CN104266665B - 电感式传感器 - Google Patents

电感式传感器 Download PDF

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CN104266665B
CN104266665B CN201410474732.4A CN201410474732A CN104266665B CN 104266665 B CN104266665 B CN 104266665B CN 201410474732 A CN201410474732 A CN 201410474732A CN 104266665 B CN104266665 B CN 104266665B
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CN104266665A (zh
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谢勇
姜春华
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SHANGHAI LANBAO SENSING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/089405 priority patent/WO2016041466A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H03K17/9502Measures for increasing reliability
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/028Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
    • G01D3/036Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure on measuring arrangements themselves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/10Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H03K17/9505Constructional details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/945Proximity switches
    • H03K17/95Proximity switches using a magnetic detector
    • H03K17/9515Proximity switches using a magnetic detector using non-linear magnetic devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D3/00Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
    • G01D3/028Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电感式传感器的屏蔽方法,属于传感器技术领域。本发明公开了一种电感式传感器的屏蔽方法,在环状探测线圈外面加一个环状屏蔽线圈,该屏蔽线圈将探测线圈包围在内,屏蔽线圈的径向厚度小于探测线圈的径向厚度。本发明还公开了一种使用该电感式传感器的屏蔽方法的电感式传感器。在电感式传感器原有的探测线圈外面加一个屏蔽线圈,两线圈产生的磁场方向相反且部分抵消,当有干扰时,两线圈产生的磁场同时受影响并衰减或增长相同的强度,因此叠加后的磁场强度能保持恒定不变,谐振电压能不衰减,既提高了电感式传感器的抗干扰度,又不影响电感式传感器的灵敏度。

Description

电感式传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电感式传感器,特别涉及一种电感式传感器的屏蔽方法。
背景技术
现有常见的电感式传感器,分为带铁氧体壶形磁芯的和不带铁氧体壶形磁芯的。
带铁氧体壶形磁芯的电感式传感器,使用铁氧体壶形磁芯和缠绕在铁氧体壶形磁芯上的线圈组成的线圈系统检测金属。该铁氧体壶形磁芯的结构为自屏蔽式,只在一个方向有开口,因此线圈系统产生的磁场只存在于该开口方向上。如图1a结合图1b所示,传感器包括一个外壳1.1,连接电缆1.3和线圈1.7缠绕在铁氧体壶形磁芯1.5内组成的线圈系统1.8,这种传感器只在该传感器壳体1.1的前方检测区域1.2上存在磁场。这种传感器不受轻微的电磁干扰的影响,但如果该传感器附近有强烈的电磁干扰,比如焊接机器人,这可能会影响所用的铁氧体的磁特性,从而干扰传感器。
不带铁氧体壶形磁芯的电感式传感器,线圈缠绕在塑料管上。这种传感器的磁场分布较广,为了得到一个定向的磁场,通常在其线圈周围增加不同厚度的具有良好导电性能的金属环或金属管,比如使用铜将线圈侧面完全包围,削弱环状屏蔽线圈的径向磁场,只保留其正面的磁场。如图1a结合图1c所示,传感器包括一个外壳1.1,连接电缆1.3和线圈1.7缠绕在塑料管1.10周围组成的线圈系统1.8,线圈1.7的外面还被铜环1.9包围,使传感器只在该传感器壳体1.1的前方检测区域1.2上存在磁场。但这种传感器在降低周围金属对传感器的影响的同时,也削弱了检测区域1.2上的磁场,降低了传感器的灵敏度。
发明内容
本发明的目的,是提供一种电感式传感器的屏蔽方法,既能提高电感式传感器对外部磁场的抗扰度和降低周围金属对传感器的影响,又不影响电感式传感器检测的灵敏度。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种电感式传感器的屏蔽方法,在环状探测线圈外面加一个环状屏蔽线圈,该环状屏蔽线圈将环状探测线圈包围在内,环状屏蔽线圈的径向厚度小于环状探测线圈的径向厚度,环状屏蔽线圈产生的磁场与环状探测线圈产生的磁场部分反向抵消,且两个磁场同时衰减或增长,使叠加后的磁场强度保持恒定不变。
一种使用前述电感式传感器的屏蔽方法的电感式传感器,所述传感器外壳呈圆柱形,该外壳中具有至少两个沿外壳的轴向连续排列的环状探测线圈,每个环状探测线圈的外面还至少被一个环状屏蔽线圈包围,环状屏蔽线圈的径向厚度小于环状探测线圈的径向厚度;
所述环状屏蔽线圈产生的磁场与环状探测线圈产生的磁场部分反向抵消,且两个磁场同时衰减或增长,使叠加后的磁场强度保持恒定不变。
所述传感器的环状探测线圈缠绕在塑料管上,环状探测线圈与环状屏蔽线圈之间填充有绝缘材料。
前述传感器还包括测试电路,该测试电路包括谐振电路、分压电路、屏蔽电路和差分放大电路,两个环状探测线圈分别与谐振电容串联组成谐振电路后并联在电压源输出的输出端,该两组谐振电路的谐振频率相同,产生的两组谐振电压分别经分压比相同的分压电路分压后,接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,两个环状屏蔽线圈分别经延迟器后接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,环状探测线圈与包围在其外面的环状屏蔽线圈的匝数之比正比于分压电路的分压比。
所述传感器的环状探测线圈缠绕铁氧体壶形磁芯上,环状屏蔽线圈缠绕在铁氧体壶形磁芯的外壳上。
前述传感器还包括测试电路,该测试电路包括谐振电路、分压电路、屏蔽电路和差分放大电路,两个环状屏蔽线圈并联在电压源输出的输出端,两个环状探测线圈分别与谐振电容串联组成谐振电路,该两组谐振电路的谐振频率相同,产生的两组谐振电压分别经分压比相同的分压电路分压后,接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,环状探测线圈与包围在其外面的环状屏蔽线圈的匝数之比正比于分压电路的分压比。
本发明的有益效果在于:在电感式传感器原有的环状探测线圈外面加一个环状屏蔽线圈,两线圈产生的磁场方向相反且部分抵消,当有干扰时,两线圈产生的磁场同时受影响并衰减或增长相同的强度,因此叠加后的磁场强度能保持恒定不变,谐振电压能不衰减,既提高了电感式传感器的抗干扰度,又不影响电感式传感器的灵敏度。
附图说明
图1a为现有技术电感式传感器的外观图;
图1b为现有技术带有铁氧体壶形磁芯的电感式传感器的内部结构图;
图1c为现有技术不带有铁氧体壶形磁芯的电感式传感器的内部结构图;
图2a为本发明电感式传感器的内部结构示意图;
图2b为图2a的截面结构示意图;
图3为本发明电感式传感器内不带有铁氧体壶形磁芯的测试电路原理图;
图4为本发明电感式传感器内带有铁氧体壶形磁芯的测试电路原理图;
其中:1.1-外壳,1.2-检测区域,1.3-电缆,1.4-传感器周围的金属,1.5-铁氧体壶形磁芯,1.6-磁场线,1.7-线圈,1.8-线圈系统,1.9-短路环,1.10-塑料管,2.1-电子开关,2.2和2.3-环状探测线圈,2.4-微处理器,2.5-低阻抗输出,2.6和2.7-谐振电容,2.8和2.9-谐振电压,2.10-差分放大器,2.11-差分信号,2.12和2.13-环状屏蔽线圈,2.14-缓冲器,2.15-输出信号。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图,进一步阐述本发明。
如图2a和2b所示,两个环状探测线圈2.2和2.3串联后,沿传感器外壳的轴向连续排列外壳内,其中环状探测线圈2.2在前,环状探测线圈2.3距前面的环状探测线圈2.2为5毫米,两个环状探测线圈2.2和2.3的侧面分别被环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13包围,且环状探测线圈2.2和2.3的线圈匝数大于环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13的线圈匝数。
如图3所示,是不带铁氧体壶型磁芯的电感式传感器内使用的测试电路。微处理器2.4控制接在电源上的电子开关2.1,使开关频率为250千赫,提供一个低阻抗输出2.5,环状探测线圈2.2与谐振电容2.6组成第一谐振电路,环状探测线圈2.3和谐振电容2.7组成第二谐振电路,两组谐振电路的谐振频率相同,并联在低阻抗输出2.5上;两组谐振电路产生的谐振电压2.8和2.9分别经比较电阻Rl和R2以及比较电阻R3和R4的分压后,接入差分放大器2.10的正、负输入端;环状屏蔽线圈2.12环绕环状探测线圈2.2,环状屏蔽线圈2.13环绕环状探测线圈2.3,环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13分别经延迟器2.14后也接在差分放大器2.10的正、负输入端,即由分压后的谐振电压2.8和2.9驱动环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13。比较电阻R1和R2的分压比与比较电阻R3和R4的分压比相同,环状探测线圈2.2和2.3的线圈匝数大于环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13的线圈匝数,环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13与环状探测线圈2.2和2.3的线圈匝数比相同,且正比于比较电阻R1和R2的分压比。
如图4所示,是带铁氧体壶型磁芯的电感式传感器内使用的测试电路。环状探测线圈2.2和2.3并联在低阻抗输出2.5上,低阻抗输出2.5直接驱动环状探测线圈2.2和2.3,环状屏蔽线圈2.12环绕环状探测线圈2.2,环状屏蔽线圈2.13环绕环状探测线圈2.3;环状探测线圈2.2与谐振电容2.6组成第一谐振电路,环状探测线圈2.3和谐振电容2.7组成第二谐振电路,两组谐振电路产生的谐振电压2.8和2.9分别经比较电阻Rl和R2以及比较电阻R3和R4的分压后,接入差分放大器2.10的正、负输入端。此电路中,环状屏蔽线圈2.12与环状探测线圈2.2之间的耦合系数和环状屏蔽线圈2.13与环状探测线圈2.3之间的耦合系数足够大。由于环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13产生的磁场很强,该磁场强度基本不会被在外壳1.1和短路环1.9周围产生的涡流损耗减弱,因而谐振电压2.8和2.9基本保持不变。
环状探测线圈2.2和2.3与环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13产生的磁场方向相反且部分抵消,通过调整环状探测线圈2.2和2.3以及环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13的线圈匝数比,使环状探测线圈2.2和2.3与环状屏蔽线圈2.12和2.13产生的磁场在受到外部干扰时,衰减相同的强度,即环状探测线圈2.2和环状屏蔽线圈2.12叠加后的磁场强度以及环状探测线圈2.3和环状屏蔽线圈2.13叠加后的磁场强度保持不变,再调整两组谐振电路中的环状探测线圈2.2和2.3以及谐振电容2.6和2.7,使谐振电压2.8和2.9没有衰减,基本保持不变。
当位于传感器前端的检测区域没有金属靠近时,谐振电压2.8和2.9相同,即差分放大器2.10没有输出;当位于传感器前端的检测区域有金属靠近时,由于检测线圈2.2在前,检测线圈2.3在后,该金属对检测线圈2.2和2.3产生的磁场的影响不同,导致谐振电压2.8和2.9不相同,差分放大器2.10输出差分信号2.11,微处理器2.4通过判断差分信号2.11来区分是否有金属靠近传感器。

Claims (5)

1.一种电感式传感器,其特征在于:所述传感器外壳呈圆柱形,该外壳中具有至少两个沿外壳的轴向连续排列的环状探测线圈,每个环状探测线圈的外面还至少被一个环状屏蔽线圈包围,环状屏蔽线圈的径向厚度小于环状探测线圈的径向厚度;
所述环状屏蔽线圈产生的磁场与环状探测线圈产生的磁场部分反向抵消,且两个磁场同时衰减或增长,使叠加后的磁场强度保持恒定不变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电感式传感器,其特征在于:所述环状探测线圈缠绕在塑料管上,环状探测线圈与环状屏蔽线圈之间填充有绝缘材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电感式传感器,其特征在于:所述传感器还包括测试电路,该测试电路包括谐振电路、分压电路、屏蔽电路和差分放大电路,两个环状探测线圈分别与谐振电容串联组成谐振电路后并联在电压源的输出端,该两组谐振电路的谐振频率相同,产生的两组谐振电压分别经分压比相同的分压电路分压后,接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,两个环状屏蔽线圈分别经延迟器后接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,环状探测线圈与包围在其外面的环状屏蔽线圈的匝数之比正比于分压电路的分压比。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电感式传感器,其特征在于:所述环状探测线圈缠绕铁氧体壶形磁芯上,环状屏蔽线圈缠绕在铁氧体壶形磁芯的外壳上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电感式传感器,其特征在于:所述传感器还包括测试电路,该测试电路包括谐振电路、分压电路、屏蔽电路和差分放大电路,两个环状屏蔽线圈并联在电压源输出的输出端,两个环状探测线圈分别与谐振电容串联组成谐振电路,该两组谐振电路的谐振频率相同,产生的两组谐振电压分别经分压比相同的分压电路分压后,接差分放大电路的正、负输入端,环状探测线圈与包围在其外面的环状屏蔽线圈的匝数之比正比于分压电路的分压比。
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