WO2022183592A1 - 一种气浮电主轴和钻机 - Google Patents

一种气浮电主轴和钻机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022183592A1
WO2022183592A1 PCT/CN2021/092497 CN2021092497W WO2022183592A1 WO 2022183592 A1 WO2022183592 A1 WO 2022183592A1 CN 2021092497 W CN2021092497 W CN 2021092497W WO 2022183592 A1 WO2022183592 A1 WO 2022183592A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
assembly
radial
iron core
air bearing
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PCT/CN2021/092497
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛建
吴根城
程振涛
王立军
李家乐
汤秀清
Original Assignee
广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022183592A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183592A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B39/00—General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of boring and/or drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/12—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine
    • B23Q11/126—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only
    • B23Q11/127—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine for cooling only for cooling motors or spindles

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the fields of turning and boring, and particularly relates to an air-floating electric spindle and a drilling rig.
  • the air bearing and drive motor of the traditional electric spindle are independent of each other, and their respective functions are also single, which makes the traditional electric spindle have the following shortcomings:
  • the size of the electric spindle is larger and the weight is heavier;
  • the axial dimension of the rotating shaft core is longer, and the larger deflection generated when the shaft core rotates restricts the operation accuracy of the electric spindle; at the same time, the longer shaft core makes it more difficult to guarantee the machining accuracy, and the process reliability cannot be improved. ;
  • the shaft core of the main shaft is too long, the weight is heavier, and its moment of inertia is larger, which restricts the response speed of the main shaft;
  • the shaft core of the main shaft is too long and the weight is heavier, the friction loss of its operation is greatly increased, and the power consumption is increased, which restricts the improvement of the efficiency of the electric spindle.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an air-floating electric spindle and a drilling rig.
  • an air-floating electric spindle includes:
  • the body assembly is provided with an axial inner hole
  • the shaft core assembly is provided with a rotor and a flying disc, and the shaft core assembly is supported on the axial inner hole through an air bearing;
  • the air bearing includes an air bearing motor assembly and an air bearing thrust bearing assembly
  • the air bearing motor assembly includes a stator iron core, the stator iron core is located outside the rotor, and the stator iron core is provided with a coil Windings and radial air supply holes, the radial air supply holes are distributed along the circumference of the stator core, and are used to form a static pressure air film supporting the shaft core assembly after ventilation. Said frisbee coordination.
  • the stator iron core is provided with an iron core inner hole, and a plurality of iron core wire slots are opened along the inner surface of the iron core inner hole, and the coil winding is arranged in the iron core wire slot, the stator iron core is provided with the radial air supply hole between the adjacent iron core wire slots, the inner hole of the iron core is sleeved with a bushing, and the bushing is provided with A damping plug butted with the radial air supply hole.
  • the stator iron core extends in the axial direction, and the stator iron core is provided with multiple turns of the radial air supply holes in the axial direction.
  • a sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the stator iron core, an air supply groove is set on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve, and the sleeve is in the air supply groove.
  • a through hole is opened in the middle which is communicated with the radial air supply hole, the sleeve is installed in the axial inner hole along with the stator iron core, and the air supply groove is communicated with the air path of the body assembly.
  • a cooling water groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve, the cooling water groove is communicated with the water path of the body assembly, and the sleeve is located between the cooling water groove and the cooling water groove.
  • a sealing ring is arranged between the air supply grooves.
  • the shaft core assembly is provided with a rotor position inside the stator iron core, and the rotor position is provided with a copper squirrel cage or a permanent magnet .
  • a protective layer is provided outside the rotor position, and the protective layer includes a ceramic coating or a non-magnetically conductive stainless steel sleeve or a carbon fiber layer.
  • the flying disc is provided at the lower end of the shaft core assembly, and further includes a radial-axial air bearing assembly and an axial air bearing assembly,
  • the outer circle of the radial and axial air bearing assembly is assembled in the axial inner hole of the body assembly, the end face of the radial and axial air bearing assembly is assembled on the lower end face of the body assembly, and the axial air bearing assembly
  • the assembly is arranged below the radial-axial air bearing assembly, the flying disc is located between the axial air bearing assembly and the radial-axial air bearing assembly, and the outer side of the flying disc is located in the axial direction.
  • a gap isolation plate is arranged between the air bearing assembly and the radial and axial air bearing assembly.
  • the shaft core assembly includes a shaft core and a broach assembly disposed at the lower end of the shaft core, and a cylinder assembly is provided at the upper end of the body assembly .
  • a drilling rig includes the air-floating electric spindle according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • the radial air bearing of the present invention is deeply integrated with the motor, so that it has both the function of the air bearing and the function of the motor. Compared with the traditional electric spindle of the same type, a group of parts is correspondingly reduced. It is more compact and the space utilization is more reasonable, which creates conditions for improving the power of the electric spindle under the same volume;
  • the invention deeply integrates the air bearing and the motor, and makes full use of the valuable space of the electric spindle, so that compared with the traditional electric spindle with the same power, the space of a group of radial air bearings or a motor position can be reduced, and the electric power can be improved at the same time.
  • the performance of the spindle; under the condition that the volume space of the electric spindle is not reduced, the power can be increased by 1.5 to 2 times compared with the traditional electric spindle of the same volume.
  • the present invention Compared with the traditional electric spindle, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Miniaturization and light weight Compared with the traditional air-floating electric spindle, the present invention deeply integrates the radial air-bearing and the stator of the motor, and cancels the radial air-bearing distributed at both ends of the stator of the traditional air-floating electric spindle motor. , which greatly saves the valuable internal space of the electric spindle, reflecting the design purpose of miniaturization and light weight;
  • the rotating shaft core of the present invention is greatly shortened under the same power, so that the deflection generated when the shaft core rotates is greatly reduced, and the running accuracy of the electric spindle is improved; At the same time, the shortening of the shaft core makes it easier to ensure the machining accuracy, and the process reliability is improved;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the air bearing motor assembly of an embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the stator core of an embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment bushing shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment sleeve shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a structural cross-sectional view of the sleeve of an embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the shaft core assembly shown in FIG. 1 .
  • “several” means one or more, “multiple” means two or more, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding”, etc. are understood as not including this number; “above”, “below” and “within” “ etc. are understood to include the original number.
  • “first” and “second” are only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features or Implicitly indicates the order of the indicated technical features.
  • words such as “set”, “install” and “connect” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it may be a fixed connection or a
  • the detachable connection can also be integrally formed; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be the internal communication between the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows the reference direction coordinate system of the embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the directions shown in FIG. 1 .
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an air-floating electric spindle, including a body assembly 1 and a shaft core assembly 2, and the body assembly 1 is provided with an axial inner hole 11.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 is provided with a rotor 21 and a flying disc 22, and the shaft core assembly 2 is supported on the axial inner hole 11 through an air bearing.
  • the air bearing includes an air bearing motor assembly 3 and an air bearing thrust bearing assembly.
  • the air bearing motor assembly 3 includes a stator iron core 31, which is located outside the rotor 21, and the stator iron core 31 Coil windings 32 and radial air supply holes 33 are provided.
  • the stator iron core 31 and the coil windings 32 form a stator, which is combined with the rotor 21 of the shaft core assembly 2 to form a motor.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 is driven by the motor to rotate at high speed.
  • the radial air supply holes 33 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 31, and are used to form a static pressure air film supporting the shaft core assembly 2 after ventilation. load.
  • the present invention mainly deeply integrates the radial air bearing and the motor stator.
  • the clean and stable compressed air is input from the outside and enters the integrated bearing of the electric spindle.
  • the compressed air is blown out from the bearing and forms an air floating surface with the rotating shaft core assembly 2, thereby
  • the shaft core assembly 2 is supported to make it levitate, and the integrated bearing is used as a driving motor to drive the rotating shaft core to rotate at a high speed to achieve torque output, which can be used for drilling the material to be processed.
  • This is different from the same type of electric spindle on the market.
  • the air bearing and drive motor of the traditional electric spindle are independent of each other, and their respective functions are also single.
  • the air flow of the air bearing motor assembly 3 has the following functions. First, through the radial air supply holes 33 in the air bearing motor assembly 3, the air is blown out to suspend the shaft core in the shaft core assembly 2; The air passage in the air bearing motor assembly 3 blows out from the radial air supply hole 33 of the air bearing motor assembly 3 to cool the rotor 21 in the shaft core assembly 2 .
  • the radial air bearing of the present invention is deeply integrated with the motor, so that it has both the function of the air bearing and the function of the motor. Compared with the traditional electric spindle of the same type, a group of parts is correspondingly reduced. It is more compact and the space utilization is more reasonable, which creates conditions for improving the power of the electric spindle under the same volume.
  • the invention deeply integrates the air bearing and the motor, and makes full use of the valuable space of the electric spindle, so that compared with the traditional electric spindle with the same power, the space of a group of radial air bearings or a motor position can be reduced, and the electric power can be improved at the same time.
  • the stator iron core 31 is provided with an iron core inner hole 34 , and a plurality of iron core wire slots 35 are opened along the inner surface of the iron core inner hole 34 , and each iron core wire slot 35 is along the stator iron.
  • the axial direction of the core 31 extends, and the coil winding 32 is arranged in the core wire slot 35 to form the motor stator.
  • the stator iron core 31 is provided with radial air supply holes 33 between adjacent iron core wire slots 35 .
  • the radial air supply holes 33 penetrate the stator iron core 31 , and the number of the radial air supply holes 33 can be set as required.
  • the inner hole 34 of the iron core is sleeved with a bushing 36 , and the bushing 36 is fixedly connected with the stator iron core to form a whole.
  • the bushing 36 separates the core wire slot 35 and the coil winding 32 from the shaft core assembly 2 , and the air bearing motor assembly 3 forms a flat and continuous inner circular surface of the air bearing through the bushing 36 .
  • the bushing 36 is provided with a damping plug 37 which is abutted with the radial air supply hole 33 .
  • the number of damping plugs 37 corresponds to the number of radial air supply holes 33 , and the shaft core in the shaft core assembly 2 is suspended by blowing air from the damping plug 37 in the air bearing motor assembly 3 .
  • the stator iron core 31 extends in the axial direction, and the extension length can be determined according to the radial support requirements of the shaft core assembly 2 .
  • the stator iron core 31 is provided with multiple radial air supply holes 33 in the axial direction, for example, in FIG. 2 3, the stator core 31 is provided with two radial air supply holes 33 along the axial direction.
  • the radial support of the shaft core assembly 2 can be completed only by the air bearing motor assembly 3 , or a radial air bearing assembly can be separately provided inside the body assembly 1 as required.
  • a sleeve 38 is sleeved on the outer side of the stator iron core 31 , the sleeve 38 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the stator iron core 31 , and is connected with the stator iron core 31 as one overall.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 38 is provided with an air supply groove 39, and the sleeve 38 is provided with a through hole 310 in the air supply groove 39 that communicates with the radial air supply hole 33.
  • the radial air supply hole 33 is annularly distributed on the stator core 31 for supply
  • the air grooves 39 extend annularly on the outer circumference of the sleeve 38 corresponding to the radial air supply holes 33 .
  • the sleeve 38 is installed in the axial inner hole 11 along with the stator iron core 31, and is sealed with the body assembly 1.
  • the air supply groove 39 is communicated with the air path of the body assembly 1, and the air in the air path is distributed through the air supply groove 39. It enters each via hole 310 , and further enters each radial air supply hole 33 through the via hole 310 , and finally blows to the shaft core assembly.
  • a cooling water groove 311 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 38 , the sleeve 38 is installed in the axial inner hole 11 along with the stator iron core 31 , and is sealed and fitted with the body assembly 1 , and the cooling water groove is 311 communicates with the water circuit of the body assembly 1 , the water plays a cooling role in the electric spindle, and the cooling water groove 311 on the outer circumference of the sleeve 38 can be used to cool the stator part of the air bearing motor assembly 3 .
  • the cooling water groove 311 extends annularly along the outer circumference of the sleeve 38, and the sleeve 38 is provided with a sealing ring between the cooling water groove 311 and the air supply groove 39, so as to prevent the water and air paths from being connected.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 is provided with a rotor position inside the stator iron core 31, and the rotor position is provided with a copper squirrel cage or a permanent magnet.
  • the structure of the rotor position in the shaft core assembly 2 can adopt squirrel cage induction.
  • the motor can also be made of a permanent magnet motor. It is combined with the stator of the air bearing motor assembly 3 to form an AC motor.
  • a protective layer 23 is provided on the outer side of the rotor position, and the protective layer 23 shields the rotor position and forms the outer surface of the shaft core assembly 2 which is smooth and transitions with the outer circle of the shaft core, so as to better connect with the air bearing motor.
  • Component 3 mates.
  • the protective layer 23 includes a ceramic coating or a non-magnetically conductive stainless steel jacket or a carbon fiber layer.
  • the structure of the protective layer 23 can be made of ceramic coating, or other polymer material coating, or non-magnetic stainless steel, or non-metallic material such as carbon fiber winding process.
  • the flying disc 22 is provided at the lower end of the shaft core assembly 2
  • the electric spindle further includes a radial and axial air bearing assembly 4 and an axial air bearing assembly 5 .
  • the radial and axial air bearing assembly The outer circle of 4 is assembled in the axial inner hole 11 of the body assembly 1, the end face of the radial and axial air bearing assembly 4 is assembled on the lower end face of the body assembly 1, and the axial air bearing assembly 5 is arranged in the radial axial air bearing assembly 5.
  • the flying disc 22 is located between the axial air flotation bearing assembly 5 and the radial axial air flotation bearing assembly 4, and the flying disc 22 is outside the axial air flotation bearing assembly 5 and the radial axial air flotation bearing assembly 4 A gap isolation plate 6 is provided therebetween.
  • the water and air cover plate 7 is connected by bolts, and the axial air bearing assembly 5, the flying disc 22 of the shaft core assembly 2, and the lower end surface of the radial axial air bearing assembly 4 are pressed and locked together on the lower end of the body assembly 1.
  • a gas radial thrust combined bearing is further arranged below the air bearing motor assembly 3, so as to ensure the simplicity of the structure and further improve the running stability of the shaft core assembly 2.
  • the water channel of the body assembly 1 can also cool the radial-axial air bearing assembly 4 and the axial air bearing assembly 5 .
  • Air is blown from the damping plug 37 in the air bearing motor assembly 3, the damping plug 37 in the radial and axial air bearing assembly 4, and the damping plug 37 in the axial air bearing assembly 5 through the air path in the main shaft Come out to suspend the shaft core in the shaft core assembly 2.
  • the stator of the air bearing motor assembly 3 is powered by the frequency converter, so that the shaft core assembly
  • the shaft core in 2 is supported by the air blown out from the damping plug 37 hole in the air bearing motor assembly 3, the radial and axial air bearing assembly 4, and the axial air bearing assembly 5 to perform high-speed rotational motion.
  • the shaft core assembly 2 includes a shaft core and a broach assembly 9 arranged at the lower end of the shaft core, and the upper end of the body assembly 1 is provided with a cylinder assembly 8.
  • the piston in the cylinder assembly 8 pushes the push rod to generate a downward force on the broach assembly 9 in the shaft core assembly 2, which acts as a broach or a tool changer.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a drilling rig, including the air-floating electric spindle in any of the above embodiments.
  • This case only uses the PCB motorized spindle as an example to illustrate the technical solution of the deep integration of the air bearing and the motor.
  • This technical solution and its evolution solution can also be applied to other motorized spindles or mechatronic products. should be within the scope of protection in this case.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种气浮电主轴和钻机，包括：机体组件，设有轴向内孔；轴芯组件，设有转子和飞盘，所述轴芯组件通过气浮轴承支承于所述轴向内孔；其中，所述气浮轴承包括气浮轴承电机组件和气浮推力轴承组件，所述气浮轴承电机组件包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯位于所述转子外侧，所述定子铁芯设有线圈绕组和径向供气孔，所述径向供气孔沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，用于通气后形成支承所述轴芯组件的静压气膜，所述气浮推力轴承组件与所述飞盘配合。本发明的径向气浮轴承与电机深度集成在一起，使其既具备气浮轴承的功能，同时又具备电机的功能，相应减少了一组零件，其结构更加紧凑，空间利用更加合理，为相同体积下的电主轴功率提高创造了条件。

Description

一种气浮电主轴和钻机 技术领域
本发明用于车削、镗削领域，特别是涉及一种气浮电主轴和钻机。
背景技术
传统电主轴的气浮轴承和驱动电机是相互独立的，其各自的功能也是单一的，这使得传统的电主轴存在以下不足：
1.电主轴的体型更大，重量更重；
2.旋转轴芯的轴向尺寸更长，轴芯旋转时所产生的偏摆更大制约了电主轴的运转精度；同时更长的轴芯使其加工精度更难以保证，工艺可靠性无法提高；
3.主轴的轴芯过长，重量更重，其转动惯量更大，制约了主轴的响应速度；
4.主轴的轴芯过长，重量更重，电机转子的临界转速无法提高，制约了电主轴极限转速进一步提升；
5.主轴的轴芯过长，重量更重，其运转摩擦损耗大幅提升，功耗变大，制约了电主轴效率获得提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种气浮电主轴和钻机。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
第一方面，一种气浮电主轴，包括：
机体组件，设有轴向内孔；
轴芯组件，设有转子和飞盘，所述轴芯组件通过气浮轴承支承于所述轴向内孔；
其中，所述气浮轴承包括气浮轴承电机组件和气浮推力轴承组件，所述气浮轴承电机组件包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯位于所述转子外侧，所述定子铁芯设有线圈绕组和径向供气孔，所述径向供气孔沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，用于通气后形成支承所述轴芯组件的静压气膜，所述气浮推力轴承组件与所述飞盘配合。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述定子铁芯设有铁芯内孔，沿所述铁芯内孔的内表面开设多个铁芯线槽，所述线圈绕组设置于所述铁芯线槽，所述定子铁芯于相邻的所述铁芯线槽间设置所述径向供气孔，所述铁芯内孔套设衬套，所述衬套设有与所述径向供气孔对接的阻尼塞。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述定子铁芯沿轴向延伸，所述定子铁芯沿轴向设有多圈所述径向供气孔。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述定子铁芯外侧套设套筒，所述套筒外周面开设供气槽，所述套筒在供气槽中开设与所述径向供气孔导通的过孔，所述套筒随所述定子铁芯安装于所述轴向内孔，所述供气槽与机体组件的气路相连通。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述套筒外周面开设冷却水槽，所述冷却水槽与机体组件的水路相连 通，所述套筒在冷却水槽和所述供气槽之间设有密封圈。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴芯组件在所述定子铁芯的内侧设有转子位，所述转子位设有铜鼠笼或永磁体。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述转子位外侧设有保护层，所述保护层包括陶瓷涂层或非导磁不锈钢套或碳纤维层。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述飞盘设于所述轴芯组件下端，还包括径向轴向气浮轴承组件和轴向气浮轴承组件，所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件的外圆组装在机体组件的轴向内孔，所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件的端面组装在机体组件的下端面，所述轴向气浮轴承组件设置于所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件下方，所述飞盘位于所述轴向气浮轴承组件和所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件之间，所述飞盘外侧于所述轴向气浮轴承组件和所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件之间设有间隙隔离板。
结合第一方面和上述实现方式，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，所述轴芯组件包括轴芯和设置于所述轴芯下端的拉刀组件，所述机体组件上端设有气缸组件。
第二方面，一种钻机，包括第一方面中任一实现方式所述的气浮电主轴。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一：
本发明的径向气浮轴承与电机深度集成在一起，使其既具备气浮轴承的功能，同时又具备电机的功能，相比传统同类型的电主轴，相应减少了一组零件，其结构更加紧凑，空间利用更加合理，为相同体积下的电主轴功率提高创造了条件；
本发明将气浮轴承与电机深度集成，充分利用了电主轴的宝贵空间，使得相比同等功率下的传统电主轴可以减少一组径向气浮轴承或者一个电机位的空间，同时提高了电主轴的性能；当在不减少电主轴体积空间的条件下，相比同等体积下的传统电主轴可以将功率提高1.5～2倍。
本发明相比传统电主轴具备以下的优势：
1.小型化、轻量化：本发明相比传统气浮电主轴，将径向气浮轴承与电机的定子进行深度集成，取消了分布在传统气浮电主轴电机定子两端的径向气浮轴承，极大节省了电主轴的宝贵内部空间，体现了小型化、轻量化的设计目的；
2.高精度：本发明相比传统气浮电主轴，在同等功率下，其旋转轴芯极大缩短，如此轴芯旋转时所产生的偏摆就大幅降低，提高了电主轴的运转精度；同时轴芯变短使其加工精度更容易保证，工艺可靠性获得提高；
3.快响应：轴芯变短，重量变轻，其转动惯量自然变小了，主轴响应速度获得提高；
4.高转速：轴芯变短，重量变轻，电机转子的临界转速提高，电主轴极限转速进一步提升；
5.低功耗：轴心变短，重量变轻，其运转摩擦损耗大幅降低，功耗变小，电主轴效率获得提升；
6.大功率：本发明相比传统气浮电主轴，将径向气浮轴承与电机的定子进行深度集成，相当于在同等体积空间的电主轴中等于增加电机的体积，如此电机功率自然能够更大；
7.强散热、低温升：本发明相比传统气浮电主轴，将径向气浮轴承与电机的定子进行深度集成，从气浮轴承中吹出的压缩气体直接吹拂在转子上，使得转子的冷却极大改善，转子温升得到有效控制。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明一个实施例结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的一个实施例气浮轴承电机组件的结构示意图；
图3是图1所示的一个实施例定子铁芯的结构示意图；
图4是图1所示的一个实施例衬套的结构示意图；
图5是图1所示的一个实施例套筒的结构示意图；
图6是图1所示的一个实施例套筒的结构剖视图；
图7是图1所示的一个实施例轴芯组件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在 附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中，如果有描述到方向(上、下、左、右、前及后)时，其仅是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，而不是指示或暗示所指的技术特征必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，“若干”的含义是一个或者多个，“多个”的含义是两个以上，“大于”“小于”“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”“以下”“以内”等理解为包括本数。在本发明的描述中，如果有描述到“第一”“第二”仅用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明中，除非另有明确的限定，“设置”“安装”“连接”等词语应做广义理解，例如，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连；可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是一体成型；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或能够互相通讯；可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
其中，图1给出了本发明实施例的参考方向坐标系，以下结合图1所示的方向，对本发明的实施例进行说明。
参见图1，本发明的实施例提供了一种气浮电主轴，包括机体组 件1和轴芯组件2，机体组件1设有轴向内孔11。轴芯组件2设有转子21和飞盘22，轴芯组件2通过气浮轴承支承于轴向内孔11。
其中，参见图1、图2，气浮轴承包括气浮轴承电机组件3和气浮推力轴承组件，气浮轴承电机组件3包括定子铁芯31，定子铁芯31位于转子21外侧，定子铁芯31设有线圈绕组32和径向供气孔33，定子铁芯31和线圈绕组32形成定子，其与轴芯组件2的转子21组合形成电机，轴芯组件2在电机的驱动下高速旋转。径向供气孔33沿定子铁芯31的周向分布，用于通气后形成支承轴芯组件2的静压气膜，气浮推力轴承组件与飞盘22配合，以承受轴芯组件2的轴向载荷。
本发明主要将径向气浮轴承与电机定子进行了深度集成。由外部输入清洁、稳定的压缩空气，进入电主轴的集成式轴承中，经过径向供气孔33节流后，压缩空气再从轴承中吹出，与旋转轴芯组件2之间形成气浮面，从而支承轴芯组件2使其悬浮，此集成式轴承又被作为驱动电机以驱动旋转轴芯高速旋转，实现扭矩输出，可以用于对被加工材料进行钻削加工。这有别与市场上的同类型的电主轴，传统电主轴的气浮轴承和驱动电机是相互独立的，其各自的功能也是单一的。
气浮轴承电机组件3的气流具有以下作用，其一，通过气浮轴承电机组件3中的径向供气孔33中吹气出来把轴芯组件2中的轴芯悬浮起来；其二，通过主轴中的气路从气浮轴承电机组件3的径向供气孔33中吹出来，对轴芯组件2中的转子21起冷却作用。
本发明的径向气浮轴承与电机深度集成在一起，使其既具备气浮轴承的功能，同时又具备电机的功能，相比传统同类型的电主轴，相应减少了一组零件，其结构更加紧凑，空间利用更加合理，为相同体积下的电主轴功率提高创造了条件。
本发明将气浮轴承与电机深度集成，充分利用了电主轴的宝贵空间，使得相比同等功率下的传统电主轴可以减少一组径向气浮轴承或者一个电机位的空间，同时提高了电主轴的性能；当在不减少电主轴体积空间的条件下，相比同等体积下的传统电主轴可以将功率提高1.5～2倍。
在一些实施例中，参见图3，定子铁芯31设有铁芯内孔34，沿铁芯内孔34的内表面开设多个铁芯线槽35，每个铁芯线槽35沿定子铁芯31的轴向延伸，线圈绕组32设置于铁芯线槽35，形成电机定子。定子铁芯31于相邻的铁芯线槽35间设置径向供气孔33，径向供气孔33穿透定子铁芯31，径向供气孔33的数量可根据需要进行设置。
参见图2、图4，铁芯内孔34套设衬套36，衬套36与定子铁芯固定连接形成整体。衬套36将铁芯线槽35、线圈绕组32与轴芯组件2隔开，气浮轴承电机组件3通过衬套36形成气浮轴承的平整而连续的内圆面。为了实现将气体节流后吹向轴芯组件2，衬套36设有与径向供气孔33对接的阻尼塞37。阻尼塞37的数量与径向供气孔33的数量对应，通过气浮轴承电机组件3中的阻尼塞37中吹气出来把轴芯组件2中的轴芯悬浮起来。
参见图1，定子铁芯31沿轴向延伸，延伸长度可根据轴芯组件2的径向支承要求而确定，定子铁芯31沿轴向设有多圈径向供气孔33，例如在图2、图3所示的实施例中，定子铁芯31沿轴向设有两圈径向供气孔33。
可以理解的是，轴芯组件2的径向支承可仅通过气浮轴承电机组件3完成，也可以根据需要另外在机体组件1内部再单独设置径向气浮轴承组件。
在一些实施例中，参见图2、图5、图6，定子铁芯31外侧套设套筒38，套筒38套设于定子铁芯31的外周面，并与定子铁芯31连接为一个整体。套筒38外周面开设供气槽39，套筒38在供气槽39中开设与径向供气孔33导通的过孔310，径向供气孔33在定子铁芯31上呈环形分布，供气槽39对应于径向供气孔33在套筒38的外周呈环形延伸。套筒38随定子铁芯31安装于轴向内孔11，并与机体组件1密封贴合，供气槽39与机体组件1的气路相连通，气路中的气流经供气槽39分配进入各过孔310，进一步通过过孔310进入各径向供气孔33，最终吹向轴芯组件。
进一步的，参见图2、图5、图6，套筒38外周面开设冷却水槽311，套筒38随定子铁芯31安装于轴向内孔11，并与机体组件1密封贴合，冷却水槽311与机体组件1的水路相连通，水在电主轴中起冷却作用，套筒38外周的冷却水槽311能够用于冷却气浮轴承电机组件3的定子部分。冷却水槽311沿套筒38的外周呈环形延伸，套筒38在冷却水槽311和供气槽39之间设有密封圈，避免水路和气路 串通。
参见图7，轴芯组件2在定子铁芯31的内侧设有转子位，转子位设有铜鼠笼或永磁体，换言之，在轴芯组件2中转子位的结构形式可以采用鼠笼式感应电机做成，也可以采用永磁电机做成。其与气浮轴承电机组件3的定子就组合形成了一台交流电机。
进一步的，参见图7，转子位外侧设有保护层23，保护层23将转子位遮蔽，并形成与轴芯外圆平整过渡的轴芯组件2外表面，以更好的与气浮轴承电机组件3相配合。保护层23包括陶瓷涂层或非导磁不锈钢套或碳纤维层。换言之，保护层23结构形式可采用陶瓷涂层做成，也可采用其他高分子材料涂层做成，或者非导磁不锈钢做成，或者碳纤维等非金属材料缠绕工艺做成。
在一些实施例中，参见图1，飞盘22设于轴芯组件2下端，电主轴还包括径向轴向气浮轴承组件4和轴向气浮轴承组件5，径向轴向气浮轴承组件4的外圆组装在机体组件1的轴向内孔11，径向轴向气浮轴承组件4的端面组装在机体组件1的下端面，轴向气浮轴承组件5设置于径向轴向气浮轴承组件4下方，飞盘22位于轴向气浮轴承组件5和径向轴向气浮轴承组件4之间，飞盘22外侧于轴向气浮轴承组件5和径向轴向气浮轴承组件4之间设有间隙隔离板6。水气盖板7通过螺栓连接，压住轴向气浮轴承组件5、轴芯组件2的飞盘22、径向轴向气浮轴承组件4下端面一起锁紧固定在机体组件1下端。该实施例进一步在气浮轴承电机组件3的下方设置气体径向推力组合轴承，在保证结构简洁性的同时，进一步提升轴芯组件2运行 的稳定性。
同时，机体组件1的水路同样能够对径向轴向气浮轴承组件4、轴向气浮轴承组件5进行冷却。
通过主轴中的气路从气浮轴承电机组件3中的阻尼塞37、径向轴向气浮轴承组件4中的阻尼塞37、轴向气浮轴承组件5中的阻尼塞37孔中吹气出来把轴芯组件2中的轴芯悬浮起来，当轴芯组件2中的轴芯通过上述方法悬浮起来后，再通过变频器给气浮轴承电机组件3的定子供电，从而使得轴芯组件2中的轴芯在气浮轴承电机组件3、径向轴向气浮轴承组件4、轴向气浮轴承组件5中的阻尼塞37孔吹出的气体支承下做高速旋转运动。
参见图1，为了实现刀具在轴芯组件2上的安装和更换，轴芯组件2包括轴芯和设置于轴芯下端的拉刀组件9，机体组件1上端设有气缸组件8。在主轴静止的时候，通过气缸组件8中的活塞、推动推杆对轴芯组件2中的拉刀组件9产生一个向下的力，起拉刀或换刀的作用。
本发明的实施例还提供一种钻机，包括以上任一实施例中的气浮电主轴。本案只是以PCB电主轴作为示例来说明这种气浮轴承和电机深度集成一体式的这种技术方案，本技术方案及其演化方案同样可以应用在其他电主轴、或者机电一体化产品里面，都应该在本案的保护范围内。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“示例”、“实施例”或“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材 料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种气浮电主轴，其特征在于，包括：
    机体组件，设有轴向内孔；
    轴芯组件，设有转子和飞盘，所述轴芯组件通过气浮轴承支承于所述轴向内孔；
    其中，所述气浮轴承包括气浮轴承电机组件和气浮推力轴承组件，所述气浮轴承电机组件包括定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯位于所述转子外侧，所述定子铁芯设有线圈绕组和径向供气孔，所述径向供气孔沿所述定子铁芯的周向分布，用于通气后形成支承所述轴芯组件的静压气膜，所述气浮推力轴承组件与所述飞盘配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯设有铁芯内孔，沿所述铁芯内孔的内表面开设多个铁芯线槽，所述线圈绕组设置于所述铁芯线槽，所述定子铁芯于相邻的所述铁芯线槽间设置所述径向供气孔，所述铁芯内孔套设衬套，所述衬套设有与所述径向供气孔对接的阻尼塞。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯沿轴向延伸，所述定子铁芯沿轴向设有多圈所述径向供气孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯外侧套设套筒，所述套筒外周面开设供气槽，所述套筒在供气槽中开设与所述径向供气孔导通的过孔，所述套筒随所述定子铁芯安装于所述轴向内孔，所述供气槽与机体组件的气路相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述套 筒外周面开设冷却水槽，所述冷却水槽与机体组件的水路相连通，所述套筒在冷却水槽和所述供气槽之间设有密封圈。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述轴芯组件在所述定子铁芯的内侧设有转子位，所述转子位设有铜鼠笼或永磁体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述转子位外侧设有保护层，所述保护层包括陶瓷涂层或非导磁不锈钢套或碳纤维层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述飞盘设于所述轴芯组件下端，还包括径向轴向气浮轴承组件和轴向气浮轴承组件，所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件的外圆组装在机体组件的轴向内孔，所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件的端面组装在机体组件的下端面，所述轴向气浮轴承组件设置于所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件下方，所述飞盘位于所述轴向气浮轴承组件和所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件之间，所述飞盘外侧于所述轴向气浮轴承组件和所述径向轴向气浮轴承组件之间设有间隙隔离板。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的气浮电主轴，其特征在于，所述轴芯组件包括轴芯和设置于所述轴芯下端的拉刀组件，所述机体组件上端设有气缸组件。
  10. 一种钻机，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～9中任一项所述的气浮电主轴。
PCT/CN2021/092497 2021-03-02 2021-05-08 一种气浮电主轴和钻机 WO2022183592A1 (zh)

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