WO2022186349A1 - リンパ管新生促進因子発現線維芽細胞及びそれを含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
リンパ管新生促進因子発現線維芽細胞及びそれを含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/33—Fibroblasts
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to lymphangiogenesis-promoting factor-expressing fibroblasts, particularly lymphatic vessels expressing specific genes and proteins (adrenomedullin (hereinafter also referred to as ADM) and/or hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein (hereinafter also referred to as HHEX)).
- ADM adrenomedullin
- HHEX hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein
- the present invention relates to neogenesis-promoting factor-expressing fibroblasts and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.
- Lymphatic vessels are a network of ducts that run parallel to the vascular system and are distributed throughout the body. It plays an important role in the treatment and improvement of fibrosis (Non-Patent Document 1), maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis (Non-Patent Document 2), transportation of lipids and vitamins (Non-Patent Document 3), and regulation of immune surveillance. (Non-Patent Document 4). Also in the heart, lymphatic vessels maintain fluid balance in order to maintain normal cardiac output. In recent years, it has been reported that the effect of promoting formation of lymphatic vessels (hereinafter referred to as lymphangiogenesis) is useful as a therapeutic target for recovery of cardiac output after myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. It is also attracting attention as a therapeutic target for alleviating
- ADM is a cardioprotective peptide that plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It has been reported that ADM stabilizes the barrier of lymphatic endothelial cells and promotes lymphangiogenesis (Non-Patent Document 5). Clinically, it has been reported that intravenous administration of ADM to patients with acute myocardial infarction results in significant cardiovascular improvement (Non-Patent Document 6).
- HHEX is known as a direct transcriptional regulator of VEGFA, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and has also been reported to regulate lymphangiogenesis via VEGFC/FLT4/PROX1 signaling (Non-Patent Document 7).
- interstitial pneumonia is caused by viral infections such as the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), risk factors such as aging and smoking, and diseases such as connective tissue disease and sarcoidosis.
- COVID-19 new coronavirus infection
- risk factors such as aging and smoking
- diseases such as connective tissue disease and sarcoidosis.
- cytokine storm which refers to a pathological condition in which the gas exchange function of the lung is impaired due to the progression of fibrosis in the alveoli
- Non-Patent Document 8 Non-Patent Document 8
- IIPs idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
- this disease is designated as an "intractable disease (specific disease)" in Japan.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis which affects 80-90% of patients with IIPs, is particularly resistant to current treatments, with a median survival of 3-5 years after diagnosis and a median survival after acute exacerbation. is known as a disease with a poorer prognosis than most cancers, within 2 months.
- therapeutic methods for interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis, including IPF have been developed, and several drugs have been clinically applied.
- Pirfenidone has been shown to slow the decline in forced ventilation (FVC) and 6-minute walking distance and may improve mortality in certain patients. Nintedanib was also shown to tend to slow the decline of FVC and reduce mortality.
- Non-Patent Document 9 It has been suggested that structural and functional changes in lymphatic vessels are involved in the induction of fibrosis by such an excessive inflammatory reaction (Non-Patent Document 10).
- lymphatic vessels are composed of a single lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) wall with a discontinuous basement membrane, which transports antigens and antigen-presenting cells from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes and carries interstitial fluid. It works as a clearance. Lymphatic vessel damage occurs in fibrosis. For example, in a radiation-induced IPF animal model, it has been reported that a significant decrease in lymphatic vessel density correlates with the induction of fibrosis (Non-Patent Document 11).
- Non-Patent Document 12 platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)- ⁇ -positive parietal cells induce pulmonary lymphangiopathy by inhibiting efflux of hyaluronan, a key molecule in lung injury and repair. It has been reported that it does (Non-Patent Document 12).
- human IPF has an increased lymphatic vessel density in the lung tissue, but the formed lymphatic vessels have structural and functional defects, and localization of PDGFR-positive parietal cells and intermittent formation of disrupted lymphatic vessels is observed (Non-Patent Document 13).
- TGF Transforming growth factor
- Non-Patent Document 15 cardiac-derived vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1, CD106), which can efficiently induce cardiac lymphangiogenesis and greatly improve cardiac contractility in heart failure.
- Non-Patent Document 15 positive fibroblasts
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for producing adult heart-derived VCAM-1-positive fibroblasts
- An object of the present invention is to provide fibroblasts with lymphangiogenic potential and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.
- the present inventors conducted studies to solve the above problems, and found that fibroblasts contacted with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 significantly improved the gene expression level of ADM and / or HHEX. perfected the invention.
- the present invention includes the following first aspect (Invention A).
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- A2) The pharmaceutical composition according to (A1), wherein the fibroblasts are adult-derived fibroblasts.
- A3) The pharmaceutical composition according to (A1) or (A2), wherein the gene expression level of ADM and/or HHEX in the cells is 1.20 times or more higher than that of control fibroblasts. thing.
- A4 The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A3) for treating fibrosis.
- A5) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A4) for ameliorating a state of reduced lymphangiogenic potential.
- (A7) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A6) for alleviating edema.
- A8) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A7), for improving impaired lipid and/or vitamin transport ability.
- (A9) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A8) for activating immune surveillance.
- A11 The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A9), wherein the cells are constructed as planar or three-dimensional cell tissue.
- (A12) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (A1) to (A11), wherein the fibroblasts are heart-derived fibroblasts.
- the present invention also includes the following second aspect (invention B).
- (B1) A method of treating fibrosis in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- (B2) A method for improving a state of reduced lymphangiogenic potential in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting a pharmaceutical composition containing ADM and/or HHEX-highly expressing fibroblasts to the subject.
- a method including (B3) A method of ameliorating impaired tissue fluid homeostasis in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression. .
- (B4) A method of reducing edema in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- (B5) A method for improving lipid and/or vitamin transport impairment in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting a pharmaceutical composition containing ADM and/or HHEX-highly expressing fibroblasts to the subject.
- a method, including (B6) A method of activating immune surveillance in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- (B7) A method of treating organ failure in a subject, comprising administering or transplanting to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- the present invention also includes the following third aspect (Invention C).
- C1 A pharmaceutical composition containing fibroblasts highly expressing ADM and/or HHEX as an injection for administration to incompetent organ tissue and/or its surrounding area, or fibrotic tissue and/or its surrounding area use.
- C2 As a transplant material for transplanting a pharmaceutical composition containing ADM and/or HHEX-highly expressing fibroblasts into incompetent organ tissue and/or its surrounding area, or fibrotic tissue and/or its surrounding area use.
- the present invention includes the following fourth aspect (Invention D).
- D1 A method for producing fibroblasts highly expressing ADM, comprising: contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, and culturing the contacted fibroblasts under conditions that allow high expression of ADM;
- a method for producing fibroblasts with high ADM expression comprising: (D2) The method according to (D1), wherein the fibroblasts highly express VEGF-C.
- D3 The method according to (D1) or (D2), wherein the fibroblasts are CD106-positive.
- D4) The method according to (D3), which comprises selecting or enriching fibroblasts with high ADM expression using an anti-CD106 antibody.
- (D5) The method according to any one of (D1) to (D4), wherein the fibroblasts are lung-derived fibroblasts.
- (D6) Fibroblasts highly expressing ADM obtained by the production method according to any one of (D1) to (D5).
- (D7) A fibroblast population comprising the cells described in (D6).
- the present invention includes the following fifth aspect (Invention E).
- (E1) Fibroblasts with high ADM expression.
- (E2) The fibroblast according to (E1), which highly expresses VEGF-C.
- (E3) The fibroblast according to (E1) or (E2), which is CD106-positive.
- (E4) Any of (E1) to (E3), wherein the gene expression levels of VEGF-C and/or ADM in the cells are 1.20 times or more higher than those in control fibroblasts.
- a cell according to (E5) The cell according to any one of (E1) to (E4), wherein the fibroblasts are lung-derived fibroblasts.
- (E6) A fibroblast population comprising the cell according to any one of (E1) to (E5).
- E7 A cell population comprising lung-derived fibroblasts that are CD106-positive, A cell population, wherein the ratio of CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts (based on cell count) is more than 18.01% of all fibroblasts contained in the cell population.
- the present invention includes the following sixth aspect (Invention F).
- (F1) A pharmaceutical composition comprising the cell according to any one of (D6) and (E1) to (E5) or the cell population according to any one of (D7) and (E6) to (E7).
- (F2) The pharmaceutical composition of (F1) for treating pulmonary diseases.
- (F3) The pharmaceutical composition of (F2), wherein the pulmonary disease is pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to (F1) for ameliorating a state of reduced lymphangiogenic potential.
- (F5) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (F1) to (F4), which is an injectable composition.
- (F6) The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of (F1) to (F4), wherein the cell or cell population is constructed as a planar or three-dimensional cell tissue.
- the present invention includes the following seventh aspect (invention G).
- (G1) A method of treating lung disease in a subject, comprising: the cell of any of (D6) and (E1)-(E5); any of (D7) and (E6)-(E7) A method comprising administering or transplanting the cell population described or the pharmaceutical composition described in (F1) to the subject.
- (G2) The method of (G1), wherein the pulmonary disease is pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonia.
- (G3) A method for ameliorating a state of reduced lymphangiogenic potential in a subject, comprising: the cell according to any one of (D6) and (E1) to (E5), (D7) and (E6) A method comprising administering or transplanting the cell population according to any one of (E7) to (E7) or the pharmaceutical composition according to (F1) to the subject.
- the present invention includes the following eighth aspect (invention H).
- H1 The cell according to any one of (D6) and (E1) to (E5), the cell population according to any one of (D7) and (E6) to (E7), or the pharmaceutical composition according to (F1) as an injectable agent for administration to pulmonary tissue and/or surrounding areas.
- H2 The cell according to any one of (D6) and (E1) to (E5), the cell population according to any one of (D7) and (E6) to (E7), or the pharmaceutical composition according to (F1) as a graft material for implantation into pulmonary tissue and/or the surrounding area.
- a pharmaceutical composition containing fibroblasts having lymphangiogenic potential that is, a pharmaceutical composition containing ADM and/or HHEX highly expressing cells, and to treat fibrosis using the pharmaceutical composition.
- means for treating lymphangiogenesis-impaired conditions means for regulating tissue fluid homeostasis, transport of lipids and/or vitamins, immunosurveillance, and treating organ failure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the characteristics of adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts in each culture condition.
- A is a photomicrograph of cultured cardiac fibroblasts (scale bar: 500 ⁇ m).
- No treatment (NT) represents untreated cardiac fibroblasts without cytokine addition
- +CKs represents cardiac fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 addition.
- B is an analysis diagram of flow cytometry. In the scatter diagram, the horizontal axis indicates the CD90 expression level, and the vertical axis indicates the CD106 expression level. Histograms show CD90 and CD106 expression levels, respectively.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing expression levels of lymphangiogenesis genes in adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts under various culture conditions.
- A is the analysis result of real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) showing the mRNA expression level of ADM.
- the ADM gene expression level of fibroblasts in all groups was normalized by the ⁇ -actin gene expression level, and the difference in gene expression level under each condition was expressed as fold increase.
- NT represents untreated cardiac fibroblasts
- +CKs represents cardiac fibroblasts supplemented with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4.
- B is the result of RT-qPCR analysis showing the expression level of HHEX mRNA. As with ADM, HHEX gene expression levels in all groups were normalized with ⁇ -Actin and expressed as fold increase (**P ⁇ 0.01 vs. NT).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the lymphangiogenic effect of human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts.
- A is a photograph showing the angiogenesis effect of various human cardiac fibroblasts on cardiac lymphatic vessels by fluorescence microscopy.
- Capillary-like structures indicate vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin-positive cells and refer to vessels formed by lymphatic endothelial cells collected from heart-derived cells. Other cell regions show various cardiac fibroblasts with Vimentin.
- Nuclei were shown with Hoechst 33258 (10 ⁇ magnification).
- NT represents untreated cardiac fibroblasts
- +CKs represents cardiac fibroblasts supplemented with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4.
- B represents the quantitative evaluation of the fluorescence microscopy image.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing flow cytometry analysis diagrams of various fibroblasts.
- the upper row shows human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (A-HCF), adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (uA-HCF) cultured for 72 hours after adding TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 to adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts, and TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 were added to adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts, cultured for 72 hours, and then CD90-positive adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (uA90-HCF) obtained by cell sorting using CD90 as an index.
- A-HCF human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts
- uA-HCF adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts
- uA90-HCF CD90-positive adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fibrosis therapeutic effect of human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts.
- A is a micrograph showing Sirius red (SR) stained images of chronic heart failure rat heart tissue to which various adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (+A-HCFs, +uA-HCFs, +uA90-HCFs) were administered.
- SR Sirius red
- C is a photomicrograph showing a Sirius red-stained image of heart tissue from chronic heart failure rats to which fetal-derived cardiac fibroblasts (+F-VCF) were administered.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fibrosis therapeutic effect of human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts.
- A is a micrograph showing hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining images of chronic heart failure rat heart tissue to which various adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (+A-HCFs, +uA-HCFs, +uA90-HCFs) were administered.
- B is a magnified photomicrograph of parts a to l described in A.
- FIG. C is a table showing pathological qualitative scoring. The degree of pathological change was qualitatively evaluated as no change (score 0), mild (score 1), moderate (score 2), severe (score 3).
- Fig. 2 shows the lymphangiogenesis effect in the myocardium by human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts.
- Fig. 3 is a micrograph showing Lyve-1 stained images of heart tissue of chronic heart failure rats to which adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (+A-HCFs, +uA-HCFs, +uA90-HCFs) were administered (in situ hybridization). Each panel in the right column is an enlarged view of the square frame in each panel in the left column.
- FIG. 3 shows the localization of lymphatic endothelial cells in rat heart.
- FIG. 10 is a micrograph showing an immunohistochemical staining image of chronic heart failure model rat heart tissue to which adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (+A-HCFs, +uA-HCFs, +uA90-HCFs) were administered. +uA90-HCFs show low and high magnification pictures.
- Myocardial structures were indicated by cTnT, central luminal structures by Prox-1 or VEGFR3, and nuclei by DAPI.
- FIG. 2 shows the morphology and lymphangiogenic potential of human adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts.
- A is a photomicrograph showing a bright-field image of human lung fibroblasts (5 ⁇ magnification).
- FIG. 2 shows the morphology of lymphatic endothelial cells recovered from human lung-derived cells and the lymphangiogenic effect of human adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts.
- A is a photomicrograph showing a bright-field image of human microvascular endothelial cells (5 ⁇ magnification).
- B shows the rate of Vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin and Podoplanin (PDPN) positive cells of human microvascular endothelial cells by FCM analysis (in each graph, the peak on the left indicates the isotype control staining sample, and the peak on the right indicates various shows an antibody-stained sample).
- C is a photograph showing the angiogenic effect of various human pulmonary fibroblasts on pulmonary lymph vessels by fluorescence microscopy. Capillary-like structures indicate VE-Cadherin-positive cells and refer to vessels formed by lymphatic endothelial cells harvested from lung-derived cells. Other cell regions show various pulmonary fibroblasts with Vimentin. Nuclei were shown with Hoechst 33258 (10 ⁇ magnification).
- FIG. 2 shows the morphology and lymphangiogenic potential of mouse adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts.
- A is a photomicrograph showing a bright-field observation image of mouse lung fibroblasts (5 ⁇ magnification).
- B shows the VCAM-1-positive cell rate of mouse lung fibroblasts by FCM analysis (in each graph, the left peak indicates the isotype control-stained sample, and the right peak indicates the various antibody-stained samples).
- FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph showing a bright-field observation image of mouse lung fibroblasts (5 ⁇ magnification).
- B shows the VCAM-1-positive cell rate of mouse lung fibroblasts by FCM analysis (in each graph, the left peak indicates the isotype control-stained sample, and the right peak
- FIG. 2 shows the therapeutic effects of adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts (VPF) with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression on interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis.
- A shows the animal study design. Seven days after administration of the bleomycin solution, the cells were administered to pathological model mice, and four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed and lungs were collected.
- B shows survival analysis diagrams by the Kaplan-meier method for each group. Dots refer to cutoff points.
- C is a photomicrograph showing Sirius red-stained images of each group.
- FIG. 2 shows the therapeutic effects of various fibroblasts two weeks after administration. A shows a survival analysis diagram.
- P-values were calculated by the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.
- B is a photomicrograph showing fibrotic regions and alveolar structures in the lungs of each group. Lung tissue sampled 14 days after cell administration was stained with Masson's Trichrome. BLM indicates the lung tissue on day 0 of cell administration, and Ctrl indicates the lung tissue of the saline-administered group (scale bar: 500 ⁇ m).
- FIG. 2 shows cell characteristics of primary recovered rPF and rVPF.
- A is a photomicrograph showing the state of rPF at each passage number. PN refers to Passage number.
- B is a photograph showing bright-field observation images of rPF and rVPF.
- C shows a flow cytometry analysis diagram.
- FIG. 2 shows the therapeutic effects of various fibroblasts two weeks after administration.
- hPF fibroblast marker
- CD106 VCAM-1 positive cell rates of various human lung fibroblasts by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis
- N 5, ****P ⁇ 0.0001, ns indicates no significant difference, calculated by 2-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test.
- hPF refers to human lung fibroblasts
- hPF+CKs refers to human lung fibroblasts cultured with TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) for 72 hours.
- hVPF refers to hPF+CKs obtained by cell sorting using CD106 as an index.
- One embodiment of the first invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- fibroblasts there is no limit to the origin of fibroblasts, and pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and Muse cells, and adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated. may be used. Also, primary cells collected from animals (including humans) may be used, or established cells may be used. Examples of fibroblast-derived organs include heart-derived, kidney-derived, skin-derived, and lung-derived. Fibroblasts are not particularly limited, but are preferably of adult origin. Fibroblasts derived from fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression may originally express a certain amount of ADM and/or HHEX, or may not express ADM and/or HHEX at all. In addition, fibroblasts in the present embodiment may be cells that express cell surface markers that are expressed by normal fibroblasts, and further by the method for producing cells of the present invention described below. , cells that additionally express other markers, or cells that do not express some
- ADM mRNA expression level in fibroblasts in the product is 1.20 times or more, 1.40 times or more, 1.50 times or more, 1.60 times or more, 1.70 times or more, 1.80 times or more, 8. 1.90 times or more, 2.00 times or more, 2.30 times or more, 3.00 times or more, 4.00 times or more, 5.00 times or more, 6.00 times or more, 7.00 times or more;
- the increase is preferably 00 times or more, 9.00 times or more, 10.0 times or more, or more.
- the mRNA expression level of fibroblasts used as a control may be the mRNA expression level in untreated fibroblasts, or may be the average mRNA expression level of the entire cells after treatment.
- the percentage of ADM-positive (hereinafter also referred to as ADM+) fibroblasts may be 0.1% or more based on the number of cells, and 1% or more. well, may be 2% or more, may be 4% or more, may be 5% or more, may be 10% or more, may be 20% or more, may be 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, may be 98% or more, or may be 99% or more.
- High expression of HHEX is not particularly limited.
- HHEX mRNA expression level in fibroblasts in the product is 1.20 times or more, 1.40 times or more, 1.50 times or more, 1.60 times or more, 1.70 times or more, 1.80 times or more, 8. 1.90 times or more, 2.00 times or more, 2.58 times or more, 3.00 times or more, 4.00 times or more, 5.00 times or more, 6.00 times or more, 7.00 times or more;
- the increase is preferably 00 times or more, 9.00 times or more, 10.0 times or more, or more.
- the mRNA expression level in fibroblasts used as a control may be the mRNA expression level in untreated fibroblasts, or may be the average mRNA expression level of all cells after treatment.
- the percentage of HHEX-positive (hereinafter also referred to as HHEX+) fibroblasts may be 0.03% or more based on the cell number, and 0.1% or more. may be, may be 1% or more, may be 2% or more, may be 4% or more, may be 5% or more, may be 10% or more, may be 20% or more well, may be 30% or more, may be 40% or more, may be 50% or more, may be 60% or more, may be 70% or more, may be 80% or more, It may be 90% or more, it may be 95% or more, it may be 98% or more, or it may be 99% or more.
- the lymphangiogenesis-promoting factor is preferably ADM or HHEX gene or protein.
- ADM is a gene having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, or 90% or more, 95% or more, or 98% of that nucleotide sequence.
- a gene having a nucleotide sequence identical to SEQ ID NO: 1, which hybridizes under stringent conditions with a sequence complementary to all or part of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and has lymphangiogenic potential HHEX is a gene having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, or a gene having a nucleotide sequence that is 90% or more, 95% or more, or 98% or more identical to that nucleotide sequence It may be a gene that encodes a protein that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a sequence complementary to all or part of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and that has lymphangiogenesis ability.
- the fibroblasts in the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment may express CD106 as a cell surface marker.
- the fibroblasts in the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment may be a fibroblast population including the above-described ADM and/or HHEX-highly expressed fibroblasts.
- the ratio of CD106-positive cells in a fibroblast population containing fibroblasts produced by the method for producing fibroblasts highly expressing ADM and/or HHEX described below may be high, but vice versa. does not necessarily hold true.
- fibroblasts In preparation of fibroblasts, the origin of fibroblasts is not particularly limited, as already described. On the other hand, they may be autologous cells, for example, cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the heart tissue of a patient suffering from heart disease, or kidney fibroblasts isolated by differentiating the patient's adult (somatic) stem cells. Prepare the blast cells. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells derived from autologous cells may also be used. In addition, cells other than autologous cells may be used, for example, cardiac fibroblasts isolated from cardiac tissue derived from a donor who provides cardiac cells, cardiac tissue prepared using an animal or the like, and donor adult (body) cells. Sex) Prepare cardiac fibroblasts isolated by differentiating stem cells. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating donor-derived pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells and ES cells may also be used.
- autologous cells for example, cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the heart tissue of a patient suffering
- Prepared fibroblasts can be separated, typically by treatment with enzymes such as dispase, collagenase. Separation can be carried out by enzymes such as dispase, collagenase, or other treatments, such as mechanical treatments, if the required separation is possible.
- the method includes contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, and culturing the contacted fibroblasts under conditions that allow high ADM and/or HHEX expression.
- the method of contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 is not particularly limited as long as the induction of ADM and/or HHEX-highly expressing fibroblasts is not significantly impaired, and typically includes fibroblasts.
- a non-limiting example is the addition of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 to the medium. Only one type of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 may be added, or a plurality of types may be added. In the case of multiple types, each may be contacted with fibroblasts separately or simultaneously.
- TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 may be dissolved in water, media, serum, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) prior to addition to media.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- fibroblasts can be cultured in a medium supplemented with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, fibroblasts can be cultured while maintaining the expression level of ADM and/or HHEX in fibroblasts. Therefore, fibroblasts with high ADM and/or HHEX expression levels can be produced.
- the amount of TNF- ⁇ added is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 ng/mL or more, and may be 0.5 ng/mL or more, It may be 1 ng/mL or greater, may be 10 ng/mL or greater, or may be 50 ng/mL or greater.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 500 ng/mL or less, and may be 100 ng/mL or less.
- the amount of IL-4 added is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 ng/mL or more, may be 0.5 ng/mL or more, may be 1 ng/mL or more, or may be 2 ng/mL or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 10 ng/mL or less, may be 5 ng/mL or less, or may be 1 ng/mL or less.
- the ratio (weight ratio) of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 to be added is TNF- ⁇ :IL-4, usually 10000:1 to 1:1, and may be 50000:1 to 10:1. Further, it is 1:1 to 1:10000, and may be 1:10 to 1:50000.
- fibroblasts contacted with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 can produce ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts. Cultivation of fibroblasts is not particularly limited as long as the fibroblasts can become ADM and/or HHEX positive, and may be performed by known cell culture methods.
- the medium used for culture can be appropriately set depending on the type of cells to be cultured, and for example, DMEM, ⁇ -MEM, RPMI-1640, HFDM-1(+) and the like can be used. Nutrients such as FCS and FBS, growth factors, cytokines, antibiotics and the like may be added to the medium. Furthermore, it may be cultured in a medium containing TNF- ⁇ and IL-4. As for the culture period, the culture time and culture days can be appropriately set according to the purpose such as until the cultured cells reach a desired number of cells and/or until the cultured cells have desired functions.
- the culture temperature can be appropriately set according to the type of cells to be cultured. °C or less, 50 °C or less, 45 °C or less, 40 °C or less. Culturing may be performed multiple times. For example, the purity of the desired fibroblasts can be improved by selection or enrichment, and culture can be performed each time.
- the production of fibroblasts may further include using an anti-CD106 antibody to select or enrich fibroblasts that highly express ADM and/or HHEX.
- the method of selection or enrichment is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art. (Miltenyi Biotec) for secondary immunostaining, and the stained cells are collected by autoMACS (Miltenyi Biotec). Moreover, selection or concentration may be performed at any timing.
- a known anti-CD106 antibody can be used, and a commercially available product can be obtained and used. Selection or enrichment with an anti-CD106 antibody can increase the percentage of CD106 positive fibroblasts in the fibroblast population, and can also increase the percentage of ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts. .
- the cultured fibroblasts may be collected by detaching the cells with a protease such as trypsin, or by using a temperature-responsive culture dish to detach the cells by changing the temperature.
- the cells may be detached and collected using an instrument such as a cell scraper.
- Lymphangiogenesis can be promoted in vivo by administering or transplanting the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment in vivo. Therefore, although not particularly limited, for example, it is possible to improve a state in which lymphangiogenesis is reduced due to organ tissue damage, defect, or malfunction, or to improve tissue fluid homeostasis or lipid and / or vitamin levels. It can ameliorate impaired transportation and activate the immune surveillance mechanism. It may also be administered to a patient with organ failure, thereby treating the organ failure. Organ failure refers to the condition in which an organ fails to perform its expected function and/or the degree of organ dysfunction to the extent that normal homeostasis cannot be maintained without clinical intervention.
- Specific organs include, but are not limited to, heart, kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, vocal cord, thymus, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, skin, muscle, eyeball, tongue, esophagus, stomach.
- organ failure in the heart or kidney may be a state in which the function of the organ is reduced compared to normal, particularly a state in which the function of the organ is reduced to 30% or less compared to normal. It may be about Fibrosis can be treated or ameliorated by in vivo administration or transplantation of the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment.
- the onset site of fibrosis is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
- the method of administering or implanting the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment into a living body is not particularly limited, it can be administered, for example, by injection.
- a failing organ or its peri-infarct region e.g., subcapsular region
- a damaged region, fibrotic region, or its surrounding region in an organ that develops fibrosis states improvement and treatment of organ failure.
- the pharmaceutical composition may also be administered intravenously, arterially, in a lymph node, in a lymphatic vessel, in the bone marrow, subcutaneously, in the corpus cavernosum, intraperitoneally, in muscle, intrathecally, or in a joint cavity.
- Administration to veins, arteries, and lymph vessels may be by intravascular injection, injection through a catheter, or other known techniques.
- the injection method is not particularly limited, and known injection techniques such as needle injection and needle-free injection can be applied, and known catheter methods can be applied for injection, and are not particularly limited.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be applied to a living body as an artificial organ material. Anything is fine.
- This planar or three-dimensional cell tissue may be obtained by culturing fibroblasts alone, or co-cultivating fibroblasts and other cells, such as renal cells, and adding planar or three-dimensional cell tissue. It may be Examples of flat or three-dimensional cell tissue include, but are not limited to, cell sheets, cell fibers, and tissue formed by a 3D printer.
- the size and shape of the planar or three-dimensional cell tissue is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied to necrotic, damaged or fibrotic organ tissue and/or its surrounding area and/or lesion area.
- planar shape may be either a single layer or multiple layers.
- Conditions such as medium composition, temperature, and humidity in cell culture are not particularly limited as long as ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts can be cultured and planar or three-dimensional cell tissue can be constructed.
- planar or three-dimensional cell tissue By applying such planar or three-dimensional cell tissue to necrotic, damaged or fibrotic organ tissue and/or its surrounding area, or as an artificial organ, necrotic, damaged or fibrotic organ tissue and/or its By exchanging with the surrounding area, improving the state of reduced lymphangiogenesis ability, improving homeostasis of interstitial fluid, improving the ability to transport lipids and / or vitamins, and immunosurveillance mechanism can be activated, organ failure can be treated, and fibrosis can be treated or ameliorated.
- the ratio of ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is appropriately set based on the mode of administration or transplantation to a patient, etc., and a therapeutically effective amount of ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts is used as an active ingredient. should be included.
- the ratio of ADM and / or HHEX + fibroblasts to the total amount of fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.03% or more based on the number of cells may be, may be 0.1% or more, may be 1% or more, may be 2% or more, may be 4% or more, may be 5% or more, may be 10% or more may be, may be 20% or more, may be 30% or more, may be 40% or more, may be 50% or more, may be 60% or more, may be 70% or more It may be 80% or more, it may be 90% or more, it may be 95% or more, it may be 98% or more, or it may be 99% or more.
- ADM and / or HHEX expression level of the control fibroblasts is 1.20 times or more, 1.40 times or more, 1.50 times or more, 1.60 times or more, 1.70 times or more, 1.80 times or more, 9. 1.90 times or more, 2.00 times or more, 3.00 times or more, 4.00 times or more, 5.00 times or more, 6.00 times or more, 7.00 times or more, 8.00 times or more; It may be 00 times or more, or 10.0 times or more.
- the number of ADM and/or HHEX+ fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL or more, mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more, 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/mL or more can.
- the number of CD106-positive fibroblasts contained in the injectable composition may be further increased or decreased depending on the severity of the disease.
- the method for confirming the effect of the above-mentioned treatment and/or improvement by the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited. recovery of organ functionality after administration of the composition or transplantation compared to before administration of the composition or transplantation; exemplified by reducing the degree of fragility.
- the pharmaceutical composition may contain other ingredients that are physiologically acceptable as a pharmaceutical composition.
- Such other components include physiological saline, cell preservation medium, cell culture medium, hydrogel, extracellular matrix, cryopreservation medium, and the like.
- fibrosis is treated or treated by administering or transplanting a pharmaceutical composition containing ADM and/or HHEX highly expressing cells to a fibrotic tissue and/or its surrounding area. It can be a way to improve.
- lymphangiogenesis is achieved by administering or transplanting the pharmaceutical composition containing the above-mentioned ADM and/or HHEX high-expressing cells to the incompetent organ tissue and/or its peripheral region. improving impaired function, improving homeostasis of interstitial fluid, reducing edema, improving impaired transport of lipids and/or vitamins, and activating the immune surveillance mechanism. It can also be a method of treating organ failure.
- the composition containing ADM and/or HHEX+ cells is administered to incompetent organ tissue and/or its surrounding area, or fibrotic tissue and/or its surrounding area, or It can be an injection for implantation or use as an implant material.
- An embodiment of the second invention is fibroblasts with high ADM expression.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive.
- VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- fibroblasts there is no limit to the origin of fibroblasts, and pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and Muse cells, and adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated. may be used. Also, primary cells collected from animals (including humans) may be used, or established cells may be used. Examples of fibroblast-derived organs include lung-derived, heart-derived, kidney-derived, and skin-derived. Fibroblasts are not particularly limited, but are preferably of adult origin. Fibroblasts from which the cells of the present embodiment are derived may originally express a certain amount of VEGF-C or ADM, or may not express them at all. In addition, fibroblasts in the present embodiment may be cells that express cell surface markers that are expressed by normal fibroblasts, and further by the method for producing cells of the present invention described below. , cells that additionally express other markers, or cells that do not express some markers.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- VEGF-C mRNA expression level in cells is 1.20-fold or more, 1.40-fold or more, 1.50-fold or more, 1.60-fold or more, 1.70-fold or more, 1.80-fold or more, 1.90-fold times or more, 2.00 times or more, 2.60 times or more, 2.99 times or more, 3.00 times or more, 3.38 times or more, 3.52 times or more, 4.00 times or more, 4.11 times or more , 4.70 times or more, 5.00 times or more, 6.00 times or more, 7.00 times or more, 8.00 times or more, 9.00 times or more, 10.0 times or more, or more preferably.
- the mRNA expression level of fibroblasts used as a control may be the mRNA expression level in untreated fibroblasts, or may be the average mRNA expression level of the entire cells after treatment.
- the percentage of VEGF-C positive (hereinafter also referred to as VEGF-C+) fibroblasts may be 0.03% or more based on the number of cells, respectively.
- ADM mRNA expression level is 1.20 times or more, 1.40 times or more, 1.43 times or more, 1.50 times or more, 1.60 times or more, 1.70 times or more, 1.80 times or more, 1 .90 times or more, 1.91 times or more, 1.97 times or more, 2.00 times or more, 2.46 times or more, 3.00 times or more, 3.15 times or more, 4.00 times or more, 5.00 times It is preferable that the increase is a multiple of times or more, 6.00 times or more, 7.00 times or more, 8.00 times or more, 9.00 times or more, 10.0 times or more, or more.
- the mRNA expression level of fibroblasts used as a control may be the mRNA expression level in untreated fibroblasts, or may be the average mRNA expression level of the entire cells after treatment. Further, when the protein expression level is measured by flow cytometry, the percentage of ADM-positive (hereinafter also referred to as ADM+) fibroblasts may be 0.1% or more based on the number of cells, and 1% or more.
- ком ⁇ онент may be 2% or more, may be 4% or more, may be 5% or more, may be 10% or more, may be 20% or more, may be 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, may be 98% or more, or may be 99% or more.
- the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of VEGF-C and ADM are not particularly limited.
- ADM is a gene having the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 15, or 90% or more, 95% or more of the nucleotide sequence % or more or 98% or more of the same base sequence, hybridizes under stringent conditions with a complementary sequence to all or part of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 15, and has ADM It may be a gene encoding a protein having activity.
- the cells of this embodiment preferably express CD106 as a cell surface marker.
- This embodiment may be a fibroblast population containing the above-described fibroblasts with high ADM expression.
- fibroblasts In preparation of fibroblasts, the origin of fibroblasts is not particularly limited, as already described. On the other hand, they may be autologous cells, for example lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue of a patient suffering from lung disease, or lung fibroblasts isolated by differentiating the patient's adult (somatic) stem cells. Blast cells may be prepared. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells derived from autologous cells may also be used.
- cells other than autologous cells may be used, for example, lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue derived from donors who provide lung cells, lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue prepared using animals, etc., donor adult (body) sex) stem cells may be differentiated to provide isolated pulmonary fibroblasts. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating donor-derived pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells and ES cells may also be used.
- Prepared fibroblasts can be separated, typically by treatment with enzymes such as dispase, collagenase. Separation can be carried out by enzymes such as dispase, collagenase, or other treatments, such as mechanical treatments, if the required separation is possible.
- Fibroblast culture Fibroblasts may be contacted with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 by the method described below, and cultured until the desired number of cells is obtained and/or the desired function is provided. good too.
- Culture conditions are not limited, and known cell culture methods may be used.
- the medium used for culture can be appropriately set depending on the type of cells to be cultured, and for example, HFDM-1(+), DMEM, ⁇ -MEM, RPMI-1640 and the like can be used.
- Nutrients such as NBCS, FCS and FBS, growth factors, cytokines, antibiotics and the like may be added to the medium. Furthermore, it may be cultured in a medium containing TNF- ⁇ and IL-4.
- the culture time and the number of culture days can be appropriately set according to the purpose such as until the cultured cells reach the desired number of cells and/or until the cultured cells have desired functions. For example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 21 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. be done.
- the culture temperature can be appropriately set according to the type of cells to be cultured. °C or less, 50 °C or less, 45 °C or less, 40 °C or less. Culturing may be performed multiple times. For example, the purity of the desired fibroblasts can be improved by selection or enrichment, and culture can be performed each time.
- the cultured fibroblasts may be collected by detaching the cells with a protease such as trypsin.
- An instrument such as a scraper may be used to dislodge and collect the cells.
- Another embodiment of the second invention is a method for producing fibroblasts highly expressing ADM, comprising contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, and contacting fibroblasts
- a method for producing fibroblasts highly expressing ADM comprising culturing under conditions that allow high expression of ADM.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive.
- VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- the method of contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 is induction of fibroblasts with high ADM expression, or induction of high ADM expression and high VEGF-C expression and / or CD106 positive fibroblasts.
- TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 may be contacted with fibroblasts separately or simultaneously.
- TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 may be dissolved in water, media, serum, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) prior to addition to media.
- fibroblasts can be cultured in a medium supplemented with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, the expression level of ADM in fibroblasts is maintained, and the expression level of VEGF-C is maintained. , can culture fibroblasts. Therefore, it is possible to produce fibroblasts with high ADM expression level and further high VEGF-C expression level.
- the amount of TNF- ⁇ added is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 ng/mL or more, and may be 0.5 ng/mL or more, It may be 1 ng/mL or more, 10 ng/mL or more, or 50 ng/mL or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 500 ng/mL or less, and may be 100 ng/mL or less.
- the amount of IL-4 added is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 ng/mL or more, may be 0.5 ng/mL or more, may be 1 ng/mL or more, or may be 2 ng/mL or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and is usually 10 ng/mL or less, may be 5 ng/mL or less, or may be 2 ng/mL or less.
- the ratio (weight ratio) of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 to be added is TNF- ⁇ :IL-4, usually 10000:1 to 1:1, and may be 50000:1 to 10:1. Further, it is 1:1 to 1:10000, and may be 1:10 to 1:50000.
- fibroblasts with high ADM expression can be produced.
- the fibroblasts may further be highly VEGF-C-expressing. Cultivation of fibroblasts is not particularly limited as long as the conditions allow fibroblasts to express ADM at a high level, and may be performed by known cell culture methods. Also, the conditions may be such that high VEGF-C expression can occur. It is preferable to be under conditions that can become CD106 positive. The method described in the section (Culture of fibroblasts) in the method for producing fibroblasts is exemplified.
- anti-CD106 antibodies when fibroblasts are CD106-positive, anti-CD106 antibodies can be used to select or enrich CD106-positive fibroblasts with high ADM expression.
- the fibroblasts may further be highly VEGF-C-expressing.
- the method of selection or enrichment is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a method known to those skilled in the art. (Miltenyi Biotec) for secondary immunostaining, and the stained cells are collected by autoMACS (Miltenyi Biotec). Moreover, selection or concentration may be performed at any timing.
- a known anti-CD106 antibody can be used, and a commercially available product can be obtained and used. Selection or enrichment with an anti-CD106 antibody can increase the proportion of high ADM-expressing fibroblasts in the fibroblast population.
- fibroblasts highly expressing ADM are obtained, and the fibroblasts or a fibroblast population containing the cells is another embodiment of the second invention.
- the fibroblasts may further have high VEGF-C expression and may be CD106 positive.
- Fibroblasts are stimulated by TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 to increase the expression of ADM and VEGF-C, so fibroblasts with high ADM expression and fibroblasts with high VEGF-C expression can be suitably used as a therapeutic composition for diseases in which lymphangiogenic potential is reduced and pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia.
- fibroblasts are not particularly limited in origin, but are preferably lung-derived.
- Another embodiment may be a fibroblast population containing cells obtained from the aforementioned ADM-highly expressing fibroblasts.
- Another embodiment of the second invention is a cell population comprising CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment may have high ADM expression or high VEGF-C expression.
- fibroblasts there is no limit to the origin of fibroblasts, and pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and Muse cells, and adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated. may be used. Also, primary cells collected from animals (including humans) may be used, or established cells may be used. Fibroblasts are not particularly limited, but are preferably of adult origin. Fibroblasts from which the cells of the present embodiment are derived may originally express a certain amount of VEGF-C or ADM, or may not express them at all. In addition, fibroblasts in the present embodiment may be cells that express cell surface markers that are expressed by normal fibroblasts, and further by the method for producing cells of the present invention described below. , cells that additionally express other markers, or cells that do not express some markers.
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- Muse cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- the ratio of CD106-positive fibroblasts to all fibroblasts is not particularly limited, but may be greater than 18.01%, may be greater than 27.97%, based on the number of cells, may be greater than 30%, may be greater than 31.38%, may be greater than 34.79%, may be greater than 40%, may be greater than 50%, may be greater than 60% Well, it may be greater than 70%, it may be greater than 80%, it may be greater than 90%, it may be greater than 95%, it may be greater than 97.10%.
- the number of cells it may be 18.01% or more, 27.97% or more, 30% or more, 31.38% or more, 34.79% or more may be 40% or more, may be 50% or more, may be 60% or more, may be 70% or more, may be 80% or more, may be 90% or more may be 95% or more, and may be 97.10% or more.
- the fibroblast population of this embodiment may further be a CD90-positive fibroblast population.
- the ratio of CD106-positive and CD90-positive fibroblasts to all fibroblasts is not particularly limited, but may be more than 17.97%, 27.91% may be greater than, may be greater than 30%, may be greater than 31.21%, may be greater than 34.51%, may be greater than 40%, may be greater than 50%, It may be greater than 60%, it may be greater than 70%, it may be greater than 80%, it may be greater than 90%, it may be greater than 95%, it may be greater than 96.29%.
- the number of cells it may be 17.97% or more, 27.91% or more, 30% or more, 31.21% or more, 34.51% or more may be 40% or more, may be 50% or more, may be 60% or more, may be 70% or more, may be 80% or more, may be 90% or more may be 95% or more, and may be 96.29% or more.
- fibroblasts In preparation of fibroblasts, the origin of fibroblasts is not particularly limited, as already described. On the other hand, they may be autologous cells, for example lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue of a patient suffering from lung disease, or lung fibroblasts isolated by differentiating the patient's adult (somatic) stem cells. Blast cells may be prepared. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells derived from autologous cells may also be used.
- cells other than autologous cells may be used, for example, lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue derived from donors who provide lung cells, lung fibroblasts isolated from lung tissue prepared using animals, etc., donor adult (body) sex) stem cells may be differentiated to provide isolated pulmonary fibroblasts. Fibroblasts collected by differentiating donor-derived pluripotent stem cells such as iPS cells and ES cells may also be used.
- Prepared fibroblasts can be separated, typically by treatment with enzymes such as dispase, collagenase. Separation can be carried out by enzymes such as dispase, collagenase, or other treatments, such as mechanical treatments, if the required separation is possible.
- Fibroblast culture Fibroblasts may be contacted with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 by the method described below, and cultured until the desired number of cells is obtained and/or the desired function is provided. good too.
- Culture conditions are not limited, and known cell culture methods may be used.
- the medium used for culture can be appropriately set depending on the type of cells to be cultured, and for example, HFDM-1(+), DMEM, ⁇ -MEM, RPMI-1640 and the like can be used.
- Nutrients such as NBCS, FCS and FBS, growth factors, cytokines, antibiotics and the like may be added to the medium. Furthermore, it may be cultured in a medium containing TNF- ⁇ and IL-4.
- the culture time and the number of culture days can be appropriately set according to the purpose such as until the cultured cells reach the desired number of cells and/or until the cultured cells have desired functions. For example, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 11 hours, 12 hours, 15 hours, 18 hours, 21 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, etc. be done.
- the culture temperature can be appropriately set according to the type of cells to be cultured. °C or less, 50 °C or less, 45 °C or less, 40 °C or less. Culturing may be performed multiple times. For example, the purity of the desired fibroblasts can be improved by selection or enrichment, and culture can be performed each time.
- the cultured fibroblasts may be collected by detaching the cells with a protease such as trypsin.
- An instrument such as a scraper may be used to dislodge and collect the cells.
- CD106-positive fibroblasts Cell sorting of CD106-positive fibroblasts
- the fibroblasts may be subjected to selection or enrichment for CD106 positive fibroblasts. Selection or enrichment may be omitted if CD106 positive fibroblasts are available without selection or enrichment. Selection or enrichment of CD106-positive fibroblasts is exemplified by flow cytometry, magnetic bead method, affinity column method, panning method, etc. using anti-CD106 antibody (anti-VCAM-1 antibody). Specifically, a magnetic cell sorting method (MACS), a fluorescent labeled cell sorting method (FACS), or the like can be used. A commercially available anti-CD106 antibody may be used, or one prepared by a known method may be used.
- CD106-positive fibroblasts may be obtained by introducing a drug resistance gene and excluding CD106-negative fibroblasts.
- a fluorescent protein-encoding gene may be introduced and fluorescent protein-positive cells may be isolated using FACS or the like.
- techniques such as real-time PCR, next-generation sequencing, in situ hybridization, and the like may be used to confirm the expression of the CD106 gene in cells and isolate the CD106 gene expression group.
- Another embodiment of the second invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-mentioned ADM-highly expressing fibroblasts or cell population thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-mentioned CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblast cell population.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive.
- VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- lymphangiogenesis can occur in an organ such as the lung. It can improve the state of declining ability. Therefore, although not particularly limited, for example, in organs such as lungs, it is possible to improve a state in which lymphangiogenic potential is reduced. It is particularly useful in treating pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonitis.
- fibroblasts are not particularly limited in origin, but are preferably lung-derived.
- the method of administering or implanting the pharmaceutical composition of this embodiment into a living body is not particularly limited, it can be administered, for example, by injection.
- the pharmaceutical composition may also be administered intravenously, arterially, in a lymph node, in a lymphatic vessel, in the bone marrow, subcutaneously, in the corpus cavernosum, intraperitoneally, in muscle, intrathecally, or in a joint cavity.
- Administration to veins, arteries, and lymph vessels may be by intravascular injection, injection through a catheter, or other known techniques.
- the injection method is not particularly limited, and known injection techniques such as needle injection and needle-free injection can be applied, and known catheter methods can be applied for injection, and are not particularly limited.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be applied to a living body as an artificial organ material. Anything is fine.
- This planar or three-dimensional cell tissue may be obtained by culturing fibroblasts alone, or co-cultivating fibroblasts and other cells, such as lung cells, and adding planar or three-dimensional cell tissue. It may be Examples of flat or three-dimensional cell tissue include, but are not limited to, cell sheets, cell fibers, and tissue formed by a 3D printer.
- the size and shape of the planar or three-dimensional cell tissue are not particularly limited as long as it can be applied to damaged or fibrotic lung tissue and/or its peripheral region and/or lesion region.
- the planar shape may be either a single layer or multiple layers.
- conditions such as medium composition, temperature, and humidity in cell culture can culture VEGF-C and / or CD106 positive fibroblasts with high ADM expression, and as long as planar or three-dimensional cell tissue can be constructed.
- the culture conditions described in the section (Fibroblast culture) and/or (Fibroblast collection) in the method for producing fibroblasts can be exemplified.
- the ratio of high-ADM-expressing fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is appropriately set based on the mode of administration or transplantation to a patient, and a therapeutically effective amount of high-ADM-expressing fibroblasts is included as an active ingredient. as long as it is When other fibroblasts are contained in the pharmaceutical composition, for example, the ratio of fibroblasts highly expressing ADM to the total amount of fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is 0.03% or more based on the number of cells.
- the ratio of CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is appropriately set based on the mode of administration or transplantation to a patient, and a therapeutically effective amount of ADM-highly expressed fibroblasts is used as an active ingredient. should be included. Specifically, the ratio of CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts described in the section ⁇ Cell population containing CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts> can be used.
- the number of fibroblasts with high ADM expression or the number of CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblasts contained in the pharmaceutical composition is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 cells/mL or more, or 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 cells/mL or more. , 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more, 5.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 It can be 7 cells/mL or more.
- the number of cells contained in the injectable composition may be further increased or decreased depending on the severity of the disease.
- the method for confirming the effect of the above-mentioned treatment and/or improvement by the pharmaceutical composition is not particularly limited.
- Recovery of functionality of an organ such as lung after composition administration or transplantation compared to before composition administration or transplantation, and organ such as lung after composition administration or transplantation compared to before composition administration or transplantation For example, the degree of damage and the degree of fibrosis are reduced.
- the pharmaceutical composition may contain other ingredients that are physiologically acceptable as a pharmaceutical composition.
- Such other components include physiological saline, cell preservation medium, cell culture medium, hydrogel, extracellular matrix, cryopreservation medium, and the like.
- the above-mentioned high ADM-expressing fibroblasts, cell populations thereof, CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblast cell populations, or pharmaceutical compositions containing these are used in organs such as lungs. It can be a method of treating pulmonary diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis or interstitial pneumonitis by administering or implanting the tissue and/or the surrounding area.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive.
- VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- the above-mentioned high ADM-expressing fibroblasts, cell populations thereof, CD106-positive lung-derived fibroblast cell populations, or pharmaceutical compositions containing these are used in lungs, etc. administration or transplantation to the organ tissue and/or its peripheral region, thereby improving the state of reduced lymphangiogenic potential.
- the fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive.
- VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- the fibroblasts with high ADM expression, cell populations thereof, or compositions containing these are administered or transplanted into organ tissues such as lungs and/or their peripheral regions. It can be used as an injectable or implantable material for The fibroblasts of this embodiment are preferably CD106 positive. Furthermore, VEGF-C may be highly expressed.
- Adult human hearts were purchased from Science Care, and adult human cardiac fibroblasts were isolated after enzymatic treatment with Liberase MNP-S (Roche).
- the cells were added with 1% newborn calf serum (NBCS, Hyclone) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF)-containing serum-free culture medium for fibroblasts (HFDM-1 (+), Cell After 5 passages, the cells were cultured in a cell culture dish, and the untreated group (NT), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) (Peprotech) and IL-4 ( 2 ng/mL) (Wako) was treated with a mixture of two drugs (+CKs).All groups were treated with HFDM-1 (+) supplemented with 1% NBCS as a basal medium for 1 day (24 hours). cultured.
- NBCS newborn calf serum
- rh-EGF human epidermal growth factor
- Fibroblasts were immunofluorescently stained with BV421 mouse anti-human CD106 (VCAM1) antibody (BD Biosciences) and human CD90-PE (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).
- Isotype controls were BV421 mouse IgG1; kappa isotype control (BD Biosciences) and REA control (S)-PE (Miltenyi Biotec).
- the viable cells were allowed to react with the antibody for 30 minutes at 4°C.
- the immunofluorescence-stained cells were analyzed with a flow cytometer (MACSQuant Analyzer 10, Miltenyi Biotec). After recognizing the cell area with FSC-A and SSC-A, the positive cell rate (%, in terms of cell number) for CD106 protein was evaluated.
- ⁇ Increased expression of ADM and/or HHEX gene in human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts Human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in cell culture dishes, untreated (NT), TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) (Peprotech) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) (Wako ) was treated with a two-drug mixture (+CKs). All groups were cultured for 1 day (24 hours) with HFDM-1(+) supplemented with 1% NBCS as the basal medium.
- the primers used were human mRNA sequences published in NCBI (ADM, NM_001124.3 (SEQ ID NO: 1); HHEX, NM_002729.5 (SEQ ID NO: 2); ACTB ( ⁇ -Actin), NM_001101.5 (SEQ ID NO: Based on 3)), the sequences were designed so that the annealing temperature calculated by the nearest neighbor base pair method was around 60° C. and one or more introns were sandwiched (SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 9).
- the 5' nuclease probe sequence is also designed based on the published human mRNA sequence data, the annealing temperature of this probe is 5 ° C.
- the binding position of this probe is on the gene to be measured, the forward primer and the binding position of the reverse primer.
- the 5′ end of the probe was bound to the fluorescent dye 6-FAM
- the quencher dye ZEN was bound to the 9 bases 3′ side of the probe
- the second quencher dye Iowa Black FQ was bound to the 3′ end.
- a dual quencher probe is used to reduce background signals in RT-PCR analysis (SEQ ID NOS: 10-12). Synthesis of all the above primers and probes was entrusted to Integrated DNA Technologies (Table 1).
- RNA extraction> Extraction of total RNA from cardiac fibroblasts was performed using the Qiagen RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (QIAGEN). At that time, the cell lysate was prepared using a QIAshredder (QIAGEN), and other operations including DNase treatment followed the protocol recommended by the kit manufacturer. The concentration of the obtained total RNA was determined by measuring absorbance at a wavelength of 260 nm using a Nanodrop One/One spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). At the same time, the A260/A280 value indicating the degree of protein contamination was calculated and confirmed to be A260/A280>2.0.
- Reverse transcription reaction and RT-PCR were performed together in the same tube using One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix, with UNG Kit (TaKaRa).
- the reaction was performed with a reaction solution (total volume of 12.5 ⁇ L) containing 1 ⁇ One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix, with UNG, 0.2 ⁇ M Forward & Reverse primers, 0.2 ⁇ M specific probe, and 10 ng template RNA solution.
- the reverse transcription reaction was first performed by heating at 52° C. for 5 minutes, followed by heating at 95° C. for 10 seconds to inactivate the reverse transcriptase. Subsequently, a cycle of heating at 95° C. for 5 seconds and 60° C.
- the calibration curve for each gene had a correlation coefficient of 0.98 or more and an amplification efficiency of 90% or more, and was considered sufficient as a calibration curve.
- the content was calculated as a relative value. This relative value was normalized by the value of ⁇ -Actin.
- lymphatic angiogenesis assay human lymphatic endothelial cells collected from heart-derived cells were co-cultured with various human cardiac fibroblasts by a method known to those skilled in the art, and cardiac lymphatic vessels were formed by various cardiac fibroblasts. Evaluation of the regenerative effect was performed (Non-Patent Document 15). Specifically, human lymphatic endothelial cells collected from human heart-derived cells and various human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts were seeded at a concentration of 2.45 ⁇ 10 5 cells/cm 2 at a ratio of 2:8, followed by EGM. -2MV Microvascular Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 BulletKit (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) for 3 days.
- the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.1% TritonX, and then subjected to immunofluorescence staining.
- Anti-VE-Cadherin rabbit polyclonal antibody (abcam, Cambridge, UK) and anti-Vimentin mouse polyclonal antibody (abcam) were used as primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 488) (abcam) and goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 647) (abcam). Nuclear staining was performed with Hoechst 33258 solution (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan).
- an anisotropic PDE-based filter (Icy plug-in: “Membrane Filter”, v.0.1.0.1) is applied to correct the image, enhancing the contrast of the filtered image, normalizing it, and removing the background ROI was defined by subtracting Finally, the resulting images were analyzed with the Angiogenesis Analyzer macro. A detailed protocol can be found in dx. doi. org/10.17504/protocols. io. Published online on bhtaj6ie. Quantitative data are graphical representations of the total length of mature lymphatic vessels and the number of junctions, and expressed as fold increase, with the mean NT being 1.
- Cells were purchased from the following vendors: Human Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts (Lonza); Human Fetal Cardiac Fibroblasts (Cell Applications, San Diego, Calif.). The cells were expanded and cultured in a fibroblast culture medium (HFDM-1(+) medium (Cell Science Laboratory Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Japan) and used for transplantation experiments.
- HFDM-1(+) medium Cell Science Laboratory Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Japan
- Fibroblasts were primary immunostained with human CD106 (VCAM-1)-biotin (Miltenyi Biotec) or human CD90-biotin (Miltenyi Biotec) and secondary immunostained with anti-biotin microbeads (Miltenyi Biotec). .
- the stained cells were autoMACS (Miltenyi Biotec) and CD106 and CD90 positive cells were collected.
- LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
- fibroblasts administered to chronic heart failure model rats.
- the various fibroblasts that had been cryopreserved were thawed, diluted with high-glucose DMEM+10% NBCS, and the viable cell count was 2.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/50 ⁇ L for each individual. dosed.
- the animals were kept anesthetized by the same method as the model preparation, and under artificial respiration management, the infarcted lesion was divided into 2 sites, and 50 ⁇ L of the total volume of cell suspension was administered using a catheter with a 30G needle.
- SR Sirius red
- HE hematoxylin and eosin
- the adult-derived cardiac fibroblast administration group was imaged with a virtual slide scanner (NanoZoomer S210, Hamamatsu Photonics, Shizuoka, Japan). The embryo-derived cardiac fibroblast-administered group was imaged with an Aperio ScanScope slide scanner.
- HE-stained images were qualitatively scored for the following items: Inflammatory cell aggregation, proliferation of fibroblasts, fibrosis, lime deposition, thinning of the left ventricular. The degree of pathological change was qualitatively evaluated as no change (score 0), mild (score 1), moderate (score 2), severe (score 3).
- RNAscope Target Probe Rn-Lyve-1-C2 Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, Minn.
- the probes were treated with a HybEZ Oven (Bio-Techne).
- Cryosections were labeled with anti-cardiac troponin T (cTnT) antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox-1) antibody (Proteintech, Rosemont, Ill.), and anti-Vascular endothelial growth Factor 3 (Vector Rec. ) immunohistochemical staining was performed with an antibody (Bioss Antibodies, Woburn, Mass.), and imaging was performed with an FV1200 confocal laser microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
- Example A1 Improvement of CD106-positive cell rate of adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts by contact with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4>
- Human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts were cultured in a cell culture dish to provide an NT group and a +CKs group.
- Human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts in all groups had a flat, spindle-shaped shape with a typical fibroblast-like shape (Fig. 1A).
- the NT group had 48.88% (CD90), 0.20% (CD106), 0.14% (both positive, DP), while the +CKs group was 57.55% (CD90), 50.78% (CD106), 34.76% (DP), respectively, CD90 positive cell rate, CD106 positive cell rate and both positive cell rate (%) were greatly improved (Fig. 1B). These results indicated that contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 improved the CD90, CD106, and both-positive cell ratios (%) of fibroblasts.
- Example A2 Contact with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 enhanced the expression levels of ADM and/or HHEX in adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts>
- the gene expression levels of ADM and HHEX in fibroblasts in all groups were normalized by the gene expression level of ⁇ -Actin, and the gene expression level of ADM and/or HHEX in the NT group (average value) was set to 1.00, It is expressed in Fold increase. As a result, it was shown that the ADM expression level was improved 2.30-fold in the +CKs group, confirming a significant difference in mRNA expression level (Fig. 2A). On the other hand, the expression level of HHEX was shown to be improved 2.58-fold in the +CKs group, confirming a significant difference in the expression level of mRNA between all groups (Fig. 2B). These results indicated that contacting fibroblasts with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 improved the gene expression levels of ADM and/or HHEX in fibroblasts.
- Example A3 Adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts in contact with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 have a high neoplastic effect on cardiac lymphatic vessels>
- human cardiovascular endothelial cells containing lymphatic endothelial cells were expanded.
- a test was performed using lymphatic endothelial cells that are both positive for VE-cadherin and PDPN, which are endothelial cell markers.
- Human lymphatic endothelial cells collected from heart-derived cells and various human adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts were co-cultured, and lymphatic vessels were observed by immunofluorescence staining.
- Example A4 Adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts that are both CD90- and CD106-positive by contact with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 have a therapeutic effect on fibrosis>
- a number of previous studies have reported that lymphangiogenesis can treat scarring (fibrosis) that forms with organ tissue damage.
- the following adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts were first prepared (Fig. 4): untreated adult-derived cardiac fibroblasts (A-HCF); TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (2 ng / mL) was added and cultured for 72 hours.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of evaluating the characteristics of each fibroblast by FCM. The following cells were administered to chronic heart failure model rats, and fibrosis regions were observed by Sirius red staining (Fig. 5).
- Test 1 A-HCF administration group; uA-HCF administration group; uA90-HCF administration group; Control group (group administered only medium); Microscopic observations were performed on groups (Figs. 5A and B).
- Test 2 The F-VCF-administered group and the control group (group to which only the medium was administered) were microscopically observed (FIGS. 5C and 5D).
- fibroblasts to which TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) were added had a smaller area of myocardial fibrotic regions, and in particular, the effects of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 reduced CD90 and CD106 In the group (uA90-HCF) to which only the cell population that became both positive was administered, the fibrotic area was remarkably small. Interestingly, as a result of administering the naturally occurring CD90 and CD106 positive cardiac fibroblasts (F-VCF) administration group, no therapeutic effect on the fibrosis area was observed.
- F-VCF naturally occurring CD90 and CD106 positive cardiac fibroblasts
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng/mL
- IL-4 2 ng/mL
- functional differences in fibrosis of artificially produced lymphangiogenic fibroblasts could be found. rice field.
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng/mL
- IL-4 2 ng /mL
- the scores of Proliferation of fibroblast, Fibrosis, and Lime deposition tended to decrease, and only the cell population that became both CD90 and CD106 positive due to the effects of TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 was administered.
- lymphatic vessel endothelial cells recruited to myocardial infarction lesions were observed by staining lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (Lyve-1), which is a lymphatic vessel endothelial marker, by in situ hybridization.
- Lyve-1 lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1
- fibroblasts supplemented with TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) had a lymphatic endothelial cell recruitment effect (lymphangiogenesis effect).
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng/mL
- IL-4 2 ng/mL
- Example A5 In vivo effect of lymphangiogenesis by both CD90- and CD106-positive cardiac fibroblasts> Fibroblasts (A-HCF, uA-HCF, or uA90-HCF) or Vehicle Control (medium only) were administered transepicardial and intramyocardial to chronic heart failure model rats, and lymphangiogenesis in vivo in each group was confirmed. observed (Fig. 8). As a result of immunohistochemical observation, the localization of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers Prox-1 and VEGFR3 could be confirmed only in the uA90-HCF administration group, but the localization of LEC could not be confirmed in the other groups. No (Fig. 8).
- LEC lymphatic endothelial cell
- Example B Example concerning fibroblasts with high ADM expression> ⁇ Culture of Human Lung Fibroblasts and Preparation of Fibroblasts with High ADM Expression and Improved VCAM-1 Expression>
- Human adult lung fibroblasts were purchased from PromoCell (Heidelberg, Germany) and added to fibroblast culture medium (HFDM-1(+) medium (Cell Co., Ltd.) supplemented with 5% (v/v) NBCS (Newborn Calf Serum). Science Institute, Miyagi, Japan)
- Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland) and expanded in EBM-2 medium (Lonza). Leica GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
- human lung fibroblasts were expanded in a cell culture dish and cultured without treatment (Control), and TNF- ⁇ (50 ng /mL) (Peprotech, Cranbury, NJ) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) were treated with a two-drug combination (+Factor-X). All groups were cultured for 1 day (24 hours) with HFDM-1(+) supplemented with 5% NBCS as the basal medium.
- Human lung fibroblasts were immunofluorescently stained with human CD90-PE (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and BV421 mouse anti-human CD106 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif.). Isotype controls used were REA control (S)-PE (Miltenyi Biotec) and BV421 mouse IgG1 kappa isotype control (BD Biosciences). Meanwhile, mouse lung fibroblasts were immunofluorescently stained with mouse CD90.2-PE (Miltenyi Biotec) and mouse CD106 (VCAM-1)-APC (Miltenyi Biotec).
- Rat IgG2b-PE (Miltenyi Biotec) and rat IgG2a-APC (Miltenyi Biotec) were used as isotype controls.
- the viable cells were allowed to react with the antibody for 30 minutes at 4°C.
- the immunofluorescence-stained cells were analyzed with a flow cytometer (MACSQuant Analyzer 10, Miltenyi Biotec). After recognizing cell regions with FSC-A and SSC-A, the positive cell rate (%, in terms of cell number) for CD90 and CD106 proteins was evaluated.
- VEGF-C vascular endothelial growth factor-C
- ADM NM_001124.3
- ACTB ⁇ -Actin
- NM_001101.5 SEQ ID NO: 3
- mouse mRNA sequences VEGF-C, NM_009506.2 (SEQ ID NO: 14
- ADM NM_009627.2 (SEQ ID NO: 15)
- GAPDH NM_001289726.1
- SEQ ID NOS: 17-18 human VEGF-C primers
- SEQ ID NOS: 4-5 human ADM primers
- SEQ ID NOs:8-9 human ACTB primers
- SEQ ID NOs:19-24 mouse VEGF-C primers, mouse ADM primers, mouse GAPDH primers
- the 5' nuclease probe sequence is also designed based on the published human and mouse mRNA sequence data, the annealing temperature of this probe is 5 ° C. or more higher than that of the primer, and the binding position of this probe is on the gene to be measured, It was designed to bind to the base between the binding position of the forward primer and the binding position of the reverse primer.
- the 5′ end of the probe was bound to the fluorescent dye 6-FAM
- the quencher dye ZEN was bound to the 9 bases 3′ side of the probe
- the second quencher dye Iowa Black FQ was bound to the 3′ end.
- Dual quencher probes to reduce background signals in RT-PCR analysis SEQ ID NO: 25 (human VEGF-C probe), SEQ ID NO: 10 (human ADM probe), SEQ ID NO: 12 (human ACTB probe), sequence Numbers 26-28 (mouse VEGF-C probe, mouse ADM probe, mouse GAPDH probe)). Synthesis of all the above primers and probes was entrusted to Integrated DNA Technologies (Table 2).
- RNA from lung fibroblasts was performed using the Qiagen RNeasy Plus Mini Kit (QIAGEN). At that time, the cell lysate was disrupted using a QIAshredder (QIAGEN), and other operations including DNase treatment followed the protocol recommended by the kit manufacturer. The concentration of the obtained total RNA was determined by measuring absorbance at a wavelength of 260 nm using a Nanodrop One/One spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). At the same time, the A260/A280 value indicating the degree of protein contamination was calculated and confirmed to be A260/A280>2.0.
- Reactions were collectively performed in the same tube using One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix, with UNG Kit (TaKaRa). Reactions consisted of 1 ⁇ One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix, with UNG, 0.2 ⁇ M forward & reverse primers, 0.2 ⁇ M specific probe, 10 ng (human lung fibroblasts) or 100 ng (mouse lung fibroblasts) template. A reaction mixture containing RNA solution (total volume 15 ⁇ L) was used. The reverse transcription reaction was first performed by heating at 52° C. for 5 minutes, followed by heating at 95° C. for 10 seconds to inactivate the reverse transcriptase.
- a fluorescence intensity baseline and a threshold value were set for each target gene for the resulting amplification curve, and the cycle number (Ct value) at which the fluorescence signal reached the threshold value was determined for each sample.
- the calibration curve for each gene had a correlation coefficient of 0.99 or more and an amplification efficiency of 85% or more, and was considered sufficient as a calibration curve.
- the content was calculated as a relative value. This relative value was standardized with the value of the housekeeping gene ( ⁇ -Actin or GAPDH) calculated in the same manner.
- the gene expression level of fibroblasts was expressed as fold increase, with the control gene expression level normalized by the housekeeping gene expression level being 1.
- Lymphatic angiogenesis assay was carried out by co-culturing lymphatic endothelial cells collected from human lung-derived cells and various human lung fibroblasts by a method known to those skilled in the art, and pulmonary lymphangiogenesis by various lung fibroblasts. The effect was evaluated (Non-Patent Document 15). Specifically, lymphatic endothelial cells collected from human lung-derived cells and various human adult-derived lung fibroblasts were seeded at a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/cm 2 at a ratio of 1:9. 2 culture medium for 3 days. After co-cultivation, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and subjected to immunofluorescence staining.
- Anti-VE-Cadherin rabbit polyclonal antibody (abcam, Cambridge, UK) and anti-Vimentin mouse polyclonal antibody (abcam) were used as primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 488) (abcam) and goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 647) (abcam). Nuclear staining was performed with Hoechst 33258 solution (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan). Stained samples were photographed with an IN Cell Analyzer 2200 (Cytiva, Marlborough, Mass.).
- the collected adult mouse lung tissue (C57BL/6 mouse, 10 weeks old) was minced into 1 mm squares with a scalpel and added with 0.14 Wunsch units/mL Liberase TM (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). was added, enzyme treatment was performed in a 37° C. incubator, and primary lung fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 15% FBS was used as the culture medium. Brightfield observation was performed with a Leica DMi1 (Leica GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
- adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts (VPF) with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression
- adult-derived mouse pulmonary fibroblasts were expanded and cultured in a cell culture dish and cultured without treatment (Control ) and a group (+Factor-X) treated with a two-drug combination of recombinant mouse TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) (Peprotech) and recombinant mouse IL-4 (2 ng/mL) (Peprotech). All groups were cultured for 3 days (72 hours) using DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 15% FBS as a basal medium, thereby producing adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts (VPF) with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression. Created.
- VPF VPF was used in Examples B3 and B4 below.
- lungs were collected from C57BL/6 mice (female, 10 weeks old) purchased from Charles River Japan (Kanagawa, Japan), and lung fibroblasts (PF) were expanded by primary culture.
- PF lung fibroblasts
- ADM high expression and VCAM1 expression improved PF (VPF) was produced.
- This VPF was used in Example B5 described later.
- mouse-derived PF may be referred to as mPF
- rat-derived PF may be referred to as rPF.
- Mouse-derived VPF is sometimes called mVPF
- rat-derived VPF is sometimes called rVPF.
- bleomycin solution (1 U/ml in 0.9% saline) was filled into a liquid MicroSprayer (PennCentury, Wyndmoor, PA), and mice (male, 9 weeks old) were injected at a concentration of 2 mg/kg in 50 mL. 7 days after administration of the bleomycin solution into the lungs of 10 years old) under deep anesthesia, and the mice were regarded as an interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model.
- Fibroblasts were administered intravenously via the tail vein to interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model mice.
- Various fibroblasts were administered at 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/100 ⁇ L physiological saline/body.
- Each mouse received mPF, mVPF or saline as a control (Ctrl).
- the therapeutic effect of each cell was determined by survival analysis and pathological evaluation by the Kaplan-meier method.
- animals were sacrificed and lungs were collected at the end of the study, 4 weeks (28 days) after cell administration. The sampled lungs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then embedded in paraffin.
- Paraffin sections were stained with Sirius Red (SR) and imaged with a virtual slide scanner (NanoZoomer S210, Hamamatsu Photonics, Shizuoka, Japan).
- SR Sirius Red
- Example B5 the animals were sacrificed 2 weeks (14 days) after cell administration, which is the end of the test, and lungs were collected. The sampled lungs were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then embedded in paraffin.
- Paraffin sections were imaged with BZ-X710 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) after Masson's Trichrome staining. The imaged image was subjected to quantification of the fibrotic area using ImageJ software.
- Lungs were taken from WKY/NCrlCrlj rats (female, 6 weeks old) purchased from Charles River Japan (Kanagawa, Japan), and rat pulmonary fibroblasts (rPF) were expanded by primary culture. Specifically, the rat lung tissue collected by the primary was minced into 1 mm squares with a scalpel, 0.14 Wunsch units/mL Liberase TM (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was added and placed in a 37°C incubator. Enzymatic treatment was performed, and expansion culture was performed with DMEM (Low Glucose).
- DMEM Low Glucose
- ADM-high expression and VCAM-1 expression-improved rPF was produced by the same method as that for producing mVPF described above. Specifically, rat recombinant TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 were added to rPF (final concentrations: 50 ng/mL TNF- ⁇ , 2 ng/mL IL-4) and cultured for 72 hours. The percentage of VCAM-1 positive cells in rVPF was assessed by flow cytometry on a MACS Quant Analyzer (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).
- ⁇ Preparation of rat interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model> The development of disease model rats was outsourced to Charles River Japan (Kanagawa, Japan). BN/CrlCrlj rats (male, 6 weeks old) were intratracheally sprayed with a single bleomycin solution (5 mg/kg physiological saline) using a liquid MicroSprayer to prepare interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model rats.
- This rat strain was selected for the following reasons: (1) BN rats and WKY rats are inbred strains and are immunologically divergent, and the selection of both strains is due to the effectiveness of allogeneic cell medicines. (2) Interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model preparation in this strain has been reported (Non-Patent Document 17).
- 2 weeks (14 days) after cell administration the animals were sacrificed and lungs were collected. The sampled lung was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were imaged with BZ-X710 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) after Masson's Trichrome staining. The imaged image was subjected to quantification of the fibrotic area using ImageJ software.
- Human adult lung fibroblasts were purchased from PromoCell (Heidelberg, Germany) and cultured in fibroblast culture medium (HFDM-1(+) medium (Cell Co., Ltd.) supplemented with 5% (v/v) NBCS (Newborn Calf Serum). Kagaku Kenkyusho, Miyagi, Japan).
- VCAM-1 expression-enhanced fibroblasts human lung fibroblasts were expanded and cultured in cell culture dishes, and an untreated group (hPF) and TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) ( Peprotech, Cranbury, NJ) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) were treated with a two-drug treatment group (hPF+CKs). All groups were cultured for 3 days (72 hours) with HFDM-1(+) supplemented with 5% NBCS as the basal medium.
- hPF untreated group
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng/mL
- IL-4 2 ng/mL
- hPF+CKs two-drug treatment group
- hPF + CKs were immunostained with anti-CD106 (VCAM-1)-Biotin, human antibody (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) and Anti-Biotin microBeads (Miltenyi Biotec), and autoMACS proMitory cell sorting (Separate). Recovered.
- Example B1 Ability of fibroblasts with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression>Lymphangiogenesis> Human adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts were expanded by adhesion culture in a cell culture dish. Bright-field observation showed that the cultured human adult-derived lung fibroblasts had a spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology (Fig. 9A). TNF- ⁇ (50 ng / mL) and IL-4 (2 ng / mL) were added to the cultured human adult-derived lung fibroblasts in a two-agent mixture (Factor-X) and cultured for 24 hours (Fig. 9B).
- the percentage of positive cells for fibroblast markers CD90 and VCAM-1 was evaluated by cytometry (FCM) (FIGS. 9C and 9D). Almost all human adult-derived lung fibroblasts were positive for CD90, and the CD90-positive cell rate of untreated human adult-derived lung fibroblasts (Control) was 96.00 ⁇ 4.33%. In contrast, the CD90-positive cell rate of human adult lung fibroblasts (+Factor-X) added with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 was 95.56 ⁇ 4.51%. Also, the CD106-positive cell rate for Control was 6.03 ⁇ 1.91%, while the CD106-positive cell rate for +Factor-X was 31.96 ⁇ 5.78%.
- Example B2 Lymphangiogenesis effect of fibroblasts with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression> Human pulmonary microvessels containing lymphatic endothelial cells collected from human lung-derived cells to evaluate the lymphangiogenic effect of human-derived adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts (VPF) with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression Endothelial cells were expanded. By bright-field observation, the cultured cells showed a cobblestone-like morphology (Fig.
- lymphatic endothelial cells that are both positive for VE-Cadherin, which is an endothelial cell marker, and PDPN, which is a lymphatic endothelial cell marker. Lymphatic endothelial cells collected from human lung-derived cells and various human adult-derived lung fibroblasts were co-cultured, and lymphatic vessels were observed by immunofluorescence staining.
- Example B3 Effect of treating interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis by fibroblasts with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression>
- a syngeneic transplantation experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts treated with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4, which have strong lymphangiogenic effects, in treating pulmonary interstitial lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis.
- Lung-derived fibroblasts were harvested from C57BL/6 adult mice and expanded. Brightfield observation showed that the cultured primary adult-derived lung fibroblasts had a spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology (FIG. 11A).
- TNF- ⁇ 50 ng / mL
- IL-4 2 ng / mL
- the CD106 positive cell rate of each mouse adult lung fibroblast was evaluated by FCM (Fig. 11B).
- Example B4 Effect of treating interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis by fibroblasts with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression>
- Kaplan-meier survival analysis evaluated the effect on life prognosis in each group, and the survival rate on Day 28 was 40.00% (Control), 37.50% (+PFs), and 80.00% (+VPFs), respectively.
- Fig. 12B the median survival time was 14.5 days (Control), 14 days (+PFs), and undefined due to 80% individual survival (+VPFs), indicating an improvement in life prognosis by VPF administration.
- the lungs were collected, the lung tissue of each group was stained with Sirius red, and the degree of progression of alveolar structure and fibrosis was evaluated by pathological observation. No clear compartment was observed, and a fibrotic area was confirmed mainly around the bronchi, whereas in the +VPFs group, a clear alveolar compartment was observed, and no fibrotic area was observed (Fig. 12C).
- Example B5 Administration of mVPF to mouse interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model and evaluation of therapeutic effect 2 weeks after administration> Furthermore, mPF, mVPF or physiological saline (Ctrl) was administered to mouse interstitial pneumonia / pulmonary fibrosis model mice, respectively, and the survival rate of 2 weeks after administration was comparatively evaluated. Individual deaths were confirmed and the survival rate was 63.64% (7/11 cases) (Fig. 13A). On the other hand, in the mPF-administered group, 1 death was confirmed on Day 7 and 1 on Day 9, and the survival rate was 71.43% (5/7 cases). Furthermore, in the mVPF-administered group, not a single death was confirmed, and the survival rate was 100% (5/5 cases).
- fibrosis area was smaller in the mVPF-administered group than in the mPF-administered group. From these results, it was found that syngeneic transplantation and administration of mVPF increased the survival rate of the bleomycin-administered mouse interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model and suppressed the progression of fibrosis.
- Example B6 Isolation of rat lung fibroblasts and preparation of VCAM-1 positive rat lung fibroblasts> Lung fibroblasts (rPF) were isolated from WKY/NCrlCrlj rats and expanded in DMEM (Low Glucose) medium (Fig. 14A). Next, rat recombinant TNF- ⁇ (final concentration: 50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (final concentration: 2 ng/mL) were added to rPF to try to prepare rVPF (Fig. 14B).
- rPF Lung fibroblasts
- rPF had a VCAM-1 (CD106) positive cell rate of 25.18%, whereas rVPF prepared by adding TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 had a positive cell rate of 80.02%. (Fig. 14C). Therefore, rPF showed responsiveness to TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 in the same manner as mPF, and it was found that rVPF could be produced.
- Example B7 Administration of rVPF to rat interstitial pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis model and evaluation of therapeutic effect 2 weeks after administration> Rat interstitial pneumonia / pulmonary fibrosis model mice were administered rPF, rVPF or physiological saline (Ctrl), respectively, and the survival rate of 2 weeks after administration was comparatively evaluated. Two weeks after administration of physiological saline, no dead or moribund animals were observed in any group, and therefore no difference in survival rate between groups was observed. On the other hand, Masson's Trichrome staining of the lung tissue sampled 14 days after the cell administration was performed, and pathological observation was performed. As a result, a large difference was confirmed between the groups.
- Example B8 Cellular characterization of human lung fibroblasts with enhanced VCAM-1 expression>
- Human adult-derived pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF) were expanded by adhesion culture in a cell culture dish.
- TNF- ⁇ (50 ng/mL) and IL-4 (2 ng/mL) were added to the cultured hPF in a two-agent mixture (Factor-X) and cultured for 72 hours to prepare hPF+CKs.
- hPF+CKs were subjected to cell sorting using VCAM-1 (CD106) as an indicator to prepare hVPF.
- the positive cell rate of fibroblast markers CD90 and VCAM-1 (CD106) was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM) (Fig. 16A).
- hPF + CKs has a significantly higher CD106 positive cell rate than hPF
- hVPF has a significantly higher positive cell rate than hPF + CKs. was found to be high (Fig. 16B).
- hVPF + CKs had a significantly higher DP than hPF
- hVPF had a significantly higher DP than hPF + CKs (Fig. 16B).
- fibroblasts treated with TNF- ⁇ and IL-4 improved the ADM high expression and VCAM-1 positive cell rate of fibroblasts, and also improved the ADM high expression and VCAM-1 expression.
- Fibroblasts have been found to promote continuous lymphatic angiogenesis due to their enhanced lymphangiogenic potential.
- Syngeneic intravenous administration of the fibroblasts, especially the lung-derived fibroblasts significantly improved the survival prognosis of interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis in mice, indicating that these cells are effective in improving fibrosis.
- adult-derived fibroblasts with high ADM expression and enhanced VCAM-1 expression, especially VPF were suggested to have ameliorating and preventive effects on pulmonary fibrosis both as autologous and allogeneic cell medicines. Therefore, intravenous administration of adult-derived fibroblasts with high ADM expression and improved VCAM-1 expression, particularly VPF, is expected as a novel therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis including IPF, which is known as a disease with poor prognosis.
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Abstract
Description
近年、リンパ管の形成促進効果(以下、リンパ管新生と呼ぶ)は心筋虚血及び心筋梗塞後の心拍出量回復のための治療標的として有用であることが報告されており、また、浮腫を軽減させるための治療ターゲットとしても注目されている(非特許文献1)。
これらの問題点を克服するために、結合組織成長因子、インターロイキン(IL)-4及びIL-13抗体、ガレクチン-3阻害剤、リゾホスファチジン酸受容体拮抗剤、ホスホイノシトイド3キナーゼ経路阻害剤、間葉系幹細胞(MSC)を始めとする数十種類の新規治療薬が開発されており、そのいくつかは臨床試験が進行しているが、肺線維症の急性増悪に対しては、現時点では有効な治療法が存在しない。
(A1)ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物。
(A2)前記線維芽細胞が成体由来の線維芽細胞である、(A1)に記載の医薬組成物。
(A3)前記細胞のADM及び/又はHHEXの遺伝子発現量が、対照となる線維芽細胞と比較して、1.20倍以上高いものである、(A1)又は(A2)に記載の医薬組成物。
(A4)線維症を治療するための、(A1)~(A3)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A5)リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善するための、(A1)~(A4)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A6)組織液の恒常性の障害を改善するための、(A1)~(A5)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A7)浮腫を軽減するための、(A1)~(A6)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A8)脂質及び/又はビタミンの輸送能の障害を改善するための、(A1)~(A7)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A9)免疫監視機構を活性化するための、(A1)~(A8)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A10)注射用組成物である、(A1)~(A9)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A11)前記細胞が、平面状又は立体状の細胞組織として構築されたものである、(A1)~(A9)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(A12)前記線維芽細胞が心臓由来の線維芽細胞である、(A1)~(A11)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(B1)対象において、線維症を治療する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B2)対象において、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B3)対象において、組織液の恒常性の障害を改善する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B4)対象において、浮腫を軽減する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B5)対象において、脂質及び/又はビタミンの輸送能の障害を改善する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B6)対象において、免疫監視機構を活性化する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(B7)対象において、臓器不全を治療する方法であって、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(C1)ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物の、不全臓器組織及び/若しくはその周辺領域、又は線維化組織及び/若しくはその周辺領域に投与するための注射剤としての使用。
(C2)ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物の、不全臓器組織及び/若しくはその周辺領域、又は線維化組織及び/若しくはその周辺領域に移植するための移植材料としての使用。
(D1)ADM高発現の線維芽細胞の製造方法であって、
線維芽細胞に、TNF-α及びIL-4を接触させること、並びに
前記接触させた線維芽細胞を、ADMが高発現になり得る条件下で培養すること、
を含む、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞の製造方法。
(D2)前記線維芽細胞が、VEGF-C高発現である、(D1)に記載の方法。
(D3)前記線維芽細胞が、CD106陽性である、(D1)又は(D2)に記載の方法。
(D4)抗CD106抗体を用いて、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞を選択又は濃縮することを含む、(D3)に記載の方法。
(D5)前記線維芽細胞が肺由来の線維芽細胞である、(D1)~(D4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(D6)(D1)~(D5)のいずれかに記載する製造方法によって得られる、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞。
(D7)(D6)に記載する細胞を含む、線維芽細胞集団。
(E1)ADM高発現の線維芽細胞。
(E2)VEGF-C高発現である、(E1)に記載の線維芽細胞。
(E3)CD106陽性である、(E1)又は(E2)に記載の線維芽細胞。
(E4)前記細胞のVEGF-C及び/又はADMの遺伝子発現量が、対照となる線維芽細胞と比較して、それぞれ1.20倍以上高いものである、(E1)~(E3)のいずれかに記載の細胞。
(E5)前記線維芽細胞が肺由来の線維芽細胞である、(E1)~(E4)のいずれかに記載の細胞。
(E6)(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞を含む、線維芽細胞集団。
(E7)CD106陽性である肺由来線維芽細胞を含む細胞集団であって、
前記CD106陽性である肺由来線維芽細胞の割合(細胞数基準)が、前記細胞集団中に含まれる全線維芽細胞に対して18.01%超である、細胞集団。
(F1)(D6)及び(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞又は(D7)及び(E6)~(E7)のいずれかに記載の細胞集団を含む、医薬組成物。
(F2)肺疾患を治療するための、(F1)に記載の医薬組成物。
(F3)前記肺疾患が、肺線維症又は間質性肺炎である、(F2)に記載の医薬組成物。
(F4)リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善するための、(F1)に記載の医薬組成物。
(F5)注射用組成物である、(F1)~(F4)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(F6)前記細胞または前記細胞集団が、平面又は立体の形状の細胞組織として構築されたものである、(F1)~(F4)のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
(G1)対象において、肺疾患を治療する方法であって、(D6)及び(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞、(D7)及び(E6)~(E7)のいずれかに記載の細胞集団又は(F1)に記載の医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(G2)前記肺疾患が、肺線維症又は間質性肺炎である、(G1)に記載の方法。
(G3)対象において、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善する方法であって、(D6)及び(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞、(D7)及び(E6)~(E7)のいずれかに記載の細胞集団又は(F1)に記載の医薬組成物を、該対象に投与又は移植することを含む、方法。
(H1)(D6)及び(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞、(D7)及び(E6)~(E7)のいずれかに記載の細胞集団又は(F1)に記載の医薬組成物の、肺組織及び/又はその周辺領域に投与するための注射剤としての使用。
(H2)(D6)及び(E1)~(E5)のいずれかに記載の細胞、(D7)及び(E6)~(E7)のいずれかに記載の細胞集団又は(F1)に記載の医薬組成物の、肺組織及び/又はその周辺領域に移植するための移植材料としての使用。
第1の発明の一実施形態は、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物である。
線維芽細胞の由来臓器は、例えば、心臓由来、腎臓由来、皮膚由来、肺由来などが挙げられる。
線維芽細胞は、特に限定されないが、成体由来であることが好ましい。
ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞の由来となる線維芽細胞は、ADM及び/又はHHEXはもともと一定量発現していてもよく、全く発現していなくてもよい。
また、本実施形態において線維芽細胞とは、通常の線維芽細胞が発現している細胞表面マーカーを発現している細胞のことであってもよく、さらに後述の本発明の細胞の製造方法によって、追加で他のマーカーが発現した又は一部のマーカーが発現していない細胞であってもよい。
なお、対照となる線維芽細胞のmRNA発現量とは、未処置の線維芽細胞におけるmRNA発現量であってもよく、また処置後の細胞全体の平均mRNA発現量であってもよい。
またタンパク質発現量をフローサイトメトリ法によって測定した時に、ADMポジティブ(以下、ADM+とも言う)線維芽細胞の割合が細胞数基準でそれぞれ0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
なお、対照となる線維芽細胞のmRNA発現量とは、未処置の線維芽細胞におけるmRNA発現量であってもよく、また処置後の細胞全体の平均mRNA発現量であってもよい。
またタンパク質発現量をフローサイトメトリ法によって測定した時に、HHEXポジティブ(以下、HHEX+とも言う)線維芽細胞の割合が細胞数基準でそれぞれ0.03%以上であってよく、0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
リンパ管新生促進因子の有する塩基配列やアミノ酸配列は特に限定されないが、例えば、ADMは、配列番号1で表される塩基配列を有する遺伝子、又はその塩基配列と90%以上、95%以上若しくは98%以上同一の塩基配列を有する遺伝子であって、配列番号1で表される塩基配列の全体又は一部に対する相補配列とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ、リンパ管新生能を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子であってもよく、HHEXは、配列番号2で表される塩基配列を有する遺伝子、又はその塩基配列と90%以上、95%以上若しくは98%以上同一の塩基配列を有する遺伝子であって、配列番号2で表される塩基配列の全体又は一部に対する相補配列とストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、かつ、リンパ管新生能を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子であってもよい。
本実施形態において、後述のADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞の製造方法によって製造された線維芽細胞を含む線維芽細胞集団のうちCD106陽性細胞の割合は高くてもよいが、その逆は必ずしも成り立たなくてもよい。
線維芽細胞の準備において、線維芽細胞の由来は特に限定はされず、既に述べたとおりである。一方で、自己由来の細胞であってよく、例えば心臓疾患を患っている患者の心臓組織から単離した心臓線維芽細胞や、患者の成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した腎臓線維芽細胞を準備する。また、自己の細胞由来のiPS細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。加えて、自己以外の細胞であってよく、例えば心臓細胞を提供するドナー由来の心臓組織や、動物等を利用して作製した心臓組織から単離した心臓線維芽細胞や、ドナーの成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した心臓線維芽細胞を準備する。また、ドナー由来のiPS細胞やES細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。
準備された線維芽細胞は、典型的にはディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により処理されることで分離され得る。分離はディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により行われる他、必要とされる分離が可能であれば、その他の処理、例えば機械的処理であってよい。
線維芽細胞にTNF-α及びIL-4を接触させること、並びに前記接触させた線維芽細胞を、ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現になり得る条件下で培養すること、を含むものである。
また、IL-4の添加量は特段限定されないが、通常0.1ng/mL以上であり、0.5ng/mL以上であってよく、1ng/mL以上であってよく、2ng/mL以上であってよい。上限は特に限定されず、通常10ng/mL以下であり、5ng/mL以下であってよく、1ng/mL以下であってよい。
添加するTNF-αとIL-4の比(重量比)は、TNF-α:IL-4で通常10000:1~1:1であり、50000:1~10:1であってもよい。また、1:1~1:10000であり、1:10~1:50000であってもよい。
線維芽細胞の培養は、線維芽細胞がADM及び/又はHHEXポジティブになり得る条件下であれば特段限定されず、既知の細胞培養方法により行ってよい。
培養期間は、培養した細胞が所望の細胞数となるまで、及び/又は培養した細胞が所望の機能が備わるまで等の目的に応じて培養時間や培養日数を適宜設定できる。例えば、1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間、5時間、6時間、7時間、8時間、9時間、10時間、11時間、12時間、15時間、18時間、21時間、1日、2日、3日、4日、5日、6日、7日、8日、9日、10日、2週間、1か月、2か月、3か月、6か月等の期間があげられる。
培養温度は、培養する細胞の種類に合わせて適宜設定可能であるが、例えば10℃以上、15℃以上、20℃以上、25℃以上、30℃以上であってよく、また60℃以下、55℃以下、50℃以下、45℃以下、40℃以下であってよい。
培養は複数回行ってもよい。例えば選択又は濃縮により所望の線維芽細胞の純度を向上させ、その都度培養を行うことができる。
抗CD106抗体は、既知のものを使用することが可能であり、市販品を入手して使用できる。
抗CD106抗体を用いて選択又は濃縮することで、線維芽細胞集団におけるCD106陽性線維芽細胞の割合を増加させることができ、さらにはADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞の割合を増加させることができる。
臓器不全としては、臓器が期待される機能を実行しない状態のこと及び/又は臨床的介入なしには正常な恒常性を維持できない程度の臓器機能障害のことを言う。具体的な臓器としては、特に限定されないが、例えば心臓、腎臓、副腎、甲状腺、副甲状腺、声帯、胸腺、大脳、小脳、脳幹、脊髄、末梢神経、皮膚、筋肉、眼球、舌、食道、胃、胆嚢、胆管、膵臓、膵管、肝臓、脾臓、小腸、大腸、直腸、肛門、気管、気管支、肺、膀胱、尿管、前立腺、動脈、静脈、リンパ管、リンパ節、骨、骨髄、軟骨、腱、歯、睾丸、精管、陰茎、子宮、卵巣、卵管、膣などが挙げられる。例えば、心臓や腎臓において臓器不全とは、臓器の機能が正常時と比較して低下した状態のことであってもよく、特に臓器の機能が正常時と比較して30%以下に低下した状態のことであってもよい。
本実施形態の医薬組成物を生体内に投与又は移植することにより、線維症を治療又は改善することができる。線維症の発症部位は特に限定されず、例えば、心臓、肺、腎臓などが挙げられる。
注射の方法は特段限定されず、有針注射、無針注射等既知の注射手法を適用することができ、注入に用いるカテーテルの方法も既知の方法を適用することができ、特段限定されない。
本実施形態において、平面状又は立体状の細胞組織の大きさや形状は、壊死、損傷又は線維化した臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域及び/又は病変領域に適用できる限り特に限定されない。また平面状とは、単層又は複数層のいずれでもよい。
なお、細胞培養における培地組成、温度、湿度といった条件は、ADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞を培養することができ、かつ平面状又は立体状の細胞組織を構築できる限り特に限定されない。
このような平面状又は立体状の細胞組織を壊死、損傷又は線維化した臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域に適用することで、又は人工臓器として壊死、損傷又は線維化した臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域と交換することで、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善することや、組織液の恒常性の障害や脂質及び/又はビタミンの輸送能の障害を改善することや、免疫監視機構を活性化することや、臓器不全を治療することや、線維症を治療若しくは改善することができる。
医薬組成物中に他の線維芽細胞を含む場合、例えば、医薬組成物に含まれる線維芽細胞全量に対し、ADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞の割合は細胞数基準で0.03%以上であってよく、0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
また、ヒト由来の線維芽細胞を用いた場合、医薬組成物に含まれるADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞数において、対照となる線維芽細胞のADM及び/又はHHEX発現量に対する、ADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞のADM及び/又はHHEX発現量は、1.20倍以上、1.40倍以上、1.50倍以上、1.60倍以上、1.70倍以上、1.80倍以上、1.90倍以上、2.00倍以上、3.00倍以上、4.00倍以上、5.00倍以上、6.00倍以上、7.00倍以上、8.00倍以上、9.00倍以上、10.0倍以上であってよい。
また、医薬組成物に含まれるADM及び/又はHHEX+線維芽細胞数は、例えば1.0×102cells/mL以上、1.0×103cells/mL以上、1.0×104cells/mL以上、1.0×105cells/mL以上、1.0×106cells/mL以上、5.0×106cells/mL以上、1.0×107cells/mL以上とすることができる。注射用組成物に含まれるCD106陽性線維芽細胞数は、疾患の程度に応じてさらに増減させてもよい。
また、第1の発明の別の実施形態としては、上記ADM及び/若しくはHHEX高発現細胞を含む医薬組成物を、不全臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域に投与又は移植することにより、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善することや、組織液の恒常性の障害改善や、浮腫を軽減することや、脂質及び/又はビタミンの輸送能の障害を改善することや、免疫監視機構を活性化することや、臓器不全を治療する方法であり得る。
第2の発明の一実施形態は、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞である。本実施形態の線維芽細胞は、好ましくはCD106陽性である。さらにVEGF-C高発現であってもよい。
線維芽細胞の由来臓器は、例えば、肺由来、心臓由来、腎臓由来、皮膚由来などが挙げられる。
線維芽細胞は、特に限定されないが、成体由来であることが好ましい。
本実施形態の細胞の由来となる線維芽細胞は、VEGF-CやADMをもともと一定量発現していてもよく、全く発現していなくてもよい。
また、本実施形態において線維芽細胞とは、通常の線維芽細胞が発現している細胞表面マーカーを発現している細胞のことであってもよく、さらに後述の本発明の細胞の製造方法によって、追加で他のマーカーが発現した又は一部のマーカーが発現していない細胞であってもよい。
なお、対照となる線維芽細胞のmRNA発現量とは、未処置の線維芽細胞におけるmRNA発現量であってもよく、また処置後の細胞全体の平均mRNA発現量であってもよい。
またタンパク質発現量をフローサイトメトリ法によって測定した時に、VEGF-Cポジティブ(以下、VEGF-C+とも言う)線維芽細胞の割合が細胞数基準でそれぞれ0.03%以上であってよく、0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
なお、対照となる線維芽細胞のmRNA発現量とは、未処置の線維芽細胞におけるmRNA発現量であってもよく、また処置後の細胞全体の平均mRNA発現量であってもよい。
またタンパク質発現量をフローサイトメトリ法によって測定した時に、ADMポジティブ(以下、ADM+とも言う)線維芽細胞の割合が細胞数基準でそれぞれ0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
線維芽細胞の準備において、線維芽細胞の由来は特に限定はされず、既に述べたとおりである。一方で、自己由来の細胞であってよく、例えば肺疾患を患っている患者の肺組織から単離した肺線維芽細胞や、患者の成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した肺線維芽細胞を準備してもよい。また、自己の細胞由来のiPS細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。加えて、自己以外の細胞であってよく、例えば肺細胞を提供するドナー由来の肺組織や、動物等を利用して作製した肺組織から単離した肺線維芽細胞や、ドナーの成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した肺線維芽細胞を準備してもよい。また、ドナー由来のiPS細胞やES細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。
準備された線維芽細胞は、典型的にはディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により処理されることで分離され得る。分離はディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により行われる他、必要とされる分離が可能であれば、その他の処理、例えば機械的処理であってよい。
線維芽細胞を、TNF-α及びIL-4と、後述の方法で接触させてもよく、所望の細胞数となるまで、及び/又は所望の機能が備わるまで等の目的で、培養に供してもよい。培養の条件に制限はなく、既知の細胞培養方法により行ってよい。
培養に用いられる培地は、培養する細胞の種類等により適宜設定可能であるが、例えば、HFDM-1(+)、DMEM、α-MEM、RPMI-1640等が使用可能である。該培地にNBCS、FCSやFBS等の栄養物質や増殖因子、サイトカイン、抗生物質等を添加してもよい。さらに、TNF-α及びIL-4を含む培地で培養してもよい。
培養期間は、培養した細胞が所望の細胞数となるまで、及び/又は培養した細胞が所望の機能が備わるまで等の目的に応じて培養時間や培養日数を適宜設定できる。例えば、1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間、5時間、6時間、7時間、8時間、9時間、10時間、11時間、12時間、15時間、18時間、21時間、1日、2日、3日、4日、5日、6日、7日、8日、9日、10日、2週間、1か月、2か月、3か月、6か月等の期間があげられる。
培養温度は、培養する細胞の種類に合わせて適宜設定可能であるが、例えば10℃以上、15℃以上、20℃以上、25℃以上、30℃以上であってよく、また60℃以下、55℃以下、50℃以下、45℃以下、40℃以下であってよい。
培養は複数回行ってもよい。例えば選択又は濃縮により所望の線維芽細胞の純度を向上させ、その都度培養を行うことができる。
培養した線維芽細胞の回収は、トリプシン等のプロテアーゼにより細胞を剥離して回収してよいが、温度応答性培養皿を使用して、温度変化により細胞を剥離させ、回収してもよく、セルスクレーパーなどの器具を使用して細胞を剥離させ、回収してもよい。
また、IL-4の添加量は特段限定されないが、通常0.1ng/mL以上であり、0.5ng/mL以上であってよく、1ng/mL以上であってよく、2ng/mL以上であってよい。上限は特に限定されず、通常10ng/mL以下であり、5ng/mL以下であってよく、2ng/mL以下であってよい。
添加するTNF-αとIL-4の比(重量比)は、TNF-α:IL-4で通常10000:1~1:1であり、50000:1~10:1であってもよい。また、1:1~1:10000であり、1:10~1:50000であってもよい。
線維芽細胞の培養は、線維芽細胞がADM高発現になり得る条件下であれば特段限定されず、既知の細胞培養方法により行ってよい。また、VEGF-C高発現になり得る条件下であってもよい。CD106陽性になり得る条件下であることが好ましい。上記線維芽細胞の製造方法における(線維芽細胞の培養)の項に記載される方法が例示される。
抗CD106抗体は、既知のものを使用することが可能であり、市販品を入手して使用できる。
抗CD106抗体を用いて選択又は濃縮することで、線維芽細胞集団におけるADM高発現の線維芽細胞の割合を増加させることができる。
別の実施形態としては、上述のADM高発現の線維芽細胞により得られた細胞を含む、線維芽細胞集団であってもよい。
第2の発明の別の実施形態は、CD106陽性の肺由来線維芽細胞を含む細胞集団である。本実施形態の線維芽細胞は、ADM高発現であってもよく、VEGF-C高発現であってもよい。
線維芽細胞は、特に限定されないが、成体由来であることが好ましい。
本実施形態の細胞の由来となる線維芽細胞は、VEGF-CやADMをもともと一定量発現していてもよく、全く発現していなくてもよい。
また、本実施形態において線維芽細胞とは、通常の線維芽細胞が発現している細胞表面マーカーを発現している細胞のことであってもよく、さらに後述の本発明の細胞の製造方法によって、追加で他のマーカーが発現した又は一部のマーカーが発現していない細胞であってもよい。
線維芽細胞の準備において、線維芽細胞の由来は特に限定はされず、既に述べたとおりである。一方で、自己由来の細胞であってよく、例えば肺疾患を患っている患者の肺組織から単離した肺線維芽細胞や、患者の成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した肺線維芽細胞を準備してもよい。また、自己の細胞由来のiPS細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。加えて、自己以外の細胞であってよく、例えば肺細胞を提供するドナー由来の肺組織や、動物等を利用して作製した肺組織から単離した肺線維芽細胞や、ドナーの成体(体性)幹細胞を分化させて単離した肺線維芽細胞を準備してもよい。また、ドナー由来のiPS細胞やES細胞等の多能性幹細胞を分化させて、回収した線維芽細胞であってもよい。
準備された線維芽細胞は、典型的にはディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により処理されることで分離され得る。分離はディスパーゼ、コラゲナーゼのような酵素により行われる他、必要とされる分離が可能であれば、その他の処理、例えば機械的処理であってよい。
線維芽細胞を、TNF-α及びIL-4と、後述の方法で接触させてもよく、所望の細胞数となるまで、及び/又は所望の機能が備わるまで等の目的で、培養に供してもよい。培養の条件に制限はなく、既知の細胞培養方法により行ってよい。
培養に用いられる培地は、培養する細胞の種類等により適宜設定可能であるが、例えば、HFDM-1(+)、DMEM、α-MEM、RPMI-1640等が使用可能である。該培地にNBCS、FCSやFBS等の栄養物質や増殖因子、サイトカイン、抗生物質等を添加してもよい。さらに、TNF-α及びIL-4を含む培地で培養してもよい。
培養期間は、培養した細胞が所望の細胞数となるまで、及び/又は培養した細胞が所望の機能が備わるまで等の目的に応じて培養時間や培養日数を適宜設定できる。例えば、1時間、2時間、3時間、4時間、5時間、6時間、7時間、8時間、9時間、10時間、11時間、12時間、15時間、18時間、21時間、1日、2日、3日、4日、5日、6日、7日、8日、9日、10日、2週間、1か月、2か月、3か月、6か月等の期間があげられる。
培養温度は、培養する細胞の種類に合わせて適宜設定可能であるが、例えば10℃以上、15℃以上、20℃以上、25℃以上、30℃以上であってよく、また60℃以下、55℃以下、50℃以下、45℃以下、40℃以下であってよい。
培養は複数回行ってもよい。例えば選択又は濃縮により所望の線維芽細胞の純度を向上させ、その都度培養を行うことができる。
培養した線維芽細胞の回収は、トリプシン等のプロテアーゼにより細胞を剥離して回収してよいが、温度応答性培養皿を使用して、温度変化により細胞を剥離させ、回収してもよく、セルスクレーパーなどの器具を使用して細胞を剥離させ、回収してもよい。
線維芽細胞がCD106陽性である場合、線維芽細胞はCD106陽性線維芽細胞の選択又は濃縮に供してもよい。選択又は濃縮を経ずともCD106陽性線維芽細胞を入手できる場合には、選択又は濃縮は省略し得る。CD106陽性線維芽細胞の選択又は濃縮には、抗CD106抗体(抗VCAM-1抗体)を用いた、フローサイトメトリ法、磁気ビーズ法、アフィニティーカラム法、又はパニング法等の方法が例示される。具体的には磁気細胞分離法(MACS)や蛍光標識細胞分離法(FACS)などを用いることができる。抗CD106抗体は市販のものを用いてよく、また既知の方法により作製したものを用いてもよい。また、モノクローナル抗体又はポリクローナル抗体のいずれを用いてもよいが、特異性の観点からモノクローナル抗体を用いることが好ましい。更には、薬剤耐性遺伝子を導入し、CD106陰性線維芽細胞を除外することで、CD106陽性線維芽細胞を得てもよい。また、蛍光タンパク質コード遺伝子を導入し、蛍光タンパク質ポジティブ細胞を、FACSなどを用いて単離してもよい。また、リアルタイムPCR、次世代シーケンサー及びin situハイブリダイゼーション等の手法を用いて、細胞におけるCD106遺伝子の発現を確認し、CD106遺伝子の発現群を単離してもよい。
第2の発明の別の実施形態は、上記ADM高発現の線維芽細胞又はその細胞集団を含む医薬組成物、又は上記CD106陽性の肺由来線維芽細胞の細胞集団を含む医薬組成物である。本実施形態の線維芽細胞は、好ましくはCD106陽性である。さらにVEGF-C高発現であってもよい。
ADM及びVEGF-Cはリンパ管新生因子であるため、例えば、本実施形態の医薬組成物を生体の肺などの臓器またはその周辺領域に投与又は移植することにより、肺などの臓器においてリンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善することができる。そのため、特に限定されないが、例えば肺などの臓器において、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善することができる。特に肺線維症又は間質性肺炎といった肺疾患の治療に有用である。本実施形態において、線維芽細胞の由来は特に限定されないが、好ましくは肺由来である。
注射の方法は特段限定されず、有針注射、無針注射等既知の注射手法を適用することができ、注入に用いるカテーテルの方法も既知の方法を適用することができ、特段限定されない。
本実施形態において、平面状又は立体状の細胞組織の大きさや形状は、損傷又は線維化した肺組織及び/又はその周辺領域及び/又は病変領域に適用できる限り特に限定されない。また平面状とは、単層又は複数層のいずれでもよい。
なお、細胞培養における培地組成、温度、湿度といった条件は、VEGF-C及び/又はADM高発現のCD106陽性線維芽細胞を培養することができ、かつ平面状又は立体状の細胞組織を構築できる限り特に限定されない。例えば、上記線維芽細胞の製造方法における(線維芽細胞の培養)及び/又は(線維芽細胞の回収)の項に記載した培養条件に準じるものが例示できる。
このような平面状又は立体状の細胞組織を、損傷又は線維化した臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域に適用することで、又は人工臓器として、損傷又は線維化した臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域と交換することで、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善することや、肺線維症又は間質性肺炎といった肺疾患を治療することができる。
医薬組成物中に他の線維芽細胞を含む場合、例えば、医薬組成物に含まれる線維芽細胞全量に対し、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞の割合は細胞数基準で0.03%以上であってよく、0.1%以上であってよく、1%以上であってよく、2%以上であってよく、4%以上であってよく、5%以上であってよく、10%以上であってよく、20%以上であってよく、30%以上であってよく、40%以上であってよく、50%以上であってよく、60%以上であってよく、70%以上であってよく、80%以上であってよく、90%以上であってよく、95%以上であってよく、98%以上であってよく、99%以上であってよい。
また、第2の発明の別の実施形態としては、上記ADM高発現の線維芽細胞、その細胞集団、CD106陽性の肺由来線維芽細胞の細胞集団、またはこれらを含む医薬組成物を、肺などの臓器組織及び/又はその周辺領域に投与又は移植することにより、リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善する方法であり得る。本実施形態の線維芽細胞は、好ましくはCD106陽性である。さらにVEGF-C高発現であってもよい。
<ヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞のCD106陽性細胞率の上昇>
ヒト成体心臓をScience Careから購入し、Liberase MNP-S(Roche)で酵素処理した後に、ヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を単離した。この細胞を1%新生仔ウシ血清(newborn calf serum(NBCS、Hyclone)を添加したリコンビナントヒト上皮細胞成長因子(rh-EGF)含有線維芽細胞用無血清培養液(HFDM-1(+)、Cell Science & Technology)にて培養した。5回の継代後に細胞培養皿にて培養し、未処理で培養した群(NT)と、TNF-α(50ng/mL)(Peprotech)とIL-4(2ng/mL)(Wako)を2剤混合で処置した群(+CKs)を設けた。すべての群は、1%NBCSを添加したHFDM-1(+)を基本培地とし、1日間(24時間)培養した。
線維芽細胞は、BV421 マウス抗ヒトCD106(VCAM1)抗体(BD Biosciences)とヒトCD90-PE(Miltenyi Biotec、Bergisch Gladbach、Germany)で免疫蛍光染色した。アイソタイプコントロールは、BV421 マウスIgG1;κアイソタイプコントロール(BD Biosciences)とREAコントロール(S)-PE(Miltenyi Biotec)を用いた。細胞は生細胞のまま抗体と30分間、4℃で反応させた。
免疫蛍光染色した細胞はフローサイトメーター(MACSQuant Analyzer 10、Miltenyi Biotec)で解析した。FSC-A及びSSC-Aで細胞領域を認識後、CD106タンパク質に対する陽性細胞率(%、細胞数換算)を評価した。
ヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞は、細胞培養皿にて培養し、未処理で培養した群(NT)と、TNF-α(50ng/mL)(Peprotech)とIL-4(2ng/mL)(Wako)を2剤混合で処置した群(+CKs)を設けた。すべての群は、1%NBCSを添加したHFDM-1(+)を基本培地とし、1日間(24時間)培養した。
使用したプライマーは、NCBIに公開されているヒトmRNA配列(ADM,NM_001124.3(配列番号1);HHEX,NM_002729.5(配列番号2);ACTB(β-Actin),NM_001101.5(配列番号3))を基に、最近接塩基対法で計算されるアニール温度が60℃前後であって、1つ以上のイントロンを挟むように配列を設計した(配列番号4~9)。5’ヌクレアーゼプローブ配列も同じく公開ヒトmRNA配列データを基に設計しており、このプローブのアニール温度はプライマーより5℃以上高く、またこのプローブの結合位置が、測定対象の遺伝子上における、フォワードプライマーの結合位置とリバースプライマーの結合位置の間の塩基に結合するように設計した。またプローブの5’末端には蛍光色素6-FAMを、そこから9塩基分3’側にはクエンチャー色素ZEN、そして3’末端には2つ目のクエンチャー色素Iowa Black FQを結合させたデュアルクエンチャープローブとし、RT-PCR解析におけるバックグラウンドシグナルを低減させている(配列番号10~12)。以上のプライマーとプローブは全てIntegrated DNA Technologies社に合成を委託した(表1)。
心臓線維芽細胞からの全RNAの抽出は、Qiagen RNeasy Plus Mini Kit(QIAGEN)を用いて行った。その際、細胞ライセートの調製はQIAshredder(QIAGEN)を用いて行い、DNase処理を含めたその他の操作は、キットのメーカーの推奨プロトコルに従った。得られた全RNAの濃度測定は、Nanodrop One/One分光光度計(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いて、波長260nmにおける吸光度を測定した。同時に、タンパク質の混入度を示すA260/A280の値を算出し、A260/A280>2.0であることを確認した。
One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix,with UNG Kit(TaKaRa)を用いて、逆転写反応とRT-PCRを同じチューブでまとめて行った。反応は、1×One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix,with UNG、0.2μM Forward & Reverseプライマー、0.2μM 特異的プローブ、10ng 鋳型RNA溶液を含む反応液(総量12.5μL)で行った。最初に52℃で5分間加温することにより逆転写反応を行い、その後、逆転写酵素を失活させるために95℃で10秒間加熱した。続いて95℃で5秒間、60℃で30秒間を加熱するサイクルを40回繰り返し、サイクルごとの蛍光強度を測定した。一連の反応と測定は、Thermal Cycler Dice Real Time System 3(TaKaRa)を用いて行った。同時に、検量線作成のための標品として、ADMとHHEXの発現を確認済のサンプルより抽出したRNA溶液を用い、1μgから10倍ずつ4段階希釈したRNA溶液を用いて上記の測定を行った。すべてのサンプルは、N=3で測定を行った。
PCR終了後、得られた増幅曲線について標的遺伝子ごとに蛍光強度のベースラインと閾値を設定し、その閾値に蛍光シグナルが到達したサイクル数(Ct値)をサンプルごとに求めた。これらの解析はThermal Cycler Dice Real Time System 3 Software(TaKaRa)を用いて行った。それぞれの遺伝子の検量線は、相関係数が0.98以上で増幅効率が90%以上であり検量線として十分と考えられたため、対象サンプルのCt値を検量線に当てはめ目的とする遺伝子のmRNA含有量を相対値として算出した。この相対値をβ-Actinの値で標準化した。
リンパ管の脈管形成アッセイは、当業者に既知の手法により、心臓由来細胞から回収したヒトリンパ管内皮細胞と各種のヒト心臓線維芽細胞を共培養し、各種の心臓線維芽細胞による心臓リンパ管新生効果の評価を行った(非特許文献15)。具体的には、ヒト心臓由来細胞から回収したヒトリンパ管内皮細胞と各種のヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を2.45×105cells/cm2の濃度で2:8の割合で播種し、EGM-2MV Microvascular Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 BulletKit(Lonza、Basel、Switzerland)で3日間共培養した。共培養後、細胞は4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、0.1%TritonXで膜透過処理後、免疫蛍光染色を行った。一次抗体は、抗VE-Cadherinウサギポリクローナル抗体(abcam、Cambridge、UK)と抗Vimentinマウスポリクローナル抗体(abcam)を使用した。二次抗体は、ヤギ抗ウサギIgG H&L(Alexa Fluor 488)(abcam)とヤギ抗マウスIgG H&L(Alexa Fluor 647)(abcam)を使用した。核染色はHoechst 33258 solution(同仁化学研究所、熊本、日本)で行った。染色サンプルは、IN Cell Analyzer 2200(Cytiva、Marlborough、MA)で撮影した。
定量評価は、Analyzer for ImageJ(v. 1.0.c,Gilles Carpentier,2012;available online:http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/macros/toolsets/Angiogenesis%20Analyzer.txt)を使用した。具体的には、Icy(v.2.0.3.0;BioImage Analysis Lab,Institut Pasteur)で、関心のあるチャネルを抽出し、背景をサブトラクター化した。その後、anisotropic PDE-based filter(Icyプラグイン:“Membrane Filter”,v.0.1.0.1)を適用して画像を補正し、フィルタリングされた画像のコントラストを強調して正規化し、背景を差し引くことでROIを定義した。最後に、得られた画像をAngiogenesis Analyzerマクロで解析した。詳細なプロトコルは、dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bhtaj6ieにオンラインで公開した。
定量データは、成熟リンパ管の全長とジャンクション数を図示し、NTの平均値を1として、Fold increaseで表した。
細胞は、次のメーカーから購入した:ヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞(Lonza);ヒト胎児由来心臓線維芽細胞(Cell Applications、San Diego、CA)。細胞は線維芽細胞培養培地(HFDM-1(+)medium(株式会社細胞科学研究所、宮城、日本)で拡大培養し、移植実験に用いた。
線維芽細胞は、ヒトCD106(VCAM-1)-ビオチン(Miltenyi Biotec)、またはヒトCD90-ビオチン(Miltenyi Biotec)で一次免疫染色を実施し、抗ビオチンマイクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec)で二次免疫染色した。染色した細胞は、autoMACS(Miltenyi Biotec)で、CD106とCD90陽性細胞を回収した。
本研究で行った全ての動物実験のプロトコルは、LSIメディエンス(東京、日本)の倫理審査委員会の承認を受けた。なお、全ての動物に苦痛軽減措置を実施した。
ヌードラット(F344/N Jcl-rnu/rnu)8週齢、雄は日本クレア(東京、日本)から購入した。1週間以上の馴化後、動物は実験動物用吸入麻酔器(ソフトランダー(新鋭工業株式会社、埼玉、日本)を用いて、2%イソフルラン(麻酔補助剤;笑気:酸素=7:3)で吸入麻酔し、刈毛した。すばやく気管挿管を行い、そのまま0.5-2%イソフルラン(麻酔補助剤;笑気:酸素=7:3)吸入麻酔ガスを人工呼吸器に接続して、麻酔を維持した。人工呼吸管理のもと、仰臥位に固定し、左第3肋骨から第5肋骨までの間で2~3本、肋軟骨の位置で縦方向に切断して開胸した。開創器により、術野を拡大後、心嚢膜を剥離して心臓を露出させた。左心房を持ち上げ、血管用糸付弱弯丸針(6-0:ネスコスーチャー)を用いて左心室の深さ約2mm、長さ4-5mmに糸を通した。糸の両端を合わせてポリエチレンチューブで作製したスネアを通し、動脈クレンメを用いて糸を絞り(スネア法)冠動脈を30分間虚血した。30分後、再灌流させ、状態が安定したら、出血がない事を確認し、胸腔ドレナージを行い、筋層及び皮膚を縫合した。皮膚は、皮内縫合を行うが、通常縫合を行った場合には、術後状態を観察しながら抜糸を行った。モデル作製後1週間の細胞投与日前日に、超音波画像診断装置(Xario SSA-660A、東芝メディカルシステムズ、栃木、日本)を用いて心エコーを測定した。左室駆出率(LVEF=(LVIDd3-LVIDs3)/LVIDd3)が55%以下の個体を慢性心不全モデルとみなし、線維芽細胞の投与実験を行った。
投与試験当日に凍結保存した各種の線維芽細胞を解凍し、high-glucose DMEM+10%NBCSで希釈し、生存細胞数として、各個体につき、2.0×106cells/50μLの細胞懸濁液を投与した。動物は、モデル作製時と同一の手法で麻酔を維持し、人工呼吸管理のもと、梗塞巣の2ヶ所に分けて、30G針付きカテーテルを用いて細胞懸濁液を50μL全量投与した。状態が安定した後に、投与液の漏出及び出血がない事を確認し、胸腔ドレナージを行い、筋層及び皮膚を縫合した。皮膚は、皮内縫合を行うが、通常縫合を行った場合には、術後状態を観察しながら抜糸を行った。
細胞投与18週後のラットを犠牲死し、心臓を採材した。採材した心臓は4%パラホルムアルデヒドでの固定後、パラフィン包埋によりパラフィン切片を作成し、また凍結切片を作成した。パラフィン切片は、シリウスレッド(SR)染色、ヘマトキシリン・エオジン(HE)染色を行い、またin situ hybridizationに用いた。成体由来心臓線維芽細胞投与群はバーチャルスライドスキャナ(NanoZoomer S210、浜松ホトニクス、静岡、日本)で撮像した。胎児由来心臓線維芽細胞投与群はAperio ScanScope slide scannerで撮像した。SR染色画像は、成体由来心臓線維芽細胞投与群はImage Jを用いて、胎児由来心臓線維芽細胞投与群はHALO(Indica Labs、Albuquerque、NM)で線維化領域を定量した。HE染色画像は定性的スコアリングで次の項目を評価した:Inflammatory cell aggregation、proliferation of fibroblasts、fibrosis、lime deposition、thinning of the left ventricular。病理変化の程度は、変化なし(スコア0)、軽度(スコア1)、中等度(スコア2)、重度(スコア3)として定性的に評価した。in situ hybridizationは、RNAscope Target Probe Rn-Lyve-1-C2(Bio-Techne、Minneapolis、MN)を用い、メーカー推奨プロトコルに従って染色を行った。なお、プローブの処理はHybEZ Oven(Bio-Techne)で実施した。凍結切片は、抗cardiac troponin T(cTnT)抗体(Abcam、Cambridge、UK)、抗prospero-related homeobox 1(Prox-1)抗体(Proteintech、Rosemont、IL)、及び抗Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR3)抗体(Bioss Antibodies、Woburn、MA)で免疫組織染色を行い、FV1200共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(Olympus、東京、日本)にて撮像を行った。
NT群と、+CKs群の平均値の比較は、スチューデントのt検定で統計解析を行った。
ヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を細胞培養皿にて培養し、NT群と、+CKs群を設けた。すべての群のヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞は、平らで紡錘形の形状であり、典型的な線維芽細胞様の形状であった(図1A)。
フローサイトメトリでCD90、CD106、CD90及びCD106両陽性細胞率(%)を評価したところ、NT群はそれぞれ、48.88%(CD90)、0.20%(CD106)、0.14%(両陽性、DP)であったのに対して、+CKs群はそれぞれ、57.55%(CD90)、50.78%(CD106)、34.76%(DP)となり、CD90陽性細胞率、CD106陽性細胞率、両陽性細胞率(%)が大きく向上した(図1B)。本結果より、TNF-α及びIL-4を線維芽細胞と接触させることにより、線維芽細胞のCD90、CD106、両陽性細胞率(%)が向上することが示された。
すべての群(NT群、+CKs群)の成体由来心臓線維芽細胞から全RNAを抽出し、RNAサンプルの品質チェックを行った後、プローブ検出系(5’ヌクレアーゼ法)によりmRNAコピー数と相関した蛍光強度を検出し、検量線法によりmRNAコピー数の相対量を算出した(N=3)。すべての群の線維芽細胞のADM及びHHEXの遺伝子発現量を、β-Actinの遺伝子発現量で標準化し、NT群のADM及び/又はHHEXの遺伝子発現量(平均値)を1.00として、Fold increaseで表した。その結果、ADMの発現量は、+CKs群で2.30倍向上したことが示され、有意なmRNAの発現量の差が確認された(図2A)。一方で、HHEXの発現量は、+CKs群で2.58倍向上したことが示され、すべての群間で有意なmRNAの発現量の差が確認された(図2B)。これらの結果から、TNF-α及びIL-4を線維芽細胞と接触させることにより、線維芽細胞のADM及び/又はHHEXの遺伝子発現量が向上することが示された。
TNF-αとIL-4で処理した成体由来心臓線維芽細胞のリンパ管新生効果を評価するため、リンパ管内皮細胞を含有するヒト心臓血管内皮細胞を拡大培養した。内皮細胞マーカーであるVE-cadherinとPDPNに両陽性のリンパ管内皮細胞を用いて試験を行った。
心臓由来細胞から回収したヒトリンパ管内皮細胞と各種のヒト成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を共培養し、免疫蛍光染色によってリンパ管を観察したところ、未処理の成体由来心臓線維芽細胞(NT)はリンパ管が分断された不連続な脈管形成を示すのに対し、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加し、24時間培養した成体由来心臓線維芽細胞(+CKs)は、分断されることのない連続的な脈管を形成することが明らかとなった(図3A)。また、定量解析の結果からも、+CKsは有意に成熟リンパ管の全長を伸長し、NTに対して2.21±0.76倍だった(図3B)。ジャンクション数も有意な増大が認められ、+CKsはNTに対し、1.84±0.65倍増大していた(図3B)。本結果から、TNF-αとIL-4で処理した成体由来心臓線維芽細胞はリンパ管新生効果が高い細胞であることが明らかとなった。
リンパ管新生は臓器組織の障害に伴い形成される瘢痕形成(線維症)を治療できることが多くの先行研究により報告されている。本効果を確かめるため、まず次の成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を用意した(図4):未処理の成体由来心臓線維芽細胞(A-HCF);TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加し、72時間培養した成体由来心臓線維芽細胞(uA-HCF);uA-HCFのうちCD90とCD106両陽性である細胞集団を、CD90を指標としてMACSでセルソーティングし、回収した細胞群(uA90-HCF)。なお、天然に存在するCD90及びCD106両陽性心臓線維芽細胞との比較のために、胎児由来心臓線維芽細胞を、CD106を指標としてMACSでセルソーティングし、回収した(F-VCF)。各々の線維芽細胞の特徴をFCMで評価した結果を図4に示す。
慢性心不全モデルラットに次の細胞を投与し、シリウスレッド染色で線維症領域の観察を行った(図5)。試験1:A-HCF投与群;uA-HCF投与群;uA90-HCF投与群;Control群(培地だけを投与した群);Sham群(偽手術のみを行い心不全を発症していない群)の各群において顕微鏡観察を行った(図5A及びB)。試験2:F-VCF投与群、Control群(培地だけを投与した群)の各群において顕微鏡観察を行った(図5C及びD)。その結果、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加した線維芽細胞は心筋線維化領域の面積が少なく,特にTNF-αとIL-4の効果によってCD90とCD106両陽性となった細胞集団のみを投与した群(uA90-HCF)では著しく線維化領域が小さかった。興味深いことに天然に存在するCD90及びCD106両陽性心臓線維芽細胞(F-VCF)投与群を投与した結果では線維化領域の治療効果は認められなかった。以上の結果から、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加し、人工的に作製したリンパ管新生線維芽細胞の線維症に対する機能性の違いを見出すことができた。また、各種の成体由来心臓線維芽細胞を投与した群のHE染色画像をもとに病理評価を行ったところ、SR染色結果と同様に、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加した線維芽細胞はProliferation of fibroblast、Fibrosis、Lime depositionのスコアが減少傾向にあり、特にTNF-αとIL-4の効果によってCD90とCD106両陽性となった細胞集団のみを投与した群(uA90-HCF)では著しくそれぞれの値が減少した(図6)。
次に、in situ hybridizationで、リンパ管細胞内皮マーカーであるlymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1(Lyve-1)を染色し、心筋梗塞巣に動員するリンパ管内皮細胞を観察した。その結果、SR染色やHE染色の結果と同様に、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加した線維芽細胞はリンパ管内皮細胞の動員効果(リンパ管新生効果)が高く、特にTNF-αとIL-4の効果によってCD90とCD106両陽性となった細胞集団のみを投与した群(uA90-HCF)では著しくその効果が増大した(図7)。
慢性心不全モデルラットに、線維芽細胞(A-HCF、uA-HCF、又はuA90-HCF)又はVehicle Control(培地のみ)を経心外膜心筋内投与し、各群の生体内におけるリンパ管新生を観察した(図8)。免疫組織化学的観察の結果、uA90-HCF投与群でのみリンパ管内皮細胞(LEC)マーカーであるProx-1及びVEGFR3の局在が確認できたが、他の群ではLECの局在が確認できなかった(図8)。
<ヒト肺線維芽細胞の培養とADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型線維芽細胞の作製>
ヒト成体肺線維芽細胞はPromoCell(Heidelberg、Germany)から購入し、5%(v/v)NBCS(Newborn Calf Serum)を添加した線維芽細胞培養培地(HFDM-1(+)medium(株式会社細胞科学研究所、宮城、日本)で拡大培養した。ヒト肺微小血管内皮細胞はLonza(Basel、Switzerland)から購入し、EBM-2培地(Lonza)で拡大培養した。明視野観察は、Leica DMi1(Leica GmbH、Wetzlar、Germany)で行った。
ADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型線維芽細胞を作製するために、ヒト肺線維芽細胞を細胞培養皿にて拡大培養し、未処理で培養した群(Control)と、TNF-α(50ng/mL)(Peprotech、Cranbury、NJ)とIL-4(2ng/mL)(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、大阪、日本)を2剤混合で処置した群(+Factor-X)を設けた。すべての群は、5%NBCSを添加したHFDM-1(+)を基本培地とし、1日間(24時間)培養した。
ヒト肺線維芽細胞は、ヒトCD90-PE(Miltenyi Biotec、Bergisch Gladbach、Germany)及びBV421 マウス抗ヒトCD106(BD Biosciences、San Jose、CA)で免疫蛍光染色した。アイソタイプコントロールは、REAコントロール(S)-PE(Miltenyi Biotec)及びBV421 マウスIgG1 κアイソタイプコントロール(BD Biosciences)を用いた。一方で、マウス肺線維芽細胞は、マウスCD90.2-PE(Miltenyi Biotec)及びマウスCD106(VCAM-1)-APC(Miltenyi Biotec)で免疫蛍光染色した。アイソタイプコントロールは、ラットIgG2b-PE(Miltenyi Biotec)及びラットIgG2a-APC(Miltenyi Biotec)を用いた。細胞は生細胞のまま抗体と30分間、4℃で反応させた。免疫蛍光染色した細胞はフローサイトメーター(MACSQuant Analyzer 10、Miltenyi Biotec)で解析した。FSC-A及びSSC-Aで細胞領域を認識後、CD90及びCD106タンパク質に対する陽性細胞率(%、細胞数換算)を評価した。
使用したプライマーは、NCBIに公開されているヒトmRNA配列(VEGF-C,NM_005429.5(配列番号13);ADM,NM_001124.3(配列番号1);ACTB(β-Actin),NM_001101.5(配列番号3))およびマウスmRNA配列(VEGF-C,NM_009506.2(配列番号14);ADM,NM_009627.2(配列番号15);GAPDH,NM_001289726.1(配列番号16))を基に、最近接塩基対法で計算されるアニール温度が60℃前後であって、1つ以上のイントロンを挟むように配列を設計した(配列番号17~18(ヒトVEGF-Cプライマー)、配列番号4~5(ヒトADMプライマー)、配列番号8~9(ヒトACTBプライマー)、配列番号19~24(マウスVEGF-Cプライマー、マウスADMプライマー、マウスGAPDHプライマー))。5’ヌクレアーゼプローブ配列も同じく公開ヒト及びマウスmRNA配列データを基に設計しており、このプローブのアニール温度はプライマーより5℃以上高く、またこのプローブの結合位置が、測定対象の遺伝子上における、フォワードプライマーの結合位置とリバースプライマーの結合位置の間の塩基に結合するように設計した。またプローブの5’末端には蛍光色素6-FAMを、そこから9塩基分3’側にはクエンチャー色素ZEN、そして3’末端には2つ目のクエンチャー色素Iowa Black FQを結合させたデュアルクエンチャープローブとし、RT-PCR解析におけるバックグラウンドシグナルを低減させている(配列番号25(ヒトVEGF-Cプローブ)、配列番号10(ヒトADMプローブ)、配列番号12(ヒトACTBプローブ)、配列番号26~28(マウスVEGF-Cプローブ、マウスADMプローブ、マウスGAPDHプローブ))。以上のプライマーとプローブは全てIntegrated DNA Technologies社に合成を委託した(表2)。
リアルタイム定量RT-PCRは、One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix,with UNG Kit(TaKaRa)を用いて、逆転写反応とRT-PCRを同じチューブでまとめて行った。反応は、1×One Step PrimeScript 3 RT-qPCR Mix,with UNG,0.2μM フォワード&リバースプライマー、0.2μM 特異的プローブ、10ng(ヒト肺線維芽細胞)または100ng(マウス肺線維芽細胞) 鋳型RNA溶液を含む反応液(総量15μL)で行った。最初に52℃で5分間加温することにより逆転写反応を行い、その後、逆転写酵素を失活させるために95℃で10秒間加熱した。続いて95℃で5秒間、60℃で30秒間を加熱するサイクルを40回繰り返し、サイクルごとの蛍光強度を測定した。一連の反応と測定は、7500 Rast Real-Time PCR(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いて行った。同時に、検量線作成のための標品として、ADMとVEGF-Cの発現を確認済のサンプルより抽出したRNA溶液を用い、1μgから10倍ずつ4段階希釈したRNA溶液を用いて上記の測定を行った。すべてのサンプルは、N=3で測定を行った。
PCR終了後、得られた増幅曲線について標的遺伝子ごとに蛍光強度のベースラインと閾値を設定し、その閾値に蛍光シグナルが到達したサイクル数(Ct値)をサンプルごとに求めた。それぞれの遺伝子の検量線は、相関係数が0.99以上で増幅効率が85%以上であり検量線として十分と考えられたため、対象サンプルのCt値を検量線に当てはめ目的とする遺伝子のmRNA含有量を相対値として算出した。この相対値を同様にして算出したハウスキーピング遺伝子(β-ActinまたはGAPDH)の値で標準化した。また、線維芽細胞の遺伝子発現量は、ハウスキーピング遺伝子発現量で標準化したControlの遺伝子発現量を1として、Fold increaseで表した。
リンパ管の脈管形成アッセイは、当業者に既知の手法により、ヒト肺由来細胞から回収したリンパ管内皮細胞と各種ヒト肺線維芽細胞を共培養し、各種肺線維芽細胞による肺リンパ管新生効果の評価を行った(非特許文献15)。具体的には、ヒト肺由来細胞から回収したリンパ管内皮細胞と各種ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞を2.5×105cells/cm2の濃度で1:9の割合で播種し、EBM-2培地で3日間共培養した。共培養後、細胞は4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定し、免疫蛍光染色を行った。一次抗体は、抗VE-Cadherinウサギポリクローナル抗体(abcam、Cambridge、UK)と抗Vimentinマウスポリクローナル抗体(abcam)を使用した。二次抗体は、ヤギ抗ウサギIgG H&L(Alexa Fluor 488)(abcam)とヤギ抗マウスIgG H&L(Alexa Fluor 647)(abcam)を使用した。核染色はHoechst 33258 solution(同仁化学研究所、熊本、日本)で行った。染色サンプルは、IN Cell Analyzer 2200(Cytiva、Marlborough、MA)で撮影した。
本研究で行った全ての動物実験は、ナノ医療イノベーションセンター(神奈川、日本)の倫理審査委員会の承認を受けた(動物実験計画書承認番号:A20-003)。なお、全ての動物に苦痛軽減措置を実施した。
マウスC57BL/6J(オス、10週齢)は日本チャールス・リバー(神奈川、日本)から購入した。マウス成体由来肺線維芽細胞は、肺組織から回収したプライマリー細胞であり、このプライマリー細胞を拡大培養したものである。具体的には、回収した成体マウス肺組織(C57BL/6マウス、10週齢)をメスで1mm角にミンスし、0.14 Wunsch units/mLのLiberase TM(Sigma Aldrich,St. Louis,MO)を添加して37℃インキュベータ内で酵素処理を行い、プライマリー肺線維芽細胞の単離・培養を行った。なお、培養培地は15%FBSを添加したDMEM/F12培地を用いた。明視野観察は、Leica DMi1(Leica GmbH、Wetzlar、Germany)で行った。
ADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)を作製するために、マウス成体由来肺線維芽細胞を細胞培養皿にて拡大培養し、未処理で培養した群(Control)と、リコンビナントマウスTNF-α(50ng/mL)(Peprotech)とリコンビナントマウスIL-4(2ng/mL)(Peprotech)を2剤混合で処置した群(+Factor-X)を設けた。すべての群を、15%FBSを添加したDMEM/F12培地を基本培地とし、3日間(72時間)培養することでADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)を作成した。このVPFを後述の実施例B3及びB4で用いた。
また、同様の手法により、日本チャールス・リバー(神奈川、日本)から購入したC57BL/6マウス(メス、10週齢)から肺を採材し、初代培養により肺線維芽細胞(PF)の拡大培養を行い、さらにADM高発現且つVCAM1発現向上型PF(VPF)を作製した。このVPFを後述の実施例B5で用いた。
なお、本明細書や図等において、マウス由来のPFをmPFということもあり、ラット由来のPFをrPFということもある。また、マウス由来のVPFをmVPFということもあり、ラット由来のVPFをrVPFということもある。
間質性肺炎及び肺線維症に対するADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)の治療効果を評価するため、ブレオマイシン誘導性マウスC57BL/6Jモデルを日本チャールス・リバーから購入した。ブレオマイシンによる間質性肺炎及び肺線維症の誘導は当業者に既知の手法により行った(非特許文献16)。具体的には、ブレオマイシン溶液(0.9%生理食塩液中、1U/ml)をliquid MicroSprayer(PennCentury、Wyndmoor、PA)に充填し、50mL中、2mg/kgの濃度でマウス(オス、9週齢)の肺に深麻酔下で経気道投与し、ブレオマイシン溶液の投与7日後のマウスを間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルとみなした。
間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルマウスに、線維芽細胞を尾静脈経由で静脈投与した。各種線維芽細胞は、1.0×105cells/100μL生理食塩液/bodyで投与した。それぞれのマウスにmPF、mVPFまたはコントロールとしての生理食塩液(Ctrl)を投与した。
各細胞の治療効果は、Kaplan-meier法による生存分析と病理学的評価により行った。実施例B3及びB4においては、試験終了時である細胞投与4週後(28日後)に動物を犠牲死して肺を採材した。採材した肺は、4%パラホルムアルデヒドでの固定後、パラフィン包埋を行った。パラフィン切片はシリウスレッド(SR)染色し、バーチャルスライドスキャナ(NanoZoomer S210、浜松ホトニクス、静岡、日本)で撮像した。また、実施例B5においては、試験終了時である細胞投与2週後(14日後)に動物を犠牲死して肺を採材した。採材した肺は、4%パラホルムアルデヒドでの固定後、パラフィン包埋を行った。パラフィン切片はMasson’s Trichrome染色した後にBZ-X710(Keyence、大阪、日本)で撮像した。撮像した画像は、ImageJ softwareで線維化領域の定量を行った。
日本チャールス・リバー(神奈川、日本)から購入したWKY/NCrlCrljラット(メス、6週齢)から肺を採材し、初代培養によりラット肺線維芽細胞(rPF)の拡大培養を行った。具体的には、プライマリーにより回収したラット肺組織をメスで1mm角にミンスし、0.14 Wunsch units/mLのLiberase TM(Sigma Aldrich,St.Louis,MO)を添加して37℃インキュベータ内で酵素処理を行い、DMEM(Low Glucose)で拡大培養を行った。
ADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型rPF(rVPF)は、上述のmVPFの作製手法と同様の手法で作製した。具体的には、rPFにラット組換えTNF-α及びIL-4を添加し(最終濃度:50ng/mL TNF-α、2ng/mL IL-4)、72時間の培養を行うことで作製した。rVPFのVCAM-1陽性細胞率はMACSQuant Analyzer(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch Gladbach,Germany)でフローサイトメトリにより評価した。
病態モデルラットの作出は、日本チャールス・リバー(神奈川、日本)に委託した。BN/CrlCrljラット(オス、6週齢)にブレオマイシン溶液(5mg/kg生理食塩液)をliquid MicroSprayerで単回気管内噴霧投与し、間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルラットを作製した。なお、下記の理由により、このラットの系統を選択した:(1)BNラットとWKYラットはそれぞれ近交系統で免疫学的に乖離しており、両系統の選択は他家細胞医薬品の有効性試験として広く使用されている;(2)本系統において間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデル作製の報告がある(非特許文献17)。
ブレオマイシン溶液を投与して5日後の間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルラットに、次の種類の細胞を5.0×105cells/500μL生理食塩液/bodyで経静脈投与した。それぞれのラットにrPF、rVPFまたはコントロールとしての生理食塩液(Ctrl)を投与した。
各細胞の治療効果は、Kaplan-meier法による生存分析と病理学的評価により行った。試験終了時である細胞投与2週後(14日後)に動物を犠牲死して肺を採材した。採材した肺は,4%パラホルムアルデヒドで固定後、パラフィン包埋を行った。パラフィン切片はMasson’s Trichrome染色した後にBZ-X710(Keyence、大阪、日本)で撮像した。撮像した画像は、ImageJ softwareで線維化領域の定量を行った。
ヒト成体肺線維芽細胞はPromoCell(Heidelberg、Germany)から購入し、5%(v/v)NBCS(Newborn Calf Serum)を添加した線維芽細胞培養培地(HFDM-1(+)medium(株式会社細胞科学研究所、宮城、日本)で拡大培養した。
VCAM-1発現向上型線維芽細胞を作製するために、ヒト肺線維芽細胞を細胞培養皿にて拡大培養し、未処理で培養した群(hPF)と、TNF-α(50ng/mL)(Peprotech、Cranbury、NJ)とIL-4(2ng/mL)(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、大阪、日本)を2剤混合で処置した群(hPF+CKs)を設けた。すべての群は、5%NBCSを添加したHFDM-1(+)を基本培地とし、3日間(72時間)培養した。hVPFはhPF+CKsを抗CD106(VCAM-1)-Biotin,human抗体(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch Gladbach,Germany)とAnti-Biotin microBeads(Miltenyi Biotec)で免疫染色し、autoMACS pro Separator(Miltenyi Biotec)でセルソーティングにより回収した。
実験結果は平均値±標準偏差(SD)で表した。有意差検定はKaplan-meier法による生存分析はログランク(マンテル・コックス)検定及びログランク・トレンド検定で算出し、その他の実験はスチューデントのt検定で算出した。P<0.05を有意差とみなした。
また、線維化領域の統計解析及びフローサイトメトリによる細胞特性解析は、GraphPad Prism 9 for Windows 64-bit,Version 9.2.0(332)で行った。マウスへの同系移植実験においては、ordinary one-way ANOVAを実施し、Ctrlを基準としたmultiple comparisonsをDunnett’s multiple comparisons testで実施した。ラットへの同種移植実験においては、ordinary one-way ANOVAを実施し、各群のmultiple comparisonsをTukey‘s multiple comparisons testで実施した。ヒト肺線維芽細胞の細胞特性解析においては、2-way ANOVAを実施し、各群のmultiple comparisonsをTukey‘s multiple comparisons testで実施した。いずれの試験においても、P<0.05を有意差とみなした。
ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞は細胞培養皿にて接着培養により拡大培養した。明視野観察により、培養したヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞は紡錘型の線維芽細胞様形態であることを示した(図9A)。培養したヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞にTNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を2剤混合(Factor-X)で添加して24時間培養し(図9B)、フローサイトメトリ(FCM)で線維芽細胞マーカーであるCD90とVCAM-1(CD106)の陽性細胞率を評価した(図9C及び9D)。ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞はほぼ全ての細胞がCD90に陽性で、未処理のヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞(Control)のCD90陽性細胞率は96.00±4.33%であったのに対し、TNF-αとIL-4を添加したヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞(+Factor-X)のCD90陽性細胞率は95.56±4.51%だった。また、ControlのCD106陽性細胞率が6.03±1.91%であったのに対し、+Factor-XのCD106陽性細胞率は31.96±5.78%だった。CD90とCD106の両陽性(Double(+))細胞率は、Controlが5.86±1.94%であったのに対し、+Factor-Xは31.25±6.27%だった。これらの結果から、TNF-αとIL-4は有意にヒト肺線維芽細胞のCD106陽性細胞率を向上することが明らかとなった。
次に、Factor-XによってCD106陽性細胞率の向上したヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞のリンパ管新生能の評価を行うため、リンパ管新生因子として代表的なVEGF-CとADMの遺伝子発現レベルをRT-qPCRで評価した(図9E)。その結果、VEGF-CとADMの遺伝子発現量は、Factor-Xの添加によってそれぞれ2.99±0.39倍、2.46±0.69倍高く発現しており、両群には有意な差が認められた。以上の結果から、TNF-αとIL-4によってVCAM-1発現レベルを向上させたヒト肺線維芽細胞はリンパ管新生遺伝子を高発現しており、肺のリンパ管新生能に富む細胞であることが示唆された。
ヒト由来のADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)のリンパ管新生効果を評価するため、ヒト肺由来細胞から回収したリンパ管内皮細胞を含有するヒト肺微小血管内皮細胞を拡大培養した。明視野観察により、培養した細胞は、敷石状の形態を示し(図10A)、FCM解析により本細胞は内皮細胞マーカーであるVE-Cadherinに99.71±0.09%陽性で(N=3)、リンパ管内皮細胞マーカーであるPDPNに96.77±0.37%陽性であることが明らかとなった(N=3)(図10B)。内皮細胞マーカーであるVE-Cadherinとリンパ管内皮細胞マーカーであるPDPNに両陽性のリンパ管内皮細胞を用いて試験を行った。
ヒト肺由来細胞から回収したリンパ管内皮細胞と各種ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞を共培養し、免疫蛍光染色によってリンパ管を観察したところ、未処理の成体由来肺線維芽細胞はリンパ管が分断された不連続な脈管形成を示すのに対し、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加し、24時間培養した成体由来肺線維芽細胞(+Factor-X)は、分断されることのない連続的な脈管を形成することが明らかとなった(図10C)。本結果から、TNF-αとIL-4で処理した肺線維芽細胞はリンパ管新生効果が高い細胞であることが明らかとなった。
リンパ管新生効果の高いTNF-αとIL-4で処理した成体由来肺線維芽細胞の間質性肺炎・肺線維症の治療効果を評価するため、同系移植実験をデザインした。C57BL/6成体マウスから肺由来の線維芽細胞を回収し、拡大培養を行った。明視野観察により、培養したプライマリー成体由来肺線維芽細胞は紡錘型の線維芽細胞様形態であることを示した(図11A)。培養したマウス成体由来肺線維芽細胞にTNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を添加して3日間培養し、それぞれのマウス成体由来肺線維芽細胞のCD106陽性細胞率をFCMにより評価した(図11B)。その結果、Controlは84.89±11.42%であったのに対し(N=3)、Factor-Xを添加した線維芽細胞は96.52±3.32%であった(N=3)。本結果から、マウス肺線維芽細胞は、ヒト肺線維芽細胞と比較して通常状態でもCD106陽性細胞率が高めであるが、TNF-αとIL-4は種を超えてCD106陽性細胞率を向上できることが分かった。
マウス由来のADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)のリンパ管新生能を評価するために、それぞれの成体由来肺線維芽細胞のVEGF-CとADMの遺伝子発現量をRT-qPCRで評価したところ、ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞と同様に、VEGF-CとADMの遺伝子発現量は、TNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)(Factor-X)の添加によってそれぞれ4.11±0.59倍(N=3)、1.70±0.27倍(N=3)高く発現しており、両群には有意な差が認められた(図11C)。本結果から、マウス肺線維芽細胞はヒト肺線維芽細胞と同様にTNF-αとIL-4によってリンパ管新生遺伝子を有意に高発現させることが明らかとなり、マウス由来のVPFもリンパ管新生能に富む細胞であることが明らかとなった。
間質性肺炎・肺線維症に対するADM高発現且つVCAM-1発現向上型成体由来肺線維芽細胞(VPF)の治療効果を評価するため、マウス間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルに図12Aに記載の実験スケジュールで細胞を投与した。モデル動物は次の3群を設けた:マウス成体由来肺線維芽細胞投与群(+PFs、N=8)、マウスVPF投与群(+VPFs、N=10)、生理食塩水投与群(Control、N=10)。
Kaplan-meier法による生存分析で各群の生命予後に対する効果を評価したところ、Day28の生存率はそれぞれ40.00%(Control)、37.50%(+PFs)、80.00%(+VPFs)だった(図12B)。また、生存期間中央値はそれぞれ14.5日(Control)、14日(+PFs)、80%個体生存のため定義不可(+VPFs)であり、VPF投与による生命予後の改善が認められた。
細胞投与4週後に肺を回収し、各群の肺組織をシリウスレッド染色し、病理学的観察により肺胞構造と線維症の進行の程度を評価したところ、Control群と+PFs群は肺胞構造の明瞭な区画が観察されず、気管支周辺を中心に線維化領域が確認されたのに対し、+VPFs群は明瞭な肺胞区画が観察され、線維化領域は観察されなかった(図12C)。
さらに、マウス間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルマウスにそれぞれmPF、mVPFまたは生理食塩液(Ctrl)を投与し、投与後2週間の生存率を比較評価したところ、Ctrl群はDay10とDay14に2例ずつの死亡が確認され、生存率は63.64%を示した(7/11例)(図13A)。一方で、mPF投与群はDay7とDay9に1例ずつの死亡が確認され、生存率は71.43%(5/7例)であった。さらに、mVPF投与群では、1例も死亡が確認されず、生存率は100%だった(5/5例)。本結果から、mVPFの間質性肺炎・肺線維症に対する高い生存率改善効果が示唆された。
次に、細胞投与14日後に採材した肺組織のMasson’s Trichrome染色を実施し、病理観察を行ったところ、mVPF投与群が最も少ない線維症領域を示し、正常な肺胞構造を示すことが明らかとなった(図13B)。また、各群の線維化領域を定量評価したところ、mVPF投与群が最も線維化領域が少なく、Ctrl群と比較して有意にその領域が小さいことが明らかとなった(図13C)。また、細胞投与0日の個体と比較し、Ctrl群は有意に線維化領域が増大したのに対し、その他の群(mPF投与群、mVPF投与群)では有意差が見られなかった。また、mPF投与群と比較して、mVPF投与群は線維化領域が小さいことも分かった。これらの結果から、mVPFの同系移植・投与はブレオマイシン投与によるマウス間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルの生存率を高め、線維化の病態進行を抑制する働きがあることが分かった。
WKY/NCrlCrljラットから肺線維芽細胞(rPF)を単離し、DMEM(Low Glucose)培地で拡大培養を行った(図14A)。次に、rPFにラット組換えTNF-α(終濃度:50ng/mL)及びIL-4(終濃度:2ng/mL)を添加しrVPFの作製を試みた(図14B)。FCM解析により、rPFはVCAM-1(CD106)陽性細胞率が25.18%であったのに対し、TNF-α及びIL-4を添加し作製したrVPFは80.02%の陽性細胞率を示した(図14C)。従って、rPFはmPFと同様にTNF-α及びIL-4に応答性を示し、rVPFを作製できることが分かった。
ラット間質性肺炎・肺線維症モデルマウスへそれぞれrPF、rVPF又は生理食塩液(Ctrl)を投与し、投与後2週間の生存率を比較評価したところ、ラットモデルはマウスモデルと異なり、細胞または生理食塩液投与後2週間ではどの群も死亡及び瀕死個体は確認されなかったため、各群間の生存率に差は見られなかった。
一方で、細胞投与14日後に採材した肺組織のMasson’s Trichrome染色を実施し、病理観察を行ったところ、各群間に大きな違いが確認された。ブレオマイシン投与後5日の細胞投与前の肺(BLM)で確認された広範囲の線維症像は、生理食塩液投与(Ctrl)によって更に悪化し、肺全体で線維化及び異常な構造形成を示すことが分かった(図15A及び15B)。一方で、rPF及びrVPF投与群では、線維化及び肺の異常な構造形成は限局的にしか確認されず、Ctrlよりも有意に線維化領域が少なかった。その中でも、rVPF投与群は細胞投与前よりも線維化領域が有意に減少しており、線維化領域の改善効果を有することが分かった(図15A及び15B)。これは、マウスへの同系移植実験の結果と類似しており、VPFは自家細胞医薬品としても他家細胞医薬品としても、肺線維症に対する改善・予防効果が示唆された。
ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞(hPF)は細胞培養皿にて接着培養により拡大培養した。培養したhPFにTNF-α(50ng/mL)とIL-4(2ng/mL)を2剤混合(Factor-X)で添加して72時間培養し、hPF+CKsを作製した。hPF+CKsはVCAM-1(CD106)を指標にセルソーティングし、hVPFを作製した。
フローサイトメトリ(FCM)で線維芽細胞マーカーであるCD90とVCAM-1(CD106)の陽性細胞率を評価した(図16A)。ヒト成体由来肺線維芽細胞はほぼ全ての細胞がCD90に陽性で、hPFのCD90陽性細胞率は99.68±0.06%(N=5)であったのに対し、hPF+CKsのCD90陽性細胞率は98.81±0.51%(N=5)であった。また、hVPFのCD90陽性細胞率は99.08±0.41%(N=5)であり、各群に有意差は認められなかった(図16B)。
一方で、hPFのVCAM-1(CD106)陽性細胞率は15.49±2.52%(N=5)であったのに対し、hPF+CKsのCD106陽性細胞率は31.38±3.41%(N=5)であった。また、hVPFのCD106陽性細胞率は98.11±1.01%(N=5)であり、hPF+CKsはhPFよりも有意にCD106陽性細胞率が高く、hVPFはhPF+CKsよりも更に有意に陽性細胞率が高いことが分かった(図16B)。
CD90とCD106の両陽性細胞率(DP)も同様で、hPFのDPは15.38±2.59%(N=5)であったのに対し、hPF+CKsのDPは31.21±3.30%(N=5)であった。また、hVPFのDPは97.47±1.18%(N=5)であり、hPF+CKsはhPFよりも有意にDPが高く、hVPFはhPF+CKsよりも更に有意にDPが高いことが分かった(図16B)。
Claims (32)
- ADM及び/又はHHEX高発現の線維芽細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- 前記線維芽細胞が成体由来の線維芽細胞である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物
- 前記細胞のADM及び/又はHHEXの遺伝子発現量が、対照となる線維芽細胞と比較して、1.20倍以上高いものである、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 線維症を治療するための、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善するための、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 組織液の恒常性の障害を改善するための、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 浮腫を軽減するための、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 脂質及び/又はビタミンの輸送能の障害を改善するための、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 免疫監視機構を活性化するための、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 注射用組成物である、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞が、平面状又は立体状の細胞組織として構築されたものである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記線維芽細胞が心臓由来の線維芽細胞である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- ADM高発現の線維芽細胞の製造方法であって、
線維芽細胞に、TNF-α及びIL-4を接触させること、並びに
前記接触させた線維芽細胞を、ADMが高発現になり得る条件下で培養すること、
を含む、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞の製造方法。 - 前記線維芽細胞が、VEGF-C高発現である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記線維芽細胞が、CD106陽性である、請求項13又は14に記載の方法。
- 抗CD106抗体を用いて、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞を選択又は濃縮することを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記線維芽細胞が肺由来の線維芽細胞である、請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項13~17のいずれか一項に記載する製造方法によって得られる、ADM高発現の線維芽細胞。
- 請求項18に記載する細胞を含む、線維芽細胞集団。
- ADM高発現の線維芽細胞。
- VEGF-C高発現である、請求項20に記載の線維芽細胞。
- CD106陽性である、請求項20又は21に記載の線維芽細胞。
- 前記細胞のVEGF-C及び/又はADMの遺伝子発現量が、対照となる線維芽細胞と比較して、それぞれ1.20倍以上高いものである、請求項20~22のいずれか一項に記載の細胞。
- 前記線維芽細胞が肺由来の線維芽細胞である、請求項20~23のいずれか一項に記載の細胞。
- 請求項20~24のいずれか一項に記載の細胞を含む、線維芽細胞集団。
- CD106陽性である肺由来線維芽細胞を含む細胞集団であって、
前記CD106陽性である肺由来線維芽細胞の割合(細胞数基準)が、前記細胞集団中に含まれる全線維芽細胞に対して18.01%超である、細胞集団。 - 請求項18及び20~24のいずれか一項に記載の細胞又は請求項19及び25~26のいずれか一項に記載の細胞集団を含む、医薬組成物。
- 肺疾患を治療するための、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記肺疾患が、肺線維症又は間質性肺炎である、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- リンパ管新生能が低下している状態を改善するための、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- 注射用組成物である、請求項27~30のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記細胞または前記細胞集団が、平面又は立体の形状の細胞組織として構築されたものである、請求項27~30のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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