MX2007001249A - Method and apparatus for producing clean reducing gases from coke oven gas. - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing clean reducing gases from coke oven gas.

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Publication number
MX2007001249A
MX2007001249A MX2007001249A MX2007001249A MX2007001249A MX 2007001249 A MX2007001249 A MX 2007001249A MX 2007001249 A MX2007001249 A MX 2007001249A MX 2007001249 A MX2007001249 A MX 2007001249A MX 2007001249 A MX2007001249 A MX 2007001249A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
gas
coke
reducing gas
produce
hot
Prior art date
Application number
MX2007001249A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Martinez Eugenio Zendejas
Original Assignee
Hylsa Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hylsa Sa filed Critical Hylsa Sa
Publication of MX2007001249A publication Critical patent/MX2007001249A/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60Processes
    • C10J3/64Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248Physical processing only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/025Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
    • C01B2203/0255Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0485Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06Integration with other chemical processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0888Methods of cooling by evaporation of a fluid
    • C01B2203/0894Generation of steam
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/84Energy production
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0043Impurity removed
    • C01B2210/0046Nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/28Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation
    • C21B2100/282Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by separation of carbon dioxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/40Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes
    • C21B2100/42Sulphur removal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/62Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/66Heat exchange
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/122Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen

Abstract

A process and system for producing reducing gases are disclosed, wherein volatilecomponents derived from coal are transformed into reducing gases suitable forutilization as synthesis gas, as a reducing agent for the direct reduction ofiron ores and/or as a clean fuel.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CLEANING GASES FROM CLEANING GAS OF COQUERIA Field of the invention The invention relates to a process and system for producing reducing gases composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from coke manufacturing operations, in which the coal is transformed into metallurgical coke and, more specifically, in a process in which the volatile components derived from coal are converted into reducing gases suitable for chemical use as synthesis gas, as a reducing agent to direct the reduction of iron ores and / or as a clean fuel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is known that in the process of producing metallurgical coke, the coal is heated in order to eliminate most of the volatile components and preserving, for the most part, the carbon structure. With this, coke is provided with the physical and chemical properties that make it appropriate to provide power and load support in blast furnaces. The volatile matter of coal comprises a number of compounds that are distilled in the coke homones and constitute what is known as coke gas. The volume and composition of coke gas depends on the characteristics of the coal that is used, but traditionally untreated coke gas is made up of about 44% water, about 29% hydrogen, about 3% monoxide. carbon, about 13% methane, and many impurities such as ammonia, sulfur, benzene-type compounds, etc.
Because the coke gas has a high calorific value, it is mostly used for heating purposes in steel plants. Traditionally, coke gas is cooled, cleaned and treated in various chemical processes to separate valuable compounds, such as ammonia and other petrochemicals, and to remove sulfur before the gas is finally burned. The cleaning of coke gas requires a complex and expensive chemical plant.
There are proposals in patents and other technical literature to use coke gas after cleaning it, alone or combined with other gases, for iron reduction purposes or for the generation of steam and electricity.
Patent No. 4,178,266 of the United States describes a process for transferring hot raw coke gas generated in the coke ovens to a position of use, while preventing the condensation of higher hydrocarbons. This patent teaches to increase the temperature of the coke gas by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the coke gas stream, so that it has a partial combustion. Such oxygen injection can increase the temperature of the mixture approximately from 950 ° C to 1500 ° C. The purpose of the oxygen injection is to avoid condensation of impurities and higher hydrocarbons, thus avoiding many problems in gas transport systems. This patent does not teach or suggest that partial combustion of the coke gas is carried out to produce high quality reducing gas.
British Patent Specification No. 1, 566,970 describes a process for the treatment of coke gas. This patent recognizes the value of carrying out a partial combustion of the coke gas, to produce a reducing gas, useful for the direct reduction of iron ores. Partial combustion transforms the coke gas into cracking gas rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen. However, the partial combustion process of this patent has many disadvantages and does not teach or suggest a process and apparatus that integrates energy in an improved manner.
U.S. Patent No. 4,235,624 discloses a method for processing coke gas almost identical to the method of the aforementioned British Patent 1, 566, 970. This patent does not teach or suggest the integration of thermal energy in the treatment and cleaning of coke gas comprising a partial combustion step as the present invention.
U.S. Patent No. 4,235,624 discloses a method for processing coke gas almost identical to the method of the aforementioned British Patent 1, 566, 970. Although this patent generally teaches that the coke gas can be used as a reducing gas in a vertical furnace for the reduction of iron ores, details are not given on the preferred way of using the integration of the thermal energy containing the coke gas. In fact, the claims of this patent specify that the invention is based on the use of hot coke gas, which means that the coke gas is fed into the reactor without cooling it before it is introduced into the vertical reactor. This process scheme has many disadvantages, since all the equipment involved in handling and driving the coke gas from the coke ovens to the vertical reactor must be prepared to carry out a high temperature operation.
In contrast, the present invention offers a method and apparatus with a practical and economical way of using the coke gas upon cooling immediately after cracking the partial combustion, and also using the heat produced in said partial combustion, at least for two. specific purposes that are essential for the operation of the reduction reactor; for example, for the CO2 removal unit of the recycle reducing gas to the vertical reactor, and also for the sulfur removal unit, necessary to clean the coke oven before use.
Object of the invention Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process and system for treating coke gas, in order to produce a reducing gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, above all, it is useful for the direct reduction of the minerals of coke. iron.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process and system for treating coke gas and producing a synthesis gas, useful as a raw material in chemical processes, or to produce heat, steam, electricity or energy, avoiding complex processes and expensive that are normally used in coke plants.
Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in this specification, or will be apparent to the specialists.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic process diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 illustrates an example of the process, which shows, in a schematic process diagram similar to Figure 1, values of the process parameters.
Figure 3 is a table that complements the information of the process streams shown in Figure 2.
Figure 4 also illustrates another example of the process showing, in a schematic process diagram of a direct reduction plant, the values of the process parameters operating according to the method of cleaning the coke gas of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, with the understanding that the specialists can make many changes and modifications, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
With reference to Figure 1, the number 10 designates a battery of coke ovens in which coal 12 is charged and heated there by combustion of the gases 14 and air 16. The coke 18 is discharged from the ovens 10 of the manner known in the art, and hot raw coke gas 20 is traditionally produced at a temperature of about 600 ° C to 700 ° C.
Then, the hot raw coke gas 20 is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas 22, which can be produced in an air separation plant 24 of the air 26. The separation plant 24 can be cryogenic or PSA, since the purity of oxygen is not essential for this application. The process can also operate with air enriched with oxygen, although the quality of the resulting reducing gas is affected by the amount of nitrogen in said air supply.
The hot crude coke gas 20 at a temperature of about 650 ° C is subject to partial combustion and the oxygen 22 in the combustion chamber 28 reaches temperatures above about 1000 ° C. At this temperature, all organic compounds are converted to high temperature reducing gas 30, composed mainly of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and water.
The reducing gas 30 passes through a heat exchanger 32, in which it heats the steam 34 of the steam drum 36 and the super heated steam 38 is used in the turbine 40 to produce electricity in the electric generator 42. The electricity it is fed through line 44, and is used in an air separation plant 24, to produce oxygen for partial combustion of the coke gas.
A first portion 50 of the spent steam 46 of the turbine 40 is used in the sulfur separation unit 48, and a second portion 52 is used in the CO2 separation unit 54 of a direct reduction plant.
After having passed through the heat exchanger 32, the reducing gas is fed to a heater 56 in which the steam 58 is produced from the water 60 and is maintained in the steam drum 36. From the boiler 56, the Reducing gas 62 is finally quenched by direct contact with the water in the cooler 64. The condensed water is removed through the pipe 66. Then, the cold reducing gas 68 is fed to the fan 70 and then conducted through the pipe 72 to treated in the sulfur removal unit 48, in a manner known in the art, producing solid sulfur 74 and a clean reducing gas stream 76.
A portion of the reducing gas 76 is used to heat the coke ovens through the pipe 14 and another portion 78 is compressed in the compressor 80, to be injected into the gas reduction circuit of a direct reduction reactor 82. The particles carrying Oxides of iron 84, for example, granules of iron ore, lumps or a mixture of both, are fed to the reduction reactor 82 and descend by gravity through said reactor, where they are brought into contact with high-pressure reducing gases. temperature 86, for example, over 900 ° C, whereby the iron oxides are reduced to metallic iron, known as DRl (reduced iron directly) or iron sponge 88, and are discharged from the lower part of the reduction reactor 82, to be used in steelmaking operations.
The reacted reducing gas 90 is removed from the reactor 82 and cooled in the cooler 92, where the water is removed from the gas, by condensation, a portion of the cooled gas 94 is recycled in the reduction reactor and another portion 96 can be sold from the reduction circuit, and is used as an example in the gas heater 98. The portion of the recycle reducing gas 94 is compressed in the compressor 100 and fed into a carbon dioxide removal unit 54, in which the CO 2 eliminates from the system, whereby the reduction potential of the recirculated gas is regenerated, through the elimination of water 102 and CO2 104, which are the main products of the reduction reactions that were carried out in the reactor 82.
Example The calculation was carried out with a computer model of a plant incorporating the invention, and the results are illustrated in figures 2, 3 and 4. This example clearly shows the advantages of the invention relative to its application, to obtain a reducing gas to produce directly reduced iron, of good quality.

Claims (7)

1. Method for treating hot raw coke gas from a coke oven, to produce a clean reducing gas, comprising carry out the partial combustion of the hot raw coke gas at a temperature above about 1000 ° C, mixing the hot raw coke gas with an oxygen-containing gas, to produce a hot reducing gas having a high hydrogen content and carbon monoxide; produce high temperature steam, passing the hot reducing gas through a heat exchanger; use a first portion of steam to produce electricity, and use a second portion of the steam in a sulfur removal unit, to remove the sulfur compounds and other impurities from the reducing gas, in order to produce the clean reducing gas.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the use of at least a portion of the clean reducing gas in a direct reduction plant comprising a direct reduction reactor, a CO2 removal unit and a gas heater.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the use of a third portion of said vapor in the CO2 elimination unit of the direct reduction plant.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the direct reduction plant is used to directly reduce the iron ore.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein a portion of the clean reducing gas is used to heat the coke oven.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein another portion of the clean reducing gas is injected into the direct reduction reactor.
7. A method for reducing iron oxides in a vertical reduction reactor, using coke gas, comprising the mixture of hot raw coke gas with an oxygen-containing gas, in order to carry out a partial combustion of said gas. coke to produce a hot reducing gas having a high content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature above about 1000 ° C; passing said hot reducing gas through a heat exchanger, in order to produce high temperature steam; using a first portion of said vapor in a sulfur removal unit, to remove the sulfur and other impurities components of said reducing gas, and by using a second portion of said vapor in a CO2 removal unit, in which the gas Depleted reducer is treated to remove the carbon dioxide before it is recycled in said vertical reduction reactor.
MX2007001249A 2004-08-03 2005-08-02 Method and apparatus for producing clean reducing gases from coke oven gas. MX2007001249A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59819704P 2004-08-03 2004-08-03
PCT/IB2005/002297 WO2006013455A1 (en) 2004-08-03 2005-08-02 Method and apparatus for producing clean reducing gases from coke oven gas

Publications (1)

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MX2007001249A true MX2007001249A (en) 2007-03-23

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Country Status (5)

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US (1) US20060027043A1 (en)
CN (1) CN101023023B (en)
DE (1) DE112005001881T5 (en)
MX (1) MX2007001249A (en)
WO (1) WO2006013455A1 (en)

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