WO2022170774A1 - Device for treating ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis products - Google Patents
Device for treating ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis products Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
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Abstract
A device for treating ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis products, the device comprising an ore preheating device, a pyrolysis reduction device and a multi-stage cooling device, wherein a heater is provided on an upper outer side of the pyrolysis reduction device, and the heater is connected to a flue gas heat exchanger; a feed port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected to a discharge port of the ore preheating device, and a discharge port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected to the multi-stage cooling device. By means of the device of such a structure, waste plastics, waste coke, etc. and preheated ilmenite ore can be fed into the pyrolysis reduction device together, and in the device, by means of increasing the temperature, the waste plastics, the waste coke, etc. are pyrolyzed to generate reducing gas, such that the device is completely in a reducing atmosphere, the reducing gas reacts with the ilmenite ore to generate elemental iron in a high-temperature environment to increase the actual content of FeTiO3, then the temperature is decreased to about 40°C by means of multi-stage heat exchange, and high-temperature gas generated by means of heat exchange is used as a heat source of the iron ore preheating device, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of energy.
Description
本发明属于固废综合利用领域，涉及一种利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置。The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste, and relates to a device for processing ilmenite ore by using a pyrolysis product of solid waste.
固体废物来源广，种类多，处理起来难度较大，不但污染空气、水源和土壤，而且这些不少固体废物中含有有害成分，其影响环境的途径很多，其生产、运输、储存、处理到处置的各个过程，都可能对环境造成较大的危害。为了控制其对环境的污染，必须对其进行无害化处置，现有技术中，固废热解是一种全新的处理手段，主要是利用高温环境促使固废中的高分子组分热解为低分子量产物，在相应催化剂的存在下还可以实现产氢、生产燃气等多种用途；现有技术中固废热解产生的气态物质一般都是作为燃料气直接燃烧，这样造成这部分物质的利用率较为低下。Solid wastes come from a wide variety of sources and are difficult to handle. They not only pollute the air, water and soil, but also many of these solid wastes contain harmful components, which affect the environment in many ways, including production, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal. Each process may cause greater harm to the environment. In order to control its pollution to the environment, it must be disposed of harmlessly. In the prior art, solid waste pyrolysis is a new treatment method, which mainly uses high temperature environment to promote the pyrolysis of polymer components in solid waste. It is a low-molecular-weight product, and in the presence of a corresponding catalyst, it can also achieve various purposes such as hydrogen production and gas production; in the prior art, the gaseous substances produced by the pyrolysis of solid waste are generally directly burned as fuel gas, which causes this part of the substance. utilization rate is relatively low.
钛铁矿是铁和钛的氧化物矿物，又称钛磁铁矿，是提炼钛的主要矿石。钛铁矿很重，灰到黑色，具有一点金属光泽。晶体一般为板状，晶体集合在一起为块状或粒状，成分为FeTiO
3，TiO
2含量52.66％，是提取钛和二氧化钛的主要矿物。如何降低Fe在冶炼过程中对于TiO
2的影响，一直是本领域的难题；同时冶炼过程中需要耗费大量的热能，这部分热能的回收和利用也是本领域一直难以解决的问题之一。
Ilmenite is an oxide mineral of iron and titanium, also known as titanomagnetite, which is the main ore for refining titanium. Ilmenite is heavy, grey to black with a little metallic sheen. The crystals are generally plate-like, and the crystals are aggregated into blocks or granules. The composition is FeTiO 3 , and the content of TiO 2 is 52.66%. It is the main mineral for extracting titanium and titanium dioxide. How to reduce the impact of Fe on TiO 2 in the smelting process has always been a difficult problem in the field; meanwhile, a large amount of heat energy is consumed in the smelting process, and the recovery and utilization of this part of the heat energy is also one of the problems that have been difficult to solve in the field.
结合上述情况，能否将固废热解与钛铁矿矿石的处理结合在一起，成为本领域技术人员可以考虑的全新技术手段。Combining the above situation, whether the solid waste pyrolysis can be combined with the treatment of ilmenite ore has become a new technical means that can be considered by those skilled in the art.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，包括矿石预热装置，热解还原装置和多级冷却装置，热解还原装置上外侧设置有加热器，加热器连接有烟气换热器；热解还原装置进料口与铁矿石预热装置出料口连接，热解还原装置出料口与多级冷却装置连接，多级冷却装置中的热空气通过管路送入烟气换热器调温后送入铁矿石预热装置；采用这种结构的装置，可以将废塑料、废焦炭等与预热后的铁矿石一起送入热解还原装置，在该装置中通过提高温度使废塑料、 废焦炭等热解产生还原性气体，使该装置完全处于还原气氛围，在高温环境下与钛铁矿石反应生成单质铁，提高FeTiO
3的实际含量，之后通过多级换热将其温度降低到40℃左右，换热产生的高温气体作为铁矿石预热装置的热源使用，实现了能源的综合利用。
In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a device for processing ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis products, including an ore preheating device, a pyrolysis reduction device and a multi-stage cooling device, and a heater is provided on the outer side of the pyrolysis reduction device , the heater is connected with a flue gas heat exchanger; the feed port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected to the discharge port of the iron ore preheating device, and the discharge port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected to the multi-stage cooling device. The hot air is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger through the pipeline to adjust the temperature and then sent to the iron ore preheating device; the device with this structure can send waste plastic, waste coke, etc. together with the preheated iron ore. Pyrolysis reduction device, in this device, waste plastics, waste coke, etc. are pyrolyzed to generate reducing gas by increasing the temperature, so that the device is completely in a reducing gas atmosphere, and reacts with ilmenite ore in a high temperature environment to generate elemental iron, which improves the The actual content of FeTiO 3 is then lowered to about 40°C through multi-stage heat exchange, and the high-temperature gas generated by the heat exchange is used as the heat source of the iron ore preheating device, realizing the comprehensive utilization of energy.
本发明的具体技术方案是：The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，包括顺次连接的矿石预热装置，热解还原装置和多级冷却装置；A device for processing ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis product, comprising an ore preheating device, a pyrolysis reduction device and a multi-stage cooling device connected in sequence;
其中所述热解还原装置上外侧设置有加热器，加热器连接有供热装置和烟气换热器；热解还原装置进料口与矿石预热装置出料口连接，热解还原装置出料口与多级冷却装置连接；A heater is arranged on the outer side of the pyrolysis reduction device, and the heater is connected with a heating device and a flue gas heat exchanger; the feed inlet of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with the discharge outlet of the ore preheating device, and the outlet The material port is connected with the multi-stage cooling device;
所述的多级冷却装置包括固体产物一级冷却器和固体产物二级冷却器，其中一级冷却器以环境空气作为换热介质，二级冷却器以冷却水作为换热介质，实现对固体产物的分级冷却，其中一级冷却器换热后的热空气通过管路送入烟气换热器调温后送入矿石预热装置；The multi-stage cooling device includes a solid product primary cooler and a solid product secondary cooler, wherein the primary cooler uses ambient air as a heat exchange medium, and the secondary cooler uses cooling water as a heat exchange medium to achieve solid Classified cooling of the product, wherein the hot air after the heat exchange of the primary cooler is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger through the pipeline for temperature adjustment and then sent to the ore preheating device;
除此之外，烟气换热器还连接有回热风机，从而可以将换热后的热烟气送入供热装置中，重复利用其中的热量，实现热能的综合回收利用，回热风机与供热装置之间也通过管路连接；In addition, the flue gas heat exchanger is also connected with a heat recovery fan, so that the hot flue gas after heat exchange can be sent to the heating device, the heat in it can be reused, and the comprehensive recovery and utilization of heat energy can be realized. It is also connected with the heating device through pipelines;
采用这种结构的装置，首先利用整个装置中产生的含有大量余热的烟气作为热源进一步加热一级冷却器获得的热空气，对钛铁矿矿石进行预热，这一过程中，混合热气与矿石直接进行接触换热，除了可以将矿石的温度提高外，还可以起到吹扫矿石表面杂质的作用，这一过程一般可以将矿石的温度提高到300℃左右，这样一些对于后续冶炼不利的元素会被去除，挺高矿石的品质，有利于后续的处理；The device with this structure first uses the flue gas containing a large amount of waste heat generated in the whole device as a heat source to further heat the hot air obtained from the primary cooler to preheat the ilmenite ore. In this process, the mixed hot gas and The direct contact heat exchange of the ore can not only increase the temperature of the ore, but also play the role of purging the impurities on the surface of the ore. This process can generally increase the temperature of the ore to about 300 °C, which is unfavorable for subsequent smelting. The elements will be removed, and the quality of the ore will be high, which is conducive to subsequent processing;
之后可以将废塑料、废焦炭等可产生还原性气体的废料与预热后的钛铁矿石一起送入热解还原装置，该热解还原装置外侧设置有加热器，其连接有供热装置和烟气换热器，通过供热装置提供热烟气作为热源来为热解还原装置供热，供热后的烟气送入烟气换热器，在加热器的作用下，热解还原装置可以提供600℃以上的高温，使废塑料、废焦炭等热解产生还原性气体，这一过程中整个装置内为无氧环境，这 样可以促使废塑料、废焦炭热解产生更多的还原性气体，同时确保整个装置的安全，为了达到这一无氧环境，一般控制矿石预热装置和热解还原装置之间采用密封连接的方式，且优选的在矿石预热装置中设置料封或气体替换装置，将矿石预热装置中的含氧气体置换为惰性气体，所采用的方法和装置均为本领域的常规技术，发明人在此不再赘述；在上述温度环境下废塑料、废焦炭热解产生气体主要以氢气、一氧化碳为主，加之焦炭自身含有的碳单质，均为还原性物质，这部分物质使该装置完全处于还原气氛内；Afterwards, waste plastics, waste coke and other wastes that can generate reducing gas can be sent to the pyrolysis reduction device together with the preheated ilmenite ore. The outer side of the pyrolysis reduction device is provided with a heater, which is connected with a heating device. And the flue gas heat exchanger, the hot flue gas is provided by the heating device as a heat source to supply heat for the pyrolysis reduction device, and the heated flue gas is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger, under the action of the heater, the pyrolysis reduction The device can provide a high temperature above 600 °C, so that waste plastics, waste coke and other pyrolysis generate reducing gas. During this process, the entire device is in an oxygen-free environment, which can promote the pyrolysis of waste plastics and waste coke to generate more reduction. In order to achieve this oxygen-free environment, it is generally controlled to use a sealed connection between the ore preheating device and the pyrolysis reduction device, and it is preferable to set a material seal or a material seal in the ore preheating device. The gas replacement device replaces the oxygen-containing gas in the ore preheating device with an inert gas. The methods and devices used are conventional technologies in the field, and the inventor will not repeat them here; under the above temperature environment, waste plastics, waste The gas produced by coke pyrolysis is mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the carbon element contained in the coke itself is a reducing substance, which makes the device completely in a reducing atmosphere;
之所以控制热解还原装置的温度至600℃以上，除了确保上述废塑料等固废的裂解之外，更重要的是，在600℃左右的温度下FeTiO
3-Fe2O
3固溶体出溶，在钛铁矿中析出赤铁矿的片晶，并按(0001)定向排列，此时实现了Fe
2O
3的析出，而在600℃以上的温度下，在充满还原性气体的氛围内，Fe
2O
3可以还原为铁单质，这样就将更多的铁单质从钛铁矿中还原分离出来，提高了FeTiO
3的实际含量，便于后续对其进行处理获得金属钛，为了确保这一反应过程的连续性，一般控制单位体积的钛铁矿在热解还原装置内的停留时间为6h以上，而废塑料、废焦炭的投料量均为过量，也就是说这部分原料的用量远超钛铁矿，从而确保有足够的还原性物质产出；
The reason why the temperature of the pyrolysis reduction device is controlled to above 600°C is not only to ensure the cracking of the above-mentioned solid wastes such as waste plastics, but also more importantly, at a temperature of about 600°C, the FeTiO 3 -Fe2O 3 solid solution is dissolved and dissolved in titanium. Hematite platelets are precipitated in the iron ore and are arranged in the (0001) orientation. At this time, the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 is realized. At a temperature above 600 ° C, in an atmosphere full of reducing gas, Fe 2 O 3 can be reduced to iron element, which reduces and separates more iron element from ilmenite, increases the actual content of FeTiO 3 , and facilitates subsequent processing to obtain metallic titanium. Continuity, the residence time of ilmenite per unit volume in the pyrolysis reduction device is generally controlled to be more than 6h, and the amount of waste plastic and waste coke is excessive, that is to say, the amount of this part of the raw material far exceeds that of ilmenite. , so as to ensure that sufficient reducing substances are produced;
经过热解还原装置处理后的钛铁矿矿石还含有大量的余热，这部分余热的综合利用是本发明的另一重要目标，具体应用时发明人设计了多级冷却装置包括固体产物一级冷却器和固体产物二级冷却器，其中一级冷却器以环境空气作为换热介质，二级冷却器以冷却水作为换热介质，之所以这样设计，是为了利用环境空气流量大的特点，利用固体产物一级冷却器将处理后的钛铁矿矿石的余热尽可能的转移到环境空气中，使之成为热空气，这部分热空气若温度直接满足矿石预热装置的温度要求，可以通过管路直接送入矿石预热装置，若温度不足则可进入烟气换热器后，与加热器排出的热烟气进行二次换热，进一步吸收其中的热量获得温度更高的热空气，当热空气的温度达到矿石预热装置的温度要求时，可以将这部分热空气直接送入矿石预热装置中对钛铁矿进行预热；若换热后温度过高时，可以通过混风装置与环境空气或外排烟气进行混合，降低其温度以达到矿石预热装置的温度要求；同时经过烟气换热器换热后的热烟气可以进入回热风机，通过该风机处理部分作为气源送入供热装置中二次加热作为热解还原装置的热源，剩余部分降温后送入混风装置作为 矿石预热装置的热源，特别是在设备初期运行阶段，后续的冷却器还无法产生足够的热空气时，可以利用上述装置将外排热烟气作为矿石预热装置的热源；The ilmenite ore processed by the pyrolysis reduction device also contains a large amount of waste heat. The comprehensive utilization of this part of the waste heat is another important goal of the present invention. In the specific application, the inventor designed a multi-stage cooling device including a primary cooling of solid products. The primary cooler uses ambient air as the heat exchange medium, and the secondary cooler uses cooling water as the heat exchange medium. The reason for this design is to take advantage of the large ambient air flow and use The solid product primary cooler transfers the waste heat of the treated ilmenite ore to the ambient air as much as possible to make it hot air. If the temperature of this part of the hot air directly meets the temperature requirements of the ore preheating device, it can be passed through the pipe. If the temperature is insufficient, it can enter the flue gas heat exchanger, conduct secondary heat exchange with the hot flue gas discharged from the heater, and further absorb the heat in it to obtain hot air with a higher temperature. When the temperature of the hot air reaches the temperature requirement of the ore preheating device, this part of the hot air can be directly sent to the ore preheating device to preheat the ilmenite; if the temperature after heat exchange is too high, it can be passed through the mixing device Mix with ambient air or external exhaust flue gas to reduce its temperature to meet the temperature requirements of the ore preheating device; at the same time, the hot flue gas after heat exchange by the flue gas heat exchanger can enter the regenerative fan, and the processing part of the fan acts as a The air source is sent to the heating device for secondary heating as the heat source of the pyrolysis reduction device, and the remaining part is cooled and sent to the air mixing device as the heat source of the ore preheating device. Especially in the initial operation stage of the equipment, the subsequent coolers cannot When enough hot air is generated, the above-mentioned device can be used to use the exhaust hot flue gas as the heat source of the ore preheating device;
经过固体产物一级冷却器冷却后，钛铁矿矿石依然含有大量的热能，为了进一步利用，发明人利用固体产物二级冷却器对其进行强制换热，将其温度降至40℃左右，升温后的冷却水可以作为其他工序或环境供热的热源，经过换热降温后继续作为冷却水使用；After being cooled by the solid product primary cooler, the ilmenite ore still contains a large amount of thermal energy. In order to further utilize it, the inventors used the solid product secondary cooler to force heat exchange to reduce its temperature to about 40°C, and the temperature increased. The resulting cooling water can be used as a heat source for other processes or ambient heating, and continues to be used as cooling water after heat exchange and cooling;
经过该步处理后的钛铁矿矿石已经降至室温，因此可以通过常规手段将其中的铁单质分离出来，另作他用，而分离获得的钛铁矿矿石则可以利用现有技术提纯其中的钛元素，获得金属钛，这样就避免了铁对于后续提纯的影响。The ilmenite ore after this step has been reduced to room temperature, so the elemental iron in it can be separated by conventional means and used for other purposes, and the ilmenite ore obtained by separation can be purified by using the existing technology. Titanium element is obtained to obtain metallic titanium, which avoids the influence of iron on subsequent purification.
所述矿石预热装置连接有烟气除尘净化系统，这样经过与钛铁矿换热后的热烟气或热空气可以通过该系统处理后，去除其中的固体尘埃，降低其对于环境的污染，并通过排气装置直接外外排；The ore preheating device is connected with a flue gas dust removal and purification system, so that the hot flue gas or hot air after heat exchange with the ilmenite can be processed by the system to remove the solid dust and reduce its pollution to the environment, And it is directly discharged through the exhaust device;
所述热解还原装置连接有气体净化系统，由于废塑料、废焦炭等热解除了产生还原性气体外，还会产生烯烃等气体组分，这些组分可以作为燃料气使用，但是为了降低对于环境的污染还需要对其中的气体组分进行处理，如通过碱洗和酸洗去除其中的有害杂质，获得更为纯净的燃料气，这部分燃料气可以直接送入供热装置作为燃料气燃烧；除此之外，热解还原装置生成的气相产物还可以通过管路循环回到热解还原装置，进行二次的裂解，以求获得更多的气体产物，这部分产物中的还原性气体可以作为上述还原铁单质的还原性物质使用，而其他气体组分则可以继续上述进程，获得更高纯度的燃料气；The pyrolysis reduction device is connected with a gas purification system. Since waste plastics, waste coke and other heat are deactivated to generate reducing gas, gas components such as olefins will also be generated. These components can be used as fuel gas, but in order to reduce the Environmental pollution also requires the treatment of the gas components, such as removing harmful impurities through alkali washing and acid washing to obtain purer fuel gas. This part of the fuel gas can be directly sent to the heating device for combustion as fuel gas ; In addition, the gas-phase product generated by the pyrolysis reduction unit can also be recycled back to the pyrolysis reduction unit through the pipeline for secondary cracking in order to obtain more gas products. The reducing gas in this part of the product It can be used as the reducing substance of the above-mentioned reduced iron element, and other gas components can continue the above process to obtain higher purity fuel gas;
综上所述，采用这种结构的装置，可以将废塑料、废焦炭等与预热后的铁矿石一起送入热解还原装置，在该装置中通过提高温度使废塑料、废焦炭等热解产生还原性气体，使该装置完全处于还原气氛围，在高温环境下与钛铁矿石反应生成单质铁，提高FeTiO
3的实际含量，之后通过多级换热将其温度降低到40℃左右，换热产生的高温气体作为铁矿石预热装置的热源使用，实现了能源的综合利用。
To sum up, using the device with this structure, waste plastics, waste coke, etc. can be sent to the pyrolysis reduction device together with the preheated iron ore, and the waste plastics, waste coke, etc. can be reduced by increasing the temperature in the device. Pyrolysis produces reducing gas, so that the device is completely in a reducing gas atmosphere, reacts with ilmenite ore to generate elemental iron in a high temperature environment, increases the actual content of FeTiO 3 , and then reduces its temperature to 40 ° C through multi-stage heat exchange At the same time, the high-temperature gas generated by heat exchange is used as the heat source of the iron ore preheating device, realizing the comprehensive utilization of energy.
图1为本发明所述利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for treating ilmenite ore with a solid waste pyrolysis product according to the present invention.
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式，对本发明的上述内容做进一步的详细说明，凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。The above-mentioned content of the present invention is further described in detail below through the specific implementation in the form of examples, and all technologies realized based on the above-mentioned content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，包括顺次连接的矿石预热装置，热解还原装置和多级冷却装置；其中所述热解还原装置上外侧设置有加热器，加热器连接有供热装置和烟气换热器；热解还原装置进料口与矿石预热装置出料口连接，热解还原装置出料口与多级冷却装置连接；As shown in Figure 1, a device for processing ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis products includes an ore preheating device, a pyrolysis reduction device and a multi-stage cooling device connected in sequence; A heater is arranged on the outside, and the heater is connected with a heating device and a flue gas heat exchanger; the feed port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with the discharge port of the ore preheating device, and the discharge port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with the multi-stage cooling device ;
所述的多级冷却装置包括固体产物一级冷却器和固体产物二级冷却器，其中一级冷却器以环境空气作为换热介质，二级冷却器以冷却水作为换热介质，实现对固体产物的分级冷却，其中一级冷却器换热后的热空气通过管路送入烟气换热器调温后送入矿石预热装置；The multi-stage cooling device includes a solid product primary cooler and a solid product secondary cooler, wherein the primary cooler uses ambient air as a heat exchange medium, and the secondary cooler uses cooling water as a heat exchange medium to achieve solid Classified cooling of the product, wherein the hot air after the heat exchange of the primary cooler is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger through the pipeline for temperature adjustment and then sent to the ore preheating device;
除此之外，烟气换热器还连接有回热风机，从而可以将换热后的热烟气送入供热装置中，重复利用其中的热量，实现热能的综合回收利用，回热风机与供热装置之间也通过管路连接；In addition, the flue gas heat exchanger is also connected with a heat recovery fan, so that the hot flue gas after heat exchange can be sent to the heating device, the heat in it can be reused, and the comprehensive recovery and utilization of heat energy can be realized. It is also connected with the heating device through pipelines;
采用这种结构的装置，首先利用整个装置中产生的含有大量余热的烟气作为热源进一步加热一级冷却器获得的热空气，对钛铁矿矿石进行预热，这一过程中，混合热气与矿石直接进行接触换热，除了可以将矿石的温度提高外，还可以起到吹扫矿石表面杂质的作用，这一过程一般可以将矿石的温度提高到300℃左右，这样一些对于后续冶炼不利的元素会被去除，挺高矿石的品质，有利于后续的处理；The device with this structure first uses the flue gas containing a large amount of waste heat generated in the whole device as a heat source to further heat the hot air obtained from the primary cooler to preheat the ilmenite ore. In this process, the mixed hot gas and The direct contact heat exchange of the ore can not only increase the temperature of the ore, but also play the role of purging the impurities on the surface of the ore. This process can generally increase the temperature of the ore to about 300 °C, which is unfavorable for subsequent smelting. The elements will be removed, and the quality of the ore will be high, which is conducive to subsequent processing;
之后可以将废塑料、废焦炭等可产生还原性气体的废料与预热后的钛铁矿石一起送入热解还原装置，该热解还原装置外侧设置有加热器，其连接有供热装置和烟气换热器，通过供热装置提供热烟气作为热源来为热解还原装置供热，供热后的烟气送入烟气换热器，在加热器的作用下，热解还原装置可以提供600℃以上的高温，使废塑料、废焦炭等热解产生还原性气体，这一过程中整个装置内为无氧环境，可以促使废塑料、废焦炭热解产生更多的还原性气体，同时确保整个装置的安全，为了达到这一无氧环境，一般控制矿石预热装置和热解还原装置之间采用密封连接的 方式，且优选的在矿石预热装置中设置料封或气体替换装置，将矿石预热装置中的含氧气体置换为惰性气体，所采用的方法和装置均为本领域的常规技术，发明人在此不再赘述；在上述温度环境下废塑料、废焦炭热解产生气体主要以氢气、一氧化碳为主，加之焦炭自身含有的碳单质，均为还原性物质，这部分物质使该装置完全处于还原气氛围；Afterwards, waste plastics, waste coke and other wastes that can generate reducing gas can be sent to the pyrolysis reduction device together with the preheated ilmenite ore. The outer side of the pyrolysis reduction device is provided with a heater, which is connected with a heating device. And the flue gas heat exchanger, the hot flue gas is provided by the heating device as a heat source to supply heat for the pyrolysis reduction device, and the heated flue gas is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger, under the action of the heater, the pyrolysis reduction The device can provide a high temperature above 600 °C, so that waste plastics, waste coke and other pyrolysis generate reducing gas. During this process, the whole device is in an oxygen-free environment, which can promote the pyrolysis of waste plastics and waste coke to generate more reducing gas. gas, and at the same time ensure the safety of the entire device. In order to achieve this oxygen-free environment, a sealed connection is generally controlled between the ore preheating device and the pyrolysis reduction device, and a material seal or gas is preferably installed in the ore preheating device. The replacement device replaces the oxygen-containing gas in the ore preheating device with an inert gas. The methods and devices used are conventional technologies in the field, and the inventor will not repeat them here; under the above temperature environment, waste plastics, waste coke The gas produced by pyrolysis is mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the carbon element contained in the coke itself is a reducing substance, which makes the device completely in a reducing gas atmosphere;
之所以控制热解还原装置的温度至600℃以上，除了确保上述废塑料等固废的裂解之外，更重要的是，在600℃左右的温度下FeTiO
3-Fe
2O
3固溶体出溶，在钛铁矿中析出赤铁矿的片晶，并按(0001)定向排列，此时实现了Fe
2O
3的析出，而在600℃以上的温度下，在充满还原性气体的氛围内，Fe
2O
3可以还原为铁单质，这样就将更多的铁单质从钛铁矿中还原分离出来，提高了FeTiO
3的实际含量，便于后续对其进行处理获得金属钛，为了确保这一反应过程的连续性，一般控制单位体积的钛铁矿在热解还原装置内的停留时间为6h以上，而废塑料、废焦炭的投料量均为过量，也就是说这部分原料的用量远超钛铁矿，从而确保有足够的还原性物质产出；
The reason why the temperature of the pyrolysis reduction device is controlled to above 600°C is not only to ensure the cracking of the above-mentioned solid wastes such as waste plastics, but also more importantly, the FeTiO3 - Fe2O3 solid solution is dissolved at a temperature of about 600°C. Hematite platelets are precipitated in ilmenite and arranged in the (0001) orientation. At this time, the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 is realized, and at a temperature above 600 °C, in an atmosphere full of reducing gas, Fe 2 O 3 can be reduced to iron element, so that more iron element is separated from ilmenite, and the actual content of FeTiO 3 is increased, which is convenient for subsequent processing to obtain metal titanium. In order to ensure this reaction The continuity of the process is generally controlled that the residence time of ilmenite per unit volume in the pyrolysis reduction device is more than 6h, and the amount of waste plastic and waste coke is excessive, that is to say, the amount of this part of the raw material far exceeds that of titanium. iron ore, thereby ensuring that sufficient reducing substances are produced;
经过热解还原装置处理后的钛铁矿矿石还含有大量的余热，这部分余热的综合利用是本发明的另一重要目标，具体应用时发明人设计了多级冷却装置包括固体产物一级冷却器和固体产物二级冷却器，其中一级冷却器以环境空气作为换热介质，二级冷却器以冷却水作为换热介质，之所以这样设计，是为了利用环境空气流量大的特点，利用固体产物一级冷却器将处理后的钛铁矿矿石的余热尽可能的转移到环境空气中，使之成为热空气，这部分热空气若温度直接满足矿石预热装置的温度要求，可以通过管路直接送入矿石预热装置，若温度不足则可进入烟气换热器后，与加热器排出的热烟气进行二次换热，进一步吸收其中的热量获得温度更高的热空气，当热空气的温度达到矿石预热装置的温度要求时，可以将这部分热空气直接送入矿石预热装置中对钛铁矿进行预热；若换热后温度过高时，可以通过混风装置与环境空气或外排烟气进行混合，降低其温度以达到矿石预热装置的温度要求；同时经过烟气换热器换热后的热烟气可以进入回热风机，通过该风机处理部分作为气源送入供热装置中二次加热作为热解还原装置的热源，剩余部分降温后送入混风装置作为矿石预热装置的热源，特别是在设备初期运行阶段，后续的冷却器还无法产生足够的热空气时，可以利用上述装置将外排热烟气作为矿石预热装置的热源；The ilmenite ore processed by the pyrolysis reduction device also contains a large amount of waste heat. The comprehensive utilization of this part of the waste heat is another important goal of the present invention. In the specific application, the inventor designed a multi-stage cooling device including a primary cooling of solid products. The primary cooler uses ambient air as the heat exchange medium, and the secondary cooler uses cooling water as the heat exchange medium. The reason for this design is to take advantage of the large ambient air flow and use The solid product primary cooler transfers the waste heat of the treated ilmenite ore to the ambient air as much as possible to make it hot air. If the temperature of this part of the hot air directly meets the temperature requirements of the ore preheating device, it can be passed through the pipe. If the temperature is insufficient, it can enter the flue gas heat exchanger, conduct secondary heat exchange with the hot flue gas discharged from the heater, and further absorb the heat in it to obtain hot air with a higher temperature. When the temperature of the hot air reaches the temperature requirement of the ore preheating device, this part of the hot air can be directly sent to the ore preheating device to preheat the ilmenite; if the temperature after heat exchange is too high, it can be passed through the mixing device Mix with ambient air or external exhaust flue gas to reduce its temperature to meet the temperature requirements of the ore preheating device; at the same time, the hot flue gas after heat exchange by the flue gas heat exchanger can enter the regenerative fan, and the processing part of the fan acts as a The air source is sent to the heating device for secondary heating as the heat source of the pyrolysis reduction device, and the remaining part is cooled and sent to the air mixing device as the heat source of the ore preheating device. Especially in the initial operation stage of the equipment, the subsequent coolers cannot When enough hot air is generated, the above-mentioned device can be used to use the exhaust hot flue gas as the heat source of the ore preheating device;
经过固体产物一级冷却器冷却后，钛铁矿矿石依然含有大量的热能，为了进一步利用，发明人利用固体产物二级冷却器对其进行强制换热，将其温度降至40℃左右，升温后的冷却水可以作为其他工序或环境供热的热源，经过换热降温后继续作为冷却水使用；After being cooled by the solid product primary cooler, the ilmenite ore still contains a large amount of thermal energy. In order to further utilize it, the inventors used the solid product secondary cooler to force heat exchange to reduce its temperature to about 40°C, and the temperature increased. The resulting cooling water can be used as a heat source for other processes or ambient heating, and continues to be used as cooling water after heat exchange and cooling;
所述热解还原装置连接有气体净化系统，由于废塑料、废焦炭等热解除了产生还原性气体外，还会产生烯烃等气体组分，这些组分可以作为燃料气使用，但是为了降低对于环境的污染还需要对其中的气体组分进行处理，如通过碱洗和酸洗去除其中的有害杂质，获得更为纯净的燃料气，这部分燃料气可以直接送入供热装置作为燃料气燃烧。The pyrolysis reduction device is connected with a gas purification system. Since waste plastics, waste coke and other heat are deactivated to generate reducing gas, gas components such as olefins will also be generated. These components can be used as fuel gas, but in order to reduce the Environmental pollution also requires the treatment of the gas components, such as removing harmful impurities through alkali washing and acid washing to obtain purer fuel gas. This part of the fuel gas can be directly sent to the heating device for combustion as fuel gas .
实施例2Example 2
热解还原装置生成的气相产物还可以通过管路循环回到热解还原装置，进而二次的裂解，以求获得更多的气体产物，这部分产物中的还原性气体可以作为上述还原铁单质的还原性物质使用，而其他气体组分则可以继续上述进程，获得更高纯度的燃料气；The gas-phase product generated by the pyrolysis reduction device can also be recycled back to the pyrolysis reduction device through the pipeline, and then cracked twice to obtain more gas products. The reducing gas in this part of the product can be used as the above-mentioned reduced iron element. The reducing substances are used, and other gas components can continue the above process to obtain higher purity fuel gas;
除此之外，本实施例的其他结构与实施例1完全相同。Except for this, other structures of this embodiment are exactly the same as those of Embodiment 1.
Claims (5)
- 一种利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，其特征在于：包括顺次连接的矿石预热装置，热解还原装置和多级冷却装置；其中所述热解还原装置上外侧设置有加热器，加热器连接有供热装置和烟气换热器；热解还原装置进料口与矿石预热装置出料口连接，热解还原装置出料口与多级冷却装置连接。A device for processing ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis product is characterized in that: it comprises an ore preheating device, a pyrolysis reduction device and a multi-stage cooling device which are connected in sequence; wherein the pyrolysis reduction device is arranged on the outer side. There is a heater, and the heater is connected with a heating device and a flue gas heat exchanger; the feed port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with the discharge port of the ore preheating device, and the discharge port of the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with the multi-stage cooling device.
- 根据权利要求1所述的利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，其特征在于：所述的多级冷却装置包括固体产物一级冷却器和固体产物二级冷却器，其中一级冷却器以环境空气作为换热介质，二级冷却器以冷却水作为换热介质；其中一级冷却器换热后的热空气通过管路送入烟气换热器调温后送入矿石预热装置。The device for treating ilmenite ore with solid waste pyrolysis products according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage cooling device comprises a solid product primary cooler and a solid product secondary cooler, wherein the first stage The cooler uses ambient air as the heat exchange medium, and the secondary cooler uses cooling water as the heat exchange medium; the hot air after heat exchange in the primary cooler is sent to the flue gas heat exchanger through the pipeline for temperature adjustment, and then sent to the ore pre-heater. thermal device.
- 根据权利要求1所述的利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，其特征在于：烟气换热器还连接有回热风机，回热风机与供热装置之间也通过管路连接。The device for treating ilmenite ore with solid waste pyrolysis product according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas heat exchanger is also connected with a heat recovery fan, and a pipeline is also connected between the heat recovery fan and the heating device. connect.
- 根据权利要求1所述的利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，其特征在于：所述矿石预热装置连接有烟气除尘净化系统，烟气除尘净化系统与排气装置连接。The device for processing ilmenite ore by using solid waste pyrolysis product according to claim 1, wherein the ore preheating device is connected with a flue gas dedusting and purification system, and the flue gas dedusting and purification system is connected with an exhaust device.
- 根据权利要求1所述的利用固废热解产物处理钛铁矿矿石的装置，其特征在于：所述热解还原装置连接有气体净化系统。The device for treating ilmenite ore with solid waste pyrolysis products according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reduction device is connected with a gas purification system.
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| CN112941306A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 东北大学 | Selective roasting-magnetic separation device and method for micro-fine-particle ilmenite |
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| CN1283222A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-02-07 | 日本钢管株式会社 | Refining method of molten iron and reduction smelting method for producing molten iron |
| KR101121197B1 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2012-03-23 | 주식회사 포스코 | Apparatus for manufacturing molten irons directly using raw coals and fine ores by injecting fine carboneous materials into a melter-gasifier and the method using the same |
| CN103602772B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-12-10 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method for producing iron by directly reducing brown iron ore or hematite by means of waste plastic |
| CN108546794B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-11 | 北京科技大学 | Waste plastics is in a kind of solid waste of resource utilization city to promote the method for iron ore reduction |
| CN111117682A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-08 | 王凯军 | Chromium-containing solid waste and organic material collaborative pyrolysis harmless treatment device and method |
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- 2021-10-09 CN CN202111174074.3A patent/CN113981248B/en active Active
- 2021-10-11 WO PCT/CN2021/122980 patent/WO2022170774A1/en unknown
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| CN102021341A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-04-20 | 邹明 | New technology of heating and reducing mixture of garbage and iron ore or other metal oxides |
| WO2014000861A1 (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-03 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh | Method and apparatus for the improved pre-heating of coal by means of heat exchange with the cooling gas from a coke drying and cooling system |
| CN104152165A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-11-19 | 合肥乾海洁净煤技术有限公司 | Gas cycle coal full-particle diameter grading, pyrolyzing and coupling metallurgy reduction technology and system thereof |
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| CN110872531A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-03-10 | 青岛理工大学 | Step waste heat recovery device and method utilizing pyrolysis gasification of solid particle heat carrier |
| CN112941305A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 东北大学 | Device and method for recovering titanium from fine-particle ilmenite through fluidized reduction roasting-magnetic separation |
| CN112941306A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 东北大学 | Selective roasting-magnetic separation device and method for micro-fine-particle ilmenite |
Also Published As
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| CN113981248A (en) | 2022-01-28 |
| ZA202109510B (en) | 2022-08-31 |
| CN113981248B (en) | 2022-09-13 |
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