WO2022185975A1 - アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造方法、及び、当該製造方法のカルボン酸塩廃棄物再資源化技術への応用 - Google Patents
アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造方法、及び、当該製造方法のカルボン酸塩廃棄物再資源化技術への応用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022185975A1 WO2022185975A1 PCT/JP2022/007032 JP2022007032W WO2022185975A1 WO 2022185975 A1 WO2022185975 A1 WO 2022185975A1 JP 2022007032 W JP2022007032 W JP 2022007032W WO 2022185975 A1 WO2022185975 A1 WO 2022185975A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- alkaline earth
- production
- alkali metal
- diaphragm
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- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N ethyl (z)-3-(methylamino)but-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C(\C)NC FARYTWBWLZAXNK-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical group [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-Linolenic acid Chemical compound CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/14—Alkali metal compounds
- C25B1/16—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D1/04—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/18—Alkaline earth metal compounds or magnesium compounds
- C25B1/20—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/01—Products
- C25B3/03—Acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/04—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of alkali lye
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/02—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/32—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
- C02F2103/322—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters from vegetable oil production, e.g. olive oil production
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and the application of this production method to carboxylate waste recycling technology.
- Vegetable oils and fats are produced by pressing plant raw materials such as soybeans and rapeseeds to extract crude oil, and subjecting this crude oil to various processes such as degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization (see Fig. 1). ).
- an alkali metal hydroxide such as caustic soda (NaOH) is added to convert the fatty acid into a fatty acid salt, which is precipitated to separate and remove the fatty acid salt from the oil.
- the fraction containing the removed fatty acid salt generally contains about 30 to 60% by weight of fatty acid salt, about 30 to 50% by weight of water, and about 10 to 30% by weight of other fats and oils, It is called oil slag (foots). This soapstock is generated at a rate of 0.5 to 20% by mass with respect to the production amount of vegetable oil.
- the soapstock contains moisture, is alkaline, and is in the form of a highly viscous paste, it is often disposed of as waste due to poor handling.
- the effective use of slag is also being studied.
- use of the soapstock as fuel is also under consideration.
- the soapstock produced as a by-product in the deacidification process is neutralized with an acid, the neutralized soapstock is dried, and this is mixed with the undried neutralized soapstock to obtain a suitable fluidity.
- Patent Document 2 describes that fatty acids or salts thereof obtained by hydrolyzing fats and oils are subjected to Kolbe electrolysis to produce hydrocarbons at the anode.
- the Kolbe electrolysis reaction is a long-known electrochemical organic synthesis reaction of hydrocarbons.
- the conjugated anion of the fatty acid is decarboxylated while undergoing one-electron oxidation at the anode electrode, and a hydrocarbon is obtained in which the aliphatic chain of the fatty acid is dimerized.
- the present invention makes it possible to effectively utilize not only a liquid containing a salt of a fatty acid or a derivative thereof and water as a hydrocarbon source, but also substantially the entire liquid as a resource without a particularly complicated operation.
- the objective is to provide technology to
- a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to cause a Kolbe electrolytic reaction at the anode to produce at least R A -R A and carbon dioxide.
- RA represents a hydrocarbon group
- M B represents an alkali metal
- M C represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water includes at least one of the following (a) to (c) waste liquids: Production method. (a) slag generated in the deacidification process in the production of vegetable oil, (b) black liquor from the post-cooking washing step in papermaking; and (c) soap wastewater from the washing step of the crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of fatty acid esters.
- a reaction solution containing M B —OH and/or M C —(OH) 2 generated by the neutralization is put into one side of a tank whose interior is separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, and The production method according to [ 1 ] or [ 2 ], wherein water is put into the other side separated by the .
- the diaphragm separates the anode side from the cathode side, and the anode side is filled with a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or ( R A -COO) 2 MC and water, and the cathode side is filled with water.
- the production method according to [4] wherein the electrochemical reaction is performed.
- Alkali metal hydroxide (M B —OH) and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide (M C —(OH) 2 ) is obtained using a liquid containing soapstock generated in the deacidification step in , and this alkali metal
- a method for producing a vegetable oil comprising using a hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide in a deacidification step in the production of the vegetable oil.
- the fatty acid ester is produced as a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water.
- An electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell having an interior separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm
- the electrochemical device subjects a liquid containing the soapstock produced in the deoxidizing process in the production of vegetable oil to an electrochemical reaction to produce M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid,
- the resulting reaction solution is put into one side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, and water is put into the other side of the tank separated by the diaphragm to remove M B -OH and / or an apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides, wherein M C -(OH) 2 is transferred into said water.
- An electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion-permeable diaphragm separating the anode side and the cathode side is provided. is placed on the cathode side to conduct an electrochemical reaction.
- An electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell having an interior separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm,
- a liquid containing black liquor produced in the washing process after cooking in papermaking is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to produce M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid.
- the obtained reaction solution is put into one side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, water is put into the other side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, and M B -OH and/or Or an apparatus for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide, which transfers M C —(OH) 2 into the water.
- An alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide production apparatus that is placed on the cathode side and performs an electrochemical reaction.
- Alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide production equipment for transferring to [19]
- the production apparatus according to any one of [16] to [18], and the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide produced using the production apparatus are supplied to a cooking step in papermaking. means for recycling alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
- An electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell having an interior separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm,
- a liquid containing soapy waste water generated in the step of washing a crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of fatty acid ester is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to produce M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) in the reaction liquid.
- An electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion-permeable diaphragm separating the anode side and the cathode side is provided, and a liquid containing soap waste water generated in the washing step of the crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of fatty acid ester is added.
- An apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides in which water is put on the anode side and water is put on the cathode side to carry out an electrochemical reaction.
- OH and/or M C —(OH) 2 are produced, water is added to the other side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and M B —OH and/or M C —( OH) 2 into said water for the production of alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
- the production apparatus according to any one of [20] to [22], and the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide produced using the production apparatus are used to produce a crude fatty acid in the production of a fatty acid ester. and means for supplying an ester production reaction step.
- a liquid containing a fatty acid salt or a derivative thereof and water can be effectively used not only as a hydrocarbon source but also substantially as a resource without a particularly complicated operation.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing a production process of fatty acid ester
- 1 is a flow diagram showing a papermaking process
- FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing one embodiment of an apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing another embodiment of the production apparatus for alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the production apparatus for alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing still another embodiment of the production apparatus for alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
- the present invention provides a method for producing an alkali metal hydroxide/alkaline earth metal. That is, a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to cause a Kolbe electrolytic reaction at the anode to produce at least R A -R A and dioxide. Alkali metal/alkali producing carbon and M B+ and/or M C2 + ions, and neutralizing said M B+ and/or M C2+ ions with OH ⁇ ions produced by the electrolysis of water at the cathode.
- a method for producing an earth metal hydroxide (M B -OH/M C -(OH) 2 ) is provided.
- RA represents a hydrocarbon group
- M B represents an alkali metal
- M C represents an alkaline earth metal.
- the above "neutralization” means that electrical neutrality is maintained by cations and anions.
- a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is subjected to a Kolbe electrolysis reaction to produce an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide. has not been known until now, and the present invention has been completed based on this new finding.
- a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or ( R A -COO) 2 MC and water by subjecting a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or ( R A -COO) 2 MC and water to a Kolbe electrolytic reaction, the anode reaction causes R A -R A (carbonization While a hydrogen compound is obtained, an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide is produced in the liquid, and for example, industrially useful caustic soda can be obtained. Therefore, a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is simply subjected to an electrochemical reaction without any particular complicated operation, and the resource can be effectively used as
- the hydrocarbon group of RA may be a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrocarbon group of RA may be a linear or branched aliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.
- the hydrocarbon group of RA may have a substituent. There are no particular restrictions on the substituents that the hydrocarbon group of RA can take. For example, sinapic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and the like contained in black liquor generated in the papermaking process described above are all included in R A -COOM B.
- substituents that the hydrocarbon group of R A can take include an alkoxy group (preferably a lower alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methoxy group), a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and the like. be done.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group of RA is preferably 1-40, more preferably 3-35, still more preferably 5-30, and particularly preferably 8-25. When the hydrocarbon group has a substituent, this carbon number is the number of carbon atoms including the carbon atoms in the substituent.
- Alkali metals for MB include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium.
- R A -COOM B preferably includes sodium and/or potassium salt forms, more preferably sodium and/or potassium salts.
- M B -OH preferably comprises caustic soda (NaOH) and/or KOH, more preferably caustic soda and/or KOH.
- Alkaline earth metals of MC include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium.
- M C preferably includes magnesium and/or calcium salt forms, more preferably magnesium and/or calcium salts.
- M C -(OH) 2 preferably comprises Mg(OH) 2 and/or Ca(OH) 2 , more preferably Mg(OH) 2 and/or Ca(OH) 2 .
- the liquid subjected to the electrochemical reaction contains one or more compounds represented by R A -COOM B or (R A -COO) 2 M C. 2 or more are included.
- R A -COOM B and (R A -COO) 2 M C are: Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, montan acids and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of saturated fatty acids such as melissic acid; Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, (9,12,15)-linolenic acid, (6,9,12)-linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, nervonic acid alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of unsaturated fatty acids such as erucic acid,
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water contains R A -COOM B and (R A -COO) 2 M C as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. and may contain components other than water. For example, it may contain oils and fats or their decomposition products, non-carboxylate lignin decomposition products, organic solvents, organic/inorganic salts, and the like.
- the total content of R A -COOM B and (R A -COO) 2 M C in a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is obtained
- the concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide can be adjusted as appropriate to achieve the desired concentration.
- the total content of R A -COOM B and (R A -COO) 2 M C in the liquid is, for example, 1 to 90% by mass, preferably 2 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass. can be appropriately adjusted within the range of
- the content of water in the liquid is also appropriately adjusted within a range of, for example, 10 to 99% by mass, preferably 40 to 98% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is at least one of the following (a) to (c) can be a form containing the waste liquid.
- the above (a) to (c) are liquids containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water contains at least one waste liquid of (a) to (c) means that R A It means that at least part of the liquid containing —COOM B and/or (R A —COO) 2 M C and water is at least one waste liquid of the above (a) to (c).
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water may be at least one waste liquid of the above (a) to (c).
- ) to (c) may be diluted, or at least one waste liquid from (a) to (c) may be concentrated.
- a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is added to the above (a) to (c) ) and does not contain the other two.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the basic configuration of an electrochemical reaction apparatus used for the electrochemical reaction.
- the electrochemical reaction device itself used in the present invention can appropriately apply the structure of a normal electrochemical reaction device. That is, the electrochemical reaction device has an anode 1 and a cathode 2 .
- the material that constitutes the anode 1 and anode materials that are commonly used in electrochemical reactions can be applied as appropriate.
- platinum, stainless steel, nickel, iron, aluminum, graphite, and an aluminum/magnesium alloy (duralumin) can be used as the anode material.
- a cathode material commonly used for electrochemical reactions can be appropriately applied.
- platinum, titanium, nickel, iron, aluminum, graphite, and the like can be used as cathode materials.
- the shape of the anode 1 and the cathode 2 is not limited to a specific shape.
- the shape of the anode 1 and cathode 2 is preferably rod-like, plate-like or foil-like.
- the anode 1 and the cathode 2 may have a shape with holes, such as a wire mesh shape or a mesh shape.
- a liquid 4 containing R A -COOM B and water is subjected to an electrochemical reaction, and a Kolbe electrolysis reaction occurs at the anode 1 to generate at least hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and alkali metal ions, and these alkali metal ions are generated. , is neutralized by OH ⁇ ions produced by the electrolysis of water at the cathode 2 to produce alkali metal hydroxide (M B —OH). It has been known until now that hydrocarbons are produced at the anode when a liquid containing R A -COOM B and water is subjected to an electrochemical reaction. However, it was not known how the resulting MB + ions behaved, that is, whether the reaction of formula (3) actually occurred.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) generated by the above formula (1) has much higher solubility in water than hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide becomes a bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 ⁇ ) in a state dissolved in water, and is considered to neutralize M 2 B+ (make it electrically neutral). In this case, the OH ⁇ ions produced by the above formula (2) are considered to be oxidized at the anode 1 to become oxygen molecules, as in ordinary electrolysis of water.
- an organic synthesis reaction of hydrocarbons occurs at the anode 1.
- the above electrochemical reaction is preferably carried out at 10 to 60°C, more preferably 15 to 50°C, still more preferably 20 to 40°C.
- the current density applied in the electrochemical reaction of the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 2.00 A/cm 2 , more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 A/cm 2 , still more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 A/cm 2 . 0.6 A/cm 2 .
- hydrocarbons are produced at the anode in the above electrochemical reaction, these hydrocarbons can be recovered and used as resources. That is, when the hydrocarbons produced by the Kolbe electrolysis reaction are gases, mixed gases containing hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, air, and the like can be recovered. Hydrocarbons can be selectively recovered from this recovered mixed gas by a membrane separation method, liquefaction of hydrocarbons by compression or cooling, or the like. In addition, when the hydrocarbon produced by the Kolbe electrolysis reaction is liquid or solid, phase separation occurs from the hydrophilic liquid containing the alkali metal hydroxide and water, so the target hydrocarbon can be easily separated and recovered. can do.
- the recovered hydrocarbons can be used as, for example, fuels, waxes, insulating materials, moisture-proof materials, waterproof materials, abrasives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, molding material organic solvents, waxes, lubricating oils, organic solvents, and the like. If the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water contains, for example, at least one of the above-described slag, black liquor, and soap waste water, it is recovered.
- the hydrocarbons are derived from plants and fuels containing these hydrocarbons are carbon neutral.
- the alkali metal hydroxide produced by the electrochemical reaction can be recovered as an aqueous solution.
- the obtained aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide can be appropriately concentrated or removed from impurities, and industrially used as an aqueous solution of caustic soda or the like.
- the anode side and the cathode side can be separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm in the electrolysis reaction.
- M B+ ions and M C2+ ions can be almost selectively moved to the cathode side by a concentration gradient or an electrical gradient.
- concentration and purity of the alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth hydroxide can be increased.
- a diaphragm examples include cation exchange membranes, semipermeable membranes, cellophane membranes, zeolite membranes, etc., which more efficiently transfer MB + ions and MC2+ ions generated on the anode side to the cathode side.
- a cation exchange membrane is preferable from the point of view.
- the cation exchange membrane may be a strongly acidic cation exchange membrane or a weakly acidic cation exchange membrane.
- the cation-exchangeable groups of the cation-exchange membrane may be in the form of having hydrogen atoms, or may be in a state of being exchanged (substituted) with alkali metal ions.
- the hydrogen atoms are replaced with M B+ ions and M C2+ ions over time as an electrochemical reaction is carried out, and then the M B+ ions and M C2+ ions are transferred to the cathode side. transition will be smooth.
- a preferred method for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide of the present invention is a form in which a liquid containing the liquid is put in and water is put in the cathode side to conduct an electrochemical reaction.
- the two electrodes are separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm 5, a liquid 4 containing R A -COOM B and water is put on the anode side, and water 6 is put on the cathode side to conduct an electrochemical reaction.
- M B+ ions generated at the anode selectively migrate to the cathode side according to the concentration gradient, are neutralized by OH ⁇ ions on the cathode side, and form high-purity alkali metal hydroxides on the cathode side.
- An aqueous solution is obtained. Tap water, distilled water, pure water, or the like can be appropriately used as water to be put into the cathode side.
- water in the present invention means that it may contain alkali metal hydroxides, other electrolytes, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- FIG. 6 shows a form in which a liquid 4 containing R A -COOM B and water is subjected to an electrochemical reaction and the resulting reaction liquid is put in another tank.
- M B —OH M B+ ions
- FIG. 7 shows a modification of the form shown in FIG.
- the inside of the electrolytic cell is separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, and both electrodes of an anode and a cathode are arranged on one side separated by this diaphragm to cause an electrochemical reaction, and the other electrode separated by the diaphragm Add water to the side.
- the M B —OH (M B+ ions) produced by the electrochemical reaction migrate to the water-filled side along the concentration gradient, and an aqueous solution of M B —OH with higher purity can be obtained.
- the method for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide of the present invention can be applied to a method for producing vegetable oils and fats by effectively utilizing the waste liquid generated in the process of producing vegetable oils and fats. That is, according to the present invention, as the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 MC and water, a liquid containing soapstock generated in the deacidification process in the production of vegetable oil to obtain alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, which are used in the deacidification step in the production of vegetable oils and fats.
- the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide usually includes caustic soda (NaOH).
- “As the liquid containing RA -COOM B and/or ( RA -COO) 2MC and water, a liquid containing soapstock generated in the deacidification process in the production of vegetable oil is used” means RA- It means using soapstock as at least part of the liquid containing COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water may be the soapstock itself, a dilution of the soapstock, or a concentrate of the soapstock.
- the method for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide of the present invention can be applied to a paper manufacturing method that makes effective use of the waste liquid generated in the paper manufacturing process. That is, according to the present invention, as the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water, a liquid containing black liquor generated in the washing process after cooking in papermaking is used. to obtain alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides and utilize them in the cooking step in papermaking.
- the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide usually includes caustic soda (NaOH).
- a liquid containing black liquor generated in the washing process after cooking in papermaking is used as a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water
- R A -COOM It means using black liquor as at least part of the liquor containing B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water may be black liquor itself, a dilution of black liquor, or a concentrate of black liquor.
- the method for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides of the present invention can be applied to a method for producing fatty acid esters by effectively utilizing waste liquid generated in the production process of fatty acid esters such as biodiesel. That is, according to the present invention, a liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water is produced in the step of washing a crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of a fatty acid ester.
- Production of fatty acid esters comprising obtaining alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides from a liquid containing soap waste water, and using these in a reaction to produce crude fatty acid esters in the production of fatty acid esters
- a method is provided.
- the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide acts as an alkali catalyst.
- the alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides usually include caustic soda (NaOH) or caustic potash (KOH).
- a liquid containing soapy waste water generated in the step of washing the crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of fatty acid ester is used.
- the soap waste water is used as at least part of the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water.
- the liquid containing R A -COOM B and/or (R A -COO) 2 M C and water may be the soapy wastewater itself, a diluted soapy wastewater, or a concentrated soapy wastewater. It can be a thing.
- a method for producing the fatty acid ester a method for producing a fatty acid methyl ester is preferably mentioned.
- the resulting alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is usually in the form of an aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution can be appropriately concentrated and dried before being used in each manufacturing step.
- concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide it can be used in each production step.
- the concentration of alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is adjusted by removing water from the recovered liquid by heating, vacuum drying, etc., and removing alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide. It can be carried out by adding water to the recovered liquid.
- the following apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides and the same A recycling system for used alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided. That is, according to the present invention, an electrochemical device having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell whose interior is separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, are produced by the electrochemical device.
- the liquid containing the soapstock generated in the deacidification step in is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to generate M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid, and the resulting reaction liquid is transferred to the above one side separated by the diaphragm and water on the other side of the tank separated by the diaphragm to remove M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction solution.
- An apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided for transferring into the water.
- an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion-permeable diaphragm separating the anode side and the cathode side is provided, and the oil residue generated in the deacidification process in the production of vegetable oil is removed.
- an apparatus for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide in which an electrochemical reaction is performed by putting a solution containing water on the anode side and water on the cathode side.
- an electrolytic cell separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, and an anode and a cathode arranged on one side separated by the diaphragm, and deoxidizing in the production of vegetable oils and fats.
- a liquid containing the soapstock generated in the process is put into one side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and M B —OH and/or M C —(OH) 2 are introduced into the reaction liquid by an electrochemical reaction.
- water is put into the other side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and the M B —OH and/or M C —(OH) 2 in the reaction solution are transferred to the water.
- An apparatus for producing metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided. Furthermore, an alkaline A metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide recycling system is provided. The size of the apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide is appropriately designed according to the purpose.
- the means for supplying the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to the deoxidizing step in the production of vegetable oil is not particularly limited, and the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide ( Any means capable of transporting an aqueous solution (usually in the form of an aqueous solution) to the site of the deacidification step in the production of vegetable oils and fats is included.
- an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkali can be transported to the site of the deoxidation process.
- the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide recovered from the electrolytic cell may be transported to the site of the deoxidation step by truck, forklift, or the like.
- a recycled alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide recycling system is provided. That is, according to the present invention, an electrochemical device having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell whose interior is separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, are provided.
- the liquid containing black liquor produced in the washing step of is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to produce M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid, and the resulting reaction liquid is transferred to the diaphragm of the tank. and water is placed in the other side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, and M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction solution is removed from the An apparatus for the production of alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides for transfer into water is provided.
- an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion-permeable diaphragm separating the anode side and the cathode side is provided, and contains black liquor generated in the washing process after cooking in papermaking.
- an apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides in which an electrochemical reaction is carried out by putting liquid on the anode side and water on the cathode side.
- an electrolytic cell separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, and an anode and a cathode arranged on one side separated by the diaphragm are provided, and a washing process after cooking in papermaking into one side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm to produce M B —OH and/or M C —(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid by an electrochemical reaction.
- water is put in the other side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction solution are transferred to the water.
- An apparatus for producing alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided.
- an alkali metal/alkali paper comprising these manufacturing apparatuses and means for supplying alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides produced on the cathode side of these manufacturing apparatuses to a digesting step in papermaking.
- An earth metal hydroxide recycling system is provided.
- the size of the apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide is appropriately designed according to the purpose.
- Means for supplying alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to the cooking process in papermaking is not particularly limited, and alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide (usually aqueous solution state) to the site of the cooking step in papermaking.
- the group metal hydroxides can be transported to the site of the cooking process.
- the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide recovered from the electrolytic cell may be transported to the site of the cooking step by truck, forklift or the like.
- the following apparatus for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and A recycling system for alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide using this is provided. That is, according to the present invention, an electrochemical device having an anode, a cathode, and an electrolytic cell, and a cell having an interior separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, are produced by the electrochemical device.
- a liquid containing soapy wastewater generated in the step of washing the crude fatty acid ester fraction in step A is subjected to an electrochemical reaction to produce M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction liquid, and the resulting reaction liquid is put into one side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, water is put into the other side of the tank separated by the diaphragm, and M B -OH and/or M C -
- An apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided that transfers (OH) 2 into the water.
- an electrolytic cell having an anode, a cathode, and an ion-permeable diaphragm separating the anode side and the cathode side is provided, and a step of washing a crude fatty acid ester fraction in the production of fatty acid ester is performed.
- an apparatus for producing an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide in which an electrochemical reaction is performed by introducing a solution containing soapy wastewater generated in the anode side and water into the cathode side.
- an electrolytic cell separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm, and an anode and a cathode disposed on one side separated by the diaphragm are used to produce a crude fatty acid in the production of a fatty acid ester.
- a liquid containing soapy waste water generated in the step of washing the ester fraction is introduced into one side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and electrochemical reaction causes M B —OH and/or M C — in the reaction liquid. (OH) 2 is produced, water is introduced into the other side of the electrolytic cell separated by the diaphragm, and M B -OH and/or M C -(OH) 2 in the reaction solution is transferred into the water.
- An apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxides is provided. Furthermore, these production apparatuses and means for supplying the alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides produced using these production apparatuses to the production reaction step of crude fatty acid esters in the production of fatty acid esters there is provided an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide recycling system comprising: The size of the apparatus for producing alkali metal/alkaline earth metal hydroxide is appropriately designed according to the purpose.
- the means for supplying the alkali metal hydroxide to the crude fatty acid ester production reaction step in the production of the fatty acid ester is not particularly limited. Any means that can bring it to the site of the fatty acid ester production reaction step is included.
- the electrolytic cell and the site of the production reaction step are connected with a pipe, and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and/or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide is circulated in the pipe to obtain an alkali metal hydroxide and/or
- the alkaline earth metal hydroxide can be transported to the site of the production reaction step.
- the aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide recovered from the electrolytic cell may be transported to the production reaction site by truck, forklift or the like.
- Example 1 100 mL (0.12 mol/L) aqueous solution of 2% by mass (0.12 mol/L) of sodium caprylate as a liquid containing R A -COOM B and water in the electrolytic cell 3 (150 cm 3 in volume) of the electrochemical reaction apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. pH 8.8) was added.
- electrochemical reaction was performed for 15 minutes at 40° C. and a current density of 0.2 A/cm 2 .
- Example 2 to 7 An electrochemical reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the type of R A -COOM B , its aqueous solution concentration, reaction temperature, and current density were as shown in Table 1 below.
- the oil phase floated on the surface layer over time. The oil phase was separated and recovered, and the liquid in the electrolytic cell 3 was monitored for changes in pH. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the electrochemical reaction caused a large pH increase in a short time, and an alkali metal hydroxide (M B -OH) was produced with high efficiency. backed up.
- Example 8 An electrochemical reaction was carried out using an electrochemical reaction apparatus configured as shown in FIG.
- both electrodes arranged in an electrolytic cell 3 are separated by an ion-permeable diaphragm 5 (trade name: Nafion NRE-212, manufactured by Merck), and the anode side of the electrolytic cell 3 (anode cell ) is 75 cm 3 , and the capacity of the cathode side (cathode tank) is also 75 cm 3 .
- 50 mL of a 2% by mass (0.12 mol/L) aqueous solution of sodium caprylate as a liquid containing R A -COOM B and water was put into the anode side of the electrolytic cell 3 .
- the organic matter generated by Kolbe electrolysis is transferred to the anode cell to form an alkali metal hydroxide (MB - OH). can be selectively separated into the cathodic cell.
- the organic matter generated by the Kolbe electrolysis can be selectively separated into the anode cell and the alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide into the cathode cell. It turns out that it is possible.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、上記の脂肪酸としての再利用は、油滓から得られるダーク油画分の再利用に留まり、ナトリウムイオンを含む水相残渣は廃棄処分される。また、特許文献1に記載される方法は、油滓を一定の処理に付してから燃料として使用するものであり、調製には手間とコストがかかる。他方、油滓をそのまま燃料として焼却すれば、アルカリによりボイラーが損傷したり、焼却残渣の不燃性塩によりボイラーの閉塞を生じたりする問題が生じてしまう。
また、製紙工程では、木材チップを蒸解釜に投入して、苛性ソーダなどのアルカリ金属水酸化物や水酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属を含む薬剤を加えて煮込むことにより、リグニンを溶かして(蒸解)セルロース繊維を取り出し、取り出したセルロース繊維を洗浄してリグニンを取り除き、漂白して紙、パルプ、セルロースナノファイバーなどを得ている(図3参照)。この蒸解後の洗浄工程では、リグニンなどが解けた黒液が生じる。この黒液中にはリグニン分解物である桂皮酸類(桂皮酸、シナピン酸、クマル酸、カフェ酸など)の塩が多量に含まれる。
〔1〕
RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を電気化学反応に付して、陽極でコルベ電解反応を生じて少なくともRA-RAと二酸化炭素とMB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンとを生成し、陰極で水の電気分解により生じるOH-イオンにより上記MB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンを中和することを含む、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物(MB-OH/MC-(OH)2)の製造方法。
RAは炭化水素基を示し、MBはアルカリ金属を示し、MCはアルカリ土類金属を示す。
〔2〕
上記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液が、下記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液を含む、〔1〕に記載の製造方法。
(a)植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓、
(b)製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液、及び
(c)脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水。
〔3〕
前記中和により生じたMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を含む反応液を、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽の一方の側に入れ、該槽の該隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れ、前記MB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を該水中へと移行させる、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の製造方法。
〔4〕
上記電気化学反応において、電解槽をイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てる、〔1〕又は〔2〕に記載の製造方法。
〔5〕
上記隔膜により陽極側と陰極側とを隔て、陽極側に上記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を入れ、陰極側に水を入れて、上記電気化学反応を行う、〔4〕に記載の製造方法。
〔6〕
前記電気化学反応において、前記電解槽の前記隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に前記陽極と前記陰極とを配して前記電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜により隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、該水中へと前記MB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を移行させる、〔4〕に記載の製造方法。
〔7〕
前記隔膜が陽イオン交換膜である、〔3〕~〔6〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
〔8〕
上記MBのアルカリ金属としてナトリウム及び/又はカリウムが含まれる、〔1〕~〔7〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法。
〔9〕
〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法において、上記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(MC-(OH)2)を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に利用することを含む、植物油脂の製造方法。
〔10〕
〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法において、上記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(MC-(OH)2)を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に利用することを含む、製紙方法。
〔11〕
〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造方法において、上記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(MC-(OH)2)を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応に利用することを含む、脂肪酸エステルの製造方法。
〔12〕
陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔13〕
陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔14〕
イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔15〕
〔12〕~〔14〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
〔16〕
陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔17〕
陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔18〕
イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔19〕
〔16〕~〔18〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
〔20〕
陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔21〕
陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔22〕
イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
〔23〕
〔20〕~〔22〕のいずれか1つに記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
本発明は一実施形態において、アルカリ金属水酸化物/アルカリ土類金属の製造方法を提供するものである。すなわち、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を電気化学反応に付して、陽極でコルベ電解反応を生じて少なくともRA-RAと二酸化炭素とMB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンとを生成し、陰極で水の電気分解により生じるOH-イオンにより上記MB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンを中和することを含む、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物(MB-OH/MC-(OH)2)の製造方法を提供するものである。RAは炭化水素基を示し、MBはアルカリ金属を示し、MCはアルカリ土類金属を示す。上記「中和」は、カチオンとアニオンとにより電気的中性が保たれることを意味する。
RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液をコルベ電解反応に付してアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物が生成することはこれまで知られておらず、本発明はこの新たな知見に基づき完成されるに至ったものである。すなわち、本発明によれば、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液をコルベ電解反応に付すことにより、アノード反応によりRA-RA(炭化水素化合物)が得られる一方で、液中にアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物が生成し、例えば、工業的に有用な苛性ソーダなどを得ることができる。したがって、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を、その略全体を特段の煩雑な操作を経ずに、電気化学反応に付すだけで、資源として有効利用することが可能になる。
RAの炭化水素基は置換基を有してもよい。RAの炭化水素基が採り得る置換基に特に制限はない。例えば、上述した製紙工程で発生する黒液などに含まれるシナピン酸、クマル酸、カフェ酸などは、いずれもRA-COOMBに包含される。したがって、RAの炭化水素基が採り得る置換基の代表的な例として、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~3の低級アルコキシ基、より好ましくはメトキシ基)、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基などが挙げられる。
RAの炭化水素基の炭素数は1~40が好ましく、3~35がより好ましく、5~30が更に好ましく、8~25が特に好ましい。この炭素数は、炭化水素基が置換基を有する場合には当該置換基中の炭素原子を含めた炭素数である。
上記MCのアルカリ土類金属として、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、及びバリウムなどが挙げられる。(RA-COO)2MCはマグネシウム塩及び/又はカルシウム塩の形態を含むことが好ましく、より好ましくはマグネシウム塩及び/又はカルシウム塩である。したがって、MC-(OH)2は、好ましくはMg(OH)2及び/又はCa(OH)2を含み、より好ましくはMg(OH)2及び/又はCa(OH)2である。
酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、エナント酸、カプリル酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、マルガリン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘン酸、リグノセリン酸、セロチン酸、モンタン酸、及びメリシン酸などの飽和脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩;
パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、バクセン酸、リノール酸、(9、12、15)-リノレン酸、(6、9、12)-リノレン酸、エレオステアリン酸、アラキジン酸、ミード酸、アラキドン酸、ネルボン酸、エルカ酸、エイコサペンタン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、ソルビン酸、及びリシノール酸などの不飽和脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩;
安息香酸、桂皮酸、シナピン酸、クマル酸、カフェ酸等の芳香族基含有カルボン酸化合物のアルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩;
などが挙げられ、これらの1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。
(a)植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓、
(b)製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液、及び
(c)脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水。
上記(a)~(c)がRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液であることは、上述した通りである。本発明において「RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液が、(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液を含む」とは、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液の少なくとも一部が、上記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液であることを意味する。例えば、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液は、上記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液であってもよく、上記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液を希釈したものでもよく、上記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液を濃縮したものであってもよい。
本発明のアルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造方法は、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液が、上記(a)~(c)のいずれか1種を含み、他の2種は含まない形態であることがより好ましい。
本発明のアルカリ金属水酸化物の製造方法における電気化学反応について説明する。図4は、上記電気化学反応に使用される電気化学反応装置の基本構成を模式的に示す説明図である。なお、本発明に用いる電気化学反応装置それ自体は、通常の電気化学反応装置の構成を適宜に適用することができる。すなわち、上記電気化学反応装置は、陽極1及び陰極2を備える。陽極1を構成する材料に特に制限はなく、電気化学反応に通常用いられる陽極材料を適宜に適用することができる。例えば白金、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、鉄、アルミニウム、黒鉛、及びアルミニウム/マグネシウム合金(ジュラルミン)などを陽極材料として用いることができる。陰極2の構成材料もまた、電気化学反応に通常用いられる陰極材料を適宜に適用することができる。例えば、白金、チタン、ニッケル、鉄、アルミニウム、及び黒鉛などを陰極材料として用いることができる。
また、陽極1及び陰極2の形状は特定の形状に限定されない。陽極1及び陰極2の形状は、好ましくは棒状、板状及又は箔状である。陽極1及び陰極2は、孔を有する形状、例えば金網状、メッシュ状であってもよい。
2RA-COOMB→RA-RA+2CO2+2e-+2MB+ (1)
2H2O+2e-→2OH-+H2 (2)
2RA-COOMB+2H2O→RA-RA+2CO2+H2+2MBOH (3)
これまで、RA-COOMBと水とを含む液を電気化学反応に付した際に、陽極において炭化水素が生成することは知られていた。しかし、生じたMB+イオンがどのような挙動を示すのか、すなわち、上記式(3)の反応が実際に生じていることは知られていなかった。この点についてより詳細に説明する。
上記式(1)で発生した二酸化炭素(CO2)は、水素や酸素に比べて水への溶解性は格段に高い。二酸化炭素は水に溶解した状態では重炭酸イオン(HCO3 -)となり、MB+を中和する(電気的に中性にする)ことが考えられる。この場合、上記式(2)で生成したOH-イオンは、通常の水の電気分解と同様に、陽極1で酸化されて酸素分子になると考えられる。しかし、本発明者らが検討した結果、後述する実施例に示すように、RA-COOMBと水とを含む液を電気化学反応に付すと、陽極1において炭化水素の有機合成反応を生じながら、液中のpHは数分でpH10以上にまで上昇すること、つまり上記式(3)の反応によりアルカリ金属水酸化物が高効率に生じていることが明らかとなった。仮に、MB+が重炭酸イオンにより中和されてHCO3MBが生じていれば、液のpHは8~9程度に留まるものである。
なお、上記ではRA-COOMBを用いる形態を説明したが、上記の説明は(RA-COO)2MCを用いた場合にも同様に妥当するものである。
回収された炭化水素は、例えば燃料、ロウ、絶縁材料、防湿材料、防水材、研磨剤、医薬品、化粧品、成形材有機溶媒、ワックス、潤滑油、有機溶媒等として利用可能である。RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液が、例えば、上記の油滓、黒液、及び石鹸廃水の少なくとも1種の廃液を含む場合、回収された炭化水素は植物由来であり、この炭化水素を含む燃料はカーボンニュートラルである。
陽イオン交換膜としては、強酸性陽イオン交換膜でもよく弱酸性陽イオン交換膜でもよい。なお、陽イオン交換膜の陽イオン交換性基は水素原子を有する形態でもよく、アルカリ金属イオンで交換(置換)された状態にあってもよい。陽イオン交換性基が水素原子を有する状態で使用した場合、電気化学反応を行えば経時的に水素原子がMB+イオンやMC2+イオンに置き換わり、その後、MB+イオンやMC2+イオンの陰極側への移行がスムーズに行われるようになる。
両極間をイオン透過性の隔膜5で隔て、陽極側にRA-COOMBと水とを含む液4を入れ、陰極側に水6を入れて電気化学反応を行う形態を図5に模式的に示す。図5に示すように、陽極で生じたMB+イオンは濃度勾配にしたがって選択的に陰極側へと移行し、陰極側でOH-イオンにより中和され、陰極側において高純度のアルカリ金属水酸化物水溶液が得られる。なお、陰極側に入れる水は、水道水、蒸留水、純水などを適宜に用いることができる。また、本発明において「水」という場合、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、アルカリ金属水酸化物、その他の電解質などを含んでいてもよい意味である。
「RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を用いる」とは、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液の少なくとも一部として油滓を用いることを意味する。例えば、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液は油滓そのものであってもよく、油滓の希釈物でもよく、油滓の濃縮物であってもよい。
「RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を用いる」とは、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液の少なくとも一部として黒液を用いることを意味する。例えば、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液は黒液そのものであってもよく、黒液の希釈物でもよく、黒液の濃縮物であってもよい。
「RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を用いる」とは、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液の少なくとも一部として上記石鹸廃水を用いることを意味する。例えば、RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液は上記石鹸廃水そのものであってもよく、上記石鹸廃水の希釈物でもよく、上記石鹸廃水の濃縮物であってもよい。
上記脂肪酸エステルの製造方法の例として、脂肪酸メチルエステルの製造方法が好ましく挙げられる。
すなわち、本発明によれば、陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、前記電気化学装置により、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
さらに、これらの製造装置と、これらの製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステムが提供される。
上記のアルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置の大きさは、目的に応じて適宜に設計される。
アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に供給する手段は特に制限されず、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(通常は水溶液の状態)を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程の現場へと運ぶことができるあらゆる手段が包含される。例えば、電解槽と脱酸工程現場とを配管で繋ぎ、配管内にアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液を流通させることにより、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脱酸工程の現場へと運ぶことができる。また、電解槽から回収したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液をトラックやフォークリフト等により脱酸工程の現場へと運んでもよい。
すなわち、本発明によれば、陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、前記電気化学装置により、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
さらに、これらの製造装置と、これらの製造装置の陰極側に生成するアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステムが提供される。
上記のアルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置の大きさは、目的に応じて適宜に設計される。
アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に供給する手段は特に制限されず、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(通常は水溶液の状態)を製紙における蒸解工程の現場へと運ぶことができるあらゆる手段が包含される。例えば、電解槽と蒸解工程現場とを配管で繋ぎ、配管内にアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液を流通させることにより、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を蒸解工程の現場へと運ぶことができる。また、電解槽から回収したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液をトラックやフォークリフト等により蒸解工程の現場へと運んでもよい。
すなわち、本発明によれば、陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、前記電気化学装置により、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置が提供される。
さらに、これらの製造装置と、これらの製造装置を用いて製造されたアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステムが提供される。
上記のアルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置の大きさは、目的に応じて適宜に設計される。
アルカリ金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応工程に供給する手段は特に制限されず、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応工程の現場へと運ぶことができるあらゆる手段が包含される。例えば、電解槽と上記生成反応工程の現場とを配管で繋ぎ、配管内にアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液を流通させることにより、アルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を上記生成反応工程の現場へと運ぶことができる。また、電解槽から回収したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液をトラックやフォークリフト等により上記生成反応工程の現場へと運んでもよい。
図4に示す構成の電気化学反応装置の電解槽3(容積150cm3)に、RA-COOMBと水とを含む液としてカプリル酸ナトリウムの2質量%(0.12mol/L)水溶液100mL(pH8.8)を入れた。陽極1として白金箔、陰極2として白金箔を使用し、40℃、電流密度0.2A/cm2の条件下、15分間の電気化学反応に付した。時間の経過とともに表層に油相が浮いてきた。これは、コルベ電解により炭化水素などの有機物が生成していることを示す。油相を分離、回収し、電解槽3中の液についてはpHの変化をモニタリングした。その結果、液のpHは当初の9付近から、電気化学反応開始から6分後には11以上へと高まり、反応終了時点(電気化学反応開始から15分後)のpHは12.7であった(下記表1)。つまり、アルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)が高効率に生成することが裏付けられた。
実施例1において、RA-COOMBの種類とその水溶液濃度、反応温度、及び電流密度を下記表1に示す通りとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして電気化学反応を行った。実施例2~7のいずれにおいても、実施例1と同様に、時間の経過とともに表層に油相が浮いてきた。油相を分離、回収し、電解槽3中の液についてはpHの変化をモニタリングした。結果を下記表1に示す。
下記表1されるように、実施例2~7のいずれにおいても、電気化学反応により短時間にpHが大きく上昇し、アルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)が高効率に生成することが裏付けられた。
図5に示す構成の電気化学反応装置を用いて電気化学反応を行った。この電気化学反応装置は、電解槽3に配した両極間がイオン透過性の隔膜5(商品名:Nafion NRE-212、merck社製)で隔てられており、電解槽3の陽極側(陽極槽)の容積が75cm3、陰極側(陰極槽)の容積も75cm3である。
電解槽3の陽極側に、RA-COOMBと水とを含む液としてカプリル酸ナトリウムの2質量%(0.12mol/L)水溶液50mLを入れた。また、陰極側には、水50mLを入れた。この状態で、陽極槽の液のpHは7.8、陰極槽の液のpHは6.8であった。陽極1として白金箔、陰極2として白金箔を使用し、50℃、電流密度0.2A/cm2の条件下、15分間の電気化学反応に付した。時間の経過とともに陽極槽のみで表層に油相が生じた。つまり、陽極でコルベ電解により炭化水素などの有機物が生成していることが確認された。この油相を分離、回収し、陽極槽と陰極槽中の各液についてはpHの変化をモニタリングした。その結果、反応終了時点(電気化学反応開始から15分後)において、陽極槽の液のpHは7.5であったのに対し、陰極槽の液のpHは12.5まで大きく上昇した(下記表2)。他方、反応終了後の陰極槽の液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した結果、有機物は検出されなかった。つまり、コルベ電解により生成した炭化水素などの有機物は、すべて陽極槽に留まっていることがわかった。
なお、参考例として、電圧をかけずに(電流密度0.0A/cm2)15分後にpHを測定したところ、陽極槽と陰極槽の各液のpH変化はほとんど認められなかった(下記表2)。
このように、電解槽の両極間を隔膜で隔てて、本発明で規定する電気化学反応を行うことにより、コルベ電解により生じた有機物を陽極槽に、アルカリ金属水酸化物(MB-OH)を陰極槽に、それぞれ選択的に分離できることが裏付けられた。
2 陰極
3 電解槽
4 RA-COOMBと水とを含む液
5 イオン透過性の隔膜
6 水
Claims (23)
- RA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を電気化学反応に付して、陽極でコルベ電解反応を生じて少なくともRA-RAと二酸化炭素とMB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンを生成し、陰極で水の電気分解により生じるOH-イオンにより前記MB+イオン及び/又はMC2+イオンを中和することを含む、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造方法。
RAは炭化水素基を示し、MBはアルカリ金属を示し、MCはアルカリ土類金属を示す。 - 前記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液が、下記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1種の廃液を含む、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
(a)植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓、
(b)製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液、及び
(c)脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水。 - 前記中和により生じたMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を含む反応液を、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽の一方の側に入れ、該槽の該隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れ、前記MB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を該水中へと移行させる、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記電気化学反応において、電解槽をイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てる、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記隔膜により陽極側と陰極側とを隔て、陽極側に前記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液を入れ、陰極側に水を入れて、前記電気化学反応を行う、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記電気化学反応において、前記電解槽の前記隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に前記陽極と前記陰極とを配して前記電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜により隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、該水中へと前記MB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を移行させる、請求項4に記載の製造方法。
- 前記隔膜が陽イオン交換膜である、請求項3~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記MBのアルカリ金属としてナトリウム及び/又はカリウムが含まれる、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、前記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に利用することを含む、植物油脂の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、前記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に利用することを含む、製紙方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法において、前記のRA-COOMB及び/又は(RA-COO)2MCと水とを含む液として、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を用いてアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を得、このアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応に利用することを含む、脂肪酸エステルの製造方法。
- 陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
- イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程で生じる油滓を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 請求項12~14のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を植物油脂の製造における脱酸工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
- 陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
- イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
製紙における蒸解後の洗浄工程で生じる黒液を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 請求項16~18のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を製紙における蒸解工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
- 陽極と陰極と電解槽とを備えた電気化学装置と、内部がイオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた槽とを有し、
前記電気化学装置により、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を電気化学反応に付して反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、得られた反応液を前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れ、前記槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 陽極と、陰極と、陽極側と陰極側とを隔てるイオン透過性の隔膜とを備えた電解槽を有し、脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を陽極側に、水を陰極側に入れて電気化学反応を行う、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。
- イオン透過性の隔膜で隔てられた電解槽と、該隔膜により隔てられた一方の側に配された、陽極及び陰極とを有し、
脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステル画分の洗浄工程で生じる石鹸廃水を含む液を、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた一方の側に入れて、電気化学反応により反応液中にMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を生じ、前記電解槽の前記隔膜で隔てられた他方の側には水を入れて、前記反応液中のMB-OH及び/又はMC-(OH)2を前記水中へと移行させる、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物の製造装置。 - 請求項20~22のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置と、該製造装置を用いて製造したアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物を脂肪酸エステルの製造における粗脂肪酸エステルの生成反応工程に供給する手段とを備える、アルカリ金属/アルカリ土類金属水酸化物のリサイクルシステム。
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