WO2022189684A1 - Dispositivo y procedimiento de emulación de sistemas de sobrealimentación - Google Patents
Dispositivo y procedimiento de emulación de sistemas de sobrealimentación Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022189684A1 WO2022189684A1 PCT/ES2022/070124 ES2022070124W WO2022189684A1 WO 2022189684 A1 WO2022189684 A1 WO 2022189684A1 ES 2022070124 W ES2022070124 W ES 2022070124W WO 2022189684 A1 WO2022189684 A1 WO 2022189684A1
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- supply air
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/02—Details or accessories of testing apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the sector of supercharging systems, and more specifically to the emulation of supercharging systems of propulsive sources such as, for example, alternative internal combustion engines, fuel cells, etc.; emulation that is carried out in the design phase of said supercharging systems and/or propulsive sources.
- propulsive sources such as, for example, alternative internal combustion engines, fuel cells, etc.
- propulsive sources such as engines or fuel cells
- supercharging systems are also a common object of design.
- these devices comprise a communication duct between the intake area and the exhaust area of the engine, which causes both pressures (intake pressure and exhaust counterpressure) to equalize.
- the present invention provides a device for dynamic emulation of supercharging systems. Specifically, a device is disclosed that dynamically emulates the pressure and temperature variations experienced by the supply air in a supercharged propellant source, such as, for example, the combustion air in an alternative internal combustion engine (MCIA) turbo-supercharged or the air that circulates through the cathode in a turbo-supercharged fuel cell.
- a supercharged propellant source such as, for example, the combustion air in an alternative internal combustion engine (MCIA) turbo-supercharged or the air that circulates through the cathode in a turbo-supercharged fuel cell.
- MCIA internal combustion engine
- a device for dynamic emulation of propulsive source supercharging systems comprising:
- an inlet duct configured to connect at one end to an inlet of a propulsive source, and to suck in air from the environment at another end, called the suction end, for the use of the air sucked in from the environment as supply air to the propulsive source ;
- an outlet conduit configured to connect at one end to an exhaust of the propulsive source, and to expel exhaust gases from the propulsive source to the environment at another end called the discharge end;
- turbogroup comprising a variable geometry turbine in the outlet duct and a compressor in the inlet duct, coupled to the turbine, such that the turbogroup is configured so that the turbine satisfies the back pressure gradients of the outlet gases and recover part of the energy available in said gases to compress the supply air by the compressor;
- a heating means configured to heat supply air
- a means of thermal regulation of the supply air configured to regulate the mixture of at least a cold flow of supply air coming from the cooling medium and a hot flow of supply air coming from the heating medium, and thus regulate the temperature of the supply air independently of its pressure; so that the temperature gradient of the supply air is precisely controlled, overcoming the thermal inertia of the cooling medium and the heating medium.
- a method for dynamic emulation of propulsive source supercharging systems is disclosed, using an emulation device according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the emulation procedure comprises sucking in air from the environment to use it as supply air for the propulsive source; feeding the propulsive source with the supply air; expel exhaust gases from the propulsive source into the environment; with the particularity that one or more of the following actions are carried out:
- the device and method for dynamic emulation of supercharging systems according to the present invention can be applied to propulsive sources such as single-cylinder research ASMs, naturally aspirated or atmospheric ASMs of any type, fuel cells of any type, etc. In all these cases it is of great interest to have this dynamic emulation device and procedure in order to be able to experimentally evaluate quickly and effectively the coupling of a propulsive source with different turbo-supercharging systems under dynamic conditions.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the dynamic emulation system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the dynamic emulation system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, with two cooling means.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the dynamic emulation system according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, with two cooling means, as well as three purge valves associated with a compressor of a turbogroup and two electro-compressors, respectively.
- the present invention discloses a device for dynamic emulation of propulsive source supercharging systems, such as a reciprocating internal combustion engine supercharging system, a fuel cell supercharging system, etc.
- the device is intended to emulate pressure and temperature gradient ranges for flow ranges of a turbo-supercharged propulsive source.
- dynamic within the context of the present invention it is understood that it is capable of reproducing a wide range of pressure and temperature gradients, independently and accurately, which provides a significant difference with respect to the state of the art. current. These gradients correspond to those that can be achieved in a propulsive source with any turbocharging technology, including electrically assisted turbochargers.
- the dynamic emulation device comprises an inlet duct (2), an outlet duct (4), a turbogroup (12) and one or more compressors, preferably of the electro-compressor type (14). , as explained below:
- the inlet duct (2) is configured to connect at one end to an inlet of a propulsive source (10), and to suck in air from the environment at the other end, called the suction end. The air sucked in from the environment is used as supply air for the propulsive source (10).
- inlet duct must be understood in a broad and non-limiting sense, encompassing not only a single duct, but any set of ducts intended for the transit of supply air between the environment and the propulsive source (10).
- the outlet conduit (4) is configured to connect at one end to an exhaust of the propulsive source (10), and to expel exhaust gases from the propulsive source (10) to the environment at another end called the discharge end.
- outlet duct must be understood in a broad and non-limiting sense, encompassing not only a single duct, but any set of ducts intended for the transit of outlet gases between the propulsive source (10) and the environment.
- the ducts of the emulation device are DN50 ducts.
- the turbogroup (12) comprises a variable geometry turbine and a compressor coupled to the turbine.
- the turbine is arranged in the outlet duct (4), and the compressor in the inlet duct (2).
- the turbo group (12) is configured so that the turbine satisfies the back pressure gradients of the exhaust gases and recovers part of the energy available in said exhaust gases to compress the supply air. through the compressor.
- the turbogroup (12) has a power of 10 kW.
- the turbine of the turbogroup (12) is a centripetal radial turbine.
- the emulation device comprises several turbogroups, in order, for example, to emulate the operation of a biturbo.
- electro-compressor means a compressor mechanically driven by an electric motor.
- the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) are arranged in the inlet duct (2); and they are placed in series with the compressor of the turbo group (12).
- the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) are configured to compress the supply air and reproduce supply air pressure gradients in a controlled manner.
- the emulation device comprises several electro-compressors (14), which makes it possible to cover situations in which the supercharging needs are greater.
- the emulation device comprises several electro-compressors (14) in series with each other and with the compressor of the turbo group (12). In this case, the fact that the electro-compressors (14) are arranged in series with each other favors the emulation device being able to achieve high levels of supply air pressure and reproduce high pressure gradients of the supply air in a controlled manner. supply.
- the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) are centrifugal radials.
- the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) have a total power of 20 kW, and more preferably with 11 kW for low pressure and 9 kW for high pressure.
- the present invention has been developed taking into account the need to allow dynamic emulations to be carried out, as explained below:
- the device of the present invention allows independent control of the intake pressure and the exhaust back pressure of the propulsive source (10 ). More specifically, the intake zone and the exhaust zone of the propulsive source (10) do not communicate with each other, so that the independence of the intake pressure with respect to the exhaust back pressure is guaranteed; circumstance that can be seen in figures 1, 2 and 3. Thanks to said independence, the device can carry out dynamic emulations of supercharging systems of propulsive sources.
- the dynamic emulation device also comprises a cooling means (20).
- the cooling medium (20) is placed in series with the electro-compressors (14).
- the cooling medium (20) is configured to cool supply air, preferably after it has been heated in its compression. In this way, thanks to the cooling medium (20), the "supply air temperature” parameter becomes independent from the "supply air pressure” parameter.
- the cooling medium (20) is arranged downstream of the two electro-compressors (14). According to another embodiment, the cooling medium (20) can be arranged between the two electro-compressors (14).
- the cooling medium (20) is a heat exchanger type cooler.
- the cooling medium (20) can use as a cooling source a suitable cooling fluid (such as water from a cooling tower, mains water at room temperature, etc.), a refrigeration machine based on the reverse Rankine cycle, etc.
- a suitable cooling fluid such as water from a cooling tower, mains water at room temperature, etc.
- a refrigeration machine based on the reverse Rankine cycle etc.
- a combination of different types of cooling can also be used as the cooling source; for example, according to one embodiment shown in Figure 1, the cooling source is a combination of cooling tower water cooling and reverse Rankine cycle cooling.
- the cooling medium (20) has a power of 15 kW.
- the dynamic emulation device also comprises a heating means (24).
- the heating means (24) is configured to heat supply air.
- the "supply air temperature” parameter becomes independent from the "supply air pressure” parameter.
- the heating medium 24 is a regenerator.
- the regenerator is configured to recover heat from the exhaust gases of the propulsive source (10), which circulate through the outlet duct (4), and to use said heat in heating the supply air, which circulates through the exhaust duct. input (2).
- the heating means (24) has a power of 40 kW.
- the heating medium (24) is made up of the compressor of the turbo group (12) and the electro-compressor or electro-compressors themselves. (14), so that an additional device for heating the supply air is dispensed with.
- a specific means can be implemented for this purpose, such as the cooling means (20) mentioned above.
- the dynamic emulation device also comprises a thermal regulation means.
- the thermal regulation means is configured to regulate the mixture of at least one cold flow of supply air coming from the means cooler (20) and a hot flow of supply air from the heating medium (24), which allows to regulate the temperature of the supply air independently of the regulation of its pressure. Thanks to the thermal regulation means, supply air temperature gradients can be precisely controlled, overcoming the thermal inertia of the cooling medium (20) and the heating medium (24).
- the dynamic emulation device comprises the inlet duct (2), the outlet duct (4), the turbo group (12), the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), the cooling medium (20 ), the heating means (24), and the thermal regulation means.
- the thermal regulation means is integrated in a circuit of parallel branches.
- the branch circuit is located downstream of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14); that is, downstream of the electro-compressor (14) in the event that there is only one, or of the electro-compressor (14) that is arranged last (according to the embodiments of figures 1, 2 and 3, the second of the electro-compressors (14), which is located further downstream) in the case of having several electro-compressors (14).
- the thermal regulation means comprises one or more mixing valves (26) arranged in one or more of the branches, respectively, which regulate the flow rate of the supply air flow through its corresponding branch.
- the branch circuit has two branches that originate from a fork in the inlet duct (2) and that converge again at a confluence point upstream of the propulsive source (10).
- the heating medium (24) is arranged in one of the branches and the cooling medium (20) is arranged in the other branch, so that they are arranged in parallel.
- the thermal regulation means has two mixing valves (26) arranged in two branches (a mixing valve in one branch and another mixing valve in another branch), which regulate the flow rate of the hot flow of supply air and the flow rate of the cold flow of supply air, respectively, through the corresponding branch. In this way, the mixing at constant pressure of both flows at the confluence point and, consequently, the temperature gradient of the supply air is controlled.
- the branch circuit has three branches.
- the heating medium (24) is arranged in one of the branches
- a cooling medium (20) is arranged in another of the branches
- the remaining branch runs without passing through any heating or cooling medium, so that the flow of supply air flowing through this remaining branch does not change in temperature (referred to as supply air neutral flow).
- the means of thermal regulation It has three mixing valves (26) arranged in two branches (one mixing valve for each of the three branches), which regulate the flow rate of the hot flow of supply air, the flow rate of the cold flow of supply air, and the flow rate of the neutral flow of supply air, respectively, through the corresponding branch. In this way, the constant pressure mixing of the flows and, consequently, the temperature gradient of the supply air is controlled.
- the thermal regulation means and the branch circuit in which it is integrated may have other configurations:
- the means The thermal regulation system comprises a thermostatic mixing valve (26) arranged at a branch confluence point.
- the branch circuit has two branches, one of the branches runs without passing through any heating medium or cooling medium (for example, because the cooling medium is not arranged in the branches), so that the air flow of supply that circulates through this branch does not change in temperature.
- one or more of the branches do not have a mixing valve (26).
- the mixing valves (26) are linear guillotine regulation valves, preferably DN100, and more preferably model GS type from Schuber & Saltzer.
- the mixing valve (26) of the branch corresponding to the hot flow of supply air is a high temperature valve that, for example, allows operating temperatures of up to 550°C.
- the dynamic emulation device comprises one or more condensate separators (22), configured to remove condensed water from the humidity of the supply air. This prevents condensed water from damaging the emulation device or the propulsive source (10). As is known, condensation can appear in different circumstances, such as after cooling, compression, a combination of both, due to heat loss, etc. For this reason, the condensate separator or separators (22) can be arranged in different places of the emulation device according to needs, such as, for example, after an electro-compressor (14), after a cooling medium (20), etc.
- the emulation device comprises a condensate separator (22) in the inlet duct (2), downstream of the cooling medium (20) of the branch circuit; specifically downstream of the branch circuit (in which the thermal regulation means is integrated) and upstream of the propulsive source (10).
- the emulation device comprises another condensate separator (22).
- This other condensate separator (22) is located between the two electro-compressors (14), downstream of the cooling medium (20) which is also located between the two electro-compressors (14). Thanks to said arrangement, this other condensate separator (22) prevents the electro-compressor located in second place from being damaged by condensate.
- the condensate separator or separators (22) are axial cyclonic.
- the condensate separator or separators (22) have a diameter of DN150.
- the emulation device comprises a security means configured to control that the operating conditions of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) are appropriate at all times, in terms of safety, avoiding those conditions that may result dangerous for the electro-compressors (14), the propulsive source (10) or other components of the emulation device.
- the safety means comprises one or more air bleed valves (18) associated with the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), respectively (one bleed valve for each electro-compressor).
- This air purge valve or valves (18) allow the propulsive source (10) to work when the air flows are so low that they are within the pumping zone (detachment) of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors ( 14). Thanks to the air purge valve or valves (18), the "supply air flow rate" parameter becomes independent from the "supply air pressure” parameter.
- the flow of the supply air is determined by the proper operation of the propulsive source (10).
- the supply air flow rate is also indirectly affected by the operation of the bleed valve or valves (18); therefore, due to its very nature, the purge valve or valves (18) could also allow some regulation of the supply air flow rate, as a secondary function.
- the purge valve or valves (18) are arranged in respective purge conduits, which start from the inlet conduit (2) after the corresponding electro-compressor (14), and which flow into the outlet conduit (4).
- the purge valve (18) associated with the first of the electro-compressors (14) (that is, the electro-compressor that is located upstream of the other electro-compressor) compressor), is arranged in a purge duct that starts from the inlet duct (2) between the two electro-compressors (14) and ends in the outlet duct (4);
- the purge valve (18) associated with the second of the electro-compressors (14) is arranged in another purge conduit, which part of the inlet duct (2) after the second of the electro-compressors (14) and which ends in the outlet duct (4).
- the emulation device has a cooling medium (20) between the two electro-compressors (14):
- the purge duct corresponding to the first of the electro-compressors (14), part of the inlet duct (2), between the electro-compressor (14) and said cooling medium (20).
- this purge pipe can start between the condensate separator (22) and the second of the electro-compressors (14).
- the emulation device comprises an air purge valve (18) associated with the compressor of the turbo group (12).
- This purge valve (18) is arranged in a respective purge conduit, which starts from the inlet conduit (2) after the turbogroup compressor (12), and which ends in the outlet conduit (4).
- this purge conduit starts from the inlet conduit (2) between the turbogroup compressor (12) and the first of the electro-compressors (14).
- the emulation device comprises three air purge valves (18); that is, the two bleed valves (18) associated with the electro-compressors (14) (as mentioned above) and the bleed valve (18) associated with the compressor of the turbo group (12).
- the purge ducts preferably lead into the outlet duct (4) downstream of the regenerator.
- the emulation device comprises three bleed ducts corresponding to the three bleed valves 18, respectively; the three purge ducts leading into the outlet duct (4), downstream of the regenerator.
- the purge valve or valves (18) are linear guillotine regulation valves, preferably DN100, and more preferably model GS type from Schuber & Saltzer.
- the electro-compressors (14) are of different sizes and are arranged in parallel with each other; so that, in this case, purge valves (18) are not needed to control that the operating conditions of the electro-compressors (14) are adequate at all times.
- regulation of the supply air flow rate can be done by other means of flow regulation; for example, according to a particular embodiment, the flow of supply air entering the propulsive source (10) is regulated by means of a flow regulating valve placed at the inlet of the propulsive source (10).
- the emulation device comprises a non-return valve (16), arranged in a bypass conduit that bypasses the compressor of the turbo group (12).
- this bypass duct originates upstream of the turbogroup compressor (12) and ends downstream of it before the next electro-compressor (14).
- air inlet through the bypass duct is the transit of air through the bypass duct towards the inlet of the propulsive source (10); and that "air return through the bypass duct” is the transit of air through the bypass duct towards the suction end of the inlet duct (2).
- the non-return valve (16) is configured to prevent return of supply air through the bypass duct.
- the non-return valve (16) is configured to prevent the entry of supply air through the bypass conduit when the outlet pressure of the turbogroup compressor (12) is greater than or equal to its inlet pressure, and to allow, in otherwise, the supply air enters through the bypass duct to equalize both pressures. In this way, when the turbine of the turbogroup (12) is not able to recover enough energy from the exhaust gases, for example, during rapid acceleration processes, the non-return valve (16) helps to bypass the compressor of the turbogroup (12) thus avoiding harming the dynamic response of the emulation device.
- the non-return valve (16) is a DN100 non-return valve.
- the dynamic emulation device comprises an additional cooling means (20), in series with the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14).
- the emulation device comprises two cooling means (20), ie the above-mentioned cooling means and the now-mentioned further cooling means.
- one of the cooling means (20) is arranged between the two electro-compressors (14); and the other cooling medium is arranged downstream of the electro-compressor that is located in second place (by way of explanation, it is considered that the one located in second place is the one that is located downstream of the one located in first place).
- this other cooling medium is arranged in one of the branches of the branch circuit.
- the additional cooling medium (20) is a heat exchanger type cooler.
- the additional cooling medium (20) can use as a cooling source a suitable cooling fluid (such as water from a cooling tower, mains water at room temperature, etc.), a refrigeration machine based on a reverse Rankine cycle, etc.
- a suitable cooling fluid such as water from a cooling tower, mains water at room temperature, etc.
- a refrigeration machine based on a reverse Rankine cycle etc.
- a combination of different types of cooling can also be used as the cooling source, such as cooling with cooling tower water and cooling with a reverse Rankine cycle.
- the additional cooling medium (20) has a power of 15 kW.
- the cooling means 20 use the same cooling source.
- the emulation device further comprises an air filter (28) at the suction end of the inlet duct (2), and a silencer (30) at the discharge end of the outlet duct (4), to clean the supply air of impurities and reduce the noise of both suction and discharge of the propulsive source outlet gases (10).
- the emulation device comprises:
- a programmable controller in communication with the sensor or sensors, which is configured to control the operation of the emulation device based on setpoint values and the readings of the sensor or sensors.
- the precise location of the elements according to the supply air and exhaust gas flow diagrams shown in the figures has been designed to achieve maximum energy efficiency. possible by taking advantage of synergistic effects of different components.
- the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) heat the air a lot
- the turbogroup (12) compresses little and heats little
- the cooling medium or mediums (20) generate condensate
- the regenerator is located after the turbine of the turbogroup (12) so as not to destroy exergy, etc.
- the characteristics of the emulation device of the present invention are:
- Electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) 20 kW of total power, preferably with 11 kW for low pressure and 9 kW for high pressure.
- the device also comprises other components with the following characteristics:
- the purge valve or valves (18) and the mixing valve or valves (26) are linear guillotine regulation valves, preferably DN100, and the mixing valve (26) located at the outlet of the heating medium (24) is a high temperature valve (eg up to 550°C).
- the non-return valve (16) is DN100.
- the condensate separator or separators (22) are axial cyclonic, specifically designed with NACA profiles to achieve adequate vorticity while minimizing the load losses; and they are of diameter DN150.
- the present invention discloses a method for dynamic emulation of supercharging systems of propulsive sources (10), using the emulation device according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the supply air pressure can be regulated by controlling the rotation speed of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14). Bearing in mind that the supply air also heats up when it is compressed, the control of the speed of rotation of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) also allows the temperature of the supply air to be regulated.
- the back pressure of the exhaust gases from the propulsive source (10) can be regulated by controlling the turbine of the turbogroup (12).
- the emulation method comprises sucking air from the environment to use it as supply air of the propulsive source (10); feeding the propulsive source (10) with the supply air; expelling exhaust gases from the propulsive source (10) into the environment; with the particularity that one or more of the following actions can be carried out:
- a safety means which preferably comprises the purge valve or valves (18).
- the air enters the inlet duct (2) from ambient conditions and passes to the turbogroup compressor (12).
- the supply air increases its pressure and temperature.
- the device has the non-return valve (16) as shown in the figures: In the event of abnormal operation, in which the pressure at the outlet of the turbo group (12) is less than the pressure at the inlet , the non-return valve (16) would open allowing supply air to enter through the bypass pipe and equalizing these pressures.
- the supply air After passing through the turbogroup compressor (12), the supply air passes through the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), increasing its pressure and temperature again in each electro-compressor (14).
- the passage of the supply air through the turbogroup compressor (12) and through the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) is controlled to achieve the desired conditions of the supply air at the inlet of the propulsive source (10).
- the purge valve or valves (18) regulate the operating conditions of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), avoiding dangerous operating conditions for them or for any component of the installation (understanding by installation as the conjunction of the emulation device and the propulsive source).
- the emulation device has a bleed valve (18) associated with the turbogroup compressor (12)
- this bleed valve (18) regulates the operating conditions of the compressor avoiding dangerous operating conditions.
- the purge valve or valves (18) can be opened, for example, in an emergency.
- cooling medium (20) in one of the branches of the branch circuit, heating medium (24) in another of the branches and mixing valves (26) in the branches such as the embodiments shown in the figures:
- the supply air After being compressed in the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), the supply air enters the branch circuit.
- the mixing valves (26) the supply air is divided into different flows that flow through two branches to be heated by the heating medium (24) or to be cooled by the cooling medium (20).
- the branch circuit has three branches with one of them intended for the passage of air flow without temperature change:
- the supply air is divided into different flows that flow through the three branches for heating by the heating medium (24), cooling by the cooling medium (20) or for transport without being cooled or heated.
- the different supply air flows at different temperatures are mixed to achieve the desired temperature. In this way, depending on the opening of the mixing valves (26), the temperature of the supply air can be varied.
- a condensate separator (22) after the branch circuit such as the embodiments shown in the figures: After the temperature is regulated, the supply air passes to the corresponding condensate separator (22), where the water is removed from the moisture that may have condensed after cooling the mixture.
- the supply air is introduced into the propulsive source (10).
- the supply air is used in the generation of propulsion power and exhaust gases, which are at high pressure and high temperature, are generated.
- the heating medium (24) is a regenerator like the one shown in the figures
- the exhaust gases pass through the regenerator and lower their temperature by heating the supply air that circulates through the heating medium branch (24). After the regenerator, the exhaust gases from the propulsive source (10) are discharged into the atmosphere.
- the method of the present invention comprises emulating one or more of the following ranges of temporal gradients:
- Temporary supply air temperature gradient range from 0.5°C/s to 5°C/s.
- an absolute supply air temperature range and accuracy of 30-80°C ⁇ 0.5°C is emulated.
- the emulation device is controlled by a programmable controller in communication with one or more sensors.
- the programmable controller collects the measurements from the sensor or sensors that, preferably, measure the pressure and temperature at the inlet of the propulsive source (10) and at its exhaust.
- the programmable controller comprises several control mechanisms, preferably PID controllers, which can act on the actuators of the installation:
- a control mechanism for the temperature regulation means which regulates the temperature of the supply air in admission, preferably from the positioning of the mixing valve or valves (26).
- the programmable controller also comprises a safety means control mechanism, preferably a PID controller, which regulates the operating conditions of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) so that these conditions are adequate at all times. , in terms of security.
- this control mechanism regulates the operating conditions of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) based on the positioning of the corresponding purge valve or valves (18).
- the emulation device disclosed in this document can simulate booster systems of propulsive sources, both in static conditions and in dynamic operating conditions.
- the device of the present invention makes it possible to independently control the intake pressure and the exhaust counterpressure of the propulsive source (10), so that it can carry out dynamic emulations.
- the possibility of simulating the dynamic evolutions of supercharging systems makes the device disclosed herein unique and different from any other prior art supercharging system simulation device.
- the device of the present invention is based on the combination of various compression means, specifically in a turbogroup (12) and one or several electro-compressors (14), to be able to simulate accelerations and decelerations of turbogroups that are used in sources current powertrains such as reciprocating internal combustion engines or fuel cells.
- the operation of the emulation device is based on recovering energy from the exhaust gases of the propulsive source (10) at high pressure, to supercharge the propulsive source (10) itself.
- the fact that the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14) are electrically activated allows very fast responses (very dynamic).
- the turbocharger compressor (12) helps to consume less electrical energy in situations where it is capable of providing positive compression ratios.
- the operation of the emulation device can also be supported by a cooling means (20), a heating means (24), and a thermal regulation means that allows the temperature of the supply air to be regulated independently of the regulation of its pressure.
- the device of the present invention constitutes a tool for the design of propulsive sources and supercharging systems. Thanks to the device of the present invention, it is possible to carry out emulations using as a base a "simplification" of the real propulsive source, as a model of it, with a single working unit (for example, a single-cylinder engine or a fuel cell). single cell).
- a single working unit for example, a single-cylinder engine or a fuel cell.
- the work unit is a cylinder;
- the unit of work is a cell.
- a propulsive source with several work units for example, a polycylindrical engine
- a simple propulsive source is called a propulsive source with a single work unit (for example, a single-cylinder engine).
- the emulation device is coupled to the cylinder of a single-cylinder engine (development base engine) with specific characteristics (cylinder volume, stroke ratio, diameter, etc.).
- the engine is subjected to different supercharging scenarios, by means of the emulation device.
- the response of the engine is analyzed and the possible changes in the cylinder are evaluated to improve engine response.
- the final engine is designed/manufactured, with the necessary cylinders, based on the optimum cylinder.
- the emulation device can also be used as a design tool to specify the characteristics of the supercharging system that will best perform with the propulsive source (10).
- the propulsive source (10) is subjected to tests, with different supercharging scenarios.
- different components of the emulation device are acted upon by varying their operating parameters: for example, control of the rotation regimes of the electro-compressor or electro-compressors (14), control of the supply air temperature by means of the regulation means of temperature, geometry control of the turbine of the turbogroup (12), etc.
- the response of the propulsive source (10) is analyzed and the possible changes in the parameters of the components of the emulation device are evaluated, in order to improve the response of the propulsive source (10).
- the supercharging system (turbomachines) is designed/manufactured, based on the technical solution that best reproduces the measured pressure and temperature relationships, the measured flows (appropriately dimensionless), and that generates and supports the measured gradients.
- the scale of the turbomachines used must necessarily be Variable in size and power. This scale must be adapted, on the one hand, to the variety of propulsive sources, for example, to the variety of displacements of the engines used in the automotive industry (passenger cars, light transport, heavy transport, rail, etc.).
- the emulation device must be capable of emulating multiple situations with different operating conditions, both static and dynamic, with the same architecture. Therefore, with the same architecture, it must be possible to vary the scale of the components of the emulator device, such as the turbogroup, the electro-compressor or electro-compressors, the cooling medium, the heating medium, the thermal regulation medium, etc.
- a proposal for the emulation device coupled to a propulsive source (10) with a single working unit, in this case a single-cylinder engine (proposal that corresponds to a virtual model of the emulation device) is introduced into the software. ), according to a distribution and specific characteristics of the components; characteristics that are obtained, for example, from supplier data and/or empirical data.
- the simulated response departs from the real response (reference values)
- some of the characteristics of the emulation device are modified, the same validation process is carried out again (that is, entering the proposal in the software, simulating different scenarios and compare with reality), and so on until the result is optimal, that is, when the result is sufficiently close to reality.
- the emulation device is manufactured according to said validated proposal.
- the design of the emulation device of the present invention for its application to other types of propulsive sources, such as, for example, fuel cells, is carried out in a manner analogous to that explained in the previous paragraph.
- the steps are simply carried out on the corresponding propulsive source, for example, a fuel cell, instead of the combustion engine.
- the device and method of the present invention allow emulating dynamic conditions (that is, in a transient state) and static operating conditions of supercharged propulsive sources; conditions that are imposed by a user, based, for example, on optimization and design criteria.
- the user can perform static and dynamic emulations of a supercharged propulsive source, in order to be able to design and develop said propulsive source and/or the supercharging system.
- This is very useful, for example, in the case of designing and/or improving supercharged racing engines.
- the engine is mounted on the racing vehicle and long test sessions are carried out on the track.
- the pilot subjects the engine to multiple boosting scenarios (different accelerations, decelerations, speeds, etc.) in order to obtain, through sensors, the greatest amount of data on the response of the engine and the control system. overfeeding
- boosting scenarios different accelerations, decelerations, speeds, etc.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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US18/547,059 US20240044744A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2022-03-04 | Device and method for emulating forced induction systems |
JP2023552185A JP2024516485A (ja) | 2021-03-11 | 2022-03-04 | 強制吸入システムをエミュレートするための装置および方法 |
EP22766425.7A EP4306925A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 | 2022-03-04 | Device and method for emulating forced induction systems |
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ESP202130214 | 2021-03-11 | ||
ES202130214A ES2875173B2 (es) | 2021-03-11 | 2021-03-11 | Dispositivo y procedimiento de emulacion de sistemas de sobrealimentacion |
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EP (1) | EP4306925A1 (es) |
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2021
- 2021-03-11 ES ES202130214A patent/ES2875173B2/es active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-04 EP EP22766425.7A patent/EP4306925A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-04 JP JP2023552185A patent/JP2024516485A/ja active Pending
- 2022-03-04 WO PCT/ES2022/070124 patent/WO2022189684A1/es active Application Filing
- 2022-03-04 US US18/547,059 patent/US20240044744A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
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ES2875173B2 (es) | 2023-06-15 |
JP2024516485A (ja) | 2024-04-16 |
ES2875173A1 (es) | 2021-11-08 |
US20240044744A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
EP4306925A1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
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