信号送至气体检测装置（3）；转炉现场气体检测探头（5）安装在转炉炉口附近的现场处，气体检测信号送至气体检测装置（3）；转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）是数字式控制装置，分别与转炉主控室计算机工作站（1）、气体分析计算机（2）、转炉一次烟气流量检测装置（7）和转炉冶炼过程状态和信息检测装置（8）相连接；转炉一次烟气流量检测装置（7）与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，烟气流量信号送至该PLC装置；转炉冶炼过程状态和信息检测装置（8）与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，冶炼过程状态和信息信号送至该PLC装置。
式（1）转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的程序流程框图通过附图2实施，附图2中启动（1）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制程序开始启动；读入基础数据（2）是从气体分析计算机数据库读入空气中二氧化碳P
ac2、空气中氦P
ah、钢水重量G、铁水中碳量C
e、废钢中碳量C
s、生铁块碳量C
m、钢液中终点碳含量C
f；钢水中初始总碳量C
i-1计算并送钢液中残留碳寄存器R1（3）是对式（2）进行初始总碳量计算，结果送至寄存器R1，以备调用；读入烟气分析数据（4）是从气体分析计算机专用寄存器中读入烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数P
gc2i、烟气中氦摩尔分数P
ghi、烟气总流量Q
gi、烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数P
gc1i；烟气中二氧化碳（5）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数；烟气中氦（6）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中氦摩尔分数；根据氦计算炉口进入的二氧化碳（7）是基于式（1）数学模型进行计算；两项相减得出炉内外产生的二氧化碳（8）是根据烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数减去炉口进入的二氧化碳摩尔分数，则得出炉内外产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数；计算二氧化碳碳量（9）是根据炉内外产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数计算所消耗的碳量；烟气中一氧化碳（10）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数；计算一氧化碳碳量（11）是根据烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数计算碳量；两项相加得出本次冶炼脱出的碳量C
i（12）是二氧化碳碳量和一氧化碳碳量相加，得出本次冶炼脱出的碳量C
i；C
i-1减C
i得钢液中残余碳量并送回寄存器R1（13）是用前次钢液中残余碳量减去本次冶炼脱出的碳量，结果送回钢液中残余碳量寄存器R1，此为本次钢液中残余碳量；是否需要碳量修正判别（14）是根据冶炼过程发生的情况，由炼钢工艺工程师确定是否需要进行碳量修正，碳量修正在转炉主控室计算机操作站进行；读入碳量修正值（15）是当需要进行碳量修正时，在转炉主控室计算机操作站画面写入碳量修正值，操作“读入碳量修正值”标识框，则完成读入碳量修正值操作；碳量修正值与C
i相加并送回寄存器R1（16）是在本次钢液中残余碳量中加入了碳量修正，结果送回寄存器R1；钢液中碳含量C
pi计算（17）是用本次计算结果的钢液中残余碳量除以钢水重量G，则得到钢液中碳含量C
pi；是否达到碳终点判别（18）是进行钢液中碳含量C
pi与钢液中终点碳含量C
f比较；结束（19）是程序结束，若钢液中碳含量C
pi与钢液中终点碳含量C
f比较结果在设定的终点碳目标范围内，则本次基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制程序结束。
基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法广泛适用于新建、扩建或改造的各类转炉炼钢系统，以上所述仅为本发明的一个应用领域的例子，不用于限制本发明，尽管参照所述例子对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对所述例子所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；凡在本发明的控制原理和控制策略之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
- 一种基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法，其特征在于在系统构成方面设置了转炉现场气体检测探头，在每次冶炼之前采集、分析空气中用于气体分析的气体摩尔分数，保证气体分析基础数据的准确性；构建转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型，采取通过烟气检测气体分析得到的氦摩尔分数来确定炉口进入的空气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数，进而采用烟气检测气体分析得到的烟气中的二氧化碳摩尔分数减去炉口进入的空气所含的二氧化碳摩尔分数，即获得了冶炼过程产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数和炉口进入的空气燃烧所产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数的总量，进而将这个总的二氧化碳摩尔分数与烟气检测气体分析得到的烟气中的一氧化碳摩尔分数相加，然后再乘以测得的烟气总量，就得到了冶炼过程产生的一氧化碳和二氧化碳总量，进而根据这个总量计算本次吹氧冶炼过程所脱出的碳量，进而将钢液中前次残余碳量减去本次脱出的碳量，就等于本次钢液中残余的碳量，此过程即为转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的计算方法；构建动态终点碳时间预测模型，当进行了三次转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的迭代计算后，则得到了三组数据，进而利用该三组数据构建表达动态脱碳过程的一元二次方程模型，进而将下次采集的新的一组数据替代前次三组数据中的第一组数据，则将构建新的表达动态脱碳过程的一元二次方程模型，进而随着冶炼的进程，不断更新的该动态方程模型将形成动态脱碳过程的动态曲线及被用来预报终点碳的时刻；式（1）转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的特点是在整个冶炼过程都能对钢液中残存的碳进行动态计算，突破了现有技术仅在较小范围内才能实施终点碳动态模型控制的技术瓶颈，式（1）适用于各种规模的转炉、不同冶炼过程的全过程终点碳动态控制；C pi=（C i-1 -（P gc2i-P ac2 X P ghi / P ah+P gc1i）X Q gi X（12 / 22.4））/G （1）式（1）中：C pi：第i次计算结果的钢液中碳含量，%；P gc2i：第i次气体分析的烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数，%；P ac2：空气中二氧化碳摩尔分数，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，%；P ghi：第i次气体分析的烟气中氦摩尔分数，%；Q gi：第i次气体分析的烟气总流量，m 3/s；P ah: 空气中氦摩尔分数，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，%；P gc1i：第i次气体分析的烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数，%；G：钢水重量，kg；C i-1：钢液中前次计算碳量，kg；初始计算时的数值由式（2）计算；C i-1 = C e +C s +C m+C a （2）式（2）中：C e：铁水中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；C s：废钢中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；C m：生铁块中碳量，常数，存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，kg；C a：碳量修正值，在转炉主控室计算机操作站输入，kg；式（3）动态终点碳时间预测模型；C f =k（At 2 +Bt +C） （3）式（3）中：C f：钢液中终点碳含量，%；t：终点碳预测时间，s；A,B,C：常数；k：工程系数，0.5~1.5。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于该方法是通过附图1的系统实现的，附图1中转炉主控室计算机工作站（1）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统的人机交互界面，是以计算机工作站为基础组成的数字式装置，设有气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制参数设定、修改功能及动态曲线显示画面，与气体分析计算机（2）相连接，实时获取气体分析数据和信息，与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，实时从该PLC系统获取生产运行联锁信息、设备状态信息及有关系统参数；气体分析计算机（2）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法的核心，本身建有数学模型数据库，与气体检测装置（3）相连接，实时获取该装置的气体检测信息，实时进行气体分析动态计算，监控结果送给转炉主控室计算机工作站（1），与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，实时从该PLC装置获取生产运行联锁信息、设备状态信息及有关系统参数；气体检测装置（3）是以计算机为基础的多功能气体分析仪器，为质谱仪、激光气体分析仪或红外气体分析仪，与转炉烟道气体检测探头（4）和转炉现场气体检测探头（5）相连接；转炉烟道气体检测探头（4）安装在转炉烟道上，气体检测信号送至气体检测装置（3）；转炉现场气体检测探头（5）安装在转炉炉口附近的现场处，气体检测信号送至气体检测装置（3）；转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）是数字式控制装置，分别与转炉主控室计算机工作站（1）、气体分析计算机（2）、转炉一次烟气流量检测装置（7）和转炉冶炼过程状态和信息检测装置（8）相连接；转炉一次烟气流量检测装置（7）与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，烟气流量信号送至该PLC装置；转炉冶炼过程状态和信息检测装置（8）与转炉基础自动化PLC装置（6）相连接，冶炼过程状态和信息信号送至该PLC装置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于式（1）转炉冶炼全过程气体分析脱碳动态模型的程序流程框图通过附图2实施，附图2中启动（1）是基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制程序开始启动；读入基础数据（2）是从气体分析计算机数据库读入空气中二氧化碳P ac2、空气中氦P ah、钢水重量G、铁水中碳量C e、废钢中碳量C s、生铁块碳量C m、钢液中终点碳含量C f；钢水中初始总碳量C i-1计算并送钢液中残留碳寄存器R1（3）是对式（2）进行初始总碳量计算，结果送至寄存器R1，以备调用；读入烟气分析数据（4）是从气体分析计算机专用寄存器中读入烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数P gc2i、烟气中氦摩尔分数P ghi、烟气总流量Q gi、烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数P gc1i；烟气中二氧化碳（5）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数；烟气中氦（6）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中氦摩尔分数；根据氦计算炉口进入的二氧化碳（7）是基于式（1）数学模型进行计算；两项相减得出炉内外产生的二氧化碳（8）是根据烟气中二氧化碳摩尔分数减去炉口进入的二氧化碳摩尔分数，则得出炉内外产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数；计算二氧化碳碳量（9）是根据炉内外产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数计算所消耗的碳量；烟气中一氧化碳（10）是从专用寄存器中读出烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数；计算一氧化碳碳量（11）是根据烟气中一氧化碳摩尔分数计算碳量；两项相加得出本次冶炼脱出的碳量C i（12）是二氧化碳碳量和一氧化碳碳量相加，得出本次冶炼脱出的碳量C i；C i-1减C i得钢液中残余碳量并送回寄存器R1（13）是用前次钢液中残余碳量减去本次冶炼脱出的碳量，结果送回钢液中残余碳量寄存器R1，此为本次钢液中残余碳量；是否需要碳量修正判别（14）是根据冶炼过程发生的情况，由炼钢工艺工程师确定是否需要进行碳量修正，碳量修正在转炉主控室计算机操作站进行；读入碳量修正值（15）是当需要进行碳量修正时，在转炉主控室计算机操作站画面写入碳量修正值，操作“读入碳量修正值”标识框，则完成读入碳量修正值操作；碳量修正值与C i相加并送回寄存器R1（16）是在本次钢液中残余碳量中加入了碳量修正，结果送回寄存器R1；钢液中碳含量C pi计算（17）是用本次计算结果的钢液中残余碳量除以钢水重量G，则得到钢液中碳含量C pi；是否达到碳终点判别（18）是进行钢液中碳含量C pi与钢液中终点碳含量C f比较；结束（19）是程序结束，若钢液中碳含量C pi与钢液中终点碳含量C f比较结果在设定的终点碳目标范围内，则本次基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制程序结束。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于关于碳量修正值，在一次冶炼过程中，铁水中的碳量、废钢中的碳量、生铁块的碳量的原始输入值会存在偏差及在辅原料、合金料、其它原料中会存在对钢水中总碳量有影响的因素，这些偏差和影响因素将使终点碳计算产生误差，为消除这些误差，则需要在转炉主控室计算机操作站输入碳量修正值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于为获得精确的炉口进入的空气所产生的二氧化碳摩尔分数，本发明设置了转炉现场气体检测探头，用于检测转炉现场环境下空气中的氦摩尔分数和二氧化碳摩尔分数，作为气体分析数学模型计算中的基准数据；在每次冶炼开始之前通过现场气体检测、气体分析获得这些基准数据，并存储在气体分析计算机数据库中，便于气体分析脱碳动态模型计算中调用。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于整个冶炼过程气体分析脱碳动态模型计算数据形成了脱碳特性曲线，该特性曲线采用一个动态的一元二次方程模型式（3）来表达，通过方程模型式（3）可预测达到终点碳的时间；所谓动态方程模型是指，该方程模型的系数是根据冶炼过程的不同阶段、不同工作状态、不同的过程参数计算后得出的，且随着冶炼过程不断更新计算，得出的是与冶炼吹氧脱碳过程一致的特性曲线；因为转炉冶炼脱碳过程是一个复杂的非线性动态过程，任何一个静态方程模型都不可能正确地描述整个过程，而动态一元二次方程模型式（3）则能比较完美地描述这个过程；实时的脱碳特性曲线将显示在转炉主控室计算机工作站画面中，用以指导冶炼过程，存储在该计算机中的完整的脱碳特性曲线用于技术分析、故障追索、数学模型优化、系统开发以及综合技术判定；采用动态一元二次方程模型式（3）能进行冶炼全过程终点碳时间预报。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于就数学模型的准确度而言，对于不同类型的转炉、对于不同的冶炼作业情况，对于同一炉次的不同冶炼阶段，会存在某些偏差，故为了修正式（3）动态终点碳时间预测模型，设置了工程系数k，该系数属数学模型优化范畴，当获得多炉次冶炼过程数据后，采取进行数学模型离线优化计算的方法确定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于由于气体分析检测探头安装在转炉一次烟气烟道上，所以对于钢水脱碳而言，气体分析结果是滞后的，存在烟气从炉膛经烟道，至烟道烟气检测探头处的烟气输送延迟时间t g；此外，还存在气体检测装置信号处理延迟时间t d、气体分析计算机分析计算延迟时间t c、转炉主控室计算机工作站系统响应延迟时间t m；即总的时间延迟为式（4）：t T=t g + t d + t c + t m （4）式（4）中：t T：总的时间延迟，s；实际上式（4）中的t g是个变量，取决于转炉一次除尘风机转速和风机入口阀/喉口阀开度，故总的时间延迟t T并不是常数；故终点碳预测时间从式（5）计算得出：t f =t – t T （5）式（5）中：t f：终点碳预测时间，s；应该指出，式（1）的计算结果，不是即时的钢水脱碳情况，实为t T时间之前的情况，故脱碳动态曲线的时间轴应按t T时间进行标定。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于该方法所述仅为本发明的一个应用领域的例子，不用于限制本发明，尽管参照所述例子对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对所述例子所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；凡在本发明的控制原理和控制策略之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2021/083094 WO2022198594A1 (zh) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2021/083094 WO2022198594A1 (zh) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022198594A1 true WO2022198594A1 (zh) | 2022-09-29 |
Family
ID=83396269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2021/083094 WO2022198594A1 (zh) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2022198594A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117831657A (zh) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 宝鸡核力材料科技有限公司 | 基于电子束冷床炉实现热轧卷带的熔炼方法、系统及介质 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030102609A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2003-06-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method for measuring bath level in a basic oxygen furnace to determine lance height adjustment |
| CN103361461A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种转炉冶炼低碳钢磷含量在线预测控制方法 |
| CN108647407A (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-12 | 北京科技大学 | 一种转炉炼钢烟气分析定碳方法 |
| CN108676955A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-19 | 中南大学 | 一种转炉炼钢终点碳含量和温度控制方法 |
| CN212688115U (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-03-12 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 |
| CN212688117U (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-03-12 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 |
| CN113512620A (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
| CN113512622A (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-25 WO PCT/CN2021/083094 patent/WO2022198594A1/zh active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030102609A1 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2003-06-05 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method for measuring bath level in a basic oxygen furnace to determine lance height adjustment |
| CN103361461A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种转炉冶炼低碳钢磷含量在线预测控制方法 |
| CN108647407A (zh) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-12 | 北京科技大学 | 一种转炉炼钢烟气分析定碳方法 |
| CN108676955A (zh) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-10-19 | 中南大学 | 一种转炉炼钢终点碳含量和温度控制方法 |
| CN212688115U (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-03-12 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 |
| CN212688117U (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-03-12 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 |
| CN113512620A (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
| CN113512622A (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-19 | 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117831657A (zh) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 宝鸡核力材料科技有限公司 | 基于电子束冷床炉实现热轧卷带的熔炼方法、系统及介质 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113512622A (zh) | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 | |
| CN101592964B (zh) | 一种双工位lf炉钢水温度预报控制方法 | |
| CN103103309B (zh) | 一种辅助预报转炉炼钢终点的方法 | |
| CN108647407B (zh) | 一种转炉炼钢烟气分析定碳方法 | |
| WO2021129350A1 (zh) | 一种转炉炼钢冶炼后期碳含量预报方法 | |
| CN113512620B (zh) | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 | |
| CN102399933B (zh) | 一种转炉吹炼低碳钢氧枪自动控制方法 | |
| WO2022198594A1 (zh) | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法 | |
| CN113192568B (zh) | 一种精炼炉脱硫终点预报方法和系统 | |
| CN101881981A (zh) | 一种rh钢水温度、成分闭环控制系统 | |
| TW202212576A (zh) | 作業指導方法、高爐之作業方法、鐵水之製造方法、作業指導裝置 | |
| Lin et al. | Consideration of green intelligent steel processes and narrow window stability control technology on steel quality | |
| WO2022241920A1 (zh) | 一种转炉烟气净化回收智能控制系统和控制方法 | |
| CN102136037A (zh) | 基于主成分分析的灰色多因素MGM(1,n)模型的副产煤气发生量预测方法 | |
| CN212688117U (zh) | 基于气体分析的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 | |
| CN212688115U (zh) | 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制系统 | |
| CN101592650B (zh) | 电炉炼钢炉内钢水碳含量的连续测定方法 | |
| CN118070645A (zh) | 一种基于BiLSTM-CNN的电炉终点温度预测方法 | |
| Xin et al. | Modeling of LF refining process: A review | |
| CN104267600B (zh) | 钢包精炼炉电极调节控制系统及其控制方法 | |
| CN111518980B (zh) | 一种转炉终点碳含量预报模型的修正方法和系统 | |
| CN201876400U (zh) | 钢包透气砖透气性能检测装置 | |
| CN115341069B (zh) | 一种基于在线动态检测模型的转炉吹炼终点的钢液碳含量预测控制方法 | |
| CN113652518B (zh) | 转炉及其转炉煤气柜煤气储量的预测方法、预测系统 | |
| CN113076505A (zh) | 一种转炉钢水脱碳速率计算方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21932219 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 21932219 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |