WO2022177316A1 - 뎅기열 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 - Google Patents
뎅기열 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022177316A1 WO2022177316A1 PCT/KR2022/002339 KR2022002339W WO2022177316A1 WO 2022177316 A1 WO2022177316 A1 WO 2022177316A1 KR 2022002339 W KR2022002339 W KR 2022002339W WO 2022177316 A1 WO2022177316 A1 WO 2022177316A1
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- denv
- ulipristal
- cells
- drgon
- fluorescence
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
- A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dengue fever and may be used in the medical field.
- Flaviviruses are positive-stranded RNA viruses, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. Among them, dengue virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and is considered a cause of serious public health problems worldwide, with about 50 out of 100 million people infected each year, and a high infection rate of nearly 6% in some regions. Dengue infections, particularly seriously fatal (dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome), can be life-threatening and have resulted in large numbers of deaths. When looking at the trend of countries with dengue virus infection, it tends to appear mainly in tropical or subtropical regions. The situation in the country is not safe.
- a widely used dengue virus infection assay method includes a method for analyzing viral infectivity, a method for analyzing viral genomes and proteins, and a method using a genetically engineered virus.
- these methods have disadvantages such as low reproducibility, labor intensive use, and the use of expensive samples.
- Dengue virus has a single-stranded RNA genome of about 11 kb in length, and the genome encodes an open reading frame (ORF), with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR on both sides of the ORF.
- ORFs encode three structural proteins (capsid, membrane, envelope proteins) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5).
- RdRp RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
- an antiviral drug against dengue virus was screened using GOViRA (Graphene Oxide-based Viral RNA Analysis system) and the effect was confirmed to complete the present invention.
- GOViRA Graphene Oxide-based Viral RNA Analysis system
- An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition capable of preventing or treating dengue fever.
- a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dengue fever comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 5 is hydrogen or an acetyl group
- A AFM image with height profile.
- B FT-IR spectrum.
- C UV-Vis spectrum.
- D PL spectrum.
- E XRD pattern.
- F Raman spectrum.
- G DLS analysis.
- H TEM image of DRGON. Scale bar: 100 nm.
- I EDS analysis of DRGON.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a strategy for real-time DENV genome monitoring GOViRA platform.
- FIG. 4 shows the selectivity of the GOViRA nanosensor.
- A Schematic image of PNA-DRGON complex formation.
- B Relative fluorescence intensity of Cy5-labeled PNA probes with increasing amount of DRGON.
- C Fluorescence emission spectrum of Cy5. The fluorescence was quenched by the formation of the PNA-DRGON complex.
- D Fluorescence was restored by addition of target RNA in a sequence-specific manner.
- E The quenched fluorescence remained stable for 24 h in the presence of serum.
- F Fluorescence was restored upon addition of target RNA in a sequence-specific manner in the presence of serum.
- FIG. 5 shows the qualitative and quantitative detection of intracellular DENV genomes by the GOViRA system in uninfected and DENV-infected Vero E6 cells.
- A Fluorescence images of uninfected and DENV-infected Vero E6 cells were taken 5 hours after PNA-DRGON complex treatment. The PNA-DRGON complex was introduced at 48 h p.i. Cy5 labeled vPNA or scPNA. Scale bar: 25 ⁇ m. (Red, Cy5 signal of PNA probe; blue, Hoechst signal of nucleus)
- B Quantitative analysis of Cy5 signal of treated PNA-DRGON complex in uninfected and DENV-infected Vero E6 cells.
- FIG. 6 shows the quantitative detection of intracellular ⁇ -actin via the GOViRA system in uninfected and DENV infected Vero E6 cells.
- Vero E6 cells were infected with DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and other flaviviruses (ZIKV and JEV).
- PNA-DRGON complexes were simultaneously treated at 72 h p.i. Scale bar: 25 ⁇ m. (red, Cy5 signal from the PNA probe, blue from the nucleus, Hoechst signal)
- FIG. 8 shows an increase in fluorescence signal over time in Vero E6 cells infected with DENV.
- A PNA-DRGON complexes were treated at each indicated time point. Fluorescence images were taken 5 hours after PNA-DRGON complex treatment. Scale bar: 25 ⁇ m.
- B Relative quantification of the fluorescence signal corresponding to viral RNA.
- FIG. 9 shows the application of the GOViRA platform to high-throughput DENV inhibitor screening.
- A Schematic diagram of the GOViRA system-based high-throughput screening timeline.
- C Z'-factors were calculated for high-throughput screening in 20 replicates of each control group.
- D Analysis of DENV infection for ribavirin using the GOViRA system. DENV-infected Vero E6 cells were treated with ribavirin concentrations ranging from 6.25 ⁇ M to 400 ⁇ M. After 48 hours, the PNA-DRGON complex was treated and DENV activity was measured.
- FIG. 10 is a verification of ulipristal in Vero E6 cells.
- A Chemical structure of ulipristal.
- B The anti-DENV activity of ulipristal was investigated using FFA. The estimated EC50 for DENV serotype 2 for ulipristal was 8.28 ⁇ M.
- C Corresponding images of viral lesions treated with representative concentrations of ulipristal.
- FIG. 14 shows that ulipristal inhibits DENV infection in the entry phase.
- A Timeline analysis of the addition time of ulipristal.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dengue fever comprising a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 5 is hydrogen or an acetyl group
- the alkyl group may be, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and the like.
- R 1 to R 4 may be methyl, and in this case, the compound is ulipristal or ulipristal acetate.
- Both ulipristal and ulipristal acetate are substances known as selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs), and are widely used as drugs showing equivalent effects in vivo.
- SPRMs selective progesterone receptor modulators
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt means a salt prepared using a specific compound according to the present invention and a relatively non-toxic acid or base.
- the salt may be, for example, an acid addition salt or a metal salt.
- Acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as acetate, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitrous acid or phosphorous acid, and aliphatic mono and dicarboxylates, phenyl-substituted alkanoates, and hydroxyalkanoates. and non-toxic organic acids such as alkanedioates, aromatic acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids.
- These pharmaceutically non-toxic salts include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, nitrate, phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, ioda.
- an acid addition salt of a compound represented by the formula (1) can be obtained by dissolving the compound in an excess aqueous acid solution, and precipitating the salt using a hydrating organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile. .
- the metal salt may be a sodium, potassium or calcium salt.
- Metal salts can be prepared using a base, for example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are prepared by dissolving the compound in an excess alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution, filtering the undissolved compound salt and evaporating the filtrate and/or Or it can be obtained by drying.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be provided by mixing with a conventionally known preventive or therapeutic agent for dengue fever. That is, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered in parallel with a known substance having an effect of preventing or treating dengue fever.
- composition may be formulated and used in the form of powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, etc., external preparations, suppositories, and sterile injection solutions, respectively, according to conventional methods. not limited
- Carriers, excipients and diluents that may be included in the composition include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, dextrin, maltodextrin, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, gum acacia, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate. , calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil.
- a diluent or excipient such as a filler, an extender, a binder, a wetting agent, a disintegrant, and a surfactant, but is not limited thereto.
- Solid preparations for oral administration include, but are not limited to, tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, etc., but these solid preparations include at least one or more excipients in the compound, for example, starch, calcium carbonate , sucrose or lactose, gelatin, etc. are mixed and prepared.
- excipients for example, starch, calcium carbonate , sucrose or lactose, gelatin, etc.
- lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc may also be used.
- Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, freeze-dried preparations, and suppositories.
- Non-aqueous solvents and suspending agents include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable esters such as ethyl oleate.
- As a base of the suppository witepsol, macrogol, tween 61, cacao butter, laurin, glycerogelatin, and the like can be used.
- Liquid preparations for oral use include suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc.
- various excipients for example, wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, preservatives, etc. may be included. .
- the compound of the present invention may, for example, inhibit dengue virus infection by inhibiting invasion of dengue virus into host cells, and may have a preventive or therapeutic effect on dengue fever, but is not limited thereto.
- the dengue fever is a viral disease mediated by Aedes mosquitoes, and refers to a disease caused by mosquito bites and infection with dengue virus (DENV).
- a severe form of dengue fever is dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is accompanied by bleeding and presents with circulation disorders, and dengue shock syndrome, which is accompanied by increased vascular permeability and hypotensive shock.
- Dengue virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus, and there are four types of DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 or DENV-4 depending on the serotype.
- the dengue fever may be caused by infection with dengue virus DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 or DENV-4.
- the present invention includes a method for treating dengue fever using the composition.
- the method may include administering the composition to a subject in need of treatment, and the subject may have a dengue virus infection or may have a dengue virus.
- the dengue virus may be DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 or DENV-4.
- the subject may be a mammal including a human.
- the administration method is not limited and may be according to a method known in the art, and may be administered orally or parenterally.
- the present invention relates to a screening method for a drug for treating a viral infection.
- the method may include treating a candidate substance for a therapeutic agent for virus infection with a mixture of a target virus genome, graphene oxide, and a fluorescent probe having binding ability to the genome of the target virus, and comparing the fluorescence intensity with a control.
- the viral genome may be an isolated genome or a genome contained within a virus.
- the control may be the fluorescence intensity of the mixture before the treatment.
- the candidate material may be selected as the therapeutic agent for viral infection.
- control group may be a negative control having no effect on the treatment of viral infections, a positive control with known effects on treating viral infections, or a control with unknown effects on treating viral infections.
- the mixture may be present in an environment capable of replication of the viral genome, for example, a host cell of the virus.
- a host cell of the virus since the viral genome accumulates in the host cell and there may be an increase in fluorescence intensity due to this, the mixture can be compared with other controls to compensate for this.
- the fluorescence intensity when the fluorescence intensity is measured after the treatment of the virus infection treatment candidate material, when the fluorescence intensity is decreased compared to the case of treatment with the negative control, it can be selected as the virus treatment agent.
- the candidate material when the fluorescence intensity is equal to or further reduced compared to the case where the positive control is treated after the treatment of the candidate material for the treatment of virus infection, the candidate material may be selected as the treatment for the virus.
- a control having an unknown effect on the treatment of the virus infection that is, a substance having a greater decrease in fluorescence intensity compared to other candidate substances may be selected as a therapeutic agent.
- the control group may be one or more.
- the fluorescence intensity of the control may be each value obtained from one or a plurality of controls, or may be an average value, a median value, a mode, or the like of values obtained therefrom.
- the decrease in fluorescence intensity due to the treatment of the candidate material is due to the decrease in the genome of the virus of the mixture due to the virus infection treatment effect of the candidate material, so that the fluorescence is quenched by adsorption to the graphene oxide without binding to the genome of the virus. It may be that the number of probes is increased, and thus the fluorescence intensity is weakened.
- the graphene has a planar single-layer structure in which carbon atoms are filled into a two-dimensional lattice, and graphene has a unique electron transport property, which causes graphene oxide to be close to each other through a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon.
- FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- the probe may be adsorbed to the graphene oxide, in which case the fluorescence signal of the fluorescent label bound to the probe is quenched.
- the adsorption may be, for example, by interaction between graphene oxide and ⁇ electrons of the probe, complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, surface adsorption by van der Waals attraction, hydrogen bonding, etc.
- a single-stranded peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe may be adsorbed to the graphene oxide by pi-pi bonding between the exposed base and the hydrophobic surface of the graphene oxide.
- the probe When the target virus genome to which the probe specifically binds exists, the probe is not adsorbed to graphene oxide and is released, so that the fluorescence of the fluorescent material contained in the probe is emitted out of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer phenomenon.
- FIG. 3 of the present application the quenching principle of a fluorescently-labeled probe by graphene oxide is schematically illustrated as an example of a Graphene Oxidebased Viral RNA Analysis system (GOViRA) system.
- GOViRA Graphene Oxidebased Viral RNA Analysis system
- the genome of the virus may be DNA or RNA, for example, miRNA.
- the probe may be a nucleic acid, and may include, for example, peptide nucleic acid (PNA).
- PNA peptide nucleic acid
- the virus may be, for example, a dengue virus.
- the sequence (C term ⁇ N term) of the PNA probe that specifically binds to the dengue virus may be, for example, or include CAGCAGGATCTCTGGTCT.
- the genome of the virus may exist on a host cell of the virus.
- the graphene oxide to which the probe is adsorbed passes through the cell membrane of the cell and enters the cytoplasm to access the target material, the viral genome.
- the PNA probe attached to the surface of the graphene oxide may bind to the viral genome, which is the target material.
- Measuring the fluorescence intensity enables, for example, quantitative real-time monitoring of intracellular viral RNA levels in cells. Therefore, it is possible to effectively screen an infectious disease treatment agent or candidate material for the virus.
- Fluorescence emission of the fluorescent material may be detected by a flow cytometer (FACS), a fluorescence reader, qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR), a fluorescence microscope, or an in vivo imaging device, but is not limited thereto.
- the fluorescence reader may include, but is not limited to, a fluorescence microplate reader capable of measuring fluorescence ranging from about 230 nm to about 999 nm.
- the fluorescence reader may include selecting about three types of organic fluorescence dye and observing the fluorescence signal so that cross-talk between fluorescence signals can be minimized.
- the flow cytometer includes a device capable of observing a fluorescence signal of a cell while flowing a single cell into a tube.
- the fluorescence microscope includes, but is not limited to, those capable of observing intracellular, extracellular, or fluorescence of a sample.
- the graphene oxide may be in the form of a sheet or particles.
- the sheet may be composed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the sheet shape may include a flat surface or a curved surface, and may exist in various forms.
- the graphene oxide may be in the form of a two-dimensional single-layer sheet.
- the particle shape may include various shapes such as a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, a rod shape, and a polygonal shape.
- the graphene oxide may have a nano size.
- the size is, for example, 5-500 nm, 5-200 nm, 5-150 nm, 5-100 nm, 5-50 nm, 10-500 nm, 10-200 nm, 10-150 nm, 10-100 nm , 10-50 nm, 20-200 nm, 20-150 nm, 20-100 nm, 20-50 nm, 30-200 nm, 30-150 nm, 30-100 nm, 30-50 nm, 50-200 nm , 50 to 150 nm, 50 to 100 nm, 50 to 80 nm, 60 to 200 nm, 60 to 100 nm, 60 resistant 80 nm, 80 to 200 nm, 80 to 150 nm, 80 to 100 nm, 90 to 200 nm , may be 90 to 150 nm or 90 to 100 nm, but is not limited thereto.
- the particle size is a value calculated by averaging the experimental value obtained by
- graphene oxide may be a graphene oxide nanocolloid made of conventional graphene oxide or graphite nanofibers made of graphite powder.
- the graphene oxide may be surface-modified with a water-soluble polymer.
- the water-soluble polymer refers to a resin or polymer that can be dissolved in water or dispersed into fine particles in water.
- the water-soluble polymer may be a natural polymer, a semi-synthetic polymer, or a synthetic polymer.
- the water-soluble polymer usable in the present invention may have a molecular weight of 1 to 20 kDa, 5 to 15 kDa, or 8 to 12 kDa. In one embodiment, the water-soluble polymer may be 10 kDa.
- Water-soluble polymers include chitosan and derivatives thereof, chitosan salts, dextran and derivatives thereof, hyaluronic acid and derivatives thereof, hyaluronate salts, pectin and derivatives thereof, pectin salts, alginates and derivatives thereof, alginic acid, agar, galactomannan and its derivatives. Derivatives, galactomannan salts, xanthan and derivatives thereof, xanthan salts, beta-cyclodextrin and derivatives thereof, beta-cyclodextrin salts, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and combinations thereof. have.
- the water-soluble polymer may be selected from the group consisting of dextran, polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, and combinations thereof.
- the water-soluble polymer and graphene oxide may be chemically or physically combined.
- the chemical bond may be an amide bond, an ester bond, an ether bond, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- chemical bonding may be achieved through a crosslinking agent.
- the water-soluble polymer and graphene oxide may be coupled through EDC coupling.
- the physical bonding may be electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, or van der Waals bonding, but is not limited thereto.
- the graphene oxide surface-modified by the water-soluble polymer may have improved dispersion ability and stability, and improved biocompatibility.
- a probe refers to a substance capable of specifically binding to a target substance.
- the target material is, for example, a viral genome, and may be DNA or RNA.
- the probe may be applied without limitation as long as it is a material capable of binding thereto, and may be, for example, a nucleic acid.
- the peptide nucleic acid is a single-stranded PNA, it may include, but is not limited to, a graphene oxide that is easily adsorbed to the surface.
- the main chain of oligonucleic acid is electrically neutral because the main chain of oligonucleic acid is composed of peptide bonds
- PNA has superior adsorption to hydrophobic graphene oxide compared to DNA or RNA, which is electrically negative.
- PNA-RNA binding is stronger than DNA-RNA or RNA-RNA binding, and the Tm value is higher by about 1°C per base. Therefore, the PNA probe has superior binding ability with the nucleic acid as a target material compared to the DNA or RNA probe.
- PNA is very stable against nucleases or proteases present in the body, the possibility of loss of PNA probes when PNA probes are introduced into cells is higher than that of DNA, RNA, or protein probes. very low
- PNA is structurally composed of strong covalent bonds, it can maintain stability in various pH ranges and temperature conditions, and thus has excellent conditions compared to other types of nucleic acids as oligonucleic acids to be used as probes.
- Nucleic acids are 8-100, 8-90, 8-80, 8-70, 8-60, 8-50, 8-40, 8-30, 10-100, 10-90 10 to 80, 10 to 70, 10 to 60, 10 to 50, 10 to 40, 10 to 30, 12 to 28, 15 to 25, 18 to 22 bases
- the number of bases is not limited thereto as long as it can perform complementary binding to the target nucleic acid sequence.
- the nucleic acid may consist of 15 to 22 bases.
- a fluorescent material is bound to the probe.
- the fluorescent material is present in a state in which fluorescence energy is absorbed by graphene oxide and is quenched, and when the probe specifically binds to a target material and is released from graphene oxide, it exhibits fluorescence.
- the fluorescent material may be bound to one end or the middle of the probe.
- the fluorescent material may be located at the 5' or 3' position of the nucleic acid or inside the nucleic acid.
- the fluorescent material may be directly bound to the probe or may be bound through a crosslinking agent.
- the method may use two or more different probes to detect two or more target substances.
- the fluorescent material bound to each type of probe may be different.
- Fluorescent materials include fluorescein, fluorescein chlorotriazinyl, rhodamine green, rhodamine red, tetramethylrhodamine, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), oregon green, Alex Fluor Rho, carboxyfluorescein (FAM), 6-carboxy-4',5'-dichloro-2',7'-dimethoxyfluorescein (JOE), carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX), 6 -Carboxy-2',4,4',5',7, 7'-hexachlorofluorescein (HEX), Texas red (sulforhodamine 101 acid chloride), 6-carboxy-2',4,7',7 -Selected from the group consisting of tetrachlorofluorescein (TET), tetramethylrhodamine-isothiocyanate (TRITC), carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA),
- the method of the present invention may include treating the target virus genome with graphene oxide and a fluorescent probe having binding ability to the genome of the target virus.
- the probe before the treatment may be adsorbed to the graphene oxide.
- Graphite nanofibers were purchased from Carbon Nano-materials Technology. Potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) were purchased from Junsei. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Samcheon Chemical. Dextran was purchased from Fluka. Ribavirin and ulipristal were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- DRGON was synthesized according to a previously published method (Lee, J.S., Kim, S., Na, H.K., Min, D.H., 2016. Adv Healthc Mater 5 (18), 2386-2395.).
- the height profile was obtained with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) NX-10 (Park Systems).
- FT-IR measurements were performed using an FT-IR spectrometer NICoLET iS10 (Thermo Scientific). UV-Vis absorbance spectra and PL spectra were obtained with S-3100 (Scinco) and ACTON SpectraPro 2150i spectrometers (Princeton Instruments), respectively.
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained using a D8 Advanced (Bruker) system with Cu-K ⁇ radiation (1.54 ⁇ ).
- TEM images were acquired using an H-7600 (Hitachi) at 100 kV. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed by JEM-F200 (JEOL Ltd).
- Cy5-labeled PNA probe (Panagene) was mixed with increasing amounts of DRGON in 1 X PBS and incubated for 10 min at RT.
- single-stranded RNA (Bioneer) was added to the complex. The fluorescence signal was monitored by SynergyMx (Biotek).
- Vero E6 was provided by K. Ahn, professor of biology at Seoul National University. Vero E6 and Huh7 (Korea Cell Line Bank, 60104) cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and P/S. A549 (ATCC, CCL-185) cells were maintained in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS and P/S.
- DENV serotype 1 (DenKor-07) was purchased from the National Pathogen Collection.
- DENV serotypes 2, 3, 4 and JEV KBPV-VR-29, KBPV-VR-30, KVPV-VR-31 and KBPV-VR-27 were purchased from the Korea Pathogenic Virus Bank.
- ZIKV Zika/Brazil/16321
- DENV Vero E6 cells
- DMEM fetal bovine serum
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- P/S fetal bovine serum
- Cells were seeded at an MOI of 0.05.
- the virus-containing medium was removed by centrifugation at 2000 g for 10 minutes, and aliquots were stored at 80°C.
- Virus was titrated by FFA in Vero E6 cells. Viruses serially diluted 10-fold in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS and P/S were added to confluent Vero E6 cell monolayers attached to 96-well, black-walled, optical-bottomed plates (Corning) and incubated for 1 h. . After incubation, 100 ⁇ L of DMEM containing 10% FBS, P/S and methylcellulose was superimposed on the wells and incubated for 2 days. After incubation, cell monolayers were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and then treated with blocking solution for 1 hour. Samples were then treated with anti-dengue virus E protein antibody (GeneTex, GTX127277) followed by FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, F0257).
- Vero E6 cells were seeded in 96 well, black walled, optical bottom plates at a density of 1.5 X 10 4 cells per well and incubated with DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and P/S. After overnight incubation, cells were briefly washed with 1 ⁇ PBS and infected with DENV. Next, 20 pmol vPNA or ⁇ -actin PNA probe was mixed with 1.2 ⁇ g DRGON solution for 10 min at room temperature. Vero E6 cells were treated with PNADRGON complex for 5 hours. Plates were incubated for up to 72 hours and cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342. Fluorescence images were obtained with IN Cell Analyzer 2000 (GE Healthcare) and DeltaVision Elite (GE Healthcare) imaging systems. Quantification of data was processed with IN Cell Developer software (https://cyvitalifesciences.com).
- CCK-8 assays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Vero E6, Huh7 and A549 cells were seeded in 96-well culture plates containing 100 ⁇ L of complete medium. After incubation for 24 hours, cells were treated with serially diluted concentrations of nanomaterials or drugs for 48 hours. Cells were rinsed twice with 1 X PBS, treated with CCK-8 reagent at a concentration of 10% (v/v), and incubated for 1 hour. The optical density at 450 nm was measured by SynergyMx (Biotek) in absorbance mode.
- mice (8-10 weeks old, female) were purchased from Marshall BioResources and housed in pathogen-free conditions. Animal research was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Animal Research Institute of Seoul National University, and was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Laboratory Animal Management Evaluation and Accreditation Association.
- mice were exposed to a target dose of 107 FFU of DENV by intraperitoneal injection.
- One hour after challenge animals were treated with ulipristal.
- the compound was dissolved in sesame oil to a concentration of 10X and further diluted in 1X PBS. Ulipristal was administered to animals by intraperitoneal injection.
- mice in the vehicle control group received the drug-free solution. Animals were monitored daily for body weight, morbidity (shaggy coat, hunched posture, etc.) and survival for a total of 14 days post infection. Mice weighing less than 80% of their initial body weight were humanely euthanized. After 3 days, mice in each group were sacrificed. Blood and organ samples were collected. Blood was clarified by centrifugation and viremia was determined by qRT-PCR. Organs were homogenized and total RNA was extracted using Trizol. Relative DENV RNA levels in each organ were determined by qRT-PCR. The primer sequences are shown in Table 1.
- A549 cells were seeded in 24-well plates. After overnight incubation, cells were treated with ulipristal at various time points and inoculated with DENV. At 48 h p.i., cells were washed with IX PBS and processed for qRT-PCR.
- DRGON was synthesized by reducing GON with dextran, a biocompatible polysaccharide polymer. AFM analysis using the profile of the corresponding height shows that the thickness of DRGON is ⁇ 6.20 nm thicker than that of GON (Fig. 1A). The increase in the height of DRGON is attributed to the dextran coating obtained during the reduction process of the GON surface.
- the FT-IR spectrum of DRGON showed that the intensity of the C ⁇ O bond stretch peak was decreased at 1720 cm -1 compared to that of GON (Fig. 1B). A decrease in the number of carbonyl groups indicates a successful synthesis of DRGON by a reduction process.
- the UV-Vis spectrum of GON showed an absorption peak at about 230 nm due to the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ * transition of the aromatic C ⁇ C bond, and the shoulder was assigned to the n ⁇ ⁇ * transition at about 305 nm. C ⁇ O bond ( Figure 1C).
- the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of DRGON shows a redshift from 230 nm to 245 nm, indicating complete reduction and restoration of C ⁇ C bonds.
- the n ⁇ ⁇ * transition absorption peak decreased in the absorption spectrum of DRGON because the C ⁇ O bond was greatly reduced during the reduction process.
- the UV-Vis absorption spectra were in good agreement with the FT-IR results.
- PL spectra of GON and DRGON were obtained using an excitation wavelength of 300 nm (Fig. 1D).
- the strong emission peak at 430 nm is due to the ⁇ * ⁇ ⁇ transition associated with the aromatic C ⁇ C bond.
- the peak on the right is due to a defect state due to disorder within the ⁇ - ⁇ * gap.
- the intensity of the peak induced by the defect state was greatly decreased in the PL spectrum of DRGON, which means that sp2 domain formation was greatly increased during the reduction process.
- GON The crystal structures of GON and DRGON were characterized by XRD analysis (Fig. 1E).
- the significant decrease in the interlayer distance of DRGON compared to GON is due to the removal of oxygen groups through the reduction process.
- Raman spectra show D and G bands commonly found in carbon materials (Fig. 1F).
- the integrated intensity ratio (ID/IG) of the D and G bands increased from 0.82 to 0.86.
- the mean hydrodynamic diameters of GON and DRGON measured by DLS were 34.0 ⁇ 0.5 nm and 48.2 ⁇ 0.8 nm, respectively (Fig. 1G).
- the lateral dimension of the DRGON in the TEM image was smaller than 100 nm (Fig. 1H) and we found a good correlation between the hydrodynamic diameter measured by DLS and the particle dimension measured by TEM.
- a fluorescent PNA probe with high selectivity for the DENV genome was prepared.
- the 3' untranslated region (UTR) region of the viral genome conserved in all four serotypes of DENV but not in other flaviviruses, was chosen as the targeting domain for the PNA probe.
- PNA probe compositions are designed with practical considerations such as probe length, purine content and intramolecular binding to improve the solubility of PNA and reduce self-aggregation problems.
- a PNA probe complementary to a selected region of the viral genome was named vPNA and conjugated with Cy5 .
- Vero E6 cells were inoculated with DENV serotype 2 for 48 h and then treated with PNA-DRGON complexes consisting of either vPNA or scPNA for the next 5 h.
- PNA-DRGON complexes consisting of either vPNA or scPNA for the next 5 h.
- Cy3 a PNA probe complementary to ⁇ -actin was conjugated with Cy3 and used as an internal control.
- DENV-infected Vero E6 cells displayed a distinct fluorescence signal in the cytoplasm after addition of the vPNA-DRGON complex, whereas uninfected cells did not.
- the quantified fluorescence signal corresponding to ⁇ -actin remained constant, indicating that ⁇ -actin was an appropriate internal control ( FIG. 6 ).
- DENV exists in multiple serotypes displaying partially conserved sequences. When designing the sequences of vPNAs, conserved regions were targeted in all four serotypes. To confirm the ability to monitor DENV infection for all four serotypes, vPNA-DRGON treatment was performed after inoculation with DENV serotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4. Regardless of serotype, the DENV-infected group showed a notable fluorescence signal in response to vPNA-DRGON treatment, whereas the other flavivirus-infected group did not (Fig. 7). These results indicate that the GOViRA system has great specificity for DENV regardless of serotype, suggesting that this system can also be used to differentiate infection of DENV from other flaviviruses.
- Vero E6 cells inoculated with DENV were treated with PNA-DRGON complexes at serial time intervals from 12 to 72 hours (p.i.) post infection (Fig. 8A).
- Vero E6 cells were inoculated with DENV at various multiplicity of infection (MOI) from 0.25 to 2 and the cells were monitored by living cell microscopy. The quantified fluorescence signal increased in an MOI dependent manner (Fig. 9B).
- the GOViRA platform with live cells has been successfully demonstrated, we tried to determine whether the GOViRA platform is suitable for high-throughput screening.
- the Z'-factor was used as a statistical parameter.
- the Z'-factor of the GOViRA platform was calculated to be 0.87 in 20 negative and 20 positive controls (Fig. 9C), which can be suggested as evidence of a good assay for high-throughput screening.
- the system was utilized to investigate the cellular effects of a representative antiviral compound, Ribavirin.
- the introduction of ribavirin induced a continuous decrease in the fluorescence signal in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 9D), indicating that the GOViRA system is suitable for a fluorescence-based quantitative antiviral assay.
- FIG. 9A Cell-based screening was performed on a library of ⁇ 550 FDA-approved drugs using the GOViRA system to find therapeutic candidates with anti-DENV activity. Vero E6 cell monolayers were treated with 10 ⁇ M of each drug in the library or vehicle (DMSO) for 1 h prior to infection. Then, the DENV and PNA-DRGON complexes were sequentially introduced ( FIG. 9A ). According to the screening results considering both antiviral activity and cell viability (FIG. 9E), ulipristal, which exhibits a decrease in fluorescence signal of less than 25% and minimal effect on cell viability, was selected as a strong antiviral candidate (FIG. 10A).
- Standard assays were performed to confirm the antiviral effect and cytotoxicity of ulipristal in vitro.
- the activity of ulipristal against DENV was assessed by both FFA and qRT-PCR.
- FFA Vero E6 cells were infected with DENV in the presence of various concentrations of ulipristal.
- Anti-DENV activity was assessed by immunostaining with an antibody specific for DENV E protein. With a dose-dependent decrease in the number of lesions, FFA demonstrated that the compound had an antiviral effect against DENV in Vero E6 cells (Fig. 10C), with a half-life effective concentration (EC50) of 8.3 ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ M (Fig. 10B). Relative expression levels of viral RNA confirm that ulipristal is active against DENV and correlates with FFA. The cytotoxicity of the compounds in Vero E6 cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. Ulipristal did not appear to affect cell viability in Vero E6 cells ( FIG. 10D ).
- the antiviral activity of ulipristal was further validated using the Huh7 (liver cancer cell line) and A549 (lung carcinoma cell line) cell lines as hosts for DENV infection. Both cell monolayers were analyzed by qRT-PCR to observe relative DENV RNA levels. Ulipristal treatment dose-dependently inhibited DENV infection in both cell lines ( FIGS. 11A and B). Moreover, the fluorescence signal of viral E protein from immunostaining was also reduced by ulipristal treatment (Fig. 11C). These results indicate that ulipristal effectively inhibits DENV infection in vitro.
- this compound was evaluated in a murine DENV infection model.
- the DENV strain used (KBPV-VR-29) is reported as a mouse-adapted virus strain.
- AG129 mice deficient in interferon (IFN)- ⁇ / ⁇ and - ⁇ receptors were infected with DENV by intraperitoneal injection at an exposure dose of 1X10 7 FFU, which showed mortality within about 10 days.
- IFN interferon
- animals were treated with ulipristal or vehicle over a 14-day period, during which survival was monitored.
- Ulipristal was administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg daily via intraperitoneal injection. Dosage varies with reported rodent toxicity studies (Pohl, O., Harvey, P.W., McKeag, S., Boley, S.E., Gotteland, J.P., 2013. Curr. Drug Saf. 8 (2), 77-97.) and in vitro. It was determined based on the drug validation results. We wanted to select a dose that would prevent toxicity but would achieve a plasma concentration sufficient to observe an antiviral effect.
- the systemic and local antiviral effects of ulipristal were confirmed.
- the ulipristal-treated group showed a significant decrease in blood viremia compared to the control group (FIG. 12C).
- the viral RNA load of each organ of the mice administered with ulipristal was significantly decreased consistent with blood viremia, but the viral RNA load of the small intestine of the vehicle and the ulipristal-treated group was not statistically significant (Fig. 12D). . Representative tissue samples from each group were examined to further determine histological differences.
- ulipristal is widely known as a SPRM compound
- a cell line without PR expression was selected to rule out the effect of PR signaling on the addition time experiment.
- PR expression was observed in three groups of A549 cells: untreated (NT), vehicle treated and ulipristal treated group. After 24 hours of incubation, the RNA expression level of each group was analyzed. There was no PR expression in the NT group ( FIG. 13 ).
- vehicle or ulipristal treatment did not affect PR expression levels in A549 cells. Therefore, we investigated the mode of action of ulipristal using the A549 cell line.
- A549 cells were treated with ulipristal in three different conditions: pre-infection (pre-treatment), co-infection (co-treatment), and post-infection (post-treatment) (Fig. 14A).
- the antiviral effect by drug administration was observed in the pre-treatment group and the co-administration group.
- ulipristal was added after virus inoculation, less inhibitory effect was observed.
- the degree of the inhibitory effect decreased ( FIG. 14B ).
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Abstract
Description
Primers | Sequence (5'→3') |
DENV forward | GCTCCTTCAATGACAATGCGCTGTA |
DENV reverse | CCTGAAACCCCTTCCACGAAGTC |
β-actin forward | CGGGAAATCGTGCGTGAC |
β-actin reverse | ATGCCCAGGAAGGAAGGTTG |
Human GAPDH forward | TCACTGCCACCCAGAAGACTG |
Human GAPDH reverse | GGATGACCTTGCCCACAGC |
Mouse GAPDH forward | TGACCTCAACTACATGGTCTACA |
Mouse GAPDH reverse | CTTCCCATTCTCGGCCTTG |
Target | PNA sequence (C term→N term) |
DENV | CAGCAGGATCTCTGGTCT |
Scrambled | ATCGAATAGTCTGACTACAACT |
β-actin | ATCTTGATTTTCATCGTGC |
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KR20110136819A (ko) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-12-21 | 시가 테크놀로지스, 인크. | 뎅기 바이러스 감염의 치료 및 예방을 위한 티에노피리딘 유도체 |
US20170051007A1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-23 | Pop Test Oncology Limited Liability Company | Pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
CN108727453A (zh) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-02 | 华东理工大学 | 新型pd-1抑制剂及其应用 |
WO2020069138A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. | Dosage forms comprising active pharmaceutical ingredients |
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- 2022-02-17 WO PCT/KR2022/002339 patent/WO2022177316A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2022-02-17 US US18/277,653 patent/US20240139209A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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KR20110136819A (ko) * | 2009-02-27 | 2011-12-21 | 시가 테크놀로지스, 인크. | 뎅기 바이러스 감염의 치료 및 예방을 위한 티에노피리딘 유도체 |
US20170051007A1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-23 | Pop Test Oncology Limited Liability Company | Pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
CN108727453A (zh) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-02 | 华东理工大学 | 新型pd-1抑制剂及其应用 |
WO2020069138A1 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. | Dosage forms comprising active pharmaceutical ingredients |
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MURJI ALLY; CROSIER REBECCA; CHOW TIFFANY; YE XIANG Y.; SHIRREFF LINDSAY: "Role of ethnicity in treating uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate", FERTILITY AND STERILITY, vol. 106, no. 5, 20 June 2016 (2016-06-20), NL , pages 1165 - 1169, XP029753819, ISSN: 0015-0282, DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.06.012 * |
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