WO2022183430A1 - 一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管及其使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2022183430A1
WO2022183430A1 PCT/CN2021/079050 CN2021079050W WO2022183430A1 WO 2022183430 A1 WO2022183430 A1 WO 2022183430A1 CN 2021079050 W CN2021079050 W CN 2021079050W WO 2022183430 A1 WO2022183430 A1 WO 2022183430A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
tunnel
pipe
air duct
ventilation
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PCT/CN2021/079050
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡强
张安睿
崔炫
田娇
杨春平
春军伟
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贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/079050 priority Critical patent/WO2022183430A1/zh
Publication of WO2022183430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022183430A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/04—Air ducts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
    • E21F1/04—Air ducts
    • E21F1/06—Duct connections

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  • the invention relates to a mechanical ventilation pipe capable of adjusting the direction of a nozzle and a method for using the same, belonging to the technical field of tunnel ventilation equipment.
  • tunnel operation ventilation has gradually received attention and attention.
  • This ventilation method is reasonable and feasible for normal operation, but it also has obvious drawbacks.
  • the longitudinal ventilation mode the airflow flows along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the discharge efficiency of harmful gases in the tunnel is low.
  • the longitudinal ventilation cannot discharge the smoke generated by the combustion in time, which in turn affects the life safety of personnel. great threat.
  • the semi-cross ventilation mode the airflow flows perpendicular to the tunnel, which can greatly improve the smoke exhaust efficiency of harmful gases, but its operating cost is high, and the use cost is too large during normal operation, so it is generally rarely used.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sliding type manned rail car for tunnels, which aims to solve the problem of space conflicts between daily maintenance of tunnel facilities, fire rescue in tunnels and tunnel ground traffic.
  • a mechanical ventilation duct with adjustable nozzle direction which includes jet fans installed at intervals in the tunnel, longitudinal steel air ducts are installed on the top of the tunnel along the direction of the tunnel, and longitudinal steel air ducts are connected at intervals near the jet fan area.
  • the ventilation pipe is provided with an adjustment device that can realize one or a combination of actions of connecting, disconnecting, and displacing the air outlet of the jet fan.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation duct with adjustable nozzle direction is that the mechanical ventilation duct includes oblique connection steel air ducts, single oblique opening steel air ducts, double oblique opening steel air ducts, and telescopic steel air ducts that are connected in sequence.
  • the end of the obliquely connected steel air pipe is connected with the longitudinal steel air pipe, and the interface pipe can be connected with the air outlet of the jet fan;
  • the adjusting device includes an electric valve, a first rotating flange, a second rotating Flange plate and telescopic jack; the electric valve is connected to the oblique connection steel air duct, and the single oblique opening steel air duct is connected to one end of the double oblique opening steel air duct through the first rotating flange to realize rotation, and the double oblique opening steel air duct rotates.
  • the other end of the pipe is connected with the telescopic steel air pipe through the second rotating flange to realize rotation, and the telescopic jack drives the telescopic movement of the telescopic steel air pipe.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation pipe with adjustable nozzle direction is that the first rotating flange and the second rotating flange include a gradient pipe with an ellipse at one end and a circle at the other end, a flange inner plate and a flange outer plate.
  • the flanged inner disc is nested in the flanged outer disc and can be rotated in the flanged outer disc.
  • the circular mouth ends of the two gradient tubes are respectively connected with the flanged inner disc and the flanged outer disc.
  • the transmission tooth is connected with a stepper motor on the gradient tube connected with the inner plate of the flange, and the stepper motor is connected with a gear matched with the transmission tooth.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation pipe that can adjust the direction of the nozzle is: the electric valve is an electric shutter valve, an electric flap valve or an electric gate valve.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation pipe that can adjust the direction of the nozzle is that the interface pipe includes a fixed structure pipe, a convex steel arc plate, a concave steel arc plate, a telescopic spring, a steel strand and a steel strand retracting device,
  • the convex steel arc plates and the concave steel arc plates are alternately arranged and assembled into hollow tubes.
  • a spring is arranged in the groove, the convex steel blocks on both sides of the convex steel arc plate are respectively stuck in the grooves of the adjacent two concave steel arc plates and are in contact with the spring, the steel strand and the steel strand retracting device are provided On the outside of the convex steel arc plate and the concave steel arc plate, the length of the steel strand is adjusted by the steel strand retracting device, and then the spring deformation interface tube is closed.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation pipe that can adjust the direction of the nozzle is an anti-slip groove on the outside of the tunnel jet fan
  • the interface pipe also includes an anti-slip steel ring, which is composed of three or more cards. It is composed of three blocks, and more than three clamping blocks are respectively connected to the convex steel arc plate and the concave steel arc plate or one of them.
  • the anti-slip steel ring is connected to the tunnel jet fan.
  • the anti-slip grooves on the outside are matched, and the ventilation duct and the tunnel fan are in a locked state at this time.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation duct with adjustable nozzle direction is that the telescopic steel air duct is formed by sleeving more than two sections of short pipes, and the two ends of the telescopic jack are respectively connected to the short ends of the head end and the tail end of the telescopic steel air duct. tube.
  • the aforementioned mechanical ventilation pipe that can adjust the direction of the nozzle is that the ventilation pipe is a flexible corrugated pipe, and one end of the flexible corrugated pipe is connected with the longitudinal steel air pipe;
  • the adjustment device includes an electric control valve, an electric expansion device and a Mobile trolley, the electric control valve is installed at the interface end of the flexible corrugated pipe and the longitudinal steel air duct, one end of the electric expansion device is connected with one end of the flexible corrugated pipe, and the other end is connected with the mobile trolley, and the mobile trolley is connected to the longitudinal steel air duct. move up.
  • the method of using the mechanical ventilation duct with adjustable nozzle direction is to install longitudinal steel air duct along the tunnel direction at the top of the tunnel, and connect ventilation ducts on the longitudinal steel air duct near the jet fan area at intervals, and set on the ventilation duct.
  • There is an adjustment device so that in the normal use of the tunnel, the adjustment device adjusts the ventilation pipe to be closed and dislocated from the air outlet of the jet fan to ensure the normal ventilation operation of the jet fan.
  • the air outlets are docked, so that the flue gas in the tunnel quickly enters the longitudinal steel air duct, and is directly discharged from the tunnel through the longitudinal steel air duct to reduce the flue gas in the tunnel.
  • the invention makes full use of the spare space of the tunnel arch, and based on the existing fan in the tunnel, by adjusting the mechanical ventilation pipe to connect with the tunnel fan, the flow path of the wind flow is cleverly changed, and the jet fan in the normal operating state is longitudinally ventilated. Converted to semi-lateral ventilation in the event of a tunnel fire, the smoke exhaust efficiency of the tunnel can be greatly improved without increasing the operating cost too much, thereby improving the escape probability of trapped persons.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the front section of the mechanical ventilation duct.
  • Figure 3 is an overall structural diagram of an adjustable mouthpiece.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the end of the adjustable mouthpiece.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of two usage states of the rotating flange.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer flange of the rotary flange.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner flange of the rotating flange.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the mechanical ventilation duct.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the second rotating flange of the mechanical ventilation duct rotates by 180 degrees.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the first rotating flange of the mechanical ventilation duct is rotated 180 degrees.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the connection state between the three-section telescopic inclined steel air duct of the mechanical ventilation duct and the tunnel fan.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of another implementation method of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the recommended arrangement of the present invention in a rectangular tunnel.
  • FIG. 15 is a top view of the recommended arrangement of the present invention in a rectangular tunnel.
  • Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the recommended arrangement of the present invention in a flat tunnel.
  • Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the recommended arrangement of the air ducts of the present invention in a flat tunnel.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of tunnel ventilation in the event of fire in a one-way traffic tunnel.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of tunnel ventilation in the event of fire in a two-way traffic tunnel.
  • Embodiment 1 uses the following devices to achieve the predetermined action. It is that a longitudinal steel air duct 1 is installed at the top of the tunnel along the tunnel direction, and the longitudinal steel air duct 1 is close to the jet fan. Area 27 is connected with ventilation pipes at intervals. The longitudinal steel air pipe 1 and the jet fan 27 are suspended on the tunnel vault through the bolt base and the pre-embedded bolt hanging rod 11. There is an adjustment device on the ventilation pipe, so that under the normal use of the tunnel The adjusting device adjusts the ventilation pipe to be closed and dislocated from the air outlet of the jet fan 27 to ensure the normal ventilation operation of the jet fan 27.
  • the adjusting device adjusts the ventilation pipe to open and connect with the air outlet of the jet fan 27, so that the air in the tunnel is opened.
  • the flue gas enters the longitudinal steel air duct 1 quickly, and is directly discharged from the tunnel through the longitudinal steel air duct 1 to reduce the flue gas in the tunnel.
  • the ventilation pipe is connected in turn by the oblique connection of the steel air pipe 2, the single inclined steel air pipe 3, the double inclined steel air pipe.
  • the mouth steel air duct 4, the telescopic steel air duct 8 and the interface pipe 9 are formed, the end of the obliquely connected steel air duct 2 is connected with the longitudinal steel air duct 1, and the interface pipe 9 can be connected with the air outlet of the jet fan 27.
  • the adjustment device includes an electric valve 10, a first rotating flange 6, a second rotating The flange 7, the telescopic jack 14, the first rotating flange 6 and the second rotating flange 7 have the same structure; the electric valve 10 is connected to the obliquely connected steel air duct 2, and the electric valve 10 is the one on the market. Electric shutter valve, electric flap valve or electric gate valve that can be purchased.
  • the single-beveled steel air duct 3 is connected to one end of the double-beveled steel air duct 4 through the first rotating flange 6 to realize rotation, and the other end of the double-beveled steel air duct 4 is connected to the telescopic steel air through the second rotating flange 7.
  • the air duct 8 is connected to realize rotation, and the telescopic jack 14 drives the telescopic movement of the telescopic steel air duct 8 .
  • the first rotating flange plate 6 and the second rotating flange plate 7 of the same structure include a gradient tube 71 with one end being an ellipse and one end being a circle, a flange inner plate 72 and a flange outer plate 73, and the flange inner plate 72 and the flange.
  • the outer discs 73 are all hollow structures, and the inner flanged disc 72 is nested in the outer flanged disc 73 and can rotate in the outer flanged disc 73.
  • the nested structure is similar to the nested ball joint, but the ball head is hollow, but In order to increase the flexibility of rotation, balls are provided on the inner flange plate 72.
  • the inner flange plate 72 When in use, the inner flange plate 72 is sleeved into the outer flange plate 73, and the welding limit plate 76 limits the axial direction of the inner flange plate 72.
  • the circular mouth ends of the two gradient pipes 71 are respectively welded with the flange inner disk 72 and the flange outer disk 73, and the outer end face of the flange outer disk 73 is provided with an axial transmission tooth 74.
  • the pipe 71 is connected with a stepping motor 75, and the stepping motor 75 is connected with a gear that cooperates with the transmission teeth 74, and then the two elliptical ends of the first rotating flange 6 are respectively connected with the single-bevel steel air duct 3 and the double-bevel.
  • One end of the steel air duct 4 is connected; the two elliptical ends of the second rotating flange 7 are respectively connected with the double-inclined steel air duct 4 and the telescopic steel air duct 8 .
  • the interface pipe 9 includes a fixed structure pipe 5, a convex steel arc plate 21, a concave steel arc plate 22, a telescopic spring 23, a steel strand 24 and a steel strand.
  • the wire retracting device 25, the convex steel arc plates 21 and the concave steel arc plates 22 are alternately arranged and assembled into a hollow tube, the steel strand 24 is arranged at the mouth of the pipe, and the alternately arranged convex steel arc plates 21 and concave steel arc plates 21 and concave steel arc plates are arranged alternately.
  • the other end of the arc plate 22 is hinged on the fixed structure pipe 5, and the fixed structure pipe 5 is fixedly connected with one end of the telescopic steel air pipe 8.
  • the specific closing structure is that a spring 23 is provided in the groove of the concave steel arc plate 22,
  • the convex steel blocks on both sides of the convex steel arc plate 21 are respectively clamped in the grooves of the adjacent two concave steel arc plates 22 and are in contact with the spring 23.
  • the steel strand 24 and the steel strand retracting device 25 are arranged on the convex Outside the shaped steel arc plate 21 and the concave steel arc plate 22, the length of the steel strand 24 is adjusted by the steel strand retracting device 25, thereby causing the spring 23 to deform, and the mouthpiece 9 is closed.
  • the mouthpiece 9 also includes an anti-slip steel ring 26, and the anti-slip steel ring 26 It is composed of more than three blocks, and the more than three blocks are respectively connected to the convex steel arc plate 21 and the concave steel arc plate 22 or one of them.
  • the anti-slip steel ring 26 matches the anti-slip groove 28 on the outer side of the tunnel jet fan 27, and the ventilation duct and the tunnel fan 27 are in a locked state at this time.
  • the telescopic steel air duct 8 is formed by splicing two or more short pipes 81 with different pipe diameters. end and end stubs 81.
  • the electric valve 10, the first rotating flange 6, the second rotating flange 7 and the telescopic jack 14 in the adjusting device can be provided with independent control switches, and can also be provided with combined control to complete a certain specified action.
  • the specific actions are as follows. When the tunnel is in normal use, the state of the ventilation pipe and the jet fan 27 is shown in FIG.
  • the electric valve 10 is closed, the nozzle of the interface pipe 9 and the outlet of the jet fan 27 are staggered, and in the event of an emergency, the ventilation
  • the docking process of the pipe and the jet fan 27 is shown in Figure 8-12, the process is controlled by computer or manual, respectively a, the electric valve is opened; b, the telescopic steel air duct retracts; c, the second rotating flange Rotate 180 degrees; d. The first rotating flange rotates 180 degrees; e. The interface pipe is in a flared state; f.
  • the arrangement of the longitudinal steel air ducts 1 is related to the arrangement of the transverse passages in the tunnel. Due to the limitation of the available space in the tunnel, the pipe diameter of the longitudinal steel air duct 1 cannot be too large, and its ventilation capacity has a certain upper limit.
  • the longitudinal steel air duct 1 shall be laid out in sections according to the setting of the transverse passage in the tunnel, and the longitudinal steel air duct shall be led to the special air passage with a larger cross-section through the transverse passage, so as to ensure the ventilation efficiency.
  • the preferred solution is that the mechanical ventilation duct is used together with the tunnel jet fan 27, generally two sets are provided, while the longitudinal steel air duct 1 should be flexibly configured according to the available space of the tunnel arch.
  • a rectangular tunnel it is recommended to equip two longitudinal steel air ducts 1 with an outer diameter similar to that of the fan duct.
  • the specific arrangement sequence from the middle to both sides is the tunnel jet fan 27, the mechanical ventilation duct, and the longitudinal steel air duct 1 as shown in the figure. 14 and 15 are shown.
  • the flat-shaped tunnel it is recommended to install a longitudinal steel air duct 1 with a large diameter.
  • the specific arrangement sequence is from the vault to both sides of the longitudinal steel air duct 1, the mechanical ventilation duct, and the tunnel jet fan 27, as shown in the figure. 16 and 17 are shown.
  • the specific use method of the device is directly related to the direction of traffic flow in the tunnel. If it is a two-way traffic tunnel, in case of fire, it is advisable to adjust all mechanical ventilation pipes in the tunnel to connect the tunnel fans, completely change the ventilation mode of the tunnel to semi-transverse ventilation, and then use the power of the fans to ventilate the smoke generated by the fire along the longitudinal direction. If it is a one-way traffic section tunnel, the wind flow direction in the tunnel should be controlled to be consistent with the traffic flow direction, and the mechanical ventilation pipes near the fire site and downstream of the wind direction should be adjusted to connect the tunnel fan, and then use the fan and mechanical ventilation.
  • the ventilation pipe extracts and exhausts the dense smoke, thereby forming a combined ventilation mode of longitudinal ventilation in the upstream area of the fire point and semi-transverse ventilation in the fire point and its downstream area.
  • the predetermined action is realized by the following devices.
  • a longitudinal steel air duct 1 is installed along the tunnel direction at the top of the tunnel, and ventilation is connected to the area close to the jet fan 27 on the longitudinal steel air duct 1 at intervals.
  • the adjustment device adjusts the ventilation pipe to be closed and dislocated from the air outlet of the jet fan 27 to ensure the normal ventilation operation of the jet fan 27.
  • adjust the The device adjusts the ventilation pipe to open and connect with the air outlet of the jet fan 27, so that the flue gas in the tunnel quickly enters the longitudinal steel air duct 1, and is directly discharged from the tunnel by the longitudinal steel air duct 1 to reduce the smoke in the tunnel.
  • the pipe is a flexible corrugated pipe 30, and one end of the flexible corrugated pipe 30 is connected to the longitudinal steel air duct 1;
  • the adjustment device includes an electric control valve 31, an electric telescopic device 32 and a mobile trolley 33, and the electric control valve 31 is installed in the
  • the interface end of the flexible corrugated pipe 30 and the longitudinal steel air pipe 1 is provided with a tapered sleeve 34 at the end of the flexible corrugated pipe 30.
  • the trolley 33 is connected, and the moving trolley 33 moves on the longitudinal steel air duct 1 .
  • the electric control valve 31 when the tunnel is in normal use, the electric control valve 31 is closed, and the electric telescopic device 32 and the mobile trolley 33 drive the ventilation pipe and the air outlet of the jet fan 27 to dislocate, so as to ensure the normal ventilation operation of the jet fan 27.
  • the electric control valve 31 is opened, the electric telescopic device 32 and the mobile trolley 33 drive the flexible corrugated pipe to connect with the air outlet of the jet fan 27, so that the flue gas in the tunnel quickly enters the longitudinal steel air duct 1, and is directly discharged from the tunnel by the longitudinal steel air duct 1, reducing the Smoke in the tunnel.

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Abstract

一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管及其使用方法，该通风管包括间隔安装在隧道内的射流风机（27），在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管（1），在纵向钢风管（1）上接近射流风机（27）区域间隔连接有通风管，在通风管上设有能实现与射流风机（27）出风口连接、断开、位移的其中之一或组合动作的调节装置。该通风管充分利用隧道拱部的富余空间，并基于隧道内的既有风机，通过调节机械式通风管与隧道风机相接，巧妙的改变风流的流动路径，将正常营运状态下的射流风机纵向通风转变为隧道火灾情况下的半横向通风，在不过多增加运营成本的前提下可大幅提升隧道的排烟效率，进而提高被困人员的逃生机率。

Description

一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管及其使用方法，属于隧道通风设备技术领域。
背景技术
近些年来，随着安全与环保意识的加强，隧道运营通风也逐渐得到了关注与重视。考虑到后期运营成本，大多数的隧道采用射流风机纵向通风方式，该种通风方式应对正常运营状态是合理可行的，但其也存在明显的弊端。具体而言，纵向通风模式下气流沿隧道纵向流动，隧道内有害气体的排出效率较低，尤其是发生隧道火灾的情况，纵向通风无法及时排出燃烧产生的浓烟，进而对人员的生命安全构成极大的威胁。半横向通风模式下气流垂直于隧道流动，可大幅提高有害气体的排烟效率，但其运作成本较高，在正常运营期间使用费用过大，故一般很少采用。
由此可见，目前的隧道通风现状存在着后期运营经济合理性和火灾救援人员安全性的冲突。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种隧道内用滑移式载人轨道车，旨在解决隧道设施日常检修及隧道火灾消防救援与隧道地面交通存在空间冲突的问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，它包括间隔安装在隧道内的射流风机，在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管，在纵向钢风管上接近射流风机区域间隔连接有通风管，在通风管上设有能实现与射流风机出风口连接、断开、 位移的其中之一或组合动作的调节装置。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，所述的机械式通风管包括依次连接的斜向连接钢风管、单斜口钢风管、双斜口钢风管、伸缩钢风管和接口管，斜向连接钢风管的端部与纵向钢风管连接，接口管能与射流风机的出风口连接；所述的调节装置包括电动阀门、第一旋转法兰盘、第二旋转法兰盘和伸缩千斤顶；电动阀门连接在斜向连接钢风管上，单斜口钢风管通过第一旋转法兰盘与双斜口钢风管的一端连接实现转动，双斜口钢风管的另一端通过第二旋转法兰盘与伸缩钢风管连接实现转动，伸缩千斤顶驱动伸缩钢风管的伸缩运动。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，所述的第一旋转法兰盘和第二旋转法兰盘包括一端为椭圆一端为圆的渐变管、法兰内盘和法兰外盘，法兰内盘嵌套在法兰外盘内且能在法兰外盘内转动，两个渐变管的圆形口端分别与法兰内盘和法兰外盘连接，在法兰外盘的外端面设有轴向的传动齿，在与法兰内盘连接的渐变管上连接有步进电机，步进电机上连接有与传动齿配合的齿轮。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，：所述的电动阀门为电动百叶阀、电动翻板阀或电动闸阀。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，所述的接口管包括固定结构管、凸形钢弧板、凹形钢弧板、伸缩弹簧、钢绞线和钢绞线收放装置，凸形钢弧板和凹形钢弧板交替布置且拼合为空心管，交替布置的凸形钢弧板和凹形钢弧板的另一端铰接在固定结构管上，在凹形钢弧板的凹槽中设有弹簧，凸形钢弧板两侧的凸形钢块分别卡在相邻两凹形钢弧板的凹槽中且与弹簧接触，钢绞线及钢绞线收放装置设置在凸形钢弧板及凹形钢弧板外侧，通过钢绞线收放装置调节钢绞线的长度，进而促使弹簧变形接口管收口。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，在隧道射流风机的外侧的防滑移凹槽，所述的接口管还包括防滑移钢环，所述防滑移钢环由三块以上的卡块构成，三块以上的卡块分别连接在凸形钢弧板和凹形钢弧板上或其中一种上， 当接口管与射流风机出口连接并收口时，防滑移钢环与隧道射流风机外侧的防滑移凹槽相匹配，此时通风管与隧道风机成锁死状态。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，所述的伸缩钢风管为两段以上短管套接形成，伸缩千斤顶的两端分别连接在伸缩钢风管的首端和尾端的短管上。
前述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管是，所述的通风管为柔性波纹管，柔性波纹管的一端与纵向钢风管连接；所述的调节装置包括电控阀门、电动伸缩装置和移动小车，所述的电控阀门安装在性波纹管与纵向钢风管的接口端，电动伸缩装置的一端与柔性波纹管的一端连接，另一端与移动小车连接，移动小车在纵向钢风管上移动。
可调整管口方向的机械式通风管的使用方法是在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管，在纵向钢风管上接近射流风机区域间隔连接有通风管，并在在通风管上设有调节装置，这样在隧道正常使用情况下调节装置调整通风管关闭并与射流风机的出风口错位，确保射流风机的正常通风运行，在发生火灾时，调节装置调整通风管打开并与射流风机的出风口对接，使隧道内的烟气快速进入纵向钢风管，并由纵向钢风管直排出隧道，减少隧道内烟气。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明充分利用隧道拱部的富余空间，并基于隧道内的既有风机，通过调节机械式通风管与隧道风机相接，巧妙的改变风流的流动路径，将正常营运状态下的射流风机纵向通风转变为隧道火灾情况下的半横向通风，在不过多增加运营成本的前提下可大幅提升隧道的排烟效率，进而提高被困人员的逃生机率。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为机械式通风管前段构造图。
图3为可调节接口管整体结构图。
图4为可调节接口管端部局部放大图。
图5为旋转法兰盘的两种使用状态示意图。
图6位旋转法兰盘的法兰外盘结构示意图。
图7为旋转法兰盘的法兰内盘结构示意图。
图8为机械式通风管初始状态图示意图。
图9为机械式通风管三段伸缩斜口钢风管缩回状态示意图。
图10为机械式通风管第二旋转法兰盘旋转180度状态示意图。
图11为机械式通风管第一旋转法兰盘旋转180度状态示意图。
图12为机械式通风管三段伸缩斜口钢风管与隧道风机连接状态示意图。
图13为本发明的另一种实现方法结构示意图。
图14为矩形隧道内本发明推荐布置形式断面图。
图15为矩形隧道内本发明推荐布置形式俯视图。
图16为扁坦形隧道内本发明推荐布置形式断面图。
图17为扁坦形隧道内本发明风管推荐布置形式断面图。
图18为单向交通隧道火灾情况下隧道通风示意图。
图19为双向交通隧道火灾情况下隧道通风示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例一，如图1-12所示，本实施例是通过以下装置来实现既定动作，它是在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管1，在纵向钢风管1上接近射流风机27区域间隔连接有通风管，纵向钢风管1和射流风机27通过螺栓基座及预埋螺栓挂杆11悬挂在隧道拱顶，在通风管上设有调节装置，这样在隧道正常使用情况下调节装置调整通风管关闭并与射流风机27的出风口错位，确保射流风机27的正常通风运行，在发生火灾时，调节装置调整通风管打开并与射流风机27的出风 口对接，使隧道内的烟气快速进入纵向钢风管1，并由纵向钢风管1直排出隧道，减少隧道内烟气。
为实现通风管与射流风机27出风口连接、断开、位移的其中之一或组合动作的完成，通风管由依次连接的斜向连接钢风管2、单斜口钢风管3、双斜口钢风管4、伸缩钢风管8和接口管9构成，斜向连接钢风管2的端部与纵向钢风管1连接，接口管9能与射流风机27的出风口连接，所述的通风管中仅单斜口钢风管3通过螺栓基座及预埋螺栓挂杆11悬挂在隧道拱顶；所述的调节装置包括电动阀门10、第一旋转法兰盘6、第二旋转法兰盘7和伸缩千斤顶14，第一旋转法兰盘6和第二旋转法兰盘7结构相同；电动阀门10连接在斜向连接钢风管2上，所述的电动阀门10为市场上能购买的电动百叶阀、电动翻板阀或电动闸阀。单斜口钢风管3通过第一旋转法兰盘6与双斜口钢风管4的一端连接实现转动，双斜口钢风管4的另一端通过第二旋转法兰盘7与伸缩钢风管8连接实现转动，伸缩千斤顶14驱动伸缩钢风管8的伸缩运动。
所述的相同结构的第一旋转法兰盘6和第二旋转法兰盘7包括一端为椭圆一端为圆的渐变管71、法兰内盘72和法兰外盘73，法兰内盘72和法兰外盘73均为空心结构，法兰内盘72嵌套在法兰外盘73内且能在法兰外盘73内转动，其嵌套结构类似嵌套的球头万向节，但球头为空心，但为增加转动灵活性，在法兰内盘72上设有滚珠，使用时先将法兰内盘72套接在法兰外盘73内，焊接限位盘76将法兰内盘72的轴向进行限定，再将两个渐变管71的圆形口端分别与法兰内盘72和法兰外盘73焊接，在法兰外盘73的外端面设有轴向的传动齿74，在与法兰内盘72连接的渐变管71上连接有步进电机75，步进电机75上连接有与传动齿74配合的齿轮，然后将第一旋转法兰盘6的两椭圆端分别与单斜口钢风管3和双斜口钢风管4的一端连接；将第二旋转法兰盘7的两椭圆端分别与双斜口钢风管4和伸缩钢风管8连接。
为确保通风管与射流风机27的对接可靠性，所述的接口管9包括固定结构管5、凸形钢弧板21、凹形钢弧板22、伸缩弹簧23、钢绞线24和钢绞线收放 装置25，凸形钢弧板21和凹形钢弧板22交替布置且拼合为空心管，钢绞线24设置在管口部位，交替布置的凸形钢弧板21和凹形钢弧板22的另一端铰接在固定结构管5上，固定结构管5与伸缩钢风管8的一端固定连接，具体的收口结构是在凹形钢弧板22的凹槽中设有弹簧23，凸形钢弧板21两侧的凸形钢块分别卡在相邻两凹形钢弧板22的凹槽中且与弹簧23接触，钢绞线24及钢绞线收放装置25设置在凸形钢弧板21及凹形钢弧板22外侧，通过钢绞线收放装置25调节钢绞线24的长度，进而促使弹簧23变形，接口管9收口。
为防止通风管道与射流风机27连接后的发生移位，在隧道射流风机27的外侧的防滑移凹槽28；所述的接口管9还包括防滑移钢环26，所述防滑移钢环26由三块以上的卡块构成，三块以上的卡块分别连接在凸形钢弧板21和凹形钢弧板22上或其中一种上，当接口管9与射流风机27出口连接并收口时，防滑移钢环26与隧道射流风机27外侧的防滑移凹槽28相匹配，此时通风管与隧道风机27成锁死状态。
所述的伸缩钢风管8为两段以上不同管径的短管81套接形成，伸缩千斤顶14的两端通过前端基座12和后端基座13分别连接在伸缩钢风管8的首端和尾端短管81上。
同时所述的调节装置中的电动阀门10、第一旋转法兰盘6、第二旋转法兰盘7和伸缩千斤顶14可以设置独立的控制开关，也可设置完成某种规定动作的组合控制，具体动作如下，在隧道正常使用时，通风管与射流风机27的的状态如图8所示，电动阀门10关闭，接口管9管口与射流风机27出风口错开，发生突发情况时，通风管与射流风机27的对接过程如图8-12所示，其过程由计算机控制或手动控制，分别为a、电动阀门打开；b、伸缩钢风管回缩；c、第二旋转法兰盘旋转180度；d、第一旋转法兰盘旋转180度；e、接口管呈扩口状态；f伸缩钢风管伸出，g、接口管缩口与射流风机27实现绑定。
关于本发明的布置，纵向钢风管1的布置与隧道内横通道的布置有关。受隧道可用空间的限制，纵向钢风管1的管径不能过大，其通风能力有一定的上 限。当隧道长度较长时，纵向钢风管1应结合隧道内横通道的设置情况分区段布设，并通过横通道将纵向钢风管引至断面较大的专有风道内，从而保证通风效率。
优选方案为机械式通风管与隧道射流风机27配套使用，一般配备两套，而纵向钢风管1应根据隧道拱部可利用空间灵活配置。在矩形隧道中，推荐配备两根外径与风机管径相近的纵向钢风管1，具体设置顺序从中间向两侧依次是隧道射流风机27、机械式通风管、纵向钢风管1如图14和15所示。在扁坦形隧道中，推荐配备一根大管径的纵向钢风管1，具体设置顺序从拱顶向两侧依次是纵向钢风管1、机械式通风管、隧道射流风机27，如图16和17所示。
该装置的具体使用方法与隧道内交通流方向直接相关。若为双向交通隧道，火灾情况下宜调节隧道内的所有机械式通风管连接隧道风机，将隧道的通风模式彻底转变为半横向通风，进而借助风机的动力将火灾产生的浓烟沿着纵向通风管抽排出隧道；若为单向交通段隧道，则应控制隧道内的风流方向与交通流方向一致，同时调节火灾地点附近及风向下游的机械式通风管连接隧道风机，进而利用风机及机械式通风管对浓烟进行抽排，进而形成火灾点上游区域纵向通风，火灾点及其下游区域半横向通风的组合通风方式。
实施例二
如图13所示，本实施例是通过以下装置来实现既定动作，它是在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管1，在纵向钢风管1上接近射流风机27区域间隔连接有通风管，并在通风管上设有调节装置，这样在隧道正常使用情况下调节装置调整通风管关闭并与射流风机27的出风口错位，确保射流风机27的正常通风运行，在发生火灾时，调节装置调整通风管打开并与射流风机27的出风口对接，使隧道内的烟气快速进入纵向钢风管1，并由纵向钢风管1直排出隧道，减少隧道内烟气，所述的通风管为柔性波纹管30，柔性波纹管30的一端与纵向钢风管1连接；所述的调节装置包括电控阀门31、电动伸缩装置32和移动小车33，所述的电控阀门31安装在柔性波纹管30与纵向钢风管1的接口端，在 柔性波纹管30的端部设有锥形套34，电动伸缩装置32的一端与柔性波纹管30的未固定端连接，另一端与移动小车33连接，移动小车33在纵向钢风管1上移动。这样在隧道正常使用情况下电控阀门31关闭，电动伸缩装置32和移动小车33带动通风管与射流风机27的出风口错位，确保射流风机27的正常通风运行，在发生火灾时，电控阀门31打开，电动伸缩装置32和移动小车33带动柔性波纹管与射流风机27的出风口对接，使隧道内的烟气快速进入纵向钢风管1，并由纵向钢风管1直排出隧道，减少隧道内烟气。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，它包括间隔安装在隧道内的射流风机(27)，其特征在于：在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管(1)，在纵向钢风管(1)上接近射流风机(27)区域间隔连接有通风管，在通风管上设有能实现与射流风机(27)出风口连接、断开、位移的其中之一或组合动作的调节装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的通风管包括依次连接的斜向连接钢风管(2)、单斜口钢风管(3)、双斜口钢风管(4)、伸缩钢风管(8)和接口管(9)，斜向连接钢风管(2)的端部与纵向钢风管(1)连接，接口管(9)能与射流风机(27)的出风口连接；所述的调节装置包括电动阀门(10)、第一旋转法兰盘(6)、第二旋转法兰盘(7)和伸缩千斤顶(14)；电动阀门(10)连接在斜向连接钢风管(2)上，单斜口钢风管(3)通过第一旋转法兰盘(6)与双斜口钢风管(4)的一端连接实现转动，双斜口钢风管(4)的另一端通过第二旋转法兰盘(7)与伸缩钢风管(8)连接实现转动，伸缩千斤顶(14)驱动伸缩钢风管(8)的伸缩运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的第一旋转法兰盘(6)和第二旋转法兰盘(7)包括一端为椭圆一端为圆的渐变管(71)、中空的法兰内盘(72)和中空的法兰外盘(73)，法兰内盘(72)嵌套在法兰外盘(73)内且能在法兰外盘(73)内转动，两个渐变管(71)的圆形口端分别与法兰内盘(72)和法兰外盘(73)连接，在法兰外盘(73)的外端面设有轴向的传动齿(74)，在与法兰内盘(72)连接的渐变管(71)上连接有步进电机(75)，步进电机(75)上连接有与传动齿(74)配合的齿轮。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的电动阀门(10)为电动百叶阀、电动翻板阀或电动闸阀。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的接口管(9)包括固定结构管(5)、凸形钢弧板(21)、凹形钢弧板(22)、伸缩弹簧(23)、钢绞线(24)和钢绞线收放装置(25)，凸形钢弧板(21)和凹形钢弧板(22)交替布置且拼合为空心管，交替布置的凸形钢弧板(21)和凹形钢弧板(22)的另一端铰接在固定结构管(5)上，在凹形钢弧板(22)的凹槽中设有弹簧(23)，凸形钢弧板(21)两侧的凸形钢块分别卡在相邻两凹形钢弧板(22)的凹槽中且与弹簧(23)接触，钢绞线(24)及钢绞线收放装置(25)设置在凸形钢弧板(21)及凹形钢弧板(22)外侧，通过钢绞线收放装置(25)调节钢绞线(24)的长度，进而促使弹簧(23)变形，接口管(9)收口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：在隧道射流风机(27)的外侧的防滑移凹槽(28)；所述的接口管(9)还包括防滑移钢环(26)，所述防滑移钢环(26)由三块以上的卡块构成，三块以上的卡块分别连接在凸形钢弧板(21)和凹形钢弧板(22)上或其中一种上，当接口管(9)与射流风机(27)出口连接并收口时，防滑移钢环(26)与隧道射流风机(27)外侧的防滑移凹槽(28)相匹配，此时通风管与隧道风机(27)成锁死状态。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的伸缩钢风管(8)为两段以上短管(81)套接形成，伸缩千斤顶(14)的两端分别连接在伸缩钢风管(8)的首端和尾端的短管(81)上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管，其特征在于：所述的通风管为柔性波纹管(30)，柔性波纹管(30)的一端与纵向钢风管(1)连接；所述的调节装置包括电控阀门(31)、电动伸缩装置(32)和移动小车(33)，所述的电控阀门(31)安装在柔性波纹管(30)与纵向钢风管(1)的接口端，电动伸缩装置(32)的一端与柔性波纹管(30)的一端连接，另一端 与移动小车(33)连接，移动小车(33)在纵向钢风管(1)上移动。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的可调整管口方向的机械式通风管的使用方法，其特征在于：该方法是在隧道顶部沿隧道方向安装有纵向钢风管(1)，在纵向钢风管(1)上接近射流风机(27)区域间隔连接有通风管，并在通风管上设有调节装置，这样在隧道正常使用情况下调节装置调整通风管关闭并与射流风机(27)的出风口错位，确保射流风机(27)的正常通风运行，在发生火灾时，调节装置调整通风管打开并与射流风机(27)的出风口对接，使隧道内的烟气快速进入纵向钢风管(1)，并由纵向钢风管(1)直排出隧道，减少隧道内烟气。
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