WO2022167138A1 - Verfahren zum laserhärten eines garniturdrahtes - Google Patents
Verfahren zum laserhärten eines garniturdrahtes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022167138A1 WO2022167138A1 PCT/EP2021/086569 EP2021086569W WO2022167138A1 WO 2022167138 A1 WO2022167138 A1 WO 2022167138A1 EP 2021086569 W EP2021086569 W EP 2021086569W WO 2022167138 A1 WO2022167138 A1 WO 2022167138A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- hardened
- beam field
- laser
- clothing wire
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/26—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for needles; for teeth for card-clothing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
- D01G15/84—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- D01G15/88—Card clothing; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for formed from metal sheets or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/02—Edge parts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for laser hardening areas of a clothing wire that are to be hardened.
- a method for laser hardening is known from US Pat. No. 4,924,062 A, for example.
- a laser beam is directed through an opening into a working space through which a clothing wire is moved in a conveying direction.
- the clothing wire In the conveying direction in front of the working area, the clothing wire is preheated by means of a gas burner.
- the clothing wire is cooled by a spray nozzle behind the working area in the conveying direction.
- the inside of the working space is shaped like a segment of a sphere, so that laser light reflected by the clothing wire can be reflected back onto the clothing wire on the inside of the working space. In this way it is possible to direct laser light on two opposite sides of the trim wire.
- a method for laser hardening a clothing wire is also described in CH 670 455 A5.
- DE 10 2014 106 574 A1 describes the hardening of a clothing wire by inductive heating and subsequent cooling with a cooling medium.
- Laser hardening is considered disadvantageous in this publication, since local overheating could occur due to the energy of the laser beam.
- the induction hardening of a clothing wire is also known from JP 2909774 B2.
- DE 2 018 793 describes a method for hardening workpieces or tools, such as band saws, using electron beams, with the electron beam energy being adapted to the shape and/or the position of the area to be hardened.
- the clothing wire has a base section with which the clothing wire is wound onto a roller. Teeth which have an approximately triangular contour protrude from this base section. In the direction of extension of the clothing wire or of the base portion, two immediately adjacent teeth are separated from each other by a gap.
- textile fibers are picked up by the clothing wire wound on a cylinder and aligned in the spaces between adjacent windings of the clothing wire in the circumferential direction around the cylinder.
- the teeth of the clothing wire are designed to pick up the textile fibers and hold them back until they are released. It is therefore desirable to give these teeth sufficient hardness so that excessive wear does not occur as a result of friction with the textile fibers.
- the base section of the clothing wire must in turn be able to be wound around the roller and should have a corresponding elasticity.
- each tooth of a trim wire to be hardened should be hardened, while the base section has a lower hardness than the areas to be hardened.
- a transition zone is formed between the already hardened part and the unhardened part.
- the clothing wire does not have a precisely defined hardness, which is therefore a weak point of the clothing wire or the wire.
- each tooth of the clothing wire can represent. It is also disadvantageous that metal oxide layers can form as a result of the heating (scaling). Then it is usually necessary to remove the iron oxide layers again in the further process.
- a trim wire is hardened using a laser in sections of the trim wire that are to be hardened.
- the trim wire has a continuous base portion from which teeth project. When the base portion extends linearly in a spanwise direction, the teeth are aligned parallel to a common plane and in a spanwise direction Arranged in a row.
- the procedure includes the following steps:
- At least one laser beam field is generated in at least one working plane in a working area.
- Preferentially exactly one laser beam field is generated in a single working plane or a first laser beam field is generated in a first working plane and a second laser beam field in a second working plane.
- the working planes are arranged at a distance from one another.
- the laser beam field can be formed by the cross section of a continuous laser beam.
- the contour of the laser beam field can vary and, for example, be polygonal, in particular rectangular.
- the laser beam field has at least one and preferably four straight outer edges.
- the intensity of the laser light changes at each straight outer edge. Energy density of the laser beam field abruptly.
- a steepness m describes a gradient of the intensity of the laser light at the outer edge of the laser beam field and can be determined, for example, as follows:
- the gradient is preferably greater than 5 , in particular greater than 7 , and more preferably greater than 8 .
- Inert gas is introduced into the working space.
- the inert gas can be introduced continuously or discontinuously. In this way it is possible to create a protective gas atmosphere in the working area.
- nitrogen and/or argon and/or another inert gas can be used as protective gas. In this way, an atmosphere is generated in the working space which is inert and/or inert.
- the clothing wire is conveyed in a conveying direction, in particular in the direction in which the clothing wire extends into the working space.
- a section of each tooth of the clothing wire to be hardened is preferably aligned at an angle or at right angles to the direction of propagation of the laser light within the working space.
- the clothing wire is conveyed in such a way that each section to be hardened is moved along the at least one laser beam field or through the at least one laser beam field.
- Each area to be hardened has at least one outer surface which, when the area to be hardened moves through the associated at least one laser beam field along the respective
- Working plane is moved.
- a single A laser beam field can be generated in a single working plane, with an outer surface of each area to be hardened being moved along the working plane through the laser beam field.
- Two opposite outer surfaces of each area to be hardened can each be moved along one of the two working planes through the assigned laser beam field. This means that each area to be hardened can be heated from one side by a laser beam field or from two opposite sides by two laser beam fields.
- an area to be hardened moves through the at least one laser beam field, it is heated.
- the conveying movement of the clothing wire moves the area to be hardened farther and farther out of the at least one laser beam field, so that no further energy or More heat is introduced into the area to be hardened.
- An additional cooling effect can optionally be achieved in the working area in that a gas flow is generated by supplying the protective gas. In this case, the protective gas can be fed continuously into the working area.
- the supply of a further separate cooling medium is not necessary in any of the exemplary embodiments.
- each section of the clothing wire to be hardened takes place entirely within the working chamber.
- the introduction of energy and the resulting heating of each section to be hardened by the laser beam field can take place in a very small space.
- the heating and cooling takes place in a very short time, so that the risk of scaling is already reduced.
- temper colors can form and/or scaling can occur.
- According to the invention is therefore an inert or. inert atmosphere is formed in the working area by continuously or intermittently introducing protective gas. This further improves laser hardening and post-processing of the hardened parts of the clothing wire can be omitted.
- a laser beam source is used, for example a diode laser or a gas laser.
- the laser light can have a wavelength of at least 650 nm, e.g. B. in the range from 800 nm to 1400 nm and in one embodiment a light wavelength of about 1000 nm.
- the clothing wire is freely moved continuously in the conveying direction while it is stationary.
- the movement in the conveying direction can take place at a constant speed.
- the speed at which the clothing wire is moved in the conveying direction can be at least 10 m/min or 20 m/min, for example 40 m/min to 50 m/min, the speed being adjusted depending on the dimension of the teeth in the conveying direction can .
- a constant speed when moving the clothing wire in the conveying direction the time with which each section to be hardened is moved through the at least one laser beam field is also constant.
- the laser beam field is time-invariant, for example the contour of the laser beam field and/or the intensity of the laser light during an on-time of the laser and/or a laser beam pulse frequency when the laser beam field is formed by laser beam pulses.
- the laser beam field is neither switched on and off, nor is the energy density of the laser light varied over time in the area of the laser beam field (e.g. laser beam pulse frequency equal to zero).
- the spatial expansion of the laser beam field and the position of the laser beam field in the working space is preferably constant.
- the at least one laser beam field can have a non-circular contour.
- the at least one laser beam field can have a length in the conveying direction and a width perpendicular to the conveying direction in the associated working plane.
- the length and the width are in particular different in size, with the width being able to be smaller than the length.
- the at least one laser beam field can, for example, have a length in the range of at least 10 mm to a maximum of 100 mm, preferably 15 mm to 70 mm and more preferably 25 mm or 30 mm to 40 mm.
- the length of the laser beam field is 32 mm to 35 mm.
- the width of the laser beam field can be selected depending on a height of an area to be hardened on each tooth, and in one embodiment at least 0.5 mm or 1.0 and/or a maximum of 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm.
- each laser beam field can be generated by means of beam shaping optics that transform an incident laser beam into an exiting laser beam.
- the emerging laser beam has a different cross-section than the incident laser beam.
- the emerging laser beam forms the laser beam field in the assigned working level. If a first laser beam field is to be generated in a first working plane and a second laser beam field in a second working plane, two separate beam shaping optics can be used for this purpose.
- the beam shaping optics can, for example, have a lens and in particular a free-form lens—similar to a Powell lens. In addition to such a lens, the beam shaping optics can have other light-diffracting and/or light-refracting and/or light-reflecting components.
- laser light that does not impinge on an area to be hardened in the laser beam field, but penetrates the laser beam field is at least partially caught by a beam trap. If the clothing wire is moved, for example, in the conveying direction, the laser light partially penetrates the laser beam field, for example in the area in which there is a gap between two adjacent teeth of the clothing wire in the laser beam field. This laser light can be at least partially caught by the beam trap.
- the beam trap can be arranged opposite to the beam shaping optics, for example, with the working level between the beam shaping optics and the beam trap.
- the jet trap can preferably be cooled by a cooling medium, for example water and/or air.
- a cooling medium for example water and/or air.
- at least one cooling channel through which the cooling medium flows can run inside the jet trap.
- a cooling medium can be directed onto the jet trap from the outside.
- the beam trap can have at least one impingement surface, which is aligned at an incline to the direction of propagation of the laser light passing through the at least one laser beam plane.
- the energy density of the laser light at the impingement surface is reduced compared to the energy density in the laser beam plane.
- the energy density of the laser light can be reduced in such a way that the heating on the impingement surface is not critical for the beam trap and the heat introduced as a result can be dissipated, preferably by active cooling with a cooling medium.
- the exposure time of the laser light to each point of a section to be hardened in the at least one laser beam field can be a maximum of 150 ms or a maximum of 100 ms.
- the exposure time can preferably be in a range from 30 ms to 90 ms and more preferably in a range from 50 ms to 70 ms. In one exemplary embodiment, the exposure time is about 60 ms.
- the exposure time can be set, for example, by the conveying speed of the clothing wire and/or the length of the at least one laser beam field in the conveying direction. It is advantageous if the clothing wire is annealed before it enters the at least one laser beam field. The annealing may be limited to, or at least encompass, the base portion of the trim wire.
- Annealing includes heating from an initial temperature to a soaking temperature, soaking at the soaking temperature, and cooling to a target temperature, which may correspond to the starting temperature of the clothing wire prior to heating.
- the target temperature and/or starting temperature can be the ambient temperature, for example.
- the method includes cleaning the clothing wire before it enters the at least one laser beam field.
- the cleaning can take place before an optional annealing process.
- the cleaning takes place in particular without direct contact of a cleaning tool with the clothing wire, for example by spraying a cleaning fluid onto the clothing wire. Water can be used as the cleaning fluid.
- the heating of the at least one area to be hardened is measured, for example using a pyrometer.
- the energy density of the laser light in the at least one laser beam field can be adjusted so that the desired temperature is reached in the areas of the clothing wire that are to be hardened.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective partial representation of an exemplary embodiment of a trim wire
- FIG. 2 shows part of the clothing wire from FIG. 1 in a schematic side view
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section at right angles to the direction of extension of the clothing wire according to section line III-III in FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic basic representation of a course of a hardness in an already hardened tooth of the clothing wire according to FIGS. 1-3,
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic basic representation of a device and a method for hardening the clothing wire with a view in a conveying direction
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the device and the method from FIG. 5 in a side view at right angles to the conveying direction
- FIG. 7 shows a basic representation of a laser beam field according to the invention with a length in the conveying direction and a width at right angles to the conveying direction
- FIG. 8 shows a highly schematized representation of a modified embodiment of a device and a method for laser hardening the clothing wire.
- the invention relates to the laser hardening of a clothing wire 10 as illustrated schematically in FIGS. 1-3.
- the trim wire 10 has a base section 11 extending in a longitudinal direction L.
- the base section 11 can have a polygonal, for example a rectangular, cross-section.
- a plurality of teeth 12 which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction L protrude from the base section 11 in a width direction B.
- a gap 13 is present in each case between two teeth 12 that are directly adjacent in the longitudinal direction L.
- Each tooth 12 has a substantially triangular outline with a corner 14 located widthwise B away from the base portion 11 .
- the corner 14 is formed by two edges 15 , 16 delimiting the contour of the tooth 12 .
- the one, first edge 15 extends essentially in the width direction B and the other, second edge 16 is inclined obliquely to the width direction B.
- the base section 11 has a thickness that is greater than the thickness of the teeth 12 at least in a section.
- the base portion 11 has a projection formed with a longitudinal surface 17 which, in the exemplary embodiment, is oriented at right angles to the width direction B.
- Each tooth 12 has a first outer surface 18 and a second outer surface 19 opposite the first outer surface 18 .
- the two outer surfaces 18 , 19 are arranged at a distance from one another in the depth direction T corresponding to the thickness of the tooth 12 .
- the two outer surfaces 18 , 19 can be arranged parallel to one another.
- the second outer surface 19 extends essentially at right angles to the depth direction T, while the first outer surface 18 is aligned at an angle with respect to the depth direction T and the second outer surface 19 .
- the first outer surface 18 extends in a first plane E1 and the second outer surface 19 extends in a second plane E2 (FIG. 3).
- An area A to be hardened adjoins the corner 14 on each tooth. Each tooth 12 should be hardened in this area.
- the area A to be hardened is arranged at a distance from the projection of the base section 11 adjoining the longitudinal surface 17 .
- the area A to be hardened is adjoined by a transition zone Z, in which the hardness decreases continuously in the direction of the base section 11 .
- the transition zone Z after laser hardening using the method according to the invention has a dimension in the range of less than 0.3 mm and preferably less than 0.2 mm.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 An exemplary embodiment of a device and a method for laser hardening is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, each in a schematic representation similar to a block diagram.
- a working space 26 is delimited in a housing 25 for the laser hardening.
- the clothing wire 10 is processed in the working space 26 and laser-hardened in particular in the areas A to be hardened.
- the clothing wire 10 is moved in a conveying direction F through the working space 26 by means of a conveying device (not shown).
- the conveying direction F can be oriented horizontally, for example.
- the width direction B of the clothing wire 10 is preferably aligned parallel to a transverse direction Q of the working space 26 , which in turn is oriented at right angles to the conveying direction F.
- the conveying direction F and the transverse direction Q can span a plane that extends horizontally.
- the clothing wire 10 can be moved through the working space 26 lying flat, so to speak.
- the clothing wire 10 is moved through the working space 26 without stopping and is processed, in particular hardened, during this time.
- the speed at which the clothing wire 10 is moved in the conveying direction F is preferably constant and is at least 10 m/min or at least 20 m/min, for example 40 m/min to 50 m/min, in the exemplary embodiment Size of the teeth 12 depends and the smaller can be chosen, the larger the teeth 12 are.
- At least one laser beam field 27 and in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 exactly one laser beam field 27 is generated in the working space.
- the device has a laser beam source 28 which emits a laser beam 29 .
- the emitted laser beam 29 can be supplied directly as an incident laser beam 30 to a beam shaping optics 31 or alternatively indirectly via one or more optical elements. These optical elements can deflect and/or break and/or bend and/or reflect the laser beam and then feed it to the beam shaping optics 31 as the incident laser beam 30 .
- the laser light of the laser beam 29 generated by the laser beam source 28 preferably has a wavelength of at least 650 nm or at least 800 nm, e.g. B. in the range from 800 nm to 1400 nm and has a wavelength of about 1000 nm in the exemplary embodiment.
- the beam shaping optics 31 are set up to transform the incident laser beam 30 and to form an exiting laser beam 32 with a defined cross section in a working plane.
- the beam shaping optics 31 can have one or more optical components, such as a lens , in particular a free-form lens 33 .
- the exiting laser beam 32 forms the laser beam field 27 in the working plane within the working space 26 .
- the working plane in the working space 26 extends in the conveying direction F and either in the transverse direction Q or inclined to the transverse direction Q, so that the first plane El of the first outer surfaces 18 present in the working space are arranged essentially in the working plane.
- the emerging laser beam 32 has a defined dimension and energy density in its laser beam field 27 arranged in the working plane. As illustrated in a highly schematic manner in FIG. 7, the laser beam field 27 has a length x in the conveying direction F and a width y perpendicular to the conveying direction F along the working plane or in the transverse direction Q.
- the length x is preferably different from the width y and in particular is larger.
- the length x can be at least 10 mm to a maximum of 100 mm, preferably 15 mm to 70 mm and more preferably 25 mm or 30 mm to 40 mm and in particular 32 mm to 35 mm.
- the width y of the laser beam field 27 can be adapted to the dimensions of the areas A of the teeth 12 to be hardened and can be, for example, in a range of at least 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm.
- the at least one laser beam field 27 is, for example, rectangular or otherwise polygonal in shape. It has at least one straight outer edge which is aligned parallel to the conveying direction F and which delimits at least one laser beam field 27 towards the base section 11 .
- the intensity of the laser light changes at each straight outer edge.
- the energy density of the at least one laser beam field 27 abruptly.
- the slope is preferably greater than 5, in particular greater than 7, and more preferably greater than 8.
- An inert gas atmosphere is created in the working space 26 in order to avoid the formation of metal oxide layers (scale) and the generation of temper colors as a result of the laser hardening.
- a protective gas G is introduced into the working space 26 for this purpose.
- the housing 25 can have at least one gas connection 37 in order to supply the protective gas G.
- the protective gas G can flow into the working space 26 continuously or discontinuously.
- the protective gas G is preferably introduced into the working space 26 adjacent to the beam shaping optics 31, so that it is inclined or perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the exiting laser beam 32 flows, for example in the transverse direction Q and/or in the conveying direction F. In the example from the shielding gas G is vertically between the working level or the laser beam field 27 and the beam shaping optics 31 initiated.
- the flow of protective gas G can protect the beam shape optics 31 and serve as a kind of sealing gas for smoke and/or vapor that is formed in the workspace 26 during laser hardening and/or other processing.
- the protective gas G can transport smoke and/or vapor out of the laser beam field 27 .
- the protective gas G is thus used, for example, not only to generate a low-reaction or inert atmosphere in the working space 26, but at the same time also to protect the beam shaping optics 31 and/or to maintain as uniform an energy density as possible in the laser beam field 27 on the surface of the clothing wire 10.
- protective gas G nitrogen, argon or another inert gas or any combination thereof can be used as protective gas G.
- the clothing wire 10 is moved through the working space 26 so that the areas A of the individual teeth 12 to be hardened move through the laser beam field 27 one after the other.
- the areas A to be hardened are heated in the laser beam field 27 and cool down rapidly after exiting the laser beam field 27, as a result of which the hardness increases.
- the cooling is effected by thermal conduction within the clothing wire 10 from the heated areas to be hardened in the direction of the base section 11 . Additional cooling can be achieved by dissipating heat into the atmosphere in the working space 26 .
- a caused by the introduction of the protective gas G Gas flow within the working space 26 can contribute to further cooling of the heated sections.
- the laser beam field 27 is positioned in such a way that only the areas A of the teeth 12 to be hardened are moved through the laser beam field 27 .
- the other areas of the trim wire 10 which are not to be hardened, in particular the base section 11, are moved outside of the laser beam field 27 through the working space 26.
- the exposure time during which the laser light of the exiting laser beam 32 acts in the laser beam field 27 on each point of the area A to be hardened that is moved through is a maximum of 150 ms or a maximum of 100 ms.
- the exposure time can preferably be in a range from 30 ms to 90 ms and more preferably in a range from 50 ms to 70 ms. In one embodiment, the exposure time is about 60 ms.
- the tooth 12 After the hardening of a region A of a tooth 12 to be hardened, the tooth 12 exhibits a hardening curve as is illustrated schematically in principle in FIG.
- the abscissa of the diagram indicates a distance d from the corner 14 of a tooth 12 in width direction B.
- the ordinate indicates the hardness H as a function of the distance d.
- the hardness H is greatest and essentially constant in each area A to be hardened. In the transition zone Z, the hardness decreases. Outside the hardened area A, the hardness H corresponds to the value that the unhardened material of the trim wire 10 has.
- the dimension of the transition zone Z in the width direction B is small and preferably less than 0.2 mm.
- the uncured base portion 11 provides sufficient elasticity and deformability, and even after curing, the trim wire 10 can be easily wound on a roll without cracks or other damage.
- a beam trap 38 can be present in the propagation direction of the exiting laser beam 32 behind the working plane or the plane in which the trim wire 10 is moved through the working space 26 .
- the beam trap 38 is set up to at least partially catch the laser light of the exiting laser beam 32, which does not impinge on the clothing wire 10 but rather passes through the laser beam field 27, in particular through a gap 13 between two teeth 12 (also compare FIG. 7).
- the beam trap 38 has at least one and, for example, two impact surfaces 39 arranged obliquely to the propagation direction of the laser light of the exiting laser beam 32.
- the impact surfaces 39 can be arranged, for example, in a V-shape.
- the inclination of the impact surfaces 39 relative to the propagation direction of the laser light increases the area on which the laser light strikes the at least one impact surface 39 compared to the surface of the laser beam field 27.
- the energy density of the at least one impact surface 39 on meeting end laser light is therefore reduced compared to the laser beam field.
- the energy absorption in the beam trap 38 per unit area is therefore also sufficiently small.
- the at least one impingement surface 39 is formed by an outer surface of a heat sink 40 .
- the heat sink 40 and therefore the at least an impact surface 39 can be cooled by a cooling medium K, for example air, water or another fluid.
- a cooling medium K for example air, water or another fluid.
- at least one cooling channel 41 is present within the heat sink 40, through which the cooling medium K flows.
- the cooling circuit of the cooling medium K is only indicated in a highly schematic manner in FIG.
- Further stations for processing the clothing wire 10 can be present in the housing 25 and are preferably arranged in front of the laser beam field 27 in the direction of movement of the clothing wire 10 .
- this can involve a cleaning station and an annealing station 42 .
- the cleaning station 41 is set up to clean at least the areas A of the clothing wire 10 to be hardened.
- the annealing station 42 is set up to anneal at least the base section 11 of the clothing wire 10 .
- the cleaning station 41 can be set up to release a cleaning agent and to spray it at least onto the areas A of the trim wire 10 to be hardened in order to remove impurities.
- the clothing wire 10 can then be dried in the cleaning station 41, for example by blowing dry with a gas.
- the annealing station 42 is set up to anneal at least the base section 11 of the trim wire 10 or alternatively the entire trim wire 10 .
- the annealing station 42 can have a heating device 43, a Have cooling device 44 and optionally a drying device 45 .
- the heating device 43 serves to introduce heat at least into the base section 11 of the clothing wire 10 and to heat it up to a holding temperature.
- the parts of the clothing wire 10 thus heated are then cooled by the cooling device 44 , for example by spraying on a coolant, for example water.
- the clothing wire 10 can then be dried by means of the drying device 45, for example by blowing dry with a gas.
- the areas A to be hardened are hardened by laser hardening in the working area. In the exemplary embodiment, all of these work steps take place within the work space 26 .
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment for laser hardening of regions A of a clothing wire 10 to be hardened in a greatly simplified schematic representation of the principle.
- two separate beam shaping optics 31 produce two exiting laser beams 32, each of which forms a laser beam field, for example a first laser beam field 27a in a first working plane and a second laser beam field 27b in a second working plane arranged at a distance therefrom.
- the two working planes can run parallel or at an angle to one another and are, for example, aligned in such a way that the first planes E1 of the areas A to be hardened move along the first working plane and the second planes E2 of the areas A to be hardened move along the second working plane.
- the energy of the laser light is introduced from two opposite sides into the areas A of the trim wire 10 to be hardened, namely on the first outer surface 18 by the first laser beam field 27a and on the second outer surface 19 by the second laser beam field 27b.
- the laser beam fields 27a, 27b can be offset from one another or, alternatively, at least partially overlap.
- two separate beam traps 38 can be present for the two exiting laser beams 32 .
- the exiting laser beams 32 are not aligned parallel to a common axis, but the directions of propagation are oriented at an angle of less than 180° to one another.
- the emitted laser beam 29 of a common laser beam source 28 can be used to generate the two exiting laser beams 32 through the two beam shaping optics 31 .
- two separate laser beam sources 28 could also be used.
- a pyrometer 46 can be used for this, as is shown schematically in FIG.
- Thermal radiation W which emanates from the heated area of the clothing wire 10 into the at least one area A to be hardened, can be detected by means of the pyrometer 46 .
- Using the pyrometer 46 can thus be checked whether sufficient energy in the at least one area A to be hardened has been entered. If necessary, the settings of the laser beam source 28 can be modified in order to adapt the energy input.
- the invention relates to a method for laser beam hardening of regions A of a clothing wire 10 to be hardened.
- the clothing wire 10 is moved in a conveying direction through a working space 26 .
- a protective gas atmosphere is generated in the working space 26 by the continuous or discontinuous introduction of protective gas G .
- a laser beam field 27 is formed in the working space 26 , through which the areas A of the clothing wire 10 to be hardened are moved. In the process, the areas A to be hardened are heated. After leaving the laser beam field 27, the areas A to be hardened cool down and are hardened by passing through this temperature profile.
- the hardening in the protective gas atmosphere in the working area 26 prevents the formation of oxide layers (scaling) and tempering colors.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112023015488A BR112023015488A2 (pt) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | Método de endurecimento a laser de um arame de guarnição |
CN202180092331.0A CN116761901A (zh) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | 将针布钢丝进行激光硬化的方法 |
JP2023546321A JP2024511694A (ja) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | カードワイヤのレーザー硬化法 |
US18/263,937 US20240102120A1 (en) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | Method for laser hardening of a card wire |
KR1020237028055A KR20230137366A (ko) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | 카드 와이어의 레이저 경화 방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021102373.4 | 2021-02-02 | ||
DE102021102373.4A DE102021102373A1 (de) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-02-02 | Verfahren zum Laserhärten eines Garniturdrahtes |
EP21154814.4A EP4036254A1 (de) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-02-02 | Verfahren zum laserhärten eines garniturdrahtes |
EP21154814.4 | 2021-02-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022167138A1 true WO2022167138A1 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2021/086569 WO2022167138A1 (de) | 2021-02-02 | 2021-12-17 | Verfahren zum laserhärten eines garniturdrahtes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240102120A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024511694A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20230137366A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112023015488A2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022167138A1 (de) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2018793A1 (en) | 1970-04-20 | 1971-11-04 | Steigerwald Strahltech | Electron beam tool hardening |
US4109127A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1978-08-22 | Frank Frungel | Apparatus and method for case hardening steel tools by application of heating pulses |
JPS57106724A (en) * | 1980-12-25 | 1982-07-02 | Kanai Hiroyuki | Metallic card clothing and a method of hardening the same |
US4696080A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1987-09-29 | Kanai Juyo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Metallic wire for spinning machinery and the method of manufacturing the same |
US4924062A (en) | 1988-02-02 | 1990-05-08 | Graf & Cie Ag | Method for hardening discrete identical elements integral with a common structure and regularly separated from each other and device for embodying this method |
JP2909774B2 (ja) | 1990-12-28 | 1999-06-23 | 金井 宏之 | 紡機用メタリックワイヤの熱処理方法 |
DE102006030418A1 (de) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Sägezahndraht zur Herstellung einer Sägezahnganzstahlgarnitur für eine Walze oder ein Kardierelement einer Spinnereimaschine wie Karde, Krempel, Reiniger, Öffner o. dgl. |
DE102014106574A1 (de) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Ganzstahlgarnitur |
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 US US18/263,937 patent/US20240102120A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-17 KR KR1020237028055A patent/KR20230137366A/ko unknown
- 2021-12-17 JP JP2023546321A patent/JP2024511694A/ja active Pending
- 2021-12-17 WO PCT/EP2021/086569 patent/WO2022167138A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-12-17 BR BR112023015488A patent/BR112023015488A2/pt unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2018793A1 (en) | 1970-04-20 | 1971-11-04 | Steigerwald Strahltech | Electron beam tool hardening |
US4109127A (en) * | 1973-07-25 | 1978-08-22 | Frank Frungel | Apparatus and method for case hardening steel tools by application of heating pulses |
JPS57106724A (en) * | 1980-12-25 | 1982-07-02 | Kanai Hiroyuki | Metallic card clothing and a method of hardening the same |
US4696080A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1987-09-29 | Kanai Juyo Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Metallic wire for spinning machinery and the method of manufacturing the same |
CH670455A5 (de) | 1985-01-07 | 1989-06-15 | Kanai Juyo Kogyo Kk | |
US4924062A (en) | 1988-02-02 | 1990-05-08 | Graf & Cie Ag | Method for hardening discrete identical elements integral with a common structure and regularly separated from each other and device for embodying this method |
JP2909774B2 (ja) | 1990-12-28 | 1999-06-23 | 金井 宏之 | 紡機用メタリックワイヤの熱処理方法 |
DE102006030418A1 (de) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG | Sägezahndraht zur Herstellung einer Sägezahnganzstahlgarnitur für eine Walze oder ein Kardierelement einer Spinnereimaschine wie Karde, Krempel, Reiniger, Öffner o. dgl. |
DE102014106574A1 (de) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Ganzstahlgarnitur |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20240102120A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
JP2024511694A (ja) | 2024-03-15 |
BR112023015488A2 (pt) | 2023-10-03 |
KR20230137366A (ko) | 2023-10-04 |
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