WO2022184953A1 - Dispositivo sensor aislado y apantallado de descargas parciales de tipo transformador de corriente de alta frecuencia, hfct, de alta ganancia y baja distorsión con sistema de autochequeo para equipos e instalaciones de alta tension - Google Patents
Dispositivo sensor aislado y apantallado de descargas parciales de tipo transformador de corriente de alta frecuencia, hfct, de alta ganancia y baja distorsión con sistema de autochequeo para equipos e instalaciones de alta tension Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022184953A1 WO2022184953A1 PCT/ES2022/070106 ES2022070106W WO2022184953A1 WO 2022184953 A1 WO2022184953 A1 WO 2022184953A1 ES 2022070106 W ES2022070106 W ES 2022070106W WO 2022184953 A1 WO2022184953 A1 WO 2022184953A1
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- coil
- measurement
- ferrite core
- coaxial cable
- self
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/16—Construction of testing vessels; Electrodes therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of protection systems that use the measurement of partial discharges and more specifically to a sensor for measuring partial discharges of the "high frequency current transformer” (HFCT) type to be connected to an instrument 50 W digital input impedance measurement device, with 9 mV/mA gain, 0.5 MHz to 40 MHz bandwidth, flat response ( ⁇ 10%) between 1 MHz and 30 MHz, and immunity better than -40 dB against external interference of frequencies of up to 30 MHz with an electric field value of up to 60 V/m and with a self-checking system to verify its correct state.
- HFCT high frequency current transformer
- the sensor object of the present invention has application in the grounding of high-voltage equipment and installations, such as the braids of the screens of power cable systems connected to ground through which partial discharge pulses are drained.
- high frequency current transformers are sensors commonly used in the measurement of partial discharges.
- the state of the art includes some sensors for the measurement of partial discharges, but their performance in high frequency ranges (between 1 MHz and 30 MHz) is not fully satisfactory on all occasions.
- the gain expressed in mV/mA (or “transfer impedance” in the literature), which is the output voltage of the sensor relative to the input current when loaded with an impedance of 50 W, is not very flat. in the high frequency range, which implies a greater distortion of the signal to be measured and, therefore, a greater insecurity of the device.
- the sensors present in the market when they present a high gain (>8 mV/mA) in the frequency range of interest from 1 MHz to 30 MHz, they are not able to keep their gain constant in the high frequency band from 1 MHz to 30 MHz, thus significantly distorting the shape of the partial discharge pulse to be measured, negatively affecting the accuracy of the measurement.
- the sensors that keep their gain characteristic constant in the referred frequency range present a low gain ( ⁇ 5 mV/mA).
- High-frequency current transformer (HFCT) type sensors are used to monitor partial discharges in high-voltage installations under service conditions of high electric fields, in the order of tens of volts per meter. Therefore, it is very convenient to have a metallic shield to ensure that the measurement signal is immune to interference electric fields characteristic of high-voltage electrical installations.
- HFCT High-frequency current transformer
- shielding by means of a metallic, copper or aluminum casing, painted or covered with an insulating layer.
- These shields may be effective in terms of immunity, but are poor from a safety point of view. electrical insulation, since an abrasion or defect in the insulating coating layer can cause the derivation of dangerous voltages in its screen and consequently in the measurement cable, endangering the integrity of the measurement instrument and even of the operator who handles it.
- a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT) type partial discharge sensor device for high-voltage equipment and installations, comprising :
- the sensor device further comprises:
- the first measurement coil comprises five flat turns and an additional return turn that is also flat.
- the gain reaches a value of 9 mV/mA and is constant ( ⁇ 10%) in the range between 0.5 MHz v 30 MHz.
- the additional return loop serves to improve the frequency response of the sensor and is arranged on an outer cylindrical surface of the ferrite core, isolated from the five flat turns that make up the coil.
- one end of the additional return loop is arranged following a "U" geometry with appropriate dimensions to achieve an impedance of 50 W adaptation, equal to that of the measurement cable.
- the five flat turns according to one embodiment of the invention, they have dimensions of 5 mm wide and 125 ⁇ m thick.
- the first measurement coaxial cable has a characteristic impedance of 50 W and is welded to the first measurement coil as follows: the screen of the coaxial cable welded to the final end of the measurement coil measurement corresponding to the return loop and the active conductor of the coaxial cable welded to the initial end of the measurement coil, which is matched in impedance to the average cable, thanks to the U-shaped geometry of the final end of the return loop. Additionally, in one of the particular embodiments, it is contemplated to arrange an insulating, adhesive, flexible and transparent sheet of polyamide film covering the welds between the coaxial cable and the first measurement coil.
- the second auxiliary check coil according to one of the embodiments of the invention, comprises two turns.
- the ferrite core of the sensor device is a toroidal core of high permeability MnZn ferrite. Specifically, in one of the embodiments, measurements are contemplated for the ferrite core with an internal diameter of 54.3 mm, an external diameter of 87.0 mm and a thickness of 13.5 mm. Additionally, it is contemplated that the ferrite core is split into two equal halves with two air gaps of 125 pm each.
- a U-shaped copper wrap with at least 35 ⁇ m thickness which shields the assembly of ferrite core, first measurement coil and second auxiliary coil.
- the shielding covers the outer cylindrical surface of the ferrite toroid with the two coils and their two circular crowns, which constitute the lower and upper base of the core, leaving only the inner cylindrical part of the toroid unshielded, where the laying cable(s) to land they pass.
- This U-shaped shield allows the partial discharge current pulse to induce a magnetic flux through the ferrite core, but at the same time it prevents external interferences from inducing appreciable interference flux in the core.
- the shielded assembly is embedded with an outer resin coating to form the sensor device of the present invention. It is contemplated that it comprises a layer of epoxy resin at least 3 mm thick. Additionally, the resin layer incorporates a mark in the form of an arrow pointing towards the ground, which guides the correct installation of the device, thanks to a mold designed for it. If this mark is not formed in the resin, it would have to be incorporated in a supplementary way, for example, by means of a sticker, with the drawbacks of having to resist the weather of an outdoor installation. This arrow mark in the direction of the ground of the installation is important to identify the polarity of the pulse and with it to identify if the defect comes from inside or outside the installation or equipment.
- the present invention therefore offers an advantageous alternative to state-of-the-art solutions such as high-frequency current transformers that use ferrite as the magnetic core, since the specific winding materials and techniques achieve a low-cost sensor with high performance characteristics. gain and bandwidth from 0.5 MHz to 50 MHz with flat response ( ⁇ 10%) in the range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz, achieving high measurement accuracy, thanks to the selection of a MnZn ferrite and a measurement winding with flat turns and a flat return turn mounted on the outer cylindrical surface of the ferrite, with a copper shield embedded in resin that simultaneously provides it with excellent immunity and high external dielectric strength (> 10 kV ) at low cost.
- the characteristics listed below make the sensor of the present invention especially advantageous compared to those existing in the state of the art.
- High gain (1) (> 8 mV/mA) v constant ( ⁇ 10%) in the range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz.
- the sensor device of the present invention has a characteristic curve of gain as a function of frequency which presents a high gain of 9 mV/mA with a flat response ( ⁇ ⁇ 10%) in the frequency range of interest, between 1 MHz and 30 MHz, thanks to the five turns with return loop, all of them flat and wound at the MnZn ferrite.
- the present invention has an auxiliary coil so that a signal can be injected remotely.
- known signal that allows checking, even remotely, the signal measured by the sensor and in this way verify if it is within the operating tolerances or if, on the contrary, it presents a fault, without the need to access the sensor, other than to its replacement in case of fault detection.
- a resistor has been placed in series with the self-check coil to maintain a high gain of 9 mV/mA, with a flat response ( ⁇ 10%) in the range. of frequencies from 1 MHz to 30 MHz.
- the gain loss when incorporating the auxiliary self-check winding is less than 5% for the frequency range up to 70 MHz, which justifies the correct design of the sensor.
- High immunity to interference better than -40 dB, for frequencies up to 30 MHz.
- the sensor device of the present invention has an internal copper shield, which protects the measurement and self-check coils, as well as the ferrite core, which is embedded in resin.
- This shielding is effective for frequencies up to 30 MHz, with a characteristic shielding curve comparable to those of other sensors on the market with external copper or aluminum shielding.
- the advantage of the internal shielding made by copper adhesive tape less than 0.2 mm compared to the external shielding of 1 mm aluminum or copper sheet, is its lower cost, greater compaction of the sensor and better possibility of external electrical insulation when it is embedded. in resin. 4) High electrical insulation characteristics (>10 kV; 50 Hz).
- the partial discharge sensor device of the present invention uses an internal copper shield, embedded in a thickness of epoxy resin at least 3 mm thick, to guarantee electrical insulation greater than 10 kV at 50 Hz, a value greater than the eventual voltages that are considered to appear in the grounded masses of the high voltage equipment and installations.
- the partial discharge sensor device of the present invention has all the elements that make up the magnetic and electrical circuit embedded in its resin, with the exception of the cables that come out of the sensor.
- This compact design is integrated into a resin block that makes the assembly a robust sensor against the effects of corrosion, since there is no external metal part exposed to corrosive atmospheric agents that could appear in the vicinity of the installation where be installed.
- the only metallic elements of the sensor correspond to the BNC connectors at the ends of both coaxial cables that connect to the measuring instrument, where the conditions environmental conditions must be in accordance with a proper instrumentation environment.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the sensor.
- FIG. 3 conceptually represents the “U” shielding of the coils.
- FIG. 4 shows a constructive solution of the present invention, with details of the core and the winding of the measuring coil.
- FIG. 5 shows in detail the "U" arrangement of the end of the return loop, shielding the initial end of the measurement coil.
- FIG. 6 shows in detail the connection of the coaxial cable with the measuring coil.
- FIG. 7 shows the insulating layer arranged on the welds of the cable and the measuring coil.
- FIG. 8 represents a view of the sensor embedded in resin and the coaxial measurement cables.
- the present invention discloses a high-frequency current transformer type partial discharge sensor device, HFCT, for high-voltage equipment and installations, such as the one shown in Figure 1.
- Figure 2 conceptually represents the magnetic circuit of the device, composed of a high permeability ferrite core (1), in which the magnetic field (2) produced by the transient current pulses i(t) to be measured (3 ) of partial discharges.
- the core is divided into two equal halves (4) so that the two air gaps prevent the ferrite from saturating in the face of 50 Hz alternating currents that circulate through the cable screen or the ground of the equipment in which the sensor is placed.
- a coil with five turns plus one return (5) is wound on the ferrite core so that a current circulates proportional to the transient partial discharge current i(t) to be measured.
- the signal captured by the coil must be measured through a measurement instrument (6) with an input impedance of 50 W (7).
- a second two-turn coil (8) in series with a damping resistor (9) is used to inject a self-test pulse (10) when required.
- a coaxial cable (13) with a characteristic impedance of 50 W is connected to each of the coils, through the resistance (9) in the case of the self-check coil.
- the coils, resistance and connections with the coaxial cables are shielded by a copper tape (11) that is embedded in resin (12).
- Figure 3 shows how the ferrite core (1), the measurement coil (5) and the self-check coil (8) are shielded by a U-shaped copper tape (11) to mitigate interference. (14), while being capable of capturing the magnetic field created by the current pulse i(t) of the partial discharge (3).
- Insulating tapes are used to electrically isolate the ferrite (1) from the coils (5) and (8), the coils from each other and these from the copper shield (11).
- the screen of the coaxial cable corresponding to the measurement coil (5) and the internal copper shielding are electrically connected at a single point so that they form the ground of the sensor.
- Figure 4 shows in detail the constructive solution of the present invention in this preferred embodiment. It consists of a toroidal core of ferrite M n Z n (1) with an initial relative permeability of 6,000, an internal diameter of 54.3 mm and an external diameter of 87.0 mm, and a thickness of 13.5 mm.
- the core is divided into two equal halves with two air gaps of 125 pm each, as shown by the markings (15) in figure 4.
- the purpose of the air gaps is to avoid saturation of the core for the 50 Hz currents expected in operation by grounded wires or grounds where the sensor is connected.
- the ferrite core is covered with a transparent, flexible, adhesive insulating sheet of polyamide film, or alternatively can be coated with varnish insulator with low relative permittivity ( ⁇ 2.5), on which five flat turns (16) 125 pm thick and 5 mm wide are wound, and an additional return turn (17) fixed on the outer cylindrical surface of the ferrite of the same width and thickness dimensions as the coiled turns in the core toroid.
- Figure 5 shows in detail how the final end of the return loop (17) is formed with a "U"-shaped geometry, (18), with appropriate dimensions to achieve a matching impedance of 50 W, in order to shield and match the initial end (19) of the measurement coil with the characteristic impedance of the measurement cable.
- Figure 6 shows in detail a measurement coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 W, soldered to the measurement coil.
- the screen (20) of the coaxial cable is welded to the end (21) of the return loop (17) and the active conductor of the coaxial cable (22), is welded to the initial end (19) of the measurement coil, which is shielded in the U-shaped geometry (18) of the final end of the return loop (17).
- the solder connection of the coaxial cable and the measurement coil is covered by a transparent, flexible, adhesive insulating sheet (23) of polyamide film, to electrically separate them from the copper shielding that is installed on top.
- the second two-turn coil (8) is placed on the insulating layer (23) that covers the toroidal ferrite core (1) and the welds of the coaxial measurement cable (13).
- the self-test coil is also insulated with a transparent flexible adhesive insulation sheet. Instead of having adhesive, flexible and transparent insulating sheets, insulating varnish with equivalent insulating technical characteristics can be used.
- This auxiliary coil (8) allows the sensor gain self-check to be carried out.
- the self-check coil must not overlap with any turn of the measurement coil, therefore, when winding the measurement coil, an angular sector of, preferably, about 3 cm of external arc must be left free, without covering the ferrite toroid. .
- the auxiliary coil has a damping resistor connected in series, in this preferred embodiment of 300 W, so as not to affect appreciably ( ⁇ 5%) the gain of the measurement coil.
- the soldering connections of the resistance with the self-checking coil and with the active cable of the coaxial, as well as that of the screen of the latter with the other end of the coil is insulated by a polyamide film.
- the ferrite core assembly (1) and the two coils are shielded (11) by means of a copper wrap of at least 35 pm thickness, U-shaped to cover the outer cylindrical surface of the toroid and the two circular crowns, which constitute the lower and upper bases of the toroid.
- the shield leaves the inner cylindrical part of the toroid uncovered, as shown in figure 3, so that the current pulse of the partial discharge (3) that circulates through the grounding conductor can be coupled to the ferrite toroid. , while the external interferences (14) are mitigated with the shielding.
- the shield of the test lead is internally connected to the copper shield.
- the ferrite assembly, the two shielded coils (the measurement and the test coil), the connections of the two coaxial cables soldered to both coils, the series resistor and the copper shield are embedded in resin, typically black in color, to achieve a coating of at least 3 mm thick with an external shape as shown in figure 1.
- an arrow-shaped mark (24) is formed on one side of the sensor, with so that its correct position can be identified from the outside of the resulting resin block, arrow pointing towards the ground when installed. In this way it is possible to identify the polarity of the measurement pulse.
- the senor device has external measurements of 110 mm wide and 125 mm high, with a thickness of 25 mm. It can be supplied with a coaxial cable with a maximum length of 15 m, although it is recommended that the length be as short as possible so as not to lose gain.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/548,808 US20240168078A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2022-02-28 | Isolated and shielded partial discharge sensor device of high-frequency current transformer type, hfct, high gain and low distortion with self-heating system for high voltage equipment and installations |
EP22762659.5A EP4303597A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2022-02-28 | Insulated, shielded partial discharge sensor device of the high-frequency current transformer (hfct) type, with high gain and low distortion, and with self-check system for high-voltage equipment and installations |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES202130183A ES2859164B2 (es) | 2021-03-03 | 2021-03-03 | Dispositivo sensor aislado y apantallado de descargas parciales de tipo transformador de corriente de alta frecuencia, hfct, de alta ganancia y baja distorsion con sistema de autochequeo para equipos e instalaciones de alta tension |
ESP202130183 | 2021-03-03 |
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WO2022184953A1 true WO2022184953A1 (es) | 2022-09-09 |
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PCT/ES2022/070106 WO2022184953A1 (es) | 2021-03-03 | 2022-02-28 | Dispositivo sensor aislado y apantallado de descargas parciales de tipo transformador de corriente de alta frecuencia, hfct, de alta ganancia y baja distorsión con sistema de autochequeo para equipos e instalaciones de alta tension |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240168078A1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP4303597A1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2859164B2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2022184953A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116990646A (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏征途技术股份有限公司 | 一种抗干扰能力强的高频传感器装置 |
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CN208188187U (zh) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-12-04 | 上海交通大学 | 一种用于电缆局部放电检测的高频电流传感器 |
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2021
- 2021-03-03 ES ES202130183A patent/ES2859164B2/es active Active
-
2022
- 2022-02-28 EP EP22762659.5A patent/EP4303597A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-28 WO PCT/ES2022/070106 patent/WO2022184953A1/es active Application Filing
- 2022-02-28 US US18/548,808 patent/US20240168078A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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CN203950018U (zh) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-19 | 河北天河电力建设代理有限公司 | 高压电缆局部放电检测传感器 |
CN104569761A (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 国家电网公司 | 一种架空电缆局部放电带电检测传感器 |
CN205193220U (zh) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-27 | 上海莫克电子技术有限公司 | 一种电缆局放检测传感器 |
CN206248765U (zh) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-06-13 | 江苏省电力公司泰州供电公司 | 一种用于局部放电检测的手持式高频电流传感器 |
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Cited By (2)
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CN116990646A (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏征途技术股份有限公司 | 一种抗干扰能力强的高频传感器装置 |
CN116990646B (zh) * | 2023-08-04 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏征途技术股份有限公司 | 一种抗干扰能力强的高频传感器装置 |
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US20240168078A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
EP4303597A1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
ES2859164A1 (es) | 2021-10-01 |
ES2859164B2 (es) | 2022-09-30 |
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