WO2022170701A1 - 一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置及工艺 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2022170701A1
WO2022170701A1 PCT/CN2021/097642 CN2021097642W WO2022170701A1 WO 2022170701 A1 WO2022170701 A1 WO 2022170701A1 CN 2021097642 W CN2021097642 W CN 2021097642W WO 2022170701 A1 WO2022170701 A1 WO 2022170701A1
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forming
die
fuel cell
metal
current
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PCT/CN2021/097642
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English (en)
French (fr)
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徐竹田
李传政
彭林法
来新民
姜天豪
蓝树槐
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上海交通大学
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Publication of WO2022170701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022170701A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of manufacturing key components of a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell, in particular to an electric auxiliary forming device and a process for a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell.
  • PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • Bipolar plate is one of the key components of PEMFC. It plays a variety of roles in fuel cells, such as current collection and conduction, hydrothermal management, separation of oxidant and reducing agent, etc. It must meet the comprehensive requirements of corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, easy processing, and long service life. performance requirements.
  • Currently used bipolar plates mainly include metal bipolar plates, graphite-based bipolar plates, and the like. Among them, the ultra-thin metal bipolar plate has a series of advantages such as light weight, good electrical conductivity, suitable for mass production, low cost, etc., and has broad development prospects.
  • electro-assisted forming as an emerging auxiliary forming process, has attracted increasing attention in recent years.
  • This process changes the mechanical properties of the material in a short period of time by applying an electric current to the metal material being processed.
  • Existing research has found that this process can significantly reduce the flow stress of the material during the forming process, suppress the rebound of the material after forming, and improve the formability of the material, thereby improving the forming quality of the material.
  • the electric-assisted process has been applied in various forming processes such as deep drawing, bending, rolling, and embossing.
  • the Chinese patent publication number is: CN110534765A, and the name is: a method for forming a high-precision metal bipolar plate required for a fuel cell.
  • the technology includes: selecting the raw materials of the bipolar plate; Die 1 for stamping and forming 2 for bipolar plate stamping; pre-stamping; full stamping; stamping and cutting; welding to obtain the bipolar plate.
  • this technology does not take into account the large springback and serious warpage of bipolar plates in multi-step forming, and requires multiple sets of molds, resulting in high production costs.
  • Electromagnetic forming device and method for micro-channel metal plate of micro fuel cell the device includes an upper template, a coil, a driving piece, a mold, a lower template and a fastening
  • the method is to discharge the coil to excite a strong pulsed magnetic field, and the transient strong pulsed magnetic field generates an induced eddy current on the surface of the driving sheet, thereby generating a magnetic field opposite to the magnetic field of the coil; under the repulsive force between the magnetic fields, the driving sheet drives the The slab is moved to the mold.
  • this technology does not take into account the complexity of the adjustment of the electromagnetic forming device, requires high equipment, and is difficult to control the forming process.
  • the Chinese patent publication number is: CN105161731A
  • the name is: a superplastic forming device and process for a metal plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • the technology includes: plate, guide sleeve, spring, guide post, It is composed of pressing rod, environmental box, upper template, lower template, base, connecting plate, blanking plate, metal plate and support rod.
  • the process implemented by the device (1) open the environmental box; (2) fix the metal sheet of the workpiece on the lower template; (3) close the environmental box, determine the superplastic forming grade according to the processed sheet and input it into the control system; (4) ) According to the superplastic strain rate of the processed sheet and the shape of the runner, set the stroke and movement rate of the upper die plate; (5) Start the circuit system and the environment box, start the pressure forming machine to move down, and complete the stamping; (6) Start the pressure The template on the machine is reversed to return to the initial position; (7) the environmental box is opened, and the formed parts are cooled and taken out.
  • this technology does not take into account the low production efficiency and high cost of superplastic forming.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric auxiliary forming device and process for fuel cell metal electrode plates with high production efficiency, wide application range and simple and easy adjustment.
  • an electric auxiliary forming device for a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell including a power source, a forming die, a metal sheet to be formed, a sensor, and the like.
  • the metal sheet to be formed is connected to the power source, and the metal sheet is softened by the electroplasticity and thermal effect generated by the current, and is formed under the action of the forming die.
  • the power supply can output DC and AC with arbitrary waveforms, the current amplitude is 0-1000A, the duty cycle is 0.01-100%, the frequency is 1Hz-10kHz, the action time is 0-300s, and the metal double The current required for the precise shaping of the plates.
  • the method of connecting the metal sheet to be formed to the power supply includes: 1) the metal sheet is fixed on the guide plate, and then placed in the forming die, and the guide plate is connected to the power supply through the wire, so that the current output by the wire acts evenly on the guide plate. Metal sheet and prevent surface oxidation caused by local overheating. Further, one end of the guide plate is connected to the wire, and the other end is an open end, the width of which increases uniformly from the wire end to the open end, and the width of the open end is greater than or equal to the width of the metal sheet. The metal sheet is inserted into the guide plate from the open end, and the guide plate and the metal sheet are fixed by the fastening structure.
  • the current transmitted by the wire passes through the guide plate to realize the uniform distribution of the current on the metal sheet, and evenly transfers to the metal sheet through the open end to ensure the uniform current density across the metal sheet, thereby preventing surface oxidation caused by local overheating.
  • the power supply can also be directly connected to the forming die through the wire. During the forming process, the forming die is in contact with the metal sheet, and the current transmitted by the wire is evenly transferred to the metal sheet.
  • the wire is provided with a current sensor to monitor the waveform information of the output current in real time during the electric-assisted forming process.
  • the forming die includes an upper die and a lower die, and is positioned by a guide post and guide sleeve.
  • the upper die and the lower die cooperate with the current application process to apply force to the metal sheet to be formed to realize the plastic forming of the metal plate. The process occurs before the upper and lower molds are closed, during the clamping process, after the mold is closed, or any combination of the three or the whole process.
  • the upper mold and the lower mold are composed of a mold base, a mold base and a mold core, wherein the mold core is any one of forming molds such as rigid stamping molds, soft rubber molds, and the like.
  • contact or non-contact temperature sensors are arranged inside the forming mold to collect temperature data in different regions.
  • the present invention also provides a process for adopting the electric auxiliary forming device for the metal electrode plate of the fuel cell, comprising the following steps:
  • the metal plate is plastically formed by applying force to the metal sheet through the upper and lower molds.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention introduces the current into the forming process of the metal bipolar plate, utilizes Joule heat and electroplastic effect to improve the formability of the metal sheet, reduces the required forming force, suppresses punching springback and residual stress, and improves the forming height of the whole plate, Accuracy, consistency and flatness;
  • the present invention improves the forming accuracy of the metal bipolar plate on the premise of ensuring the surface quality by combining the current sensor, the temperature sensor, the deflector and other devices;
  • the present invention adopts the guide plate to conduct current to the metal sheet, so that the current output by the wire is evenly transferred to the metal sheet, and avoids forming defects such as surface oxidation and adhesion caused by local overheating.
  • the present invention has high production efficiency, wide application range, simple and easy adjustment, and can be combined with various basic forming processes to meet the precise forming requirements of fuel cell metal plates of different materials and thicknesses.
  • the present invention reduces the required forming force, suppresses the forming springback, reduces the residual stress, and improves the formability of the material by controlling the current size, frequency, action time and other parameters, and using the current Joule heat and electroplastic effect to solve the problem.
  • the large-scale micro-channel structure of metal bipolar plates is easy to crack, the forming accuracy is low, the consistency is poor, and the whole plate is warped, which improves the manufacturing quality of fuel cell metal plates.
  • the device is simple in structure, can be combined with a variety of basic forming processes, has strong expansibility, and is easy to adjust the process parameters. Precision forming.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the overall front view of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the top view of forming mould, power source, wire etc. under the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the deflector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mold core, a wire, a power supply, etc., according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • an electric auxiliary forming device for a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell includes a power source 1 , a forming die, a wire 3 , a guide plate 15 , a metal sheet 9 , a current sensor 13 , a temperature sensor 14, etc.;
  • the forming mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold.
  • the upper mold includes an upper mold base 10, an upper mold base 11, and an upper mold core 12.
  • the upper mold core 12 is installed on the upper mold base 11, and the upper mold base 11 is installed on the upper mold base 10.
  • the upper mold frame 10 is connected to the press;
  • the lower mold includes a lower mold frame 6 , a lower mold base 7 and a lower mold core 8 installed in sequence above it, and the upper mold core 12 is located directly above the lower mold core 8 .
  • a guide post 4 is fixed on the lower die frame 6, a spring 5 is sleeved on the guide post 4, the top of the guide post 4 is inserted into the guide sleeve 2 on the upper die frame 10, and the upper die moves up and down along the guide post under the drive of the press. .
  • One end of the deflector 15 is an open end, and its width is greater than or equal to the width of the metal sheet 9.
  • the metal sheet 9 is inserted into the deflector 15 from the open end, and the deflector 15 is fixedly connected to the metal sheet 9 through bolts 16 and nuts 17. , and then placed between the upper mold core 12 and the lower mold core 8 .
  • the power supply 1 is connected to the guide plate 15 through the wire 3, so that the current output by the wire acts on the metal sheet evenly, and prevents the surface oxidation caused by local overheating.
  • a current sensor 13 is arranged on the wire 3 to monitor the waveform information of the output current in the process of electric auxiliary forming in real time.
  • Contact or non-contact temperature sensors 14 are arranged inside the core of the forming mold to collect temperature data in different areas and monitor the temperature of different areas in the process of electric-assisted forming in real time.
  • the process method of using the above-mentioned device to process the metal electrode plate of the fuel cell is as follows:
  • the metal sheet 9 is firstly fastened on the deflector 15 by bolts 16 and nuts 17;
  • the flow plate 15 is passed to the metal sheet 9 placed on the forming die, and then the forming process is performed; for the forming die, the lower die core 8 is connected to the lower die 6 through the lower die base 7, and the upper die core 12 is connected to the upper die through the upper die base 11.
  • the mold base 10 is connected, and under the action of the press, the upper and lower molds quickly complete the mold clamping; the guide post 4 cooperates with the guide sleeve 2, and the spring 5 provides support; at the same time, the current waveform is measured in real time by the current sensor 13, and the The temperature sensor 14 inside the core 8 monitors the temperature of the metal sheet 9 in real time; after forming, the power supply 1 is turned off, the upper and lower molds are separated, the formed metal sheet is taken out, and the processing process of the surface microstructure of the metal sheet is completed.
  • the effective current density (current density ⁇ duty cycle 0.5 ) must be greater than 30A/mm 2 .
  • the pulse current amplitude is set to 800A
  • the current duty cycle is 50%
  • the current The frequency is 50Hz
  • the action time is 1s.
  • the temperature of the metal sheet during the process is greater than 300°C
  • the formed metal double The surface profile of the plate microchannel is measured by a confocal laser microscope, and the height deviation between different grooves is less than 10 ⁇ m, which can achieve better groove height consistency.
  • an electric-assisted forming device for a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell according to the present invention is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the electric-assisted process can also shape the formed metal sheet after the forming is completed;
  • the metal sheet 9 is firstly fastened to the deflector 15 through the bolt 16 and the nut 17; then, under the action of the press, the upper and lower molds are quickly closed to complete the forming process; Set the required current density, frequency, duty cycle and action time, the generated current passes through the wire 3, and is transmitted to the metal sheet 9 placed on the forming die through the deflector 15 and acts for a given time; then the power supply 1 automatically Close, separate the upper and lower molds, take out the formed metal sheet, and complete the processing process of the microstructure on the surface of the metal sheet.
  • an electric-assisted forming device for a metal electrode plate of a fuel cell can also perform soft stamping forming of a metal bipolar plate, which is similar to the specific embodiment 1, and the difference is that the The mold core 12 is changed to a high temperature resistant rubber soft mold;
  • the metal sheet 9 is firstly fastened on the deflector 15 through the bolt 16 and the nut 17;
  • the plate 15 is passed to the metal sheet 9 placed on the forming die, and then the forming process is carried out; for the forming die, the rigid lower die core 8 is connected to the lower die 6 through the lower die base 7, and the rubber soft core upper die core 12 passes through the upper die
  • the seat 11 is connected with the upper die frame 10.
  • the rigid lower die core 8 and the rubber soft die core upper die core 12 complete the mold clamping; the guide post 4 cooperates with the guide sleeve 2, and the spring 5 provides support; , the current waveform is measured in real time by the current sensor 13, and the temperature of the metal sheet 9 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 14 fixed inside the lower die core 8; The processing process of the microstructure on the surface of the thin plate.
  • the present invention relates to an electric auxiliary forming device for a metal plate of a fuel cell, and the wires can also be connected to the upper and lower molds respectively, and the current from the power source acts on the metal sheet through the wires and the upper and lower molds in sequence, and the specific
  • the first embodiment is similar, the difference is that the guide plate 15, the bolt 16, and the nut 17 are removed, and the wire 3 is directly connected to the upper mold core 12 and the lower mold core 8, respectively;
  • the power supply 1 sets the required current density, frequency and duty cycle, and the generated current passes through the wire 3 and is transmitted to the metal sheet 9 through the upper die core 12 and the lower die core 8 respectively, and then the forming process is performed;
  • the lower mold core 8 is connected to the lower mold 6 through the lower mold base 7, and the upper mold core 12 is connected to the upper mold base 10 through the upper mold base 11. Under the action of the press, the upper and lower molds quickly complete the mold clamping; 4.
  • the current waveform is measured in real time by the current sensor 13, and the temperature of the metal sheet 9 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 14 fixed inside the lower die core 8; after the forming is completed, turn off the power supply 1.
  • the upper and lower molds are separated, and the formed metal sheet is taken out to complete the processing of the microstructure on the surface of the metal sheet.

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Abstract

一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，包括电源（1）、成形模具、待成形金属薄板（9），通过将金属薄板安装在成形模具内并连接电源，利用电流产生的焦耳热和电致塑性效应提升金属塑性流动、降低流动应力，进而在模具作用下实现极板精密成形。一种采用燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置的工艺，通过控制电流的大小、频率、作用时间，可有效降低金属薄板成形残余应力、抑制不均回弹，解决金属极板大规模微流道结构成形易开裂、精度低、一致性差、整板翘曲等问题，提高燃料电池金属极板制造质量。装置构成简单，可扩展性强，工艺参数易于调节，具有效率高、成本低、提升成形极限高度和精度的优点，适合于燃料电池金属极板的大批量高精度成形制造。

Description

一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置及工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池金属极板关键部件制造领域，具体涉及一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置及工艺。
背景技术
近年来，氢气作为一种新能源，以其可再生、近乎零排放等优势被公认为替代化石燃料最有前途的能源之一。质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)作为一种氢能转换装置，因其低噪音、低工作温度、高功率密度等优点而具有广阔的发展前景，目前已成功用于便携式发电设备、汽车、无人机等领域。
双极板是PEMFC的关键部件之一，在燃料电池中起到集流导电、水热管理、分隔氧化剂与还原剂等多种作用，必须满足耐蚀、导电、易加工、长使用寿命等综合性能需求。目前使用的双极板主要包括金属双极板、石墨基双极板等。其中，超薄金属双极板具有重量轻、导电性能好、适于大批量制造、成本低等一系列优点，具有广阔的发展前景。
超薄金属极板的精密成形是制约金属双极板发展的重要环节之一。目前，采用冲压技术生产金属极板面临诸多问题：第一，双极板表面微流道特征复杂，塑性变形剧烈、不同区域残余应力差异大，采用冲压生产时不均回弹问题严重，导致微特征成形一致性差，增加了其生产的废品率和生产成本；第二，受限于金属材料的流动性能，金属极板往往成形性不足，极限成形高度有限，制约了燃料电池功率密度的进一步提升；第三，金属双极板的尺寸日益增大，其所需成形力也越来越大，对压机的要求越来越高，导致加工节拍长、成本高。由于这些问题的存在，有必要开发一种高效、简单、低成本生产燃料电池高精度金属双极板的制造方法。
另一方面，电辅助成形作为一种新兴的辅助成形工艺，近年来吸引了日益广泛的关注。该工艺通过将电流作用于被加工金属材料，在短时间内改变材料的力学特性。现有研究发现，该工艺可显著地降低材料在成形过程中的流动应力、抑制成形后材料的回弹、提升材料的成形性，从而提升材料的成形质量。 基于此，电辅助工艺已在拉深、弯曲、辊压、压印等多种成形工艺中得到应用。
将电辅助技术应用于金属双极板的成形过程中，可同时抑制成形后的回弹、提升材料的成形性、降低所需的成形力，从而提高金属双极板的成形精度和成品率，降低整体制造成本。但该方面尚未见相关专利。
经检索发现，中国专利公开号为：CN110534765A，名称为：一种燃料电池所需的高精度金属双极板的成型方法，该技术包括：选择双极板原材料；设计、制造用于双极板冲压成型的模具1和用于双极板冲压成型的模具2；预冲压成型；完全冲压成型；冲压剪裁；焊接，得到所述双极板。但是，该技术未考虑到双极板多工步成形回弹较大、翘曲严重，且需要多套模具，生产成本较高。
又经检索发现，中国专利公开号为：CN102013494A，名称为：微型燃料电池金属极板微沟道的电磁成形装置及方法，该装置包括上模板、线圈、驱动片、模具、下模板和紧固螺栓，方法为向线圈放电激发出强脉冲磁场，瞬变的强脉冲磁场在驱动片表面产生感应涡流进而产生与线圈的磁场方向相反的磁场；在磁场间相斥的作用力下，驱动片带动板坯向模具做贴模运动。但是，该技术未考虑到电磁成形装置调节的复杂性，对设备要求较高，且成形过程难以控制。
再经文献检索发现，中国专利公开号为：CN105161731A，名称为：一种质子交换膜燃料电池金属极板的超塑性成形装置及工艺，该技术包括：板、导套、弹簧、导柱、施压杆、环境箱、上模板、下模板、基座、连接板、压边板、金属板和支撑杆构成。用该装置实施的工艺：(1)开启环境箱；(2)将加工件的金属薄板固定在下模板；(3)关闭环境箱，根据加工板材确定超塑性成形品度并输入控制系统；(4)根据加工板材的超塑性应变速率和流道形状，设定上模板的行程和运动速率；(5)启动电路系统、环境箱，启动压力成形机向下运动，完成冲压；(6)启动压力机上模板反向回到初始位置；(7)打开环境箱，成形件冷却取出。但是，该技术未考虑到超塑性成形的生产效率较低，所需成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生产效率高、适用范围广、简单易调节的燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置及工艺。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，包括电源、成形模具、待成形金属薄板及传感器等。待成形金属薄板连接电源，利用电流产生的电致塑性、热效应软化金属薄板，在成形模具的作用下成形。
进一步地，所述的电源可输出任意波形的直流电和交流电，其电流幅值为0-1000A、占空比为0.01-100％、频率为1Hz-10kHz，作用时间为0-300s，提供金属双极板精确成形所需的电流。
进一步地，所述的待成形金属薄板连接电源方式，包括：1)金属薄板固定在导流板上，然后置于成形模具内，导流板通过导线连接电源，使导线输出的电流均匀作用在金属薄板上，并防止局部过热造成的表面氧化。进一步地，所述的导流板一端连接导线，另一端为开口端，其宽度从导线端向开口端均匀增大，且开口端宽度大于或等于金属薄板宽度。金属薄板从开口端插入导流板内，并通过紧固结构将导流板与金属薄板固定。导线传输来的电流通过导流板实现电流在其金属薄板上的均匀分布，经过开口端均匀过渡至金属薄板，保证金属薄板上各处通过的电流密度均匀，从而防止局部过热造成的表面氧化。2)还可以将电源通过导线直接连接成形模具，成形过程中通过成形模具与金属薄板接触，将导线传输来的电流均匀过渡至金属薄板。
进一步地，所述的导线上设有电流传感器，实时监控电辅助成形过程中输出电流的波形信息。
进一步地，所述的成形模具包括上模和下模，采用导柱导套定位，上、下模配合电流施加过程，对待成形金属薄板施加作用力实现金属极板塑性成形，所述的电流施加过程发生在上、下模合模之前、合模过程中、合模之后，或者三者任意两两组合或整个过程中。
进一步地，所述的上模和下模均由模架、模座和模芯组成，其中模芯为刚性冲压模具、橡胶软模等成形模具中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述的成形模具内部布置接触式或非接触式温度传感器，以采集不同区域的温度数据。
本发明还提供一种采用所述的燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置的工艺，包括以下步骤：
(1)将金属薄板置于上、下模之间并通过导流板或成形模具连接电源；
(2)在成形模具模压之前、过程中、之后、三者任意两两组合或整个过程中，调节电源的电流密度、频率、占空比和作用时间，对金属薄板施加电流作用，利用电流产生的焦耳热和电致塑性效应提高材料延展性、降低材料流动应力、残余应力和不均回弹，降低极板成形力，提高成形深度、加工精度和一致性；
(3)配合电流施加过程，通过上、下模对金属薄板施加作用力实现金属极板塑性成形。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.本发明将电流引入金属双极板的成形过程，利用焦耳热和电致塑性效应提升金属薄板的成形性、降低所需成形力、抑制冲压回弹和残余应力，提升整板成形高度、精度、一致性和平整度；
2.本发明结合电流传感器、温度传感器、导流板等装置，在保证表面质量的前提下提高金属双极板的成形精度；
3.本发明采用导流板向金属薄板传导电流，使导线输出的电流均匀过渡至金属薄板，避免局部过热引起表面氧化、粘连等成形缺陷。
4.本发明生产效率高、适用范围广、简单易调节，可与多种基本成形工艺相结合，满足不同材料、不同厚度燃料电池金属极板的精密成形需求。
5.本发明通过控制电流的大小、频率、作用时间等参数，利用电流焦耳热和电致塑性效应，减小所需成形力，抑制成形回弹、降低残余应力、提升材料可成形性，解决金属双极板大规模微流道结构易开裂、成形精度低、一致性差、整板翘曲等难题，提高燃料电池金属极板制造质量。该装置构成简单，可与多种基本成形工艺相结合，可扩展性强，且工艺参数易于调节，具有生产效率高、成本低、成形精度高等优点，适合于燃料电池金属极板的大批量高精度成形。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体示意图；
图2为本发明整体主视图；
图3为本发明下成形模具、电源、导线等俯视图；
图4为本发明导流板示意图；
图5为本发明实施例4模芯、导线、电源等示意图；
图中：1-电源；2-导套；3-导线；4-导柱；5-弹簧；6-下模架；7-下模座；8-下模芯；9-金属薄板；10-上模架；11-上模座；12-上模芯；13-电流传感器；14-温度传感器；15-导流板；16-螺栓；17-螺母。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
参照图1至图4所示，本发明涉及的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，包括电源1、成形模具、导线3、导流板15、金属薄板9、电流传感器13、温度传感器14等；
成形模具包括上模和下模，上模包括上模架10、上模座11、上模芯12，上模芯12安装在上模座11上，上模座11安装在上模架10上。上模架10连接压机；下模包括下模架6，及其上方依次安装的下模座7和下模芯8，所述的上模芯12位于下模芯8正上方。下模架6上固定有导柱4，导柱4上套有弹簧5，导柱4顶部插入上模架10上的导套2内，上模在压机的驱动下，沿导柱上下移动。
导流板15一端为开口端，其宽度大于或等于金属薄板9宽度，金属薄板9从开口端插入导流板15内，并通过螺栓16和螺母17将导流板15与金属薄板9固定连接，然后置于上模芯12位于下模芯8之间。
电源1通过导线3连接导流板15，使导线输出的电流均匀作用在金属薄板上，并防止局部过热造成的表面氧化。导线3上设有电流传感器13，实时监控电辅助成形过程中输出电流的波形信息。
成形模具的模芯内部布置接触式或非接触式温度传感器14，以采集不同区域的温度数据，实时监测电辅助成形过程中不同区域的温度。
采用上述装置进行燃料电池金属极板加工工艺方法如下：
金属薄板9成形之前，首先将金属薄板9通过螺栓16和螺母17紧固于导流板15上；电源1设置所需的电流密度、频率和占空比，产生的电流通过导线3，经导流板15传递给放置于成形模具上的金属薄板9，随后进行成形过程；对于成形模具，下模芯8通过下模座7与下模6相连，上模芯12通过上模座11与上模架10相连，在压机的作用下，上下模具快速完成合模；导柱4与导套2配合，弹簧5提供支持力；同时，通过电流传感器13实时测量电流波形，通过固定于下模芯8内部的温度传感器14实时监控金属薄板9的温度；成形结束后，关闭电源1，上下模具分离，取出成形的金属薄板，完成金属薄板表面微细结构的加工过程。
对于电源输出电流参数的设置，选择高频方波脉冲电源时，需满足有效电流密度(电流密度×占空比 0.5)大于30A/mm 2。对于宽100mm、厚0.1mm的金属薄板，当成形沟槽宽度1.2mm、高度为0.35mm的金属双极板微流道时，设置脉冲电流幅值为800A，电流占空比为50％，电流频率为50Hz，作用时间1s。此时，电流密度为800/(100×0.1)＝80A/mm 2，有效电流密度为80×50％ 0.5＝56.57A/mm 2，过程中金属薄板的温度大于300℃，成形得到的金属双极板微流道通过激光共聚焦显微镜测量表面轮廓，不同沟槽之间的高度偏差小于10μm，可以达到较好的沟槽高度一致性。
实施例2
参照图1至图4所示，本发明涉及的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置与实施例1相同，其电辅助过程也可在成形结束之后对已成形金属薄板进行整形；
金属薄板成形之前，首先将金属薄板9通过螺栓16和螺母17紧固于导流板15上；随后，在压机的作用下，上下模具快速合模完成成形过程；成形结束之后，电源1中设置所需的电流密度、频率、占空比和作用时间，产生的电流通过导线3，经导流板15传递给放置于成形模具上的金属薄板9并作用给定的时间；随后电源1自动关闭，分离上下模具，取出成形的金属薄板，完成金属薄板表面微细结构的加工过程。
实施例3
参照图1至图4所示，本发明涉及的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形 装置也可进行金属双极板的软模压印成形，与具体实施方案一类似，其区别在于，上模芯12改为耐高温橡胶软模；
金属薄板成形之前，首先将金属薄板9通过螺栓16和螺母17紧固于导流板15上；电源1设置所需的电流密度、频率和占空比，产生的电流通过导线3，经导流板15传递给放置于成形模具上的金属薄板9，随后进行成形过程；对于成形模具，刚性下模芯8通过下模座7与下模6相连，橡胶软模芯上模芯12通过上模座11与上模架10相连，在压机的作用下，刚性下模芯8与橡胶软模芯上模芯12完成合模；导柱4与导套2配合，弹簧5提供支持力；同时，通过电流传感器13实时测量电流波形，通过固定于下模芯8内部的温度传感器14实时监控金属薄板9的温度；成形结束后，关闭电源1，上下模具分离，取出成形的金属薄板，完成金属薄板表面微细结构的加工过程。
实施例4
参照图5所示，本发明涉及的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，也可将导线分别连接于上下模具，电流从电源依次通过导线、上下模具作用于金属薄板上，与具体实施方案一类似，其区别在于，去除导流板15、螺栓16、螺母17，导线3分别与上模芯12和下模芯8直接连接；
金属薄板成形之前，电源1设置所需的电流密度、频率和占空比，产生的电流通过导线3，分别经上模芯12和下模芯8传递给金属薄板9，随后进行成形过程；对于成形模具，下模芯8通过下模座7与下模6相连，上模芯12通过上模座11与上模架10相连，在压机的作用下，上下模具快速完成合模；导柱4与导套2配合，弹簧5提供支持力；同时，通过电流传感器13实时测量电流波形，通过固定于下模芯8内部的温度传感器14实时监控金属薄板9的温度；成形结束后，关闭电源1，上下模具分离，取出成形的金属薄板，完成金属薄板表面微细结构的加工过程。
本发明的应用范围，包含上述说明书所述内容但不受上述内容的限制，以上方案仅为本发明的较佳实施方案，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，包括电源、成形模具、待成形金属薄板，将待成形金属薄板连接电源，利用电流产生的热和电致塑性效应提升金属塑性流动、降低流动应力，进而在成形模具的作用下实现金属极板成形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的电源可输出任意波形的直流电和交流电，且其电流幅值为0-1000A、占空比为0.01-100％、频率为1Hz-10kHz，作用时间为0-300s，提供金属极板精确成形所需的电流。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的金属薄板连接电源的方式，包括通过导流板连接电源，或者通过成形模具连接电源，使电源输出的电流均匀作用在金属薄板上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的电源通过导线输出电流，导线上设有电流传感器，实时监控电辅助成形过程中输出电流的波形信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的成形模具包括上模和下模，上模和下模采用导柱导套定位，上模、下模配合电流施加过程，对待成形金属薄板施加作用力，实现金属极板塑性成形。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的电流施加过程发生在上模、下模合模之前、合模过程中、合模之后，或者三者任意两两组合或整个过程中。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的上模和下模均由模架、模座和模芯组成，其中模芯为刚性冲压模具、橡胶软模中的任意一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置，其特征在于，所述的成形模具内部布置接触式或非接触式温度传感器，以采集不同 区域的温度数据。
  9. 一种采用权利要求1-8任一所述的燃料电池金属极板的电辅助成形装置的工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将金属薄板置于成形模具内并连接电源；
    (2)在成形模具模压之前、过程中、之后、三者任意两两组合或整个过程中，调节电源的电流密度、频率、占空比和作用时间，对金属薄板施加电流作用；
    (3)配合电流施加过程，通过成形模具对金属薄板施加作用力实现金属极板塑性成形。
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