WO2022176282A1 - 光回折素子、光演算装置、光回折素子の位置調整方法、及び、光演算装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
光回折素子、光演算装置、光回折素子の位置調整方法、及び、光演算装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06E—OPTICAL COMPUTING DEVICES; COMPUTING DEVICES USING OTHER RADIATIONS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES
- G06E1/00—Devices for processing exclusively digital data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/62—Optical apparatus specially adapted for adjusting optical elements during the assembly of optical systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
- G02B27/4277—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path being separated by an air space
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06E—OPTICAL COMPUTING DEVICES; COMPUTING DEVICES USING OTHER RADIATIONS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES
- G06E3/00—Devices not provided for in group G06E1/00, e.g. for processing analogue or hybrid data
- G06E3/001—Analogue devices in which mathematical operations are carried out with the aid of optical or electro-optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/06—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons
- G06N3/067—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B2005/1804—Transmission gratings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical diffraction element having an optical computing function.
- the present invention also relates to an optical arithmetic device having such an optical diffraction element.
- the present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the position of such an optical diffraction element. It also relates to a method of manufacturing such an optical arithmetic device.
- An optical diffraction element that has a plurality of microcells with individually set thicknesses and optically executes a predetermined operation by causing mutual interference of light transmitted through each microcell.
- Optical computation using an optical diffraction element has the advantage of high speed and low power consumption compared to electrical computation using a processor.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an optical neural network having an input layer, an intermediate layer, and an output layer. The optical diffraction element described above can be used, for example, as an intermediate layer of such an optical neural network.
- a plurality of optical diffraction elements are arranged side by side so that the output light of the nth optical diffraction element becomes the input light of the (n+1)th optical diffraction element.
- the position of the (n+1)-th optical diffraction element with respect to the n-th optical diffraction element is accurately adjusted, it becomes impossible to execute the predetermined optical calculation. Therefore, in order to realize an optical arithmetic device that performs advanced optical arithmetic, it is necessary to adjust the position of the (n+1)-th optical diffraction element with respect to the n-th optical diffraction element with extremely high accuracy.
- One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide an optical diffraction element whose position relative to another optical diffraction element arranged in the front stage or the rear stage can be adjusted with high accuracy. aim.
- Another object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an optical arithmetic device including such an optical diffraction element, a method for adjusting the position of such an optical diffraction element, and a method for manufacturing such an optical arithmetic device.
- An optical diffraction element includes an optical structure for calculation composed of a plurality of microcells, and an optical structure for position adjustment formed outside the optical structure for calculation. configuration is adopted.
- an optical diffraction element whose position with respect to another optical diffraction element arranged in the front stage or the rear stage can be adjusted with high accuracy. Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, to provide an optical arithmetic device including such an optical diffraction element, a method for adjusting the position of such an optical diffraction element, and a method for manufacturing such an optical arithmetic device. can be done.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of an optical diffraction element according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a part of the optical structure for calculation provided in the optical diffraction element shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of an optical arithmetic device according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of the optical diffraction element 1.
- the optical diffraction element 1 is a light-transmitting plate-like element, and as shown in FIG. and a position adjusting optical structure 12 formed on the first principal surface or the second principal surface (the principal surface opposite to the first principal surface).
- the substrate 10, the calculation optical structure 11, and the position adjustment optical structure 12 may each be made of glass (for example, quartz glass) or resin (for example, photocurable resin). good.
- the position adjustment optical structure 12 is formed outside the calculation optical structure 11 .
- forming the position adjustment optical structure 12 outside the calculation optical structure 11 means, for example, the following. That is, when the optical structure for position adjustment 12 is formed on the first main surface of the substrate 10, the area where the optical structure for calculation 11 is formed on the first main surface and the optical structure for position adjustment on the first main surface 12 is formed and has no common portion. Further, when the position adjusting optical structure 12 is formed on the second main surface of the substrate 10, the area where the calculation optical structure 11 is formed on the first main surface and the position adjusting optical structure on the second main surface It means that the orthogonal projection onto the first major surface of the region in which the structure 12 is formed has no intersection.
- the calculation optical structure 11 is an optical structure for performing predetermined optical calculations.
- the calculation optical structure 11 can be composed of, for example, a plurality of microcells MC whose thicknesses or refractive indices are set independently of each other.
- the signal light diffracted by each microcell MC interferes with each other, thereby performing a predetermined optical calculation.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light output from the calculation optical structure 11 represents the result of the optical calculation.
- microcell refers to a cell with a cell size of less than 10 ⁇ m, for example.
- cell size refers to the square root of the area of a cell. For example, when the microcell has a square shape in plan view, the cell size is the length of one side of the cell.
- the lower limit of the cell size is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 1 nm.
- the calculation optical structure 11 illustrated in FIG. 1 is composed of 12 ⁇ 12 microcells MC arranged in a matrix.
- the plan view shape of each microcell MC is, for example, a 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m square, and the plan view shape of the calculation optical structure 11 is, for example, a 12 ⁇ m ⁇ 12 ⁇ m square.
- Phase change of light transmitted through each microcell MC by (1) setting the thickness of each microcell MC independently of each other, or (2) selecting the refractive index of each microcell MC independently of each other.
- the amounts can be set independently of each other.
- the method (1) that can be realized by nanoimprinting is adopted.
- each microcell MC is composed of a quadrangular prism-shaped pillar having a square bottom surface whose side length is equal to the cell size.
- the phase change amount of light passing through the microcell MC is determined according to the height of this pillar. That is, the phase change amount of light transmitted through the microcells MC composed of tall pillars is increased, and the phase change amount of light transmitted through the microcells MC composed of short pillars is decreased.
- the setting of the thickness or refractive index of each microcell MC can be realized using machine learning, for example.
- a model used in this machine learning is, for example, a model in which the intensity distribution of the signal light input to the optical structure for calculation 11 is input and the intensity distribution of the signal light output from the optical structure for calculation 11 is output.
- a model can be used that includes the thickness or refractive index of each microcell MC as a parameter.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light input to the calculation optical structure 11 is, for example, a set of numerical values representing the intensity of the signal light input to each microcell MC constituting the calculation optical structure 11. Point.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light output from the optical structure for calculation 11 is input to each microcell constituting the optical structure for calculation of another optical diffraction element arranged after the optical diffraction element 1, for example. or a set of numerical values representing the intensity of signal light input to each cell of a light-receiving device (for example, a two-dimensional image sensor) arranged after the optical diffraction element 1.
- the position adjusting optical structure 12 is an optical structure for adjusting the position of the optical diffraction element 1 with respect to other optical diffraction elements arranged before or after the optical diffraction element 1 .
- the positioning optical structure 12 can be composed of, for example, a plurality of microcells MC' whose thickness, refractive index, or transmittance are set independently of each other.
- the position adjustment optical structure 12 can be used to form an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the position adjustment optical structure of another optical diffraction element arranged after the optical diffraction element 1.
- a position adjusting optical structure 12 can be realized, for example, by setting the thickness of each microcell MC' so that the position adjusting optical structure 12 functions equivalently to a condensing lens having a specific shape. can be done.
- the position adjusting optical structure 12 may transfer the intensity distribution of the optical image formed by the position adjusting optical structure of another optical diffraction element arranged in front of the optical diffraction element 1 to the other optical diffraction element. It can be used for changing according to the position of the optical diffraction element 1 .
- Such an alignment optical structure 12 can be realized, for example, by setting the transmittance of each microcell MC' so that the alignment optical structure 12 functions equivalently to a mask having a specific shape. can.
- the position adjusting optical structure 12 is sufficiently separated from the calculation optical structure 11 .
- the distance d between the optical structure for calculation 11 and the optical structure for position adjustment 12 is set to be greater than the maximum value Dmax of the distance between two microcells selected from the plurality of microcells constituting the optical structure for calculation 11.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical arithmetic device 2. As shown in FIG.
- the optical arithmetic unit 2 includes a first optical diffraction element 1A, a second optical diffraction element 1B arranged after the first optical diffraction element 1A, and a second optical diffraction element 1B. and a third optical diffraction element 1C arranged after 1B.
- These three optical diffraction elements 1A, 1B, and 1C are examples of the optical diffraction element 1 described above.
- the first optical diffraction element 1A has a first position adjustment optical structure 1A2 in addition to the first calculation optical structure 1A1.
- the second optical diffraction element 1B includes a second optical structure for calculation 1B1, a second optical structure for position adjustment 1B2 and a third optical structure for position adjustment 1B3.
- the third optical diffraction element 1C has a fourth position adjustment optical structure 1C2 in addition to the third calculation optical structure 1C1.
- the three optical diffraction elements 1A, 1B, and 1C are composed of (1) the three optical structures for calculation 1A1, 1B1, and 1C1 aligned on the first straight line L1, and (2) the first optical structure for position adjustment 1A2 and the first 2 position adjusting optical structures 1B2 are arranged on the second straight line L2, and (3) the third position adjusting optical structure 1B3 and the fourth positioning optical structure 1C2 are arranged on the third straight line L3. are placed in
- the first positioning optical structure 1A2 forms an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the second positioning optical structure 1B2 when adjustment light having a specific intensity distribution is input.
- the second optical structure for position adjustment 1B2 changes the intensity distribution of the optical image formed by the first optical structure for position adjustment 1A2 according to the position of the second optical diffraction element 1B with respect to the first optical diffraction element 1A. used to change the
- the second optical structure for the first optical diffraction element 1A is arranged so that the intensity distribution of the optical image detected by the image sensor arranged after the second position adjusting optical structure 1B2 matches the predetermined intensity distribution.
- the first position-adjusting optical structure 1A2 functions as a condensing lens that converges adjustment light on the central portion of the second position-adjusting optical structure 1B2.
- the second position adjusting optical structure 1B2 functions as a mask that transmits adjustment light incident on the central portion and blocks (absorbs or reflects) adjustment light incident on the peripheral portion. Therefore, when the position of the second optical diffraction element 1B deviates from the proper position, the intensity of the adjustment light passing through the second position adjustment optical structure 1B2 is reduced. Also, diffracted light is generated in a direction in which the position of the second optical diffraction element 1B deviates from the proper position. Therefore, by monitoring the intensity distribution of the adjustment light that passes through the second position adjusting optical structure 1B2, it is possible to specify in which direction and how much the second optical diffraction element 1B is displaced.
- the third position adjusting optical structure 1B3 forms an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2 when position adjusting light having a specific intensity distribution is input.
- the fourth optical structure for position adjustment 1C2 changes the intensity distribution of the optical image formed by the third optical structure for position adjustment 1B3 according to the position of the third optical diffraction element 1C with respect to the second optical diffraction element 1B.
- used to change the The third optical structure for the second optical diffraction element 1B is arranged so that the intensity distribution of the optical image detected by the image sensor arranged after the fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2 matches the predetermined intensity distribution.
- the third position-adjusting optical structure 1B3 functions as a condensing lens that converges adjustment light on the central portion of the fourth position-adjusting optical structure 1C2.
- the fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2 functions as a mask that transmits adjustment light incident on the central portion and blocks (absorbs or reflects) adjustment light incident on the peripheral portion. Therefore, when the position of the third optical diffraction element 1C deviates from the proper position, the intensity of the adjustment light passing through the fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2 is reduced. Also, diffracted light is generated in a direction in which the position of the third optical diffraction element 1C deviates from the proper position. Therefore, by monitoring the intensity distribution of the adjustment light that passes through the fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2, it is possible to identify in which direction and how much the third optical diffraction element 1C is displaced.
- the first optical diffraction element 1A is further provided with a position adjusting optical structure equivalent to the first position adjusting optical structure 1A2, and the second optical diffraction element 1B is provided with a second position adjusting optical structure 1B2.
- Equivalent alignment optics may also be provided.
- the second optical diffraction element 1B is further provided with a position adjusting optical structure equivalent to the third position adjusting optical structure 1B3, and the third optical diffraction element 1C is provided with a fourth position adjusting optical structure 1C2.
- a position adjusting optical structure equivalent to that may be further provided.
- the method of adjusting the positions of the optical diffraction elements 1A, 1B, and 1C described above may be performed by the manufacturer before the optical arithmetic device 2 is shipped as a product, or may be used after the optical arithmetic device 2 is shipped as a product. may be carried out by That is, the method of adjusting the positions of the optical diffraction elements 1A, 1B, and 1C described above can be implemented as a simple method, or can be implemented as part of the method of manufacturing the optical arithmetic device 2.
- the optical diffraction element according to aspect 1 of the present invention comprises an optical structure for calculation composed of a plurality of microcells, and an optical structure for position adjustment formed outside the optical structure for calculation. configuration is adopted.
- optical diffraction element according to aspect 2 of the present invention in addition to the configuration of the optical diffraction element according to aspect 1, as the optical structure for position adjustment, an optical structure for forming an optical image having a specific intensity distribution, and one or both of an optical structure for changing the intensity distribution of the optical image.
- the position adjusting optical structure when an optical structure for forming an optical image having a specific intensity distribution is provided as the position adjusting optical structure, the position with respect to other optical diffraction elements arranged in the subsequent stage can be accurately determined. A well-tunable optical diffraction element can be realized. Further, according to the above configuration, when the optical structure for changing the intensity distribution of the optical image is provided as the position adjusting optical structure, the position with respect to the other optical diffraction element arranged in the preceding stage can be accurately adjusted. A tunable optical diffraction element can be realized.
- the distance between the optical structure for calculation and the optical structure for position adjustment is the plurality of microcells. is greater than the maximum separation of two microcells selected from .
- the influence of the position adjustment optical structure on the signal light input to the calculation optical structure or the signal light output from the calculation optical structure can be reduced to a negligible extent. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to realize an optical diffraction element capable of accurately adjusting the position with respect to other optical diffraction elements arranged in the preceding stage or the succeeding stage without affecting the optical calculation. .
- the optical diffraction element according to any one aspect of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first optical diffraction element having the first position adjustment optical structure formed thereon; , the optical diffraction element according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the second optical diffraction element is formed with a second position adjustment optical structure;
- the optical structure forms an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the second alignment optical structure, wherein the second alignment optical structure is formed by the first alignment optical structure.
- a configuration is adopted in which the intensity distribution of the optical image obtained is changed according to the position of the second optical diffraction element with respect to the first optical diffraction element.
- the second optical diffraction element is further formed with a third position adjustment optical structure.
- the optical arithmetic device further includes a third optical diffraction element, which is the optical diffraction element according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, in which a fourth optical structure for position adjustment is formed;
- the optical structure for position adjustment forms an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the optical structure for position adjustment
- the optical structure for position adjustment forms an optical image having a specific intensity distribution on the optical structure for position adjustment.
- a configuration is adopted in which the intensity distribution of the optical image formed by the structure is changed according to the position of the third optical diffraction element with respect to the second optical diffraction element.
- the position of the third optical diffraction element with respect to the second optical diffraction element can be adjusted with high accuracy.
- a tunable optical computing device can be realized.
- the first optical diffraction element, the second optical diffraction element, and the third optical diffraction element in addition to the configuration of the optical arithmetic device according to aspect 5, the first optical diffraction element, the second optical diffraction element, and the third optical diffraction element are aligned on a first straight line, and the third optical structure for position adjustment and the fourth optical structure for position adjustment A configuration is adopted in which the structures are arranged so as to be aligned on the second straight line.
- the adjustment of the position of the second optical diffraction element with respect to the first optical diffraction element and the adjustment of the position of the third optical diffraction element with respect to the second optical diffraction element can be performed with high accuracy. It is possible to realize an optical arithmetic device capable of
- a position adjustment method according to aspect 7 of the present invention is a position adjustment method for an optical diffraction element in the optical arithmetic device according to any one of aspects 4 to 6, wherein the position adjustment method is changed by the second position adjustment optical structure.
- a step of adjusting the position of the second optical diffraction element with respect to the first optical diffraction element with reference to the intensity distribution of the optical image is included.
- the user of the optical arithmetic device can easily realize the optical arithmetic device in which the position of the optical diffraction element is adjusted with high accuracy.
- a manufacturing method according to aspect 8 of the present invention is a manufacturing method for manufacturing the optical arithmetic device according to any one of aspects 4 to 6, wherein the optical image changed by the second position adjustment optical structure is A step of adjusting the position of the second optical diffraction element with respect to the first optical diffraction element with reference to the intensity distribution is included.
- the manufacturer of the optical arithmetic device can easily realize an optical arithmetic device in which the position of the optical diffraction element is adjusted with high precision.
- optical diffraction element 11 optical structure for calculation MC microcell 12
- optical calculation device 1A first optical diffraction element 1A1 first optical structure for calculation 1A2 first optical structure for position adjustment 1B
- Second optical diffraction element 1B1 Second optical structure for calculation 1B2
- Second optical structure for position adjustment 1B3 Third optical structure for position adjustment 1C
- Third optical diffraction element 1C1 Third optical structure for calculation 1C2 4 position adjustment optical structure
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る光回折素子1の構成について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、光回折素子1の構成を示す平面図である。
本発明の一実施形態に係る光演算装置2の構成について、図3を参照して説明する。図3は、光演算装置2の構成を示す斜視図である。
(まとめ)
本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものでなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、上述した実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても、本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
11 演算用光学構造
MC マイクロセル
12 位置調整用光学構造
MC’ マイクロセル
2 光演算装置
1A 第1の光回折素子
1A1 第1の演算用光学構造
1A2 第1の位置調整用光学構造
1B 第2の光回折素子
1B1 第2の演算用光学構造
1B2 第2の位置調整用光学構造
1B3 第3の位置調整用光学構造
1C 第3の光回折素子
1C1 第3の演算用光学構造
1C2 第4の位置調整用光学構造
Claims (8)
- 複数のマイクロセルにより構成された演算用光学構造と、
前記演算用光学構造の外部に形成された位置調整用光学構造と、を備えている、
ことを特徴とする光回折素子。 - 前記位置調整用光学構造として、特定の強度分布を有する光学像を形成するための光学構造、及び、光学像の強度分布を変化させるための光学構造の一方又は両方を備えている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光回折素子。 - 前記演算用光学構造と前記位置調整用光学構造との隔たりは、前記複数のマイクロセルから選択された2つのマイクロセルの隔たりの最大値よりも大きい、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光回折素子。 - 請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の光回折素子であって、第1の位置調整用光学構造が形成された第1の光回折素子と、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の光回折素子であって、第2の位置調整用光学構造が形成された第2の光回折素子と、を少なくとも含み、
前記第1の位置調整用光学構造は、特定の強度分布を有する光学像を前記第2の位置調整用光学構造上に形成し、
前記第2の位置調整用光学構造は、前記第1の位置調整用光学構造により形成された光学像の強度分布を、前記第1の光回折素子に対する前記第2の光回折素子の位置に応じて変化させる、
ことを特徴とする光演算装置。 - 前記第2の光回折素子には、第3の位置調整用光学構造が更に形成されており、
当該光演算装置は、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の光回折素子であって、第4の位置調整用光学構造が形成された第3の光回折素子を更に含み、
前記第3の位置調整用光学構造は、特定の強度分布を有する光学像を前記第4の位置調整用光学構造上に形成し、
前記第4の位置調整用光学構造は、前記第3の位置調整用光学構造により形成された光学像の強度分布を、前記第2の光回折素子に対する前記第3の光回折素子の位置に応じて変化させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の光演算装置。 - 前記第1の光回折素子、前記第2の光回折素子、及び前記第3の光回折素子は、前記第1の位置調整用光学構造及び前記第2の位置調整用光学構造が第1の直線上に並び、且つ、前記第3の位置調整用光学構造及び前記第4の位置調整用光学構造が第2の直線上に並ぶように配置されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の光演算装置。 - 請求項4~6の何れか一項に記載の光演算装置における光回折素子の位置を調整する位置調整方法であって、
前記第2の位置調整用光学構造により変化した前記光学像の強度分布を参照して前記第1の光回折素子に対する前記第2の光回折素子の位置を調整する工程を含んでいる、
ことを特徴とする位置調整方法。 - 請求項4~6の何れか一項に記載の光演算装置を製造する製造方法であって、
前記第2の位置調整用光学構造により変化した前記光学像の強度分布を参照して前記第1の光回折素子に対する前記第2の光回折素子の位置を調整する工程を含んでいる、
ことを特徴とする製造方法。
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JPH06244085A (ja) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-09-02 | Nikon Corp | ホログラフィを用いた露光方法及び装置 |
JPH0968705A (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | アライメントマークとアライメント方法 |
JP2005091891A (ja) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-04-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 微小光学部品、微小光学部品の製造方法及び光学装置 |
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US20200242463A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Optical neural network apparatus including passive phase modulator |
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JPH04324406A (ja) * | 1991-04-25 | 1992-11-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光ファイバアレイとレンズアレイとの結合方法 |
JPH06244085A (ja) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-09-02 | Nikon Corp | ホログラフィを用いた露光方法及び装置 |
JPH0968705A (ja) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | アライメントマークとアライメント方法 |
JP2005091891A (ja) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-04-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 微小光学部品、微小光学部品の製造方法及び光学装置 |
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