Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
  • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
  • E21B43/40—Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/08—Separating gaseous impurities from gases or gaseous mixtures or from liquefied gases or liquefied gaseous mixtures

Definitions

• the invention relates to the oil and gas industry.
• the invention relates to methods and complexes for the extraction of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon deposits, for example, from oil deposits, or, for example, from gas condensate deposits, or, for example, from gas deposits.
• non-combustible gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, off-gases, and the like
• US Pat. No. 4,895,710 proposes a process in which natural gas is combusted with air, the air being compressed prior to combustion. Carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust gases, the remaining nitrogen is compressed and used for injection into oil or gas wells. The thermal energy released during combustion is used to obtain mechanical work. However, significant energy costs are required to compress nitrogen to inject hydrocarbons into the reservoir. Moreover, this method does not make efficient use of the gas that is separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• US Pat. No. 1,0315,150 discloses a process in which a fuel gas containing hydrocarbons is combusted with an oxygen-containing oxidizer in a power plant. Carbon dioxide is removed from the off-gases, whereby solid carbon dioxide is obtained by means of a freezer. Solid carbon dioxide is melted in a melting chamber to produce liquid carbon dioxide. The liquid carbon dioxide is then converted to gaseous carbon dioxide, which is used to increase hydrocarbon production.
• significant energy costs are required to compress carbon dioxide to inject hydrocarbons into the reservoir.
• this method does not make efficient use of the gas that is separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• a significant increase in the concentration of non-combustible gas in the gas separated from the fluid containing hydrocarbons is due to the breakthrough into production wells of non-combustible gas injected into the reservoir.
• carbon dioxide when carbon dioxide is injected into an oil reservoir, its content can increase to 90% in associated petroleum gas six months after the start of injection / cm.
• Schedel RL EOR + CO2 A gas processing challenge. // Oil and Gas Journal, 1982, Vol. 80, no. 43 Oct. 25, p. 158, p. 163-166/.
• RF Patent No. 2038467 presents a method in which associated petroleum gas (a gas that is separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, such as an oil-containing fluid) is combusted with an artificial oxygen-containing oxidizer (containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steam) to produce carbon dioxide. for injection into the reservoir of hydrocarbons.
• an artificial oxygen-containing oxidizer containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and steam
• significant energy costs are required to produce oxygen in an air separation unit.
• the air separation plant has a high cost, and a power plant containing a steam turbine unit and a steam boiler has low energy characteristics.
• the known method does not provide an effective impact on the hydrocarbon deposit due to the fact that a significant part of the produced carbon dioxide passes into carbonized water, which is formed after combustion in an artificial oxygen-containing oxidizer, and which has a less effective effect on the hydrocarbon deposit compared to carbon dioxide.
• US Pat. No. 4,344,486 discloses a process in which a gas separated from a hydrocarbon containing fluid is combusted with an oxygen-enriched gas and off-gases, dominated by carbon dioxide, are pumped into the hydrocarbon reservoir.
• an oxygen-enriched gas and off-gases, dominated by carbon dioxide, are pumped into the hydrocarbon reservoir.
• significant energy costs are required to produce oxygen.
• the production of oxygen has a high cost.
• a significant amount of energy is spent on compressing the flow of off-gases containing carbon dioxide for injection into the hydrocarbon deposit.
• Bleakley WB in his article, describes a method that injects flue gases into an oil reservoir.
• the gas is separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid extracted from the oil reservoir.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid is mixed with ethane and propane to increase the heating value.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is then burned in a power plant containing steam boilers and a steam turbine to produce flue gases /Bleakley WB, "Block 31 Miscible Flood Remains Strong," Petroleum Engineer International, Nov., 1982, pp 84, 86, 90, 92/.
• Steam turbine drives a compressor that compresses flue gases for injection into the oil reservoir.
• US Pat. No. 7,299,868 describes that a portion of the amount of off-gas can be added to the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid to correction of the detonation characteristic, which is the dependence of the limiting ignition timing (at which the onset of detonation appears) on the engine speed.
• adding off-gases to the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid does not increase the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the addition of off-gases to the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid advantageously entails a decrease in the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• the methane number of associated petroleum gas (which contains 75 vol.% methane, 20 vol.% ethane and 5 vol.% propane) when diluted by 25 vol. % exhaust gases (which contain 88 vol. % nitrogen and 12 vol. % carbon dioxide) is reduced by more than 40% / calculations are performed using the ratios given in the work of Ivanov S. S., Tarasov M. Yu. Requirements for the preparation of dissolved gas to power gas engines. Oil Industry, 2011, No. 1, p. 102-105/.
• Such a decrease in the methane number of associated petroleum gas entails a significant decrease in the power (and energy) generated by the power plant.
• injecting nitrogen and carbon dioxide off-gases into the hydrocarbon reservoir also does not increase the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, but, on the contrary, predominantly leads to a decrease in the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• US Pat. No. 7,299,868 proposes, when preparing off-gases for injection, to reduce the concentration of nitrogen in the off-gases, depending on the geological and physical characteristics of the hydrocarbon deposit. Which, as you know, provides an increase in the efficiency of production of liquid hydrocarbons.
• lowering the nitrogen concentration, especially obtaining a low nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gases requires significant energy costs. This is because to reduce the nitrogen concentration, it is necessary to extract nitrogen from the exhaust gases, which has a low chemical activity.
• to extract nitrogen from exhaust gases it is necessary to obtain ultra-low temperatures, for example, using cryogenic technology, or to extract nitrogen from exhaust gases, it is necessary to significantly increase the pressure of exhaust gases, for example, when using membrane technologies.
• the solubility of carbon dioxide in oil is higher than the solubility of nitrogen on average 6-8 times / see, for example, Kachmar Yu. D., Yaniv V. E., Rybchak E. V., Zinchuk N. S. The use of nitrogen in oil production . M.: VNIIONG, 1973, p. 3; Balint V., Ban A., Doleshan Sh. et al.
• the low value of the methane number causes the operation of the power plant at reduced power, which leads to a decrease in the amount of energy generated by the power plant.
• significant energy costs are required to compress off-gases for injection of hydrocarbons into the reservoir, while injection of off-gases does not provide a significant increase in the production of liquid hydrocarbons.
• Patent No. 10976295 notes that the removal of ethane or heavier hydrocarbons from natural gas provides an increase in methane number.
• the present invention is directed to the creation of a method for the extraction of hydrocarbons, in which the disadvantages and imperfections of the presented methods are eliminated.
• the aim of the present invention is to provide a hydrocarbon production method that provides enhanced oil recovery in the development of oil fields (and increased condensate recovery in the development of gas condensate fields), a reduction in energy costs for the injection process, as well as an increase in the generated power and an increase in the amount of energy produced.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrocarbon production method, according to which gas is separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid extracted from a hydrocarbon reservoir, and by injecting liquefied carbon dioxide into said reservoir, the quality of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is improved for combustion conditions with air in a power plant.
• an installation configured to form a compressed gas-air mixture prior to combustion.
• fluid means 1) a substance that has the property of fluidity; or 2) a combination of substances (eg mixture or solution) that has the property of flowing.
• An example of a fluid is a gas, or a liquid, or a mixture of a gas and a liquid, or a solution in the form of a liquid with a gas dissolved in it.
• the fluid may contain impurities, such as solid particles, for example, rock particles.
• hydrocarbon containing fluid is oil; or oil in which a gas is dissolved (which contains at least one gaseous hydrocarbon and may also contain at least one non-combustible gas such as carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen and/or the like); or a mixture containing gas condensate and gas (which contains at least one gaseous hydrocarbon, and may also contain at least one non-combustible gas, such as carbon dioxide and/or nitrogen and/or the like).
• Natural gas is another example of a hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• a hydrocarbon-containing fluid is a mixture (eg, in the form of an emulsion) containing oil, water and gas.
• hydrocarbon containing fluid may be a mixture containing gas condensate, gas and water.
• hydrocarbon containing fluid may be a mixture containing gas condensate, gas and water.
• gas and the term “steam” are interchangeable, any of these terms means: 1) a substance in a gaseous state of aggregation or a mixture of substances in gaseous aggregate state; or 2) a substance at a temperature above the critical temperature (for a given substance) and a pressure above the critical pressure (for a given substance), if at the indicated pressure and temperature the density of the given substance has a value not exceeding the maximum value of the density of the given substance in the gaseous state of aggregation; or 3) a mixture of substances at a temperature that is higher than the critical temperature for at least one substance of this mixture, and at a specified (or specified) pressure, if at the specified pressure and temperature the density of this mixture takes on a value not exceeding the maximum value of the density of this mixture under conditions when all substances of a given mixture are in a gaseous state of aggregation.
• liquid means: 1) a substance in a liquid state of aggregation; or 2) a solution in which the substance that is the solvent in this solution is in a liquid state of aggregation; or 3) a mixture of substances, any of which is in a liquid state of aggregation or is dissolved in a substance in a liquid state of aggregation; or 4) a substance at a temperature above the critical temperature (for a given substance) and a pressure above the critical pressure (for a given substance), if at the indicated pressure and temperature the density of the given substance has a value not less than the minimum value of the density of the given substance in the liquid state of aggregation; or 5) a solution (that is, a homogeneous mixture) at a temperature that is above the critical temperature for the substance that is the solvent in this solution, and a specified (or specified) pressure, if at the specified pressure and temperature the density of this solution takes on a value not less than the minimum density value this solution under conditions when the said substance (solvent)
• the term “supercritical fluid” means a substance in a supercritical state of aggregation (that is, the pressure and temperature of a given substances above the critical values for a given substance) or a mixture of substances, at least one of which is in a supercritical state of aggregation.
• hydrocarbon means an organic compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• An example of a hydrocarbon may be methane, or, for example, ethane, or, for example, hexane, or, for example, octene, or, for example, decane, or the like.
• carbon dioxide refers to a substance with the chemical formula CO2.
• liquefied carbon dioxide means: 1) a liquid which is obtained by liquefying at least a portion of a gas (or at least a portion of a supercritical fluid) containing carbon dioxide and which consists of carbon dioxide; or
• a gas or at least part of a supercritical fluid
• carbon dioxide and at least one substance dissolved in it (i.e. in carbon dioxide) .
• at least one of the following substances may be dissolved in liquefied carbon dioxide: nitrogen, oxygen, water, and the like.
• formation means any area (or body) that is below the surface of the Earth, and which can be characterized by at least one feature that is not present in the adjacent area (or body). Such a feature may be, for example, a characteristic of the rock (or rocks), or, for example, the presence of hydrocarbons.
• a formation (reservoir) that contains a hydrocarbon-containing fluid will be referred to as a "hydrocarbon-containing formation"("hydrocarbonreservoir”).
• An example of a hydrocarbon-containing formation (hydrocarbon reservoir) may be, for example, an oil-containing formation (oil reservoir).
• an example of a hydrocarbon-containing formation (hydrocarbon reservoir) may be, for example, a gas-containing formation (gas reservoir).
• hydrocarbon reservoir may be, for example, a gas condensate containing formation (gas condensate reservoir).
• the formation may have a reservoir (or multiple reservoirs) where the pores and/or fractures contain fluid.
• the formation may contain, for example, sedimentary rocks, and/or igneous rocks, and/or metamorphic rocks and/or water and/or hydrocarbons and/or other substances.
• the term "separator” means any technical means (installation, device, structure, any combination thereof, etc.) for separating gas from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• the separator for example, can be two-phase (in which gas is separated from liquid) or, for example, three-phase (in a three-phase separator, hydrocarbon-containing fluid can be separated into gas, liquid hydrocarbons and water).
• the separator can be installed, for example, on the surface of the Earth (in this case, the surface of the Earth may be land or water) or, for example, in a well.
• a separator that is installed in a well may be referred to as a downhole separator.
• the separator may also be referred to as a gas anchor.
• the device for obtaining gas from the well annulus is also a separator.
• a power plant means: 1) a device capable of generating power or 2) a combination of equipment capable of generating power.
• a power plant for example, mechanical, or electrical, or thermal energy, or any combination of these types of energy, can be generated.
• a power plant may include an internal combustion engine to generate mechanical power.
• an internal combustion engine and an electric generator may be included in the power plant, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the internal combustion engine by a clutch (or a belt drive, or a gear drive, or the like).
• a heat exchanger can be connected to the cooling system of an internal combustion engine, in which a coolant, such as water, is heated.
• a waste heat boiler can be installed, in which the heat (thermal energy) of the exhaust gases is used to heat the coolant, such as water.
• a power plant that co-produces electricity and heat is sometimes referred to as a cogeneration (or combined or combined cycle) plant (or plant), or combined heat and power plant, or similar.
• the term "power plant” is interchangeable with any of the following terms: "power station”, or "generating station”, or “generating plant”, or similar.
• a gas turbine plant, a gas turbine plant, a gas piston plant, a gas piston plant, a propulsion power plant, a power plant, and the like are examples of a power plant in various designs.
• gas engine means an internal combustion engine running on gaseous fuel.
• gas engine is interchangeable with any of the following terms: “gas-fueled engine”, or “natural gas-fueled engine”, “or natural gas engine”, or the like.
• gas engine does not cover the concept of “gas turbine engine”.
• gas engine is mainly used to refer to a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ie, a reciprocating internal combustion engine) operating on gaseous fuel.
• a gas engine is any gaseous-fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine that can be configured to reciprocate the piston(s) in the cylinder(s), where the expanding combustion products move the piston(s) and thus mechanical power is produced.
• an example of a gas engine may be a gaseous-fueled rotary piston internal combustion engine (Wankel engine).
• the gas engine can be designed, for example, with spark ignition of a mixture of gaseous fuel and oxidant (for example, such as air) in the combustion chamber, or, for example, with prechamber-torch ignition of a mixture of gaseous fuel and oxidizer (for example, air), or, for example , with laser ignition of a mixture of gaseous fuel and an oxidizer (for example, such as air).
• the terms "natural gas powered spark ignition engine” or “natural gas powered spark ignition engine” may be used to refer to a spark ignition gas engine.
• a gas engine can be configured to ignite a mixture of gaseous fuel and an oxidizer (such as air) by injecting a small amount of liquid fuel into the cylinder at the end of the compression stroke (a liquid-ignited gas engine is also called gas-diesel or dual-fuel engine).
• an oxidizer such as air
• gas turbine engine means an internal combustion engine running on gaseous fuel, which has in its composition a turbine driven by expanding products of combustion of gaseous fuel.
• gas turbine is sometimes used to refer to a gas turbine engine. However, if the term “gas turbine engine” is used, then the term “gas turbine” may be used to refer to a turbine that is part of a gas turbine engine.
• air means an oxygen-containing gas.
• air is used in relation to the gaseous mixture (ie gas) that forms the earth's atmosphere, or similar gaseous mixture.
• the term “air” is used to refer to a gaseous mixture containing about 20-25 vol. % oxygen and about 75-80 vol. % nitrogen.
• this gaseous mixture (air) may contain water (eg in the form of steam) and/or argon and/or carbon dioxide and/or other substances.
• exhaust gases refers to the gaseous mixture (i.e. gas) that is formed during the combustion process.
• exhaust gases is interchangeable with any of the following terms: “exhaust gases”, “exhaust gas”, “exhaust gas”, “flue gas”, “flue gases” and the like.
• An example of an off-gas is the gaseous mixture that results from the combustion of a gaseous fuel with an oxidizer. Air can be used as an oxidizing agent.
• the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of gaseous fuels with air contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water (in the form of moisture) if the gaseous fuel contains at least one hydrocarbon. In addition to these substances, these exhaust gases may contain oxygen, nitrogen oxides, soot, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, carbon monoxide, and the like.
• inert gas means any non-flammable gas.
• inert gas and non-flammable gas are used interchangeably.
• An example of an inert gas is any of the following: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, off-gases, argon, steam, any mixture of these gases, and the like.
• moisture refers to water droplets and/or water vapor.
• carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component means any off-gas component in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher than in the off-gases.
• the carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component is obtained by extraction from the off-gases. "Extraction the carbon dioxide-containing component from the exhaust gases” means the same as “separation of the carbon dioxide-containing component from the exhaust gases” or “extraction of the carbon dioxide-containing component from the exhaust gases”.
• the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas component can only consist of carbon dioxide.
• the concentration of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component may be, for example, about 50%, or about 70%, or about 90%, or about 95%, or about 99.5% or more.
• the carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component in addition to carbon dioxide, may contain, for example, at least one substance such as nitrogen, water, oxygen, and the like.
• carbon dioxide-containing component is an abbreviated version of the term “carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas component”.
• carbon dioxide-containing component and the term “carbon dioxide-containing component” are used interchangeably.
• Various terms may be used to refer to the carbon dioxide-containing component and the concentration of carbon dioxide therein.
• a carbon dioxide containing component that contains, for example, 90% carbon dioxide the term “carbon dioxide with a purity of 90%” or "carbon dioxide having a concentration of 90%” can be used.
• carbon dioxide plant means a device (or combination of equipment) in which the carbon dioxide-containing component of said mixture is extracted from the gaseous mixture (ie, gas) of the mixture.
• the carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component can be recovered from the off-gases in a carbon dioxide plant.
• concentration of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-containing off-gas component depends on the technology for extracting the carbon dioxide-containing component from the off-gases, the parameters (and indicators) of the processes of the extraction technology, the composition of the off-gases, and the like.
• the term "liquefaction device” means a device (or combination of equipment) in which at least one substance is liquefied, that is, in which at least one said substance is liquefied (liquidized).
• the gas (or supercritical fluid) is converted to a liquid.
• the pressure and / or temperature of a gas (or supercritical fluid) containing several substances in a liquefaction device receive a liquid containing at least one of the mentioned substances.
• at least part of this gas (or at least part of this supercritical fluid) is converted into a liquid containing at least one of the mentioned substances.
• heating device refers to any device (or combination of equipment) using which the injection of a gas and/or a liquid and/or a supercritical fluid is carried out.
• well means a mine working that is made (eg, drilled) into a reservoir, and through which fluid can flow from the reservoir to the surface of the Earth and/or from the surface of the Earth to the reservoir.
• the surface of the Earth can be land or water.
• producer well means a well through which hydrocarbon-containing fluid is extracted from a hydrocarbon reservoir. Moreover, through the production well, any fluid (or fluids) can be pumped into the hydrocarbon deposit.
• injector well means a well through which a fluid (or fluids) is injected into a hydrocarbon reservoir.
• a fluid that can be injected into a hydrocarbon reservoir through an injection well is, for example, gas, or, for example, water, or, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide, or the like.
• fluid containing hydrocarbons can be extracted from the hydrocarbon deposit.
• separated gas means a gas that is separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, in other words, the term “separated gas” is an abbreviation of the term “gas separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid”.
• separatated gas and the term “gas separated from a hydrocarbon containing fluid” are used interchangeably.
• heavy hydrocarbon is used to refer to a hydrocarbon having two or more carbon atoms per molecule.
• An example of a heavy hydrocarbon is, for example, ethane, or, for example, propane, or, for example, butane, or, for example, hexane, or, for example, octene, or, for example, decane, and the like.
• gaseous hydrocarbon means a hydrocarbon having no more than four carbon atoms per molecule.
• An example of a gaseous hydrocarbon is, for example, methane, or, for example, ethane, or, for example, propane, or, for example, butane, and the like.
• liquid hydrocarbon is used to refer to a hydrocarbon having five or more carbon atoms per molecule.
• An example of a liquid hydrocarbon is pentane, or, for example, hexane, or, for example, octene, or, for example, decane, and the like.
• the union “and/or” reflects the meaning of both the union “and” and the union “or”, while indicating that the two situations exist together or as an alternative to each other.
• the union “and/or” indicates the possibility of the presence of all (two) subjects (signs, actions, elements, capabilities, etc.) indicated on both sides of the union “and/or”, and one (any) of two subjects (signs, actions, elements, capabilities, etc.) indicated on both sides of the union “and / or.
• the proposed hydrocarbon production method includes extracting a hydrocarbon-containing fluid from a hydrocarbon reservoir, separating gas from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, wherein the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is combusted with air in the power plant with the possibility of forming a compressed gas-air mixture before said combustion, while said compressed gas-air mixture contains air and gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, in addition, exhaust gases are released from the power plant, containing carbon dioxide component of the waste gases are removed from the off-gases, at least a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component is liquefied to produce liquefied carbon dioxide, and then the liquefied carbon dioxide is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir through at least one well.
• Injection of liquefied carbon dioxide into a hydrocarbon reservoir allows increasing the production of liquid hydrocarbons, and, in addition, provides an increase in the quality of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid for combustion with air in power plant, configured to form a compressed gas-air mixture prior to combustion.
• This improvement in quality is associated with an increase in the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid and is due to the following.
• Injection of highly concentrated carbon dioxide (which is liquefied carbon dioxide) into a hydrocarbon reservoir results in an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the performed calculations show that the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid increases with increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid / calculations are performed using the ratios given in the works of Kubesh J., King SR, Liss WE Effect of Gas Composition on Octane Number of Natural Gas Fuels. SAE Paper 922359; Ivanov S. S., Tarasov M. Yu. Requirements for training dissolved gas to power gas piston engines. Oil Industry, 2011, No. 1, p. 102-105/.
• the methane number of associated petroleum gas which contains 75 vol.% methane, 20 vol.% ethane and 5 vol.% propane) when diluted by 25 vol.
• % carbon dioxide increases by more than 50%.
• An increase in the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid provides an increase in the power (respectively, the amount of energy) generated by the power plant, and the possibility of generating the rated (maximum) power of the power plant.
• the production of liquefied carbon dioxide is carried out by extracting the carbon dioxide-containing component from the exhaust gases and liquefying at least a part of the carbon dioxide-containing component. In this case, there is no need to use bulky and expensive equipment for the extraction of highly concentrated carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases.
• the high concentration of carbon dioxide and the low concentration of nitrogen in liquefied carbon dioxide is due to the negligible solubility of nitrogen in liquid carbon dioxide (i.e., carbon dioxide in a liquid aggregate state). Moreover, the solubility of nitrogen in liquid carbon dioxide is much lower than the solubility of nitrogen in oil. For example, under conditions of vapor-liquid equilibrium of the “liquid carbon dioxide + nitrogen” system at a temperature of about 303.156 K (30.006 °C) and a pressure of about 7.4035 MPa, the proportion of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase reaches 0.9945 /Westman S. F., et al.
• liquefied carbon dioxide into a hydrocarbon reservoir provides an increase in the production of liquid hydrocarbons not only due to the fact that a high concentration of carbon dioxide is achieved in liquefied carbon dioxide, which has a high solubility in liquid hydrocarbons. So, if the reservoir temperature is lower (or a certain value higher) than the critical temperature of carbon dioxide, then, due to significant reservoir pressures (which are usually exceed the critical pressure of carbon dioxide), formation fluids are displaced by liquefied carbon dioxide. The density of liquefied carbon dioxide is comparable to the density of reservoir fluids. Therefore, under these conditions, there is no gravitational segregation between reservoir fluids and carbon dioxide.
• the volume of carbon dioxide will increase significantly during filtration through the reservoir. Also, when filtering through the reservoir, part of the carbon dioxide at the displacement front is enriched with hydrocarbons. In this connection, during the filtration process, a significant increase in the volume of carbon dioxide enriched with hydrocarbons occurs, since carbon dioxide at temperatures and pressures above critical values has a high coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion. For example, at a pressure of 150 bar, the volume of carbon dioxide increases by more than 2 times with an increase in temperature from 305 K to 360 K / calculations are performed using data from the work of Altunin V. V. Thermophysical properties of carbon dioxide.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is liquefied to produce liquefied carbon dioxide in the present process, no compression energy is expended when the liquefied carbon dioxide is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir.
• the energy costs for obtaining liquefied carbon dioxide and pumping liquefied carbon dioxide are much less compared to the energy costs for compressing to the pressure of pumping the same amount of carbon dioxide in a gaseous aggregate state into a hydrocarbon deposit.
• the pressure of the carbon dioxide-containing component after its extraction from the flue gases is 0.1 MPa and the injection pressure is 30 MPa, then the energy costs for obtaining liquefied carbon dioxide and injection of liquefied carbon dioxide into the hydrocarbon reservoir compared to the energy consumption for compression for injection of the same amount of carbon dioxide in the gaseous state of aggregation, they will be approximately 40% less.
• the implementation of the proposed method will provide an increase in oil recovery in the development of oil fields (and an increase in condensate recovery in the development of gas condensate fields), a reduction in energy costs for the injection process, an increase in the generated power and an increase in the amount of energy produced, while generating energy without emissions into the environment, because carbon dioxide is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir. Also, the implementation of the proposed method will achieve other objectives of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the proposed method, which includes extracting a hydrocarbon containing fluid from a hydrocarbon reservoir; separating the gas from the hydrocarbon containing fluid; burning the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid with air in a power plant; extracting from the exhaust gases containing carbon dioxide component of the exhaust gases; liquefying at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component to produce liquefied carbon dioxide; and injecting the liquefied carbon dioxide into the hydrocarbon reservoir.
• Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the proposed method which includes recovering a hydrocarbon containing fluid from a hydrocarbon reservoir; separating the gas from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid; preparing the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid; combustion of the gas separated from the fluid containing hydrocarbons with air in a power plant: off-gas cleaning; extracting from the exhaust gases containing carbon dioxide component of the exhaust gases; liquefying at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component to produce liquefied carbon dioxide; and injecting the liquefied carbon dioxide into the hydrocarbon reservoir.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a hydrocarbon reservoir 8 into which a production well 9 and an injection well 5 have been drilled; a separator 7 configured to communicate with the production well 9; an injection device 2 configured to communicate with the injection well 5; a power plant 1 which contains an internal combustion engine 3 having an air inlet 4; driven device 11; carbon dioxide plant 6; liquefaction device 10.
• the carbon dioxide plant 6 and the liquefaction device 10 can be made, for example, as independent units of equipment, or as a single unit of equipment, or as a single device, or as a complex plant (which contains the carbon dioxide plant 6 and the liquefaction device 10), or the like.
• a hydrocarbon-containing fluid is extracted from a hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through a production well 9 in which tubing is placed.
• the stream 12 containing hydrocarbon fluid enters the separator 7, which is configured to separate gas from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, and which has the necessary technical means (for example, an inlet in the form of an inlet, or, for example, , in the form of an inlet pipe) to ensure that a fluid containing hydrocarbons enters it.
• the separator 7 has the necessary technical means (for example, an outlet, or, for example, outlet) for the outlet (release) of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• the separator 7 separates the gas from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid contains at least one gaseous hydrocarbon, such as methane.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid may contain at least one heavy hydrocarbon such as ethane, propane, butane, hexane and the like.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid may contain at least one of the following substances: sulfur-containing substance, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, particulate matter, water (for example, water droplets and/or water vapor), and other substances.
• carbon dioxide may be absent in the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, or present in this gas in a small concentration.
• the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas separated from the fluid containing hydrocarbons increases and can reach 90% or more.
• the gas stream 14 separated from the fluid containing hydrocarbons enters the power plant 1.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is combusted with air.
• a compressed gas-air mixture is formed, which contains gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, and air.
• the power plant 1 generates mechanical energy and/or electricity and/or thermal energy (heat).
• FIG. 1 shows that the power plant 1 includes an internal combustion engine 3, which receives a gas stream 14 separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. In the internal combustion engine 3, said combustion takes place.
• the internal combustion engine 3 is configured to operate by said combustion of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid with air. Accordingly, the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is used as the gaseous fuel, and the air is used as the oxidant.
• compressed gas-air mixture means a gas-air mixture under pressure, that is, in other words, a gas-air mixture whose pressure is above atmospheric pressure.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid contains a significant percentage of carbon dioxide, therefore providing a high methane number for this gas.
• the mechanical energy generated by the internal combustion engine 3 is used to drive the driven device 11.
• a clutch or a belt drive or a gear drive or the like can be used (in FIG. 1 not shown).
• the driven device 11 may be, for example, an electric generator, or a pump, or a compressor, or a pump-compressor unit, or the like.
• the driven device 11 is made in the form of an electric generator, then the electricity generated by the electric generator can be used, for example, to power the carbon dioxide plant 6, and/or the liquefaction device 10, and/or the pumping device 2, and/or electric motors, and/or other fishing equipment, and/or for powering other consumers, while the generated electricity can be transformed and transmitted through the electrical network, including to remote consumers.
• the driven device 11 is in the form of a compressor, the compressor can be used, for example, to compress a gas or gases.
• the driven device AND is made in the form of a pump
• the pump can be used, for example, to inject liquefied carbon dioxide (for example, into hydrocarbon reservoir 8), or, for example, to pump water into hydrocarbon deposit 8, or, for example, for pumping liquid, or the like.
• the internal combustion engine 3 may be, for example, a gas engine, or, for example, a gas turbine engine, or the like. If the internal combustion engine 3 is a gas engine, then when the gas engine is operated, the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and the air used as an oxidizer are mixed to form a gas-air mixture (for example, in a mixer), and then the gas-air mixture is compressed, for example, by a piston in cylinder (or pistons in cylinders) of a gas engine to obtain a compressed gas-air mixture before combustion (that is, during ignition or before ignition). Also, in a gas engine, the gas-air mixture can be compressed before it is supplied to the cylinders.
• pressurization can be carried out, that is, a gas-air mixture is supplied to the cylinders of a gas engine under pressure, for example, by a turbocharger.
• the gas-air mixture can be cooled before being fed into the gas engine cylinders.
• the pressure of the compressed gas-air mixture can be set depending on the composition of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, as well as taking into account the methane number of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• the compressed gas-air mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber of the gas engine, for example, using spark ignition, or, for example, using prechamber-torch ignition (or, for example, laser ignition).
• the moment of ignition of the compressed gas-air mixture is set by selecting the appropriate value of the ignition timing.
• the combustion engine 3 is a gas turbine engine
• the gas stream 14 separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid may be pressurized into the gas turbine engine. If the pressure of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid needs to be increased, the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is compressed in a blower (or compressor).
• gas separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid and air which is supplied under pressure by a gas turbine engine compressor
• an oxidizer are mixed to form a compressed gas-air mixture prior to combustion (i.e., during ignition or before ignition) in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine. engine.
• the internal combustion engine 3 support (using, for example, a mixer) a rational value of the coefficient of excess air. That is, in a compressed gas-air mixture between air and combustible substances, the proportion at which the compressed gas-air mixture contains the theoretically necessary amount of air for the oxidation of combustible substances or the compressed gas-air mixture contains more air than is theoretically necessary for the oxidation of combustible substances in the compressed gas-air mixture (for example, to ensure the most complete combustion of combustible substances). In the case when a decrease in the percentage of oxygen in the combustion products is achieved, in the compressed gas-air mixture, for example, the air content can be maintained less than theoretically necessary for the oxidation of combustible substances.
• Power plant 1 is configured to release exhaust gases, which are the product of said combustion.
• the power plant 1 has an outlet (for example, an outlet) for exhaust gases, and may also be equipped with an exhaust pipeline or, for example, an exhaust system or the like.
• Exhaust gases are a gaseous mixture that is formed as a result of the said combustion during the operation of the power plant 1.
• the composition and temperature of the exhaust gases depend on the design features of the power plant 1 and internal combustion engine 3, the value of the excess air coefficient, the composition of the air, the composition of the gas separated from containing hydrocarbon fluid, and the like.
• Exhaust gases contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water.
• the exhaust gases may contain oxygen, nitrogen oxides, soot, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, carbon monoxide, and the like. If the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid contains only hydrocarbons, then the exhaust gases may contain, for example, about 2-12 vol. % carbon dioxide. Nitrogen dominates in the exhaust gases. If the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid contains only hydrocarbons, then the exhaust gases may contain, for example, about 71-75 vol. % nitrogen, and after removing water from the exhaust gases (for example, drops of water and/or water vapor), the nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gases can reach, for example, about 82-88 vol. %. The flue gas temperature may be, for example, about 350-550 °C or more. In this case, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the exhaust gases and the temperature of the exhaust gases can take on both smaller and larger values.
• power plant 1 may contain a heat exchanger (not shown in Fig. 1) connected to the system cooling, in which a coolant (for example, water) is heated.
• a coolant for example, water
• the power plant 1 may contain a waste heat boiler (not shown in Fig. 1), in which the coolant (for example, water) is heated by transferring to the coolant (for example, water) at least part of the thermal energy ( heat) of waste gases.
• Exhaust gases are removed (exhausted) from the power plant 1 and the exhaust gas stream 15 is sent to the carbon dioxide plant 6, which is configured to extract the carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas component from the exhaust gases.
• various technical means can be used to extract the carbon dioxide-containing component from the exhaust gases.
• cryogenic technology fractional condensation, fractional evaporation, liquefied gas rectification, absorption technology, adsorption technology, membrane technology, and the like can be used.
• the presented examples of technical means are given for illustration and do not exhaust all possible options for the implementation of the carbon dioxide plant 6.
• the carbon dioxide plant 6 extracts the carbon dioxide-containing component of the off-gases from the off-gases. After the removal of the carbon dioxide-containing component, the remainder of the off-gases is the nitrogen-containing component.
• the off-gases are thus separated into two components: a carbon dioxide-containing component and a nitrogen-containing component.
• the carbon dioxide containing component is typically dominated by carbon dioxide.
• the carbon dioxide containing component may contain, for example, up to 70-99% carbon dioxide or more, for example 99.9% or more.
• the concentration of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide containing component depends on the technologies used in the carbon dioxide plant 6.
• the carbon dioxide containing component may contain nitrogen, oxygen, water (for example, in the form of water droplets and/or water vapor) and others. substances.
• the pressure and temperature of the resulting carbon dioxide-containing component also depend on the extraction technology used in the carbon dioxide plant 6. At the same time, the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing component are not limited to any specific values.
• the pressure obtained in the carbon dioxide plant 6 containing carbon dioxide component can take values from 0.1 MPa to 15 MPa, and the temperature from -20 °C to +350 °C. In this case, the pressure and temperature of the component containing carbon dioxide obtained in the carbon dioxide plant can take on both smaller and larger values.
• the nitrogen-bearing component is dominated by nitrogen.
• nitrogen oxygen, water (eg, in the form of water droplets and/or water vapor) and other substances may be present in the nitrogen-containing component.
• oxygen, water eg, in the form of water droplets and/or water vapor
• other substances may be present in the nitrogen-containing component.
• the nitrogen-containing component is released into the atmosphere or used, for example, as follows.
• the carbon dioxide containing component stream 16 is sent to a liquefaction device 10 in which at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component is liquefied to produce liquefied carbon dioxide.
• a liquefaction device 10 in which at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component is liquefied to produce liquefied carbon dioxide.
• nitrogen and/or the like gas or gases
• the non-condensable gas or gases
• a small amount of nitrogen and/or a similar gas can be dissolved in the liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the liquefaction apparatus 10 for producing liquefied carbon dioxide may liquefy the entire amount of the carbon dioxide-containing component.
• the liquefaction device 10 for producing liquefied carbon dioxide can be liquefied in several stages.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is compressed (for example, in a compressor) and then cooled (for example, in an intermediate heat exchanger) to condense (liquid) the water vapor.
• the carbon dioxide containing component is further compressed (eg in an additional compressor) and further cooled (eg in an additional heat exchanger) to produce liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the second stage is carried out as follows: the carbon dioxide containing component is further compressed (for example, in an additional compressor) and further cooled (for example, in an additional heat exchanger), and then the carbon dioxide containing component is pressurized in a pump (for example, in a feed pump) to obtain liquefied dioxide.
• a pump for example, in a feed pump
• the liquefied carbon dioxide may contain, for example, at least 95% carbon dioxide, or, for example, at least 99% carbon dioxide, or, for example, at least 99.9% carbon dioxide. It is technically possible to obtain liquefied carbon dioxide, which contains, for example, 99.99% carbon dioxide or more.
• the liquefaction device 10 is configured to liquefy at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component to produce liquefied carbon dioxide, and various techniques can be used in the liquefaction device 10 .
• an appropriate pressure of the carbon dioxide-containing component and an appropriate temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing component are provided.
• the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is about 31°C
• the critical pressure of carbon dioxide is about 7.38 MPa.
• liquefied carbon dioxide may, for example, have a temperature of about 26-27 °C and a pressure of about 7.5 MPa.
• the density of liquefied carbon dioxide at the indicated temperature and pressure approximately corresponds to the density of liquefied carbon dioxide at a temperature of about 35-37 °C and a pressure of about 12 MPa.
• the temperature and pressure values of the liquefied carbon dioxide produced in the liquefaction device 10 may be either higher or lower.
• the liquefaction device 10 may comprise, for example, a water-cooled or air-cooled heat exchanger (or refrigerator or cooler) in which the carbon dioxide containing component is cooled.
• the liquefaction apparatus 10 may include, for example, a refrigeration machine by which the carbon dioxide-containing component is cooled to produce liquefied carbon dioxide having a temperature of, for example, -10° C. or, for example, -15° C.
• a heat exchanger in which, during liquefaction, the containing carbon dioxide component, can be made, for example, in the form of a capacitor.
• the condenser is a heat exchanger in which liquefied carbon dioxide is produced by cooling the carbon dioxide containing component.
• the liquefaction device 10 may include, for example, a compressor (or, for example, a compressor and a pump) in which the carbon dioxide-containing component is compressed.
• a compressor or, for example, a compressor and then a pump
• the liquefaction device 10 in which, as noted above, the liquefaction includes several stages. For example, in a first liquefaction step, the carbon dioxide-containing component is compressed (for example, by a compressor) and then cooled (for example, in an intercooler) to condense, for example, water vapor and remove water, and in a second liquefaction step, the carbon dioxide-containing component is cooled (for example, in a condenser) to produce liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the liquefaction device 10 may include, for example, a valve for releasing nitrogen or a similar non-condensable gas (or gases) during and/or after liquefaction.
• the liquefaction device 10 may include a container for storing liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the liquefaction device 10 and the carbon dioxide plant 6 are possible, where the carbon dioxide plant 6 and the liquefaction device 10 are configured to liquefy at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component in the process of extracting the carbon dioxide containing component from the exhaust gases.
• fractional condensation can be used.
• liquefaction is carried out with stepwise cooling of the carbon dioxide-containing component in the process of its extraction from the exhaust gases.
• the liquefaction device 10 may include a feed pump that is configured to pump liquefied carbon dioxide.
• a feed pump may be included in the liquefaction device 10 if the pressure of the liquefied carbon dioxide needs to be increased.
• a feed pump for example, a piston pump (plunger pump), a screw pump, rotary pump or the like. In the event that the pressure of the liquefied carbon dioxide has the required value, then the supply pump may not be included in the device 10 liquefaction.
• the flow 17 of liquefied carbon dioxide is supplied from the liquefaction device 10 to the injection device 2, which is configured to pump liquefied carbon dioxide into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons through the injection well 5.
• the injection device 2 liquefied carbon dioxide is pumped into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons through the injection well 5.
• liquefied carbon dioxide may be a gas, or a liquid, or a supercritical fluid, depending on the reservoir pressure and reservoir temperature.
• Injection of liquefied carbon dioxide into the hydrocarbon deposit 8 will increase the production of hydrocarbon-containing fluid and improve the quality of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid due to the increase in methane number, while ensuring the generation of energy by the power plant 1 without emissions to the environment, since carbon dioxide is injected into reservoir of 8 hydrocarbons.
• the pumping device 2 along with the liquefied carbon dioxide from the liquefaction device 10, small amounts (or volumes) of foreign substances, such as water, can enter.
• the injection of liquefied carbon dioxide may be carried out in a depleted part, or in a watered part, or in a hydrocarbon-saturated part of the hydrocarbon deposit 8 selected for injection, or the like.
• the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 is an oil reservoir
• the injection of liquefied carbon dioxide may be, for example, into a gas cap of an oil reservoir, or, for example, into an oil-saturated portion of an oil reservoir, or, for example, into a flooded portion of an oil reservoir.
• the pumping device 2 is configured to pump liquefied carbon dioxide into the hydrocarbon deposit 8 through an injection well 5.
• Various technical means can be used in the pumping device 2.
• the injection device 2 can be performed, for example, in the form of a device for connecting the liquefaction device 10 and the injection well 5, or, for example, in the form of a pipeline equipped with the necessary pipeline fittings, or tubing, or a fitting, or any combination of them, or the like.
• the pumping device 2 may include a pipeline that is connected to the tubing. In this case, the tubing is placed in the injection well 5, and the injection well 5 and the outlet of the liquefaction device 10 are communicated through the pipeline.
• the composition of the injection device 2 includes a device (or installation, or unit, or the like) for increasing the pressure of liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the pumping device 2 may include an injection pump for injection of liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the pressure pump for example, a piston pump (plunger pump), a screw pump, a rotary pump or the like can be used, any of which can be driven by, for example, an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine 3, for example. contain other known technical means to inject liquefied carbon dioxide into the reservoir 8 hydrocarbons through the injection well 5.
• the injection device 2 may include a container for storing liquefied carbon dioxide.
• liquefied carbon dioxide can be injected into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons through the production well 9 (not shown in Fig. 1), for example, to treat the bottomhole zone of the production well 9.
• This can be used to carry out the "Huff and Puff” process, for example, to perform cyclic injection of liquefied carbon dioxide into the reservoir of 8 hydrocarbons through the producing well 9, alternating the injection period, the holding period for the reaction (mixing) of carbon dioxide with formation fluids in the bottomhole zone of the production well 9 (injection and production are not carried out during this period) and the period of extraction of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid from the reservoir 8 through the production well 9. It is also possible to use a similar or different variant of the "Huff and Puff" process.
• injection and extraction are carried out in cycles using more than one well.
• liquefied carbon dioxide is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through the injection well 5
• the hydrocarbon containing fluid is extracted from the production well 9.
• liquefied carbon dioxide is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through the production well.
• well 9 (not shown in FIG. 1)
• the extraction of hydrocarbon-containing fluid is carried out from the injection well 5 (not shown in FIG. 1).
• FIG. 2 shows a reservoir of 8 hydrocarbons; a production well 9 that has been drilled into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 and is configured to communicate with the separator 7; an injection well 5 which is drilled into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 and is configured to communicate with the injection device 2; injection well 46 drilled into hydrocarbon reservoir 8; a gas preparation unit 20, which includes a gas purification device 13, a gas treatment device 18, a gas heating device 19; power plant 21, which contains an internal combustion engine 24; carbon dioxide plant 28; cleaning unit 31; liquefaction device 37; compressor device 43; device 47 for pumping water.
• a gas preparation unit 20 which includes a gas purification device 13, a gas treatment device 18, a gas heating device 19; power plant 21, which contains an internal combustion engine 24; carbon dioxide plant 28; cleaning unit 31; liquefaction device 37; compressor device 43; device 47 for pumping water.
• the production well 9 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the production well 9 shown in FIG. 1.
• the injection well 5 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the injection well 5 shown in FIG. 1.
• the separator 7 shown in FIG. 2 is similar to the separator 7 shown in FIG. 1.
• the pumping device 2 shown in FIG. 2 similar to the pumping device 2 shown in FIG. one.
• a variant of the proposed method, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 2 is carried out as follows. Hydrocarbon-containing fluid is extracted from hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through production well 9. After hydrocarbon reservoir 8 is extracted, hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream 12 enters a separator 7 configured to receive hydrocarbon-containing fluid from production well 9.
• the hydrocarbon-containing fluid in stream 12 shown in FIG. fig. 2 is identical to the hydrocarbon containing fluid in stream 12 shown in FIG. one.
• the separator 7 separates the gas from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the gas stream 14 separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid enters the gas treatment unit 20.
• the performance (composition and the like) of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid in the stream 14 shown in FIG. 2 are identical to the performance (composition and the like) of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid in stream 14 shown in FIG. one.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is prepared for combustion in the power plant 21.
• at least one sulfur-containing substance is removed from the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, and/ or solid particles and/or water (eg water droplets and/or water vapor) and/or at least a portion of heavy hydrocarbons and/or a portion of carbon dioxide, and also heat the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the gas preparation unit 20 includes a gas purification device 13 in which water, solid particles, at least one sulfur-containing substance, liquid hydrocarbons, and the like are removed (reduced) from a gas separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• the gas purification device 13 may include a device such as a gas separator for removing water, particulate matter, liquid hydrocarbons, and the like.
• the gas cleaning device 13 may comprise a glycol gas dehydration unit (or apparatus or apparatus) and/or, for example, a dehydration unit (or apparatus) by gas cooling.
• the gas treatment device 13 may include, for example, membrane plant. Or, for example, a soda scrubber or amine technologies or the like can be used to remove at least one sulfur-containing substance.
• the gas treatment unit 20 includes a gas treatment device 18 .
• the gas treatment device 18 treats the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid to remove at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons and/or a portion of the carbon dioxide. This portion of the carbon dioxide may be removed if there is an excess of carbon dioxide in the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• the gas treatment apparatus 18 may include, for example, a low temperature separation unit for fractional separation of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.
• a low-temperature separation unit can be used in which, when the pressure is reduced during the expansion process of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, his temperature. This results in the condensation of at least part of the heavy hydrocarbons and/or part of the carbon dioxide.
• the condensed heavy hydrocarbons produced in the gas treatment device 18 can be sent, for example, for further processing and/or to the injection device 2 for injection into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons (not shown in FIG. 2).
• the condensed carbon dioxide produced in the gas treatment device 18 can be fed, for example, to the liquefaction device 37 and/or the injection device 2 for injection into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons (not shown in FIG. 2).
• the gas preparation unit 20 includes a device 19 (eg, a heat exchanger) for heating (raising the temperature) the gas separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid. Also, the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid can be heated in the power plant 21 (not shown in FIG. 2).
• the gas treatment unit 20 has the necessary facilities (for example, an outlet, or, for example, an outlet pipe) to exit the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid after it has been prepared in the gas treatment unit 20. From the gas treatment unit 20, the gas stream 22 separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is supplied (the gas supply can be carried out under pressure) to the power plant 21, which contains the internal combustion engine 24. In the internal combustion engine 24, during its operation, the gas separated from the containing fluid hydrocarbons, with air to generate mechanical power.
• Exhaust gases resulting from said combustion of the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid are removed (discharged) from the power plant 21.
• Exhaust gases contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water (eg, water droplets and/or steam).
• exhaust gases may contain oxygen, nitrogen oxides, soot, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, carbon monoxide, and the like.
• the power plant 21 is one of the possible modifications of the power plant 1.
• the internal combustion engine 24 is one of the possible modifications of the internal combustion engine 3.
• the design and operation of the power plant 21 and the internal combustion engine 24 are similar to the structure and operation of the power plant 1 and the internal combustion engine 3, which are described above.
• the difference between the internal combustion engine 24 and the internal combustion engine 3 is that the internal combustion engine 24 is configured to operate on gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid when this gas is supplied from the gas treatment unit 20, and the internal combustion engine 3 is configured to operation on a gas separated from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, when this gas flows from the separator 7.
• This difference may lie in the materials used, the compression ratio and other design features that are described in the technical literature and are known to specialists.
• the differences between the power plant 21 and the internal combustion engine 24 from the power plant 1 and the internal combustion engine 3 are that the power plant 21 and the internal combustion engine 24 are supplemented with technical means for reducing the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases and technical means for adding part liquefied carbon dioxide (or a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component) into a gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. Data and other differences will be presented below.
• the boiler 26 can be made, for example, in the form of a heat exchanger. In the boiler 26, thermal energy (heat) is obtained from the exhaust gases for use in the desorber 27. Accordingly, in the boiler 26, the temperature of the exhaust gases is lowered.
• the flow 30 of exhaust gases enters the block 31 cleaning.
• soot and/or solid particles and/or water for example, water droplets and/or water vapor
• nitrogen oxides and/or unburned hydrocarbons and/or oxygen are removed from the exhaust gases, and /or carbon monoxide.
• the exhaust gases are cooled.
• the purification unit 31 may contain the following devices (devices, installations): a neutralizer filter (for example, platinum) for removing soot from exhaust gases; a mechanical filter (or, for example, an electrostatic precipitator, or, for example, a scrubber) for removing solid particles from the exhaust gases; a gas separator (or, for example, a scrubber) to remove water and solids from the off-gases; a catalytic reactor (for example, with urea spray) for removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases, as well as devices (for example, using catalytic afterburning) for removing unburned hydrocarbons and/or carbon monoxide and/or oxygen from the exhaust gases.
• a neutralizer filter for example, platinum
• a mechanical filter or, for example, an electrostatic precipitator, or, for example, a scrubber
• a gas separator or, for example, a scrubber
• a catalytic reactor for example, with urea spray
• devices for example, using catalytic after
• a neutralizer filter for example, platinum
• the cleaning unit 31 may include a scrubber for cleaning and cooling off-gases, in which the off-gases, while washing with water, are cleaned and cooled to the required temperature.
• the exhaust gas stream 32 is fed (for example, by a fan or blower, or, for example, by a smoke exhauster) to the carbon dioxide plant 28.
• the carbon dioxide plant 28 is one of the possible modifications of the carbon dioxide plant 6.
• the carbon dioxide plant 28 is configured to produce a nitrogen-containing component of the exhaust gas. gases in the process of extracting the carbon dioxide-containing component of the exhaust gases from the off-gases.
• the carbon dioxide plant 28 contains technical means for absorption and desorption of the carbon dioxide-containing component.
• the carbon dioxide plant 28 includes an absorption subsystem containing an absorber (also referred to as an absorption column) 29 and a desorption subsystem containing a desorber (also referred to as a desorption column or stripper) 27; and a boiler 26.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is removed from the exhaust gases as follows.
• the absorber 29 the carbon dioxide-containing component is absorbed from the exhaust gases into a solution (absorbent solution), whereby a carbon dioxide-enriched solution is obtained.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component may contain other substances (eg, nitrogen and/or oxygen, water, and/or others) that can be absorbed along with the carbon dioxide solution (absorbent solution).
• the concentration of these substances depends on the properties of the absorbent, technological modes of the carbon dioxide plant 28 and the like.
• Amines for example, an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine
• an aqueous solution of ammonia, and the like can be used to absorb the carbon dioxide-containing component. After said absorption, the remainder of the off-gases is a nitrogen-containing component. In this way, a nitrogen-containing component is obtained in the carbon dioxide plant 28.
• the nitrogen-containing component may contain oxygen, water (for example, in the form of steam), carbon dioxide at a low concentration, and other substances.
• the stream 33 of the nitrogen-containing component is withdrawn from the absorber 29, and the carbon dioxide-enriched solution is sent to the stripper 27.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is separated from the carbon dioxide-enriched solution at the temperature and pressure required for stripping.
• the carbon dioxide-enriched solution can be heated using the thermal energy (heat) of the flue gases.
• the thermal energy of the exhaust gases is transferred using the boiler 26 to the carbon dioxide-enriched solution.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is removed (discharged) from the desorber 27.
• the carbon dioxide plant 28 may include a heating device (not shown in Fig. 2), in which a coolant (for example, water) is heated using thermal energy (heat) of the carbon dioxide-containing component .
• the heating device is made with the possibility of transferring to the coolant (eg, water) of at least a portion of the thermal energy of the carbon dioxide-containing component after the carbon dioxide-containing component has been removed from the flue gases.
• the temperature of the carbon dioxide-containing component is lowered.
• water vapor and absorbent which may be present as vapor in the carbon dioxide-containing component, condense in the heating device.
• the liquefaction device 37 is a modification of the liquefaction device 10.
• the liquefaction device 37 may include a technical means (eg device) for compressing the carbon dioxide-containing component; technical means (for example, a device) for drying containing carbon dioxide component; technical means (for example, a device) for cooling containing carbon dioxide component; a technical means (for example, a device) for injection (or supply) of liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the liquefaction device 37 shown in FIG. 2 includes a compressor 35, a dryer 36, a condenser 38, and a feed pump 39.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component is compressed in a compressor 35.
• the liquefaction unit 37 may include a scrubber for washing (cleaning and cooling) the carbon dioxide-containing component with water prior to compression. in compressor 35.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component After being compressed in compressor 35, the carbon dioxide-containing component enters a dryer 36, in which water is removed from the carbon dioxide-containing component using, for example, glycol drying, or, for example, adsorbents, or, for example, an intercooler, or the like.
• the carbon dioxide-containing component After drying, the carbon dioxide-containing component enters the condenser 38, cooled, for example, by a refrigeration machine, or, for example, by water, or, for example, by a stream of air.
• the condenser 38 the carbon dioxide containing component is cooled.
• at least a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component is liquefied. That is, liquefied carbon dioxide is produced in the condenser 38.
• a small amount of water and / or a small amount of non-condensable gas (or gases), for example, such as nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or the like may be dissolved in liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the undissolved portion of the non-condensable gas (or gases) is removed from the condenser 38, for example, using a purge valve (not shown in FIG. 2).
• the liquefied carbon dioxide produced in the liquefaction device 37 achieves a high concentration of carbon dioxide.
• the concentration of carbon dioxide in liquefied carbon dioxide may be about 95%, or about 99.5%, or 99.9% or more.
• Liquefied carbon dioxide enters the supply pump 39, which is configured to pump liquefied carbon dioxide.
• the liquefaction device 37 may include a thermostatic device (not shown in FIG. 2) which, after liquefaction or during liquefaction of at least a portion of the carbon dioxide containing component, sets the desired temperature of the liquefied carbon dioxide. Establishing the required temperature of liquefied carbon dioxide is required in order, for example, to avoid adverse effects on equipment at low temperatures (for example, at -20 °C and below) of liquefied carbon dioxide, or, for example, in order to avoid the formation of ice plugs in pipelines, or, for example, to maintain the required temperature of liquefied carbon dioxide when pumping hydrocarbons into the deposit.
• the thermostatic device can be placed in the liquefaction device 37 or can be made as a separate device (not shown in FIG. 2).
• Liquefied carbon dioxide from the liquefaction device 37 is fed into the injection device 2 by a feed pump 39.
• the flow 40 of liquefied carbon dioxide from the liquefaction device 37 is supplied under pressure to the injection device 2.
• liquefied carbon dioxide is pumped into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons through the injection well 5 (valve 41 closed).
• the liquefied carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide containing component Prior to injection into reservoir 8, the liquefied carbon dioxide and/or carbon dioxide containing component can be added (not shown in FIG. 2) at least a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons produced in gas treatment device 18 and/or carbon dioxide produced in device 18 gas processing.
• a device (such as a mixer) configured to add to the liquefied carbon dioxide (and/or carbon dioxide-containing component) at least a portion of heavy hydrocarbons (and/or carbon dioxide) can be placed, for example, in the liquefaction device 37, or, for example, in the pumping device 2, or performed, for example, as a separate unit.
• the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 may be injected with at least a portion of the nitrogen containing component in addition to the liquefied carbon dioxide as follows. After injection into reservoir 8 through injection well 5 (using injection device 2) of liquefied carbon dioxide in an amount sufficient to form a carbon dioxide rim in reservoir 8, flow 42 of the nitrogen-containing component from carbon dioxide plant 28 is sent (valve 44 is closed) to compressor device 43.
• the compressor device 43 is configured to inject a nitrogen-containing component into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through an injection well 5.
• the compressor device 43 may include at least one of the following technical devices: a compressor (or a pump-compressor unit), a pipeline, tubing, a fitting, and the like.
• the nitrogen-containing component is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through the injection well 5 (valve 41 is open) to move the carbon dioxide slug, for example, to the production well 9.
• technical measures are provided (for example, pressure is limited when injecting nitrogen containing component) to prevent nitrogen breakthrough into any production well drilled into hydrocarbon reservoir 8.
• oxygen may be present in the nitrogen-containing component.
• part of the nitrogen-containing component, or part of the carbon dioxide-containing component, or part of the liquefied carbon dioxide, or part of the off-gases can be used.
• flow 45 parts the nitrogen-containing component is sent (valve 44 is open) from the carbon dioxide plant 28 to the power plant 21.
• part of the nitrogen-containing component is added to the air used as an oxidizer (and / or to the compressed gas-air mixture ).
• the proportion between air and gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is set in such a way as to ensure the combustion of combustible substances (which contains the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid) and reduce the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases. Then the compressed gas-air mixture contains air in an amount not less than theoretically necessary for the oxidation of combustible substances. And maintaining the required temperature in the combustion chamber is carried out not by adjusting the excess air ratio, but by adding the required amount of a nitrogen-containing component.
• the air used as an oxidizing agent (and/or the compressed gas-air mixture) can be supplemented with a part of the carbon dioxide-containing component and/or a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide and/or a part of the exhaust gases.
• a device for adding part of the nitrogen-containing component (and/or part of the exhaust gases) and/or part of the liquefied carbon dioxide (and/or part of the carbon dioxide-containing component) to the air (and/or to the compressed gas-air mixture) can be placed, for example, in power plant 21, or, for example, provide in the design of the internal combustion engine 24.
• part of the nitrogen-containing component (and/or part of the exhaust gases) and/or part of the liquefied carbon dioxide (and/or part of the carbon dioxide-containing component) may be added to the air (and/or compressed air-gas mixture) using any of such devices as, for example, a mixer, a blower, a mixing valve or the like.
• the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid has a low methane number.
• a part of the carbon dioxide-containing component and/or a part of liquefied carbon dioxide can be added.
• part of the carbon dioxide-containing component and/or part liquefied carbon dioxide can be sent (not shown in Fig. 2) to the power plant 21, for example, from the carbon dioxide plant 28 and/or from the liquefaction device 37.
• Various devices can be used to add a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component (and/or a portion of the liquefied carbon dioxide) to the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and/or to the air used as an oxidizer and/or to the compressed gas-air mixture containing air. and a gas separated from a hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component and/or a portion of the liquefied carbon dioxide may be added to the gas separated from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and/or to the air used as an oxidant (and/or to the compressed gas-air mixture) using such a device.
• a mixer such as a mixer, or, for example, a blower, or a mixing valve, or the like.
• Water is pumped into the reservoir 8 of hydrocarbons through the injection well 46.
• the water to be injected into the hydrocarbon deposit 8 enters a water injection device 47 configured to inject water into the hydrocarbon reservoir 8 through an injection well 5.
• the water injection device 47 includes a pump (or pumping and compressor unit) that injects water into the reservoir. 8 hydrocarbons through the injection well 46.
• the water can be heated before injection into the deposit 8 hydrocarbons, for example, in a heating device and / or in a waste heat boiler, and/or in the heat exchanger of the cooling system (not shown in Fig. 2).
• the waste heat boiler may be part of the power plant 21.
• the power plant 21 may include a cooling system with a cooling system heat exchanger, in which at least part of the thermal energy (heat) of the cooling system is transferred to water for heating.
• the water may also be heated in a heating device (not shown in FIG. 2) in which at least a portion of the thermal energy (heat) of the carbon dioxide-containing component is transferred to the water for heating after the carbon dioxide-containing component has been removed from the flue gases.
• a heating device can be placed, for example, in a carbon dioxide plant 28.
• Water and liquefied carbon dioxide may be pumped alternately into the hydrocarbon pool 8 in some variation of the "Water-Alternating-Gas" process. Also, water and liquefied carbon dioxide can be pumped into the reservoir 8 hydrocarbons at the same time. At the same time, liquefied carbon dioxide and water can be injected into the hydrocarbon deposit 8 not only through different injection wells, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide through injection well 5, but water through injection well 46. Also, liquefied carbon dioxide and water can be injected (alternately or simultaneously) into the deposit of 8 hydrocarbons through one injection well (not shown in Fig. 2).
• the gas (associated petroleum gas) is separated from the hydrocarbon containing fluid.
• Associated petroleum gas in the amount of 1700 m 3 /hour enters 3 power plants, each of which contains a gas engine and an electric generator.
• Associated petroleum gas is combusted with air in gas engines, each of which is configured to operate by said combustion of associated petroleum gas.
• Gas engines drive electrical generators that generate electricity.
• Power plants contain heat exchangers for generating thermal energy (heat).
• the carbon dioxide plant contains a heat exchanger for generating thermal energy (heat).
• At least a portion of the carbon dioxide-containing component is liquefied in a liquefaction device to produce liquefied carbon dioxide.
• Liquefied carbon dioxide is pumped into the oil reservoir through injection wells using a pumping device.
• the composition of associated petroleum gas after the breakthrough of carbon dioxide into production wells methane 49%, ethane 11.9%, propane 7%, butane 2.1%, carbon dioxide 30%.
• the methane number of this associated petroleum gas is higher than the typical minimum allowable value for a gas engine, the value of which is assumed to be 52 /cm.
• the electrical power generated by the power plants is about 5.5 MW, of which about 0.5 MW is consumed in the liquefaction unit and the injection unit.
• the thermal power generated is about 5.7 Gcal/h, of which 1.8 Gcal/h is consumed in the carbon dioxide plant when the carbon dioxide-containing component is recovered from the flue gases.
• Liquefied carbon dioxide is obtained in an amount of about 3800 kg/hour (technological losses are taken into account). Liquefied carbon dioxide contains about 99.5% carbon dioxide.
• the pressure of liquefied carbon dioxide is set to about 30 MPa when liquefied carbon dioxide is injected into the oil reservoir through injection wells.

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