WO2022198328A1 - Procédé et système pour produire un gaz comprenant de l'azote (n2) et de l'hydrogène (h2) par combustion d'hydrogène en présence d'air - Google Patents
Procédé et système pour produire un gaz comprenant de l'azote (n2) et de l'hydrogène (h2) par combustion d'hydrogène en présence d'air Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022198328A1 WO2022198328A1 PCT/CA2022/050444 CA2022050444W WO2022198328A1 WO 2022198328 A1 WO2022198328 A1 WO 2022198328A1 CA 2022050444 W CA2022050444 W CA 2022050444W WO 2022198328 A1 WO2022198328 A1 WO 2022198328A1
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- hydrogen
- reaction chamber
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 22
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009620 Haber process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- B01J12/005—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/11—Air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
- B01D2257/104—Oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00159—Controlling the temperature controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/068—Ammonia synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
- C01B2203/1623—Adjusting the temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure
- C01B2203/1638—Adjusting the pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
Definitions
- the present application relates to a process and a system for producing a gas comprising nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) by combustion of hydrogen in the presence of air. More particularly, the process and the system can make it possible to produce a synthesis gas based on N2 and H2 which can be used to produce ammonia.
- Ammonia is a commodity that is central to the production of a broad spectrum of chemicals. In addition, its potential use as a fuel - or energy carrier - is currently being considered. Ammonia can be produced by the well-known Haber-Bosch process, which is based on the following reaction:
- the hydrogen required to generate syngas can be produced in different ways.
- this hydrogen can be produced by means of water electrolysis systems with a power supply from a renewable source (e.g., hydraulic, wind, solar).
- a renewable source e.g., hydraulic, wind, solar.
- nitrogen required to make syngas comes from air which contains about 79% nitrogen and about 21% oxygen.
- nitrogen can be produced by cryogenics, by membrane separation or by physical adsorption (Pressure Swing Adsorption or "PSA").
- An alternative approach to producing nitrogen consists in reacting the oxygen in the air, in the presence of hydrogen, so as to transform this oxygen into water vapor according to the reaction:
- Sufficient hydrogen can be burned to completely convert the oxygen in the air into water vapour. Subsequently, this water vapor can be separated, for example by condensation, in order to recover the nitrogen.
- an electrolysis system can be used which can both produce the hydrogen required for the synthesis of ammonia and also the quantity of hydrogen which must be burned. to transform into water vapor the oxygen contained in the air used to produce the nitrogen required for the synthesis of ammonia.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- a process for the production of a gas based on hydrogen and nitrogen, useful for example for the synthesis of ammonia, by combustion of hydrogen in the presence of air is of particular interest.
- a process for the production of a gas based on hydrogen and nitrogen, by simple combustion of hydrogen in the presence of air, which can be implemented in a reactor of simple design, while making it possible to limit the formation of NOx is attractive. Such a method will be described in the following.
- the present technology relates to a method for producing a gas comprising nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) in a reaction chamber of length L of a reactor, comprising the injection of air and the injection of hydrogen into the reactor and the combustion of part of the hydrogen injected with the oxygen of the air into the reaction chamber in the presence of a superstoichiometric molar excess of hydrogen per relative to the oxygen in the air, in which: the combustion is supported by a flame produced by an air flow having a speed vi resulting from the injection of air, surrounded by a hydrogen flow having a speed V2 resulting from the injection of hydrogen, with speed V2 which is greater than vi.
- the method is such that the speed vi is from around 1 m/s to around 200 m/s.
- the speed vi can be from about 5 m/s to about 150 m/s.
- the speed vi can also be from about 10 m/s to about 100 m/s.
- the method is such that the speed V2 is from around 2 m/s to around 220 m/s.
- the speed V2 can be from around 10 m/s to around 200 m/s.
- the speed V2 can also be from about 15 m/s to about 175 m/s.
- the method is such that the air is injected with a molar flow F1, the hydrogen is injected with a molar flow F2, and the F1/F2 ratio is between approximately 1.2 and approximately 3 ,5.
- the F2/F1 ratio can be between about 2 and about 3.5.
- the F2/F1 ratio can also be between about 2.8 and 3.5.
- the method is such that the length L of the reaction chamber is such that the volume of the reaction chamber allows a minimum residence time of air and hydrogen, inside of the reaction chamber.
- the residence time can be from 0.001 to 1 second.
- the residence time can also be 0.01 to 0.1 seconds.
- the method is such that the reaction chamber is maintained at an average temperature T of between about 500°C and about 1500°C during combustion.
- the method is such that the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature Ti in a first region where the air and hydrogen flows mix in the reaction chamber, with Ti between approximately 600 °C and about 1500 °C.
- the method is such that the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature T2 in a second region close to an outlet of the reaction chamber, with T2 ranging between about 500°C and about 1500°C .
- the temperature T2 can also be between about 500°C and about 1200°C.
- the method is such that the temperature is maintained in the reaction chamber at least in part by dissipating the heat produced by the flame outside the reaction chamber.
- the method is such that the temperature is maintained in the reaction chamber at least in part by recovery of the heat produced by the flame, by a heat transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid can be a liquid, an oil or a gas.
- the heat transfer fluid can also be water of the quality required for the generation of superheated steam.
- the steam generated can be recycled to provide at least part of the heat required in the process or in another process or to generate electricity.
- heat dissipation can take place by convection, in the presence of air.
- the method is such that the pressure in the reaction chamber is at least 1 atm. According to another embodiment, the pressure in the reaction chamber can be from 1 atm to about 10 atm. According to another embodiment, the method is such that the hydrogen comes from an electrolysis reaction of water.
- the method further comprises drying of the gas comprising the nitrogen (N2) and the hydrogen (H2) produced, and recovery of water.
- the drying may comprise condensation by cooling.
- the present technology relates to the use of a gas comprising nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) produced by the process as defined in the present description, for the synthesis of ammonia.
- the present technology relates to a system comprising at least one reactor for producing a gas comprising nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2), in which said reactor comprises: a reaction chamber comprising a wall and a first end and a second end separated by a distance L, in which the gas is produced by combustion of part of the hydrogen injected with the oxygen of the air in the presence of a molar over-stoichiometric excess of hydrogen versus oxygen in the air; at least a first means for supplying the reaction chamber with an air flow at a speed vi at the first end of the chamber; at least one second means for supplying the reaction chamber with a flow of hydrogen at a speed V2 at the first end of the chamber, the speed V2 being greater than vi; the first means supplying the air flow and the second means supplying the hydrogen flow are arranged so that the air flow is surrounded by the hydrogen flow during combustion.
- N2 nitrogen
- H2 hydrogen
- the system is such that the speed vi is from around 1 m/s to around 200 m/s.
- the speed vi can be from about 5 m/s to about 150 m/s.
- the speed vi can also be from about 20 m/s to about 100 m/s.
- the system is such that the speed V2 is from around 2 m/s to around 220 m/s.
- the speed V2 is from around 10 m/s to around 200 m/s.
- the speed V2 can also be from about 30 m/s to about 175 m/s.
- the system is such that the air is supplied with a molar flow rate Fi, the hydrogen is supplied with a molar flow rate F2 and the ratio F2/F1 is between approximately 1.2 and approximately 3, 5.
- the F2/F1 ratio can be between about 2 and about 3.5.
- the F2/F1 ratio can also be between about 2.8 and about 3.5.
- the system is such that the length L of the reaction chamber is such that the volume of the reaction chamber allows a minimum residence time for air and hydrogen, inside the reaction chamber.
- the residence time is 0.001 to 1 second.
- the residence time can also be 0.01 to 0.1 seconds.
- the system is designed to maintain the reaction chamber at an average temperature T of between about 500°C and about 1500°C during combustion.
- the system is designed to maintain a temperature T1 of between about 600°C and about 1500°C in a first region of the reaction chamber where the gas streams mix.
- the system is designed to maintain a temperature T2 of between approximately 500°C and approximately 1500°C in a second region close to an outlet of the reaction chamber.
- the temperature I2 is between approximately 500°C and approximately 1200°C.
- the system is such that the wall of the reaction chamber comprises a thermally non-insulating material to allow the temperature to be maintained in the reaction chamber at least in part by dissipation of the heat produced by the combustion to the exterior of the reaction chamber.
- the non-thermally insulating material is a metallic material.
- the system further comprises a device in which a heat transfer fluid circulates to recover the dissipated heat.
- the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, an oil or a gas.
- the heat transfer fluid is water of the quality required for the generation of superheated steam.
- the steam generated is recycled to provide at least part of the heat required in the process or in another process or to generate electricity.
- heat dissipation takes place by convection, in the presence of air.
- the system is such that the pressure in the reaction chamber is at least 1 atm. According to another embodiment, the pressure in the reaction chamber is from 1 atm to about 10 atm.
- the system is such that the first means for supplying the air flow comprises a tube having an external diameter and an external wall, the air flowing through the tube from a first end towards a second end.
- the system is such that the second end of the tube through which the air flow enters the reaction chamber is located at the level of the first end of the reaction chamber.
- the system is such that the second means for supplying the hydrogen flow comprises a space delimited by the external diameter of the air flow supply tube and extending perpendicularly from the wall outer tube to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.
- the system is such that the reaction chamber is cylindrical in shape and the second means for supplying the hydrogen flow comprises an annular space delimited by the external diameter of the flow supply tube of air and extending perpendicularly from the outer wall of the tube to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.
- the system is such that: the first means for supplying the air flow comprises a first tube having an external diameter and an external wall, the air circulating through the first tube from a first end from the first tube to a second end of the first tube, and the second means for supplying the flow of hydrogen comprises a second tube having an internal diameter and an internal wall, the hydrogen flowing through the second tube from a first end of the second tube to a second end of the second tube.
- the system is such that the second end of the first tube through which the air enters the reaction chamber and the second end of the second tube through which the hydrogen enters the reaction chamber are all both located at the first end of the reaction chamber.
- the system is such that the flow of hydrogen is fed into the reaction chamber by a space delimited by the external diameter of the first tube and extending perpendicularly from the external wall of the first tube to 'to the inner wall of the second tube.
- the system is such that the reaction chamber is cylindrical in shape and the flow of hydrogen is fed into the reaction chamber by an annular space delimited by the outer diameter of the first tube and extending perpendicularly from the outer wall of the first tube to the inner wall of the second tube.
- the system is such that the hydrogen comes from an electrolysis reaction of water.
- the system further comprises a device for drying the gas comprising the nitrogen (N2) and the hydrogen (H2) produced and for recovering of water.
- the device for drying and recovering water comprises a device for condensation by cooling.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view in section along the vertical of a reactor which can be used to carry out the method according to one embodiment.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view along the vertical of a reactor which can be used to carry out the method according to another embodiment.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic view in section along the vertical of a system comprising several reactors according to Figure 1 which can be used to carry out the method according to another embodiment.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic view in section along the vertical of a system comprising several reactors according to Figure 2 which can be used to carry out the method according to another embodiment.
- Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view along the vertical of a reactor which can be used to carry out the method according to yet another embodiment.
- synthesis gas is used to identify a gaseous mixture comprising at least hydrogen (hte) and nitrogen (N2).
- the syngas may include water vapor (H2O).
- reaction involves a stream containing hydrogen (H2) and an air stream containing oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) which will react together to form syngas.
- H2 hydrogen
- O2 oxygen
- N2 nitrogen
- This document therefore presents an innovative method and system for the production of a gas comprising nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) in a reaction chamber of a reactor.
- the method includes injecting air and injecting hydrogen into the reactor and combusting some of the injected hydrogen with oxygen from the air in the reaction chamber.
- the reaction takes place in the presence of an over-stoichiometric molar excess of hydrogen relative to the oxygen in the air.
- Combustion in the reaction chamber is supported by a flame produced by a flow of air having a speed vi resulting from the injection of air, surrounded by a flow of hydrogen having a speed V2 resulting from the injection of hydrogen, with the speed V 2 which is greater than the speed vi.
- the reaction to form the gas is therefore carried out in the presence of a superstoichiometric molar excess of hydrogen relative to the oxygen in the air.
- superstoichiometric molar excess of hydrogen it will be understood that the quantity of hydrogen (hte) injected into the reactor must be sufficient on the one hand to allow the combustion reaction with the oxygen in the air according to equation (2) by consuming all the oxygen injected, and on the other hand to allow that part of the hydrogen injected is not burned and can end up in the synthesis gas produced.
- an over-stoichiometric molar excess of hydrogen relative to oxygen implies a molar ratio Fte to O2 necessarily greater than 2, preferably at least 5.8. According to some embodiments, the H2 to O2 molar ratio is at most 16.7.
- the combustion of hydrogen in the presence of the over-stoichiometric excess of hydrogen is therefore carried out with a flame which is produced by the flow of air surrounded by the flow of hydrogen, in the reaction chamber.
- Combustion can be initiated using an ignition device, such as an electric arc, glowing wire, candle, or any other known energy source.
- an ignition device such as an electric arc, glowing wire, candle, or any other known energy source.
- the air flow, and therefore the flame is therefore found in a kind of envelope formed by the flow of hydrogen.
- This envelope of hydrogen around the air flow can be formed thanks to i) the difference in speed of the air and hydrogen flows entering the reaction chamber, the speed V2 of the hydrogen flow being greater than the velocity vi of the air flow, and ii) the geometry of the entry of the gases, ie air and hydrogen, into the reaction chamber.
- Figure 1 presents the general principle of operation of a reactor which can be used to produce synthesis gas based on hydrogen and nitrogen according to certain embodiments.
- the reactor may comprise at least one reaction chamber of length L provided with a wall, at least one first air supply means and at least one second hydrogen supply means.
- the first and second means for supplying the reaction chamber with the air flow and the hydrogen flow are located at a first end of the chamber, which, in Figure 1, is located at the bottom of the chamber. of reaction.
- the hydrogen flow supply means and air are arranged to allow the flow of air to be surrounded by the flow of hydrogen during combustion, that is to say so that the flow of hydrogen can form an envelope around the flow of air .
- the arrangement of the means for supplying the air and hydrogen flows makes it possible to have a central air flow with the hydrogen flow which surrounds it in the reaction chamber.
- the first means for supplying the air flow may comprise a tube having an external diameter and an external wall, the air flowing through the tube from a first end towards a second end.
- the second end of the tube through which the air flow enters the reaction chamber can be located approximately at the level of the first end of the reaction chamber.
- the second end of the tube through which the air flow enters the reaction chamber can be located inside the first third of the height of the reaction chamber starting from the first end of the chamber .
- the second means for supplying the flow of hydrogen may comprise a space delimited by the external diameter of the supply tube of the air flow and extending perpendicularly from the external wall of the tube to the internal wall of the reaction chamber.
- the reaction chamber can be cylindrical in shape and the second means for supplying the hydrogen flow can comprise an annular space delimited by the external diameter of the air flow supply tube and extending perpendicularly from the outer wall of the tube to the inner wall of the reaction chamber.
- the reactor itself may consist of two concentric tubes forming an arrangement as shown more particularly in FIG.
- the outer tube is found both to form the wall of the reaction chamber and to delimit the annular space through which the flow of hydrogen is fed.
- the inner tube is used to inject the air and the space extending between the outer wall of the inner tube to the inner wall of the outer tube forms the annular space for supplying the hydrogen flow.
- the reactor itself may consist of three tubes forming an arrangement as shown more particularly in Figure 2.
- the reactor may comprise a first tube for injecting air, a second tube for the injection of H2, and finally, a third tube defining the wall of the reaction chamber.
- hydrogen is injected into the annular space defined by the outer diameter of the air injection tube and the inner diameter of the hydrogen injection tube.
- the hydrogen injection tube ends, in its upper part, at the level of the lower end of the tube defining the wall of the reaction chamber.
- the upper ends of the air injection and hydrogen injection tubes can be substantially aligned, thus the air and hydrogen flows entering the reaction chamber at the same level. .
- the system for producing the synthesis gas based on nitrogen and hydrogen can comprise several reactors in parallel as represented for example in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the system can comprise an enclosure containing a multitude of reactors where each reactor, which may be of the type shown in Figure 1 or of the type shown in Figure 2, receives a flow of air and a flow of hydrogen.
- Air on the one hand and hydrogen on the other hand can be supplied to the system by means of a common inlet for each gas.
- Each of the gases is then fed into each reactor.
- the syngas produced in each of the reactors can then be assembled and discharged from the system through a common outlet.
- the system for producing the synthesis gas based on nitrogen and hydrogen can comprise a reactor as shown in Figure 5 designed to produce several hydrogen combustion reactions by atmospheric oxygen, in the presence of a superstoichiometric excess, inside a single reaction chamber.
- the reactor can be arranged to receive a main flow of air and a main flow of hydrogen, each of the main flows separating into several secondary flows.
- the velocity vi of the secondary flow of air is lower than the velocity V2 of the secondary flow of hydrogen.
- each secondary flow of air is found in a sort of envelope formed by the secondary flow of associated hydrogen.
- the flame produced by each combination of air and hydrogen secondary streams is also enveloped by the related hydrogen secondary stream.
- the synthesis gas produced for each combination of secondary air and hydrogen streams can be recovered in an overall synthesis gas stream at the outlet of the reactor.
- a reactor for producing synthesis gas is designed so that the temperature in the reaction chamber of the reactor is maintained at a certain level in order to limit the production of NOx.
- the system is designed to maintain the reaction chamber at an average temperature T of between approximately 500° C. and approximately 1500° C. during combustion.
- the average temperature T in the reaction chamber during combustion can be maintained at around 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C. C, 1300°C, 1400°C or 1500°C or can be any value between these temperatures.
- the system can be designed to maintain a temperature Ti in a region near the inlet of the reaction chamber where the gas streams mix, between about 600°C and about 1500°C.
- the temperature Ti can therefore be maintained at approximately 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C or 1500°C or at any value between these temperatures.
- the system can be designed to maintain a temperature ⁇ 2 in a region near the outlet of the reaction chamber between about 500°C and about 1500°C.
- the temperature in the region near the outlet of the reaction chamber can be controlled to be between about 500°C and about 1200°C.
- the temperature T2 can therefore be maintained at approximately 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C or 1500°C or any what value between these temperatures.
- Temperature control can be done in different ways and more details on this will be provided below.
- the temperature of the reaction chamber as mentioned above can vary depending on the exact place where the temperature measurement is taken.
- the temperature values mentioned above can be different from the maximum temperature of the reaction itself which can reach temperatures above 1500°C. Indeed, the temperature at the level of the hydrogen-oxygen flame can even reach values of more than 2000°C.
- the pressure in the reaction chamber is controlled to be at least 1 atm.
- the pressure in the reaction chamber can for example vary between approximately 1 atm and 10 atm. So the pressure can be 1 atm, 2 atm, 3 atm, 4 atm, 5 atm, 6 atm, 7 atm, 8 atm, 9 atm, 10 atm or any pressure in between.
- the airflow and the hydrogen flow must have different velocities in the reaction chamber, with the velocity of the hydrogen flow being greater than that of the airflow.
- the air is injected into the reactor so as to constitute a central flow inside the reaction chamber at the speed vi.
- This speed vi is calculated from the volume flow rate of supplied air corrected for the temperature Ti and pressure in the reaction chamber, this flow rate being divided by the surface perpendicular to the flow of the air injection pipe.
- the speed vi can be from approximately 1 m/s to approximately 200 m/s.
- the speed vi can be from about 5 m/s to about 150 m/s or else from about 10 m/s to about 100 m/s.
- the velocity vi of the central air flow can be 1 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 20 m/s, 30 m/s, 40 m/s, 50 m/s, 60 m/s, 70m/s, 80m/s, 90 m/s, 100 m/s, 110 m/s, 120 m/s, 130 m/s, 140 m/s, 150 m/s, 160 m/s, 170 m/s, 180 m/s, 190 m/s, 200 m/s, or any speed in between.
- the speed V2 can be from about 2 m/s to about 220 m/s.
- the speed V2 can be from about 10 m/s to about 200 m/s or even from about 15 m/s to about 175 m/s.
- the speed V2 of the hydrogen flow can be 2 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 20 m/s, 30 m/s, 40 m/s, 50 m/s, 60 m /s, 70m/s, 80m/s, 90m/s, 100m/s, 110m/s, 120m/s, 130m/s, 140m/s, 150m/s, 160m /s, 170 m/s, 180 m/s, 190 m/s, 200 m/s, 210 m/s, 220 m/s or any speed between these values as long as it is greater than the speed vi of the air flow.
- hydrogen can be fed into the reactor in the space formed between the outer wall of the air supply tube and the inner wall of the reactor, this space being for example annular when the wall of the reactor is cylindrical.
- the hydrogen which is injected into the reaction chamber constitutes a hydrogen flow whose speed V2 must be greater than that of the air flow (vi).
- the speed V2 of the flow of hydrogen entering the reaction chamber is calculated from the volume flow of hydrogen injected corrected for the temperature Ti and pressure in the reactor, this flow being divided by the surface perpendicular to the flow of the hydrogen. space where the injected hydrogen circulates, this space preferably being annular as explained above.
- the hydrogen is fed into the reactor by injection into the space formed between the outer wall of the air supply tube and the inner wall of the air supply tube. hydrogen supply, this space being for example annular when the wall of the hydrogen injection tube is cylindrical in shape.
- the hydrogen which is injected into the reaction chamber constitutes a hydrogen flow whose speed V2 must be greater than that of the air flow (vi).
- the speed V2 of the flow of hydrogen entering the reaction chamber is calculated from the volume flow rate of hydrogen injected corrected for the temperature Ti and pressure in the reactor, this flow rate being divided by the surface perpendicular to the flow of the space where the injected hydrogen circulates, this space being preferentially annular as explained above.
- Air and hydrogen are fed into the reactor with certain molar flow rates to support the combustion reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air, while having an over-stoichiometric excess of hydrogen.
- the air is fed into the reactor with a molar flow rate Fi and the hydrogen is fed with a molar flow rate F2 and the ratio F2/F1 is between about 1.2 and about 3.5.
- the ratio between the molar flow rates of hydrogen and air F2/F1 can be between about 2 and about 3 or can be between about 2.8 and about 3.5.
- the F2/F1 ratio can therefore be around 1.2 or 1.5 or 2 or 2.5 or 3 or 3.5 or any ratio between these values.
- the F2/F1 ratio may be approximately 3 and more particularly approximately 2.8, which corresponds to the theoretical molar ratio for producing a synthesis gas containing the proportions of H2 and N2 required to manufacture ammonia according to reaction (2), while allowing the complete transformation, into H2O, of the oxygen contained in the injected air.
- the reaction chamber of the reactor in which the synthesis gas is produced can have a length L corresponding substantially to a distance between a region where the flow of hydrogen and the flow of air mix in the reaction chamber. (e.g., at the lower end of the chamber) and a region near the outlet of the reaction chamber at the other end of the reaction chamber (e.g., at the upper end of the chamber).
- the length L of the reaction chamber can be such that the volume of the reaction chamber allows a minimum residence time of air and hydrogen inside the reaction chamber.
- the length L is such that the residence time t of the gases in the reaction chamber is from 0.001 to 1 second.
- the residence time is 0.01 to 0.1 seconds.
- the residence time is defined as follows:
- the residence time t in the reaction chamber can be 0.001 to 1 second.
- the residence time t can be from 0.01 to 0.1 second.
- the residence time t can therefore be 0.001 or 0.002 or 0.005 or 0.01 or 0.015 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.04 or 0.05 or 0.06 or 0.07 or 0.08 or 0 .09 or 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.4 or 0.5 or 0.6 or 0.7 or 0.8 or 0.9 or 1 second, or any time between these values.
- the length L of the reaction chamber can be between approximately 0.10 m and 3 m.
- the length L can be determined to achieve an ability of the system to maintain a desired conversion efficiency.
- the temperature in the reaction chamber can be maintained at a certain value between a minimum temperature and a maximum temperature during the combustion and the production of the synthesis gas. By maintaining a certain temperature in the reaction chamber, it is thus possible to limit the production of NOx.
- One way to control the temperature so that it remains at a certain value is to carry out the combustion in a reaction chamber whose wall is made of a non-thermally insulating material.
- the heat given off by the combustion of hydrogen by the oxygen in the air in the reaction chamber can, at least in part, be dissipated through the non-insulating material of the wall towards the outside of the chamber. reaction (see Figure 1).
- a non-thermally insulating material may for example be a metallic material such as a metal alloy.
- the material is also preferably corrosion resistant.
- a metal of the Inconel® type or other equivalent material can for example be used to form the wall of the reaction chamber.
- the heat given off by the combustion through the wall of the reaction chamber can be dissipated by convection, in the presence of air.
- the heat which is dissipated through the wall of the reaction chamber can be recovered by a device in which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
- a heat exchange device in which the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, an oil or a gas can be used.
- Such a device can for example comprise a jacket surrounding the reactor, in which the heat transfer fluid circulates.
- the heat dissipated through the wall of the reaction chamber can be used to heat water circulating in a device surrounding the chamber so as to generate water vapor.
- the recovery of the heat given off by the reactor can be particularly advantageous for generating superheated water vapor with the water of suitable quality circulating in the heat exchange device.
- the water vapor thus generated can be recycled to provide at least part of the heat required in the process, in another process or to generate electricity.
- the superheated steam produced can be used to power a steam turbine used to generate electricity.
- the synthesis gas produced by the system described previously and which leaves the reactor therefore comprises nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2), and also a certain water vapor content.
- the gas leaving the reactor is therefore a wet raw gas which can then be dried to recover a dry gas.
- the raw gas can be dried by known means of steam separation.
- the raw gas drying and water recovery device may include a cooling condenser apparatus. It is also possible, if necessary, to use other means for separating water vapor such as for example a drying medium by adsorption.
- the water which is recovered during the drying of the crude synthesis gas can then be reused in the process, as will be explained below, for example to produce the hydrogen which will be fed into the reactor.
- the hydrogen used for the production of syngas be produced by a water electrolysis system with a power supply from a renewable source (hydraulic, wind, or solar).
- the water electrolysis system can use electricity produced, at least in part, from the superheated water vapor obtained by recovering the heat given off by the reactor as mentioned above.
- the water used to obtain hydrogen by water electrolysis can come, at least in part, from the water recovered during the drying of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the reactor, as detailed above.
- the water recovered during the drying of the synthesis gas can be used, at least in part, as a coolant in the device for recovering the heat released by the reactor as explained above.
- the synthesis gas obtained by the present technology which comprises nitrogen and hydrogen, can be used in various industrial processes for which these two gases are required. Even if such an industrial process preferably includes the production of ammonia, other industrial processes using H2/N2 mixtures with molar ratios different from that required for the synthesis of ammonia can also use the synthesis gas produced by the present technology.
- the ratio between the molar flow rate of hydrogen injected and the molar flow rate of air injected may preferably be between 2.8 and 3, 5, more particularly around 3, more particularly around 2.8.
- the technology described in this document has several advantages. It offers a process that is simple to implement and relatively inexpensive for producing synthesis gases based on hydrogen and nitrogen, in particular a synthesis gas which can be used to synthesize ammonia.
- the production of synthesis gas according to the present technology is therefore conducive to a "green" ammonia production process, that is to say ammonia production with a life cycle with no - or practically no - emission of greenhouse gases (GHG).
- GHG greenhouse gases
- a small size reactor was fabricated so as to define an arrangement as shown in Figure 2.
- This reactor was constructed from Inconel 600TM tubing.
- thermocouple located at a vertical distance of 32.37 mm from the nozzle, makes it possible to measure a proximity temperature level, ie Ti.
- a second thermocouple located near the outlet of the reactor, ie at a vertical distance of nearly 340 mm from the nozzle, makes it possible to measure the temperature level T2.
- the NO content is measured directly and continuously, using an analysis device dedicated to this purpose. The part of the gas leaving the reactor and which happens to circulate inside the analyzer is found to be at a temperature of nearly 28°C. NO is considered representative of nitrogen oxides.
- the airflow velocity vi is calculated from the perpendicular surface defined by the internal diameter of the air injection tube and from the corrected air volume flow at a temperature T1 and at the pressure in the reaction chamber.
- the H2 flow velocity (V2) is calculated from the area of the annular space bounded by the inner diameter of the hydrogen injection tube and the outer diameter of the air injection tube, and from the volume flow rate of H2 corrected at a temperature T1 and at the pressure in the reaction chamber.
- the NO content of the gas obtained in each of the tests does not vary significantly.
- a statistical analysis gives an average value of 10.54 ppm with a confidence interval of +/- 0.61 ppm (based on the Student factor for a probability of 95%).
- Increasing the input flow rate (Q1 and Q2) causes the residence time to vary from 0.095 to 0.041 seconds, but this has no significant effect on the NO content of the outgoing gas.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US18/552,490 US20240286893A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | Process and system for producing a gas comprising nitrogen (n2) and hydrogen (h2) by combustion of hydrogen in the presence of air |
JP2023558567A JP2024516776A (ja) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | 空気の存在下での水素の燃焼によって窒素(n2)及び水素(h2)を含むガスを生成するための方法及びシステム |
BR112023019446A BR112023019446A2 (pt) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | Processo para produzir um gás, uso de um gás, e, sistema |
CA3166968A CA3166968A1 (fr) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | Procede et systeme pour produire un gaz comprenant de l'azote (n2) et de l'hydrogene (h2) par combustion d'hydrogene en presence d'air |
AU2022242188A AU2022242188A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | Method and system for producing a gas comprising nitrogen (n2) and hydrogen (h2) by combustion of hydrogen in the presence of air |
EP22773849.9A EP4313848A1 (fr) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | Procédé et système pour produire un gaz comprenant de l'azote (n2) et de l'hydrogène (h2) par combustion d'hydrogène en présence d'air |
CN202280030947.XA CN117255768A (zh) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | 用于通过在存在空气的情况下使氢气燃烧生产包括氮气(n2)和氢气(h2)的气体的方法和系统 |
KR1020237036107A KR20240007129A (ko) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-03-25 | 공기 존재 하에 수소의 연소에 의해 질소(n2)와 수소(h2)를 포함하는 가스를 생성하기 위한 프로세스 및 시스템 |
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CA3113341A CA3113341A1 (fr) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Procede et systeme pour produire un gaz comprenant de l'azote (n2) et del'hydrogene (h2) par combustion d'hydrogene en presence d'air |
CA3113341 | 2021-03-26 |
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US (1) | US20240286893A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4313848A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2024516776A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20240007129A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN117255768A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2022242188A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112023019446A2 (fr) |
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Citations (2)
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WO2008154257A2 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Procédés et appareils de production d'ammoniaque |
WO2021148677A1 (fr) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Procédé de production d'ammoniac |
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2021
- 2021-03-26 CA CA3113341A patent/CA3113341A1/fr active Pending
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- 2022-03-25 AU AU2022242188A patent/AU2022242188A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-25 WO PCT/CA2022/050444 patent/WO2022198328A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-03-25 CA CA3166968A patent/CA3166968A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-25 EP EP22773849.9A patent/EP4313848A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-03-25 US US18/552,490 patent/US20240286893A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-25 CN CN202280030947.XA patent/CN117255768A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-25 BR BR112023019446A patent/BR112023019446A2/pt unknown
- 2022-03-25 KR KR1020237036107A patent/KR20240007129A/ko unknown
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2008154257A2 (fr) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Procédés et appareils de production d'ammoniaque |
WO2021148677A1 (fr) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Procédé de production d'ammoniac |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
N.J.BAI, ET AL.,: "Numerical investigation into the structural characteristics of a hydrogen dual-swirl combustor with slight temperature rise combustion", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY, vol. 46, no. 43, 23 June 2021 (2021-06-23), pages 22646 - 22658, XP055974507 * |
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CA3166968A1 (fr) | 2022-09-26 |
EP4313848A1 (fr) | 2024-02-07 |
CN117255768A (zh) | 2023-12-19 |
KR20240007129A (ko) | 2024-01-16 |
CA3113341A1 (fr) | 2022-09-26 |
AU2022242188A1 (en) | 2023-11-09 |
BR112023019446A2 (pt) | 2023-12-05 |
US20240286893A1 (en) | 2024-08-29 |
CL2023002790A1 (es) | 2024-01-26 |
JP2024516776A (ja) | 2024-04-17 |
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