WO2022166031A1 - 基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法 - Google Patents

基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022166031A1
WO2022166031A1 PCT/CN2021/094258 CN2021094258W WO2022166031A1 WO 2022166031 A1 WO2022166031 A1 WO 2022166031A1 CN 2021094258 W CN2021094258 W CN 2021094258W WO 2022166031 A1 WO2022166031 A1 WO 2022166031A1
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Prior art keywords
heat
storage
heat storage
temperature
packed bed
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PCT/CN2021/094258
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢宁宁
孙长平
尹立坤
蔺新星
张翼
刘延超
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中国长江三峡集团有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202110165293.9A external-priority patent/CN112901462A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110165383.8A external-priority patent/CN112796981A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202120355877.8U external-priority patent/CN214403693U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202120337592.1U external-priority patent/CN214403913U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110165292.4A external-priority patent/CN112796980A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202120337744.8U external-priority patent/CN214403914U/zh
Application filed by 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 filed Critical 中国长江三峡集团有限公司
Publication of WO2022166031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166031A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and relates to a compressed air energy storage system and method based on a packed bed.
  • Compressed air energy storage is a large-scale physical energy storage technology - using air as the energy storage medium, when the electricity consumption is low, the abundant electricity can be converted into electrical energy in the form of high-pressure air through the conversion path of electrical energy-mechanical energy-molecular energy.
  • Large-scale physical storage converts the stored high-pressure air into electrical energy for external output through the conversion path of intramolecular energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy at the peak of electricity consumption.
  • Compressed air energy storage technology has the advantages of environmental friendliness, long service life, large capacity and safe operation.
  • compressed air energy storage technology can be divided into two types: supplementary combustion and non-supplementary combustion.
  • the supplementary combustion technology route is derived from the traditional supercharging theory of internal combustion engines, and decouples the continuous process of traditional gas turbine supercharging and expansion into two processes of air supercharging and turbine expansion.
  • the supplementary combustion energy storage system has high installed power and good economy.
  • At the current level of gas turbine technology its cycle efficiency can reach 42-55%, and its cycle efficiency is only about 20% after supplementary combustion.
  • the non-supplementary combustion type is based on independent high-performance compressed air energy storage and is developed on the basis of improving the thermal efficiency of the aerodynamic cycle.
  • This technical route abandons the combination with gas turbine technology, and adopts a dedicated air turbine technology system; and does not rely on the supplementary heat of fossil fuels, by fully recovering and storing the heat of compression, it is used for gas supplementary heating in the power generation process, reducing extra heat heat demand, thereby increasing the overall operating efficiency of the system.
  • the installed power of the non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage technology is moderate, the economy is moderate, and the cycle efficiency can reach 50-65%.
  • Patent CN105370408B and patent CN107299891B are compressed air energy storage methods that use non-supplementary combustion methods.
  • the heat storage range of the heat storage subsystem is relatively low, and water is used as the heat transfer medium and heat storage medium.
  • the investment cost can be reduced, but Because the considered heat storage temperature and heat release temperature are not high, the heat transferred to the air entering the turbine during the energy release process is low, and the overall efficiency of thermoelectric conversion needs to be improved.
  • a high temperature heat storage system is used, which can increase the air entering the turbine to a higher temperature during the energy release process, thereby improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the system, but the patent uses heat transfer oil as the heat transfer medium. and heat storage medium, the initial investment cost is high.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compressed air energy storage system and method based on a packed bed, which has a simple structure. Circuit connection.
  • a high-temperature heat exchanger is set in the exhaust pipeline between the gas storage system and the turbine system to be connected to the heat release circuit.
  • the heat storage circuit converts the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the compression system into low-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the gas storage system stores Low temperature and high pressure gas, the heat release circuit converts the low temperature and high pressure gas in the gas storage system into high temperature and high pressure gas to drive the turbine system to do work.
  • the solid heat storage materials in the heat device jointly complete the heat storage and heat release processes, and the heat conversion efficiency is high, which is conducive to cost reduction, safe and reliable, and simple to operate.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage system with high-efficiency heat storage performance, which includes a compression system, an air storage system, a heat storage system, a voltage stabilization system, and a permeability system.
  • the low temperature heat exchanger and the high temperature heat exchanger of the heat storage system are located in the exhaust pipeline of the compression system, and the two ends of the exhaust pipeline are respectively connected with the compressor and the turbine system; the storage system of the gas storage system
  • the gas tank is located in the exhaust pipeline between the low temperature heat exchanger and the high temperature heat exchanger and communicates with the exhaust pipeline; both the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit of the heat storage system are connected with the packed bed heat storage device; located in the packed bed A heat storage valve and a heat release valve are respectively set in the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit on both sides of the heat storage device;
  • the voltage stabilization system is connected with the packed bed heat storage device; the heat release valve is closed in the heat storage stage, and the heat storage valve is closed in the heat release stage. .
  • the compression system includes a discharge line connected to the discharge side of the compressor.
  • the gas storage system includes a gas storage tank, an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and the intake valve and the exhaust valve are respectively located on the intake side and the exhaust side of the gas storage tank and are connected to the exhaust pipeline.
  • the heat storage system includes a heat storage circuit and a heat release circuit connected to both ends of the packed bed pipeline of the packed bed heat storage device, and a liquid storage tank connected in series with the packed bed pipeline, a voltage stabilization system and the packed bed heat storage device.
  • the packed bed pipeline at the liquid inlet end is connected; the packed bed heat storage device is a spray structure or a split-flow structure, and is filled with solid heat storage materials.
  • the heat storage circuit includes a cryogenic shield pump and a cryogenic heat exchanger located between two heat storage valves.
  • the heat release circuit includes a high temperature canned pump and a high temperature heat exchanger located between two heat release valves.
  • the pressure-stabilizing system includes a pressure-stabilizing device and a gas flow regulating valve sequentially connected to the pressure-stabilizing pipeline.
  • the turbine system is an expander.
  • An expansion tank is connected between the heat release valve of the heat release circuit and the high temperature heat exchanger, and an expansion valve is arranged in the pipeline of the expansion tank.
  • the above-mentioned energy storage method for a non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage system with high-efficiency heat storage performance which includes the following steps:
  • S5 energy storage stage, use low valley electricity or renewable energy to drive the compressor to compress the air, convert the high temperature and high pressure air into low temperature and high pressure air and store it in the air storage tank;
  • the heat release valve is closed, the heat storage valve is opened, the low temperature shielding pump is started, and the liquid heat transfer medium in the liquid storage tank is transported to the low temperature heat exchanger, and the liquid heat transfer medium passing through the low temperature heat exchanger enters the packed bed storage
  • the heat storage device is then returned to the liquid storage tank to form a heat storage circuit; at this time, the packed bed heat storage device is in a low temperature state;
  • the heat release valve is opened, the high temperature shielding pump is started, and the high temperature shielding pump transports the high temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the liquid storage tank to the high temperature heat exchanger, and the high temperature heat exchanger converts the high temperature liquid heat transfer medium into a low temperature liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the heat medium, the low temperature liquid heat transfer medium enters and absorbs the heat in the packed bed heat storage device and returns to the liquid storage tank to form a heat release circuit;
  • the exhaust valve is opened, the low-temperature and high-pressure air in the air storage tank passes through the high-temperature heat exchanger along the exhaust pipeline to absorb heat, converts the low-temperature and high-pressure air into high-temperature and high-pressure air, and then enters the turbine system to drive the expander to do work;
  • a compressed air energy storage system and method based on a packed bed comprising a compression system, a gas storage system, a heat storage system, a voltage stabilization system and a turbine system, and through an exhaust pipeline between the gas storage system and the compressor
  • a low temperature heat exchanger is set in the middle to connect with the heat storage circuit
  • a high temperature heat exchanger is set in the exhaust pipeline between the gas storage system and the turbine system to connect with the heat release circuit, and the heat storage circuit converts the high temperature and high pressure gas of the compression system.
  • the gas storage system stores low temperature and high pressure gas
  • the heat release circuit converts the low temperature and high pressure gas of the gas storage system into high temperature and high pressure gas to drive the turbine system to do work, and circulates in the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit through the liquid heat transfer medium
  • the flow acts as a heat transfer medium, and completes the process of heat storage and heat release together with the solid heat storage material in the packed bed heat storage device.
  • the invention overcomes the problems that the original non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage system adopts the liquid heat transfer medium as the heat transfer medium and the heat storage medium, the cost is high, the working temperature and the working pressure range are small, the structure is simple, the heat conversion efficiency is high, and it is beneficial to Cost reduction, safety and reliability, and simple operation.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of filling granular solid heat storage material in the packed bed in the system of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the system diagram of adding a plurality of compressors, low temperature heat exchangers, high temperature heat exchangers and gas storage tanks in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a system diagram of adding a packed bed in Fig. 2;.
  • Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the packed bed in the system of the present invention is a spray structure packed bed
  • Figure 5 is a system diagram of adding a plurality of compressors, low temperature heat exchangers, high temperature heat exchangers and gas storage tanks in Figure 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a system diagram of adding a spray structure packed bed in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the packed bed in the system of the present invention is a split flow structure packed bed
  • Figure 8 is a system diagram of adding a plurality of compressors, low temperature heat exchangers, high temperature heat exchangers and gas storage tanks in Figure 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a system diagram of adding a split-flow structure packed bed in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is the structural schematic diagram of the spray structure packed bed of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a split-flow structured packed bed of the present invention.
  • compressor 11 exhaust pipeline 12, air storage tank 21, intake valve 22, exhaust valve 23, packed bed heat storage device 31, hollow orifice plate 311, channel unit 312, liquid storage tank 32, storage Heat valve 33, low temperature canned pump 34, low temperature heat exchanger 35, heat release valve 36, high temperature canned pump 37, high temperature heat exchanger 38, packed bed pipeline 39, pressure regulator pipeline 41, pressure regulator 42, gas flow Regulating valve 43, expansion machine 5, expansion tank 6, expansion valve 61.
  • a non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage system with efficient heat storage performance which includes a compression system, a gas storage system, a heat storage system, a voltage stabilization system and a turbine system;
  • the low temperature heat exchanger 35 and the high temperature heat exchanger 38 of the heat storage system are located in the exhaust pipe 12 of the compression system, and the two ends of the exhaust pipe 12 are respectively connected to the compressor 11 and the turbine system;
  • the gas storage tank 21 is located in the exhaust pipe 12 between the low temperature heat exchanger 35 and the high temperature heat exchanger 38 and communicates with the exhaust pipe 12;
  • the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit of the heat storage system are both heat storage with the packed bed
  • the device 31 is connected; the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit on both sides of the packed bed heat storage device 31 are respectively provided with a heat storage valve 33 and a heat release valve 36;
  • the voltage stabilization system is connected to the packed bed heat storage device 31;
  • the heat valve 36 is closed, and the heat storage valve 33 is closed during the heat release stage.
  • the structure is simple, and the low temperature heat exchanger 35 is arranged in the exhaust pipeline 12 between the gas storage system and the compressor 11 to be connected to the heat storage circuit, and the exhaust pipeline 12 between the gas storage system and the turbine system is connected to the heat storage circuit.
  • a high temperature heat exchanger 38 is arranged to be connected to the heat release circuit, the heat storage circuit converts the high temperature and high pressure gas of the compression system into a low temperature and high pressure gas, the gas storage system stores the low temperature and high pressure gas, and the heat release circuit converts the low temperature and high pressure gas of the gas storage system into a high temperature gas
  • the high-pressure gas drives the turbine system to do work, circulates the liquid heat transfer medium in the heat storage circuit and the heat release circuit as a heat transfer medium, and completes the heat storage and heat release process together with the solid heat storage material in the packed bed heat storage device 31 , High heat conversion efficiency, which is conducive to reducing costs, safe and reliable, and simple to operate.
  • the compression system includes an exhaust pipe 12 connected to the exhaust side of the compressor 11 .
  • the structure is simple.
  • the exhaust line 12 of the compressor 11 is communicated with the expander 5 of the turbine system; the high-temperature and high-pressure air discharged from the compressor 11 is converted into low-temperature high-pressure air and then enters the air storage system, and then enters the air storage system. Expander 5.
  • the number of the compressors 11 is one or more.
  • the gas storage system includes a gas storage tank 21 , an intake valve 22 and an exhaust valve 23 , and the intake valve 22 and the exhaust valve 23 are located on the side of the gas storage tank 21 respectively.
  • the intake side and the exhaust side are connected to the exhaust line 12 .
  • the structure is simple, and the two ends of the air storage tank 21 connected in series with the exhaust pipeline 12 are respectively provided with an intake valve 22 and an exhaust valve 23. When the gas is exhausted, the intake valve 22 is closed.
  • the gas storage tank 21 is a pressure vessel, or a salt cavern and a ore cave volume, and the working pressure of the gas storage tank 21 is normal pressure to 15MPa.
  • the material of the inner shell of the packed bed heat storage device, liquid storage tank and liquid expansion tank is stainless steel, aluminum or titanium metal material, or ceramic heat-resistant and resistant Corrosive non-metallic materials, the outer shell of which is stainless steel, carbon steel or aluminum alloy, or ceramic or high-temperature concrete, filled with thermal insulation material between the inner shell and the outer shell.
  • the number of the gas storage tanks 21 is one or more.
  • the heat storage system includes a heat storage circuit and a heat release circuit connected to both ends of the packed bed pipeline 39 of the packed bed heat storage device 31 , and a heat storage circuit connected to the packed bed pipeline 39
  • the liquid storage tank 32 connected in series, the pressure stabilization system is connected with the packed bed pipeline 39 at the liquid inlet end of the packed bed heat storage device 31; as shown in Figures 4 to 11, the packed bed heat storage device 31 is of a spray type structure or Split flow structure filled with solid heat storage material.
  • the structure is simple, when in use, in the energy storage stage, the heat storage circuit is used to absorb the heat in the compression system and store it; in the energy release stage, the heat release circuit is used to release the heat stored in the heat storage system; the packed bed heat storage device 31 is filled with After the solid heat storage material, the pressure stabilization system empties the air in the heat storage system.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium passes through the hollow orifice 311 from top to bottom to form a rain screen and enters the packed bed heat storage device 31 , the liquid heat transfer medium rain curtain is in contact with the granular solid heat storage medium.
  • the dense rain curtain forms a large area and has a large contact area with the granular solid heat storage medium. Under the action of gravity, it flows through the gap between the solid heat storage medium to fill At the bottom of the bed, heat exchange occurs with the solid heat storage medium in the process, and the heat transfer efficiency is high.
  • the packed bed heat storage device 31 is a spray structure
  • a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the hollow orifice plate 311 , and the liquid heat transfer medium passes through the hollow from top to bottom.
  • the orifice plate 311 and the shower head form raindrops and rain curtains into the packed bed heat storage device 31, and form raindrops and rain curtains in combination with the granular solid heat storage medium to further improve the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the liquid heat transfer medium passes through the hollow orifice 311 from top to bottom to form a rain screen and enters the packed bed heat storage device 31 .
  • the channel unit 312 divides the flow and contacts with the granular solid heat storage medium, fully and uniformly contacts with the granular solid heat storage medium, uniformly distributed contact, high heat exchange efficiency and high heat exchange intensity.
  • the channel unit 312 is an equilateral triangle or a polygonal cylindrical hollow structure with open ends, and is vertically arranged in the packed bed storage unit.
  • the granular solid heat storage medium is located inside and outside the channel unit 312 .
  • the channel unit 312 is a single or multiple straight or curved dense pipes, and the granular solid heat storage medium is located in the pipes.
  • a plurality of dense holes are arranged on the pipe wall, the liquid heat transfer medium overflowing from the dense holes is in contact with the granular solid heat storage medium, and mutual penetration is formed between adjacent pipes, so that the solid in the packed bed heat storage device 31
  • the heat absorption of the heat storage medium tends to be synchronous, and the heat storage efficiency is high. It is suitable for the core heat storage device of the solar thermal power generation system with large capacity, large temperature range and medium and high temperature.
  • the packed bed heat storage device 31 is filled with solid heat storage material, and the solid heat storage material is granular or porous rock, ore, slag, concrete, refractory brick, ceramic ball or metal , has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, high heat storage density per unit volume and low cost.
  • voids are formed between the solid heat storage materials in the packed bed heat storage device 31, and when the liquid heat transfer medium passes through, heat is conducted to the solid heat storage materials, so that the packed bed heat storage device The amount of liquid heat transfer medium required in 31 is greatly reduced.
  • the heat storage temperature is from room temperature to 400° C.
  • the working pressure is from normal pressure to 10 Mpa.
  • the stabilizing gas in the stabilizing system is air, nitrogen, helium or argon.
  • the number of the packed bed heat storage devices 31 is one or more.
  • the heat storage circuit includes a low temperature shield pump 34 and a low temperature heat exchanger 35 located between two heat storage valves 33 .
  • the structure is simple. In the heat storage stage, the heat release valve 36 is closed, the heat storage valve 33 is opened, the low temperature shielding pump 34 is started, the low temperature shielding pump 34 drives the liquid heat transfer medium to circulate in the heat storage circuit, and the low temperature heat exchanger 35 absorbs the compression system. The heat in the medium is then transferred to the liquid heat transfer medium, and the low temperature liquid heat transfer medium is converted into a high temperature liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the number of the low-temperature heat exchangers 35 is one or more.
  • the heat release circuit includes a high temperature shield pump 37 and a high temperature heat exchanger 38 located between two heat release valves 36 .
  • the structure is simple, in the energy release stage, the heat storage valve 33 is closed, the heat release valve 36 is opened, the high temperature shielding pump 37 is started, the high temperature shielding pump 37 drives the high temperature liquid heat transfer medium to circulate in the heat releasing circuit, and the high temperature heat exchanger 38 absorbs the high temperature The heat of the liquid heat transfer medium is then transferred to the exhaust pipe 12 .
  • the number of the high temperature heat exchangers 38 is one or more.
  • the pressure-stabilizing system includes a pressure-stabilizing device 42 and a gas flow regulating valve 43 connected to the pressure-stabilizing pipeline 41 in sequence.
  • the structure is simple. Before the liquid heat transfer medium is injected into the heat storage system, the gas flow control valve 43 is opened to exhaust the air in the heat storage system, and then the size of the gas flow control valve 43 is adjusted to set the pressure value of the voltage stabilizer 42 .
  • the turbine system is an expander 5 .
  • the high-temperature and low-pressure air discharged from the gas storage tank 21 is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger 38 to form high-temperature and high-pressure air, which enters the expander 5 and drives the expander 5 to do work.
  • an expansion tank 6 is connected between the heat release valve 36 of the heat release circuit and the high temperature heat exchanger 38 , and an expansion valve 61 is provided in the pipeline of the expansion tank 6 .
  • the structure is simple, and the expansion tank 6 is used to inject the liquid heat transfer medium into the heat storage system, and prevent the volume expansion from affecting the pipeline during the temperature rise of the liquid heat transfer medium.
  • the number of expansion tanks 6 is multiple, which are respectively provided in the heat storage circuit or the heat release circuit; the multiple expansion tanks 6 are not shown in the figure.
  • the energy storage method for a non-supplementary combustion compressed air energy storage system with high-efficiency heat storage performance includes the following steps:
  • the heat release valve 36 is closed, the heat storage valve 33 is opened, the low temperature shielding pump 34 is started, and the liquid heat transfer medium in the liquid storage tank 32 is transported to the low temperature heat exchanger 35, and the liquid heat transfer medium through the low temperature heat exchanger 35 is transferred.
  • the heat medium enters the packed bed heat storage device 31 and then returns to the liquid storage tank 32 to form a heat storage circuit; at this time, the packed bed heat storage device 31 is in a low temperature state;
  • the heat release valve 36 is opened, the high temperature shielding pump 37 is started, and the high temperature shielding pump 37 transports the high temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the liquid storage tank 32 to the high temperature heat exchanger 38, and the high temperature heat exchanger 38 transfers the high temperature liquid heat transfer medium
  • the medium is converted into a low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, and the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium then enters and absorbs the heat in the packed bed heat storage device 31 and returns to the liquid storage tank 32 to form a heat release circuit;

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Abstract

一种基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法，它包括压缩系统、储气系统、蓄热系统、稳压系统和透平系统，通过在储气系统与压缩机之间的排气管路中设置低温换热器与储热回路连接，在储气系统与透平系统之间的排气管路中设置高温换热器与释热回路连接，储热回路将压缩系统的高温高压气体转换成低温高压气体，储气系统储存低温高压气体，释热回路将储气系统的低温高压气体转换成高温高压气体驱动透平系统做功，通过液态传热介质在储热回路和释热回路中循环流动作为传热介质，与填充床蓄热装置内的固体蓄热材料共同完成蓄热及释热过程，具有结构简单，热转换效率高，有利于降低成本，安全可靠，操作简单的特点。

Description

基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于储能技术领域，涉及一种基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法。
背景技术
压缩空气储能是一种大规模物理储能技术——采用空气作为储能介质，在用电低谷时可将富裕的电通过电能-机械能-分子内能的转化路径实现电能以高压空气的形式大规模物理存储，在用电高峰时通过分子内能-机械能-电能的转化路径，把储存起来的高压空气转化为电能对外输出。压缩空气储能技术具有环境友好、使用寿命长、容量大及操作安全等优点。
压缩空气储能技术目前可以分为补燃式和非补燃式两类。补燃式技术路线脱胎于传统的内燃机增压理论，将传统燃气轮机增压膨胀的连续过程进行解耦变为空气增压和透平膨胀两个过程。补燃式储能系统装机功率大，经济性好，以当时的燃气轮机技术水平其循环效率可达42-55％，除去补燃其循环效率只有20％左右。而非补燃式是以独立的高性能压缩空气储能为出发点，以提高针对空气动力循环热效率为基础展开的。该技术路线摒弃与燃气轮机技术的结合，采用专用的空气透平技术体系；并且不依赖化石燃料的补热，通过充分回收压缩热并进行储存，在发电过程中为气体补热升温所用，减少额外热量需求，从而提高系统整体的运行效率。非补燃式压缩空气储能技术装机功率适中，经济性适中，循环效率可达50-65％。
专利CN105370408B及专利CN107299891B都是采用非补燃方式的压缩空气储能方式，其中蓄热子系统的蓄热范围较低，采用水作为传热介质和蓄热介质，虽然可以降低出投资成本，但是因为考虑的蓄热温度和释热温度不高，在释能过程中传递给进入透平的空气的热量较低，热电转化的整体效率有待提高。而专利CN107299891B中是采用高温蓄热系统，能够在释能过程中使进入透平的空气提高到更高的温度，从而提高系统的热电转化效率，但是该专利中是采用导热油作为传热介质和蓄热介质，初投资成本高昂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法，结构简单，采用在储气系统与压缩机之间的排气管路中设置低温换热器与储热回路连 接，在储气系统与透平系统之间的排气管路中设置高温换热器与释热回路连接，储热回路将压缩系统的高温高压气体转换成低温高压气体，储气系统储存低温高压气体，释热回路将储气系统的低温高压气体转换成高温高压气体驱动透平系统做功，液态传热介质在储热回路和释热回路中循环流动作为传热介质，与填充床蓄热装置内的固体蓄热材料共同完成蓄热及释热过程，热转换效率高，有利于降低成本，安全可靠，操作简单。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，它包括压缩系统、储气系统、蓄热系统、稳压系统和透平系统；所述蓄热系统的低温换热器和高温换热器位于压缩系统的排气管路中，排气管路的两端分别与压缩机和透平系统连接；储气系统的储气罐位于低温换热器和高温换热器之间的排气管路中与排气管路连通；蓄热系统的储热回路和释热回路皆与填充床蓄热装置连接；位于填充床蓄热装置两侧的储热回路和释热回路中分别设置储热阀和释热阀；稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置连接；储热阶段释热阀关闭，释热阶段储热阀关闭。
所述压缩系统包括与压缩机排气侧连接的排气管路。
所述储气系统包储气罐、进气阀和排气阀，进气阀和排气阀分别位于储气罐的进气侧和排气侧与排气管路连接。
所述蓄热系统包括与填充床蓄热装置的填充床管路两端连接的储热回路和释热回路，以及与填充床管路串联的储液罐，稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置进液端的填充床管路连接；所述填充床蓄热装置为喷淋式结构或分流式结构，其内填充固体蓄热材料。
所述储热回路包括位于两个储热阀之间的低温屏蔽泵和低温换热器。
所述释热回路包括位于两个释热阀之间的高温屏蔽泵和高温换热器。
所述稳压系统包括与稳压管路中依次连接的稳压装置和气体流量调节阀。
所述透平系统为膨胀机。
所述释热回路的释热阀与高温换热器之间连接有膨胀槽，膨胀槽的管路中设置膨胀阀。
如上所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统的储能方法，它包括如下步骤：
S1，填料，将单位体积蓄热密度大的蓄热球或石子的蓄热材料装入填充床蓄热装置内密封，关闭排料阀；
S2，除气，打开气体流量调节阀，利用稳压装置对蓄热系统除气，将蓄热系统中的空气排尽；
S3，注入传热介质，将液态传热介质直接注入储液罐内；或者将液态传热介质注入膨胀槽后进入释热回路流入到储液罐内；
S4，压力调节，调节气体流量调节阀，对子填充床蓄热装置进行加压至设定工作压力；
S5，储能阶段，利用低谷电或可再生能源电驱动压缩机对空气进行压缩，将高温高压空气转换成低温高压空气储存于储气罐中；
S5-1，释热阀关闭，储热阀打开，低温屏蔽泵启动，将储液罐里面的液态传热介质输送至低温换热器，经过低温换热器的液态传热介质进入填充床蓄热装置内后再回流至储液罐内形成储热回路；此时，填充床蓄热装置处于低温状态；
S5-2，释热阀和排气阀关闭，压缩机启动，压缩后的高温高压空气沿排气管路进入低温换热器与其充分接触，低温换热器吸收热量并传导给液态传热介质，液态传热介质在储热回路中不断循环，液态传热介质经过填充床蓄热装置后对填充床蓄热装置内的固体蓄热介质进行加温；高温高压空气经过低温换热器后转换成低温高压空气沿排气管路进入储气罐内储存；
S5-3，当填充床蓄热装置内部的固体蓄热材料全部蓄热完毕，或者储气罐内的低温高压空气达到设定容量及压力值时，储能过程结束；储热阀、低温屏蔽泵、压缩机和进气阀关闭；
S6，释能阶段，在用电高峰期，释放储气罐内的低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气输送给膨胀机做功；
S6-1，释热阀打开，高温屏蔽泵启动，高温屏蔽泵将储液罐里面的高温液态传热介质输送至高温换热器，高温换热器将高温液态传热介质转换成低温液态传热介质，低温液态传热介质再进入并吸收填充床蓄热装置内热量回流至储液罐内形成释热回路；
S6-2，排气阀打开，储气罐内的低温高压空气沿排气管路经过高温换热器吸收热量，将低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气，再进入透平系统驱动膨胀机做功；
S6-3，当填充床蓄热装置内部的固体蓄热材料全部释热完毕或储气罐内的低温高压空气释放达到设定值时，释能过程结束。
一种基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法，它包括压缩系统、储气系统、蓄热系统、稳压系统和透平系统，通过在储气系统与压缩机之间的排气管路中设置低温换热器与储热回路连接，在储气系统与透平系统之间的排气管路中设置高温换热器与释热回路连接，储热回路将压缩系统的高温高压气体转换成低温高压气体，储气系统储存低温高压气体，释热回路将储气系统的低温高压气体转换成高温高压气体驱动透平系统做功，通过液态传热介质在储热回路和释热回路中循环流动作为传热介质，与填充床蓄热装置内的固体蓄热材料共同完成蓄热及释热过程。本发明克服了原非补燃压缩空气储能系统采用液态传热介质作为传热介质和蓄热介质成本高，工作温度和工作压力范围小的问题，具有结构简单，热转换效率高，有利于降低成本，安全可靠，操作简单的特点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
图1为本发明系统中的填充床内填充颗粒状固体蓄热材料的结构示意图；
图2为图1中增加多个压缩机、低温换热器、高温换热器和储气罐的系统图；
图3为图2中增加一个填充床的系统图；。
图4为本发明系统中的填充床为喷淋式结构填充床的示意图；
图5为图4中增加多个压缩机、低温换热器、高温换热器和储气罐的系统图；
图6为图5中增加一个喷淋式结构填充床的系统图；
图7为本发明系统中的填充床为分流式结构填充床的示意图；
图8为图7中增加多个压缩机、低温换热器、高温换热器和储气罐的系统图；
图9为图8中增加一个分流式结构填充床的系统图；
图10为本发明喷淋式结构填充床的结构示意图；
图11为本发明分流式结构填充床的结构示意图。
图中：压缩机11，排气管路12，储气罐21，进气阀22，排气阀23，填充床蓄热装置31，镂空孔板311，通道单元312，储液罐32，储热阀33，低温屏蔽泵34，低温换热器35，释热阀36，高温屏蔽泵37，高温换热器38，填充床管路39，稳压管路41，稳压装置42，气体流量调节阀43，膨胀机5，膨胀槽6，膨胀阀61。
具体实施方式
如图1、图4和图7中，一种具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，它 包括压缩系统、储气系统、蓄热系统、稳压系统和透平系统；所述蓄热系统的低温换热器35和高温换热器38位于压缩系统的排气管路12中，排气管路12的两端分别与压缩机11和透平系统连接；储气系统的储气罐21位于低温换热器35和高温换热器38之间的排气管路12中与排气管路12连通；蓄热系统的储热回路和释热回路皆与填充床蓄热装置31连接；位于填充床蓄热装置31两侧的储热回路和释热回路中分别设置储热阀33和释热阀36；稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置31连接；储热阶段释热阀36关闭，释热阶段储热阀33关闭。结构简单，通过在储气系统与压缩机11之间的排气管路12中设置低温换热器35与储热回路连接，在储气系统与透平系统之间的排气管路12中设置高温换热器38与释热回路连接，储热回路将压缩系统的高温高压气体转换成低温高压气体，储气系统储存低温高压气体，释热回路将储气系统的低温高压气体转换成高温高压气体驱动透平系统做功，通过液态传热介质在储热回路和释热回路中循环流动作为传热介质，与填充床蓄热装置31内的固体蓄热材料共同完成蓄热及释热过程，热转换效率高，有利于降低成本，安全可靠，操作简单。
优选的方案中，如图1、图4、图7中，所述压缩系统包括与压缩机11排气侧连接的排气管路12。结构简单，使用时，压缩机11的排气管路12与透平系统的膨胀机5连通；压缩机11排出的高温高压空气转换成低温高压空气后进入储气系统，再从储气系统进入膨胀机5。
优选地，如图1～图9中，所述压缩机11的数量为一个或多个。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述储气系统包储气罐21、进气阀22和排气阀23，进气阀22和排气阀23分别位于储气罐21的进气侧和排气侧与排气管路12连接。结构简单，与排气管路12串联的储气罐21两端分别设置进气阀22和排气阀23，在储气罐21储气时，排气阀23关闭，在储气罐21排气时，进气阀22关闭。
优选地，如图1～图11中，储气罐21为压力容器，或者为盐穴及矿穴容积体，储气罐21的工作压力为常压至15MPa。
优选地，如图1～图11中，填充床蓄热装置、储液罐、液体膨胀槽在内保温条件下，其内壳的材料为不锈钢、铝或钛的金属材料，或陶瓷耐热耐腐蚀的非金属材料，其外壳材料为不锈钢、碳钢或铝合金，或陶瓷或高温混凝土，位于内壳和外壳之间填充保温材料。
优选地，如图1～图9中，所述储气罐21的数量为一个或多个。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述蓄热系统包括与填充床蓄热装置31的填充床管路39两端连接的储热回路和释热回路，以及与填充床管路39串联的储液罐32，稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置31进液端的填充床管路39连接；如图4～图11中，所述填充床蓄热装置31为喷淋式结构或分流式结构，其内填充固体蓄热材料。结构简单，使用时，储能阶段，储热回路用于吸收压缩系统中的热量并储存；释能阶段，释热回路用于释放蓄热系统中储存的热量；填充床蓄热装置31在填充固体蓄热材料后，稳压系统排空蓄热系统中的空气。
优选地，如图4～图6、图10中，填充床蓄热装置31为喷淋式结构时，液态传热介质从上向下经过镂空孔板311形成雨幕进入填充床蓄热装置31内，液态传热介质雨幕与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触，致密的雨幕形成的面积较大、与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触面积大，在重力作用下，通过固体蓄热介质间空隙流至填充床底部，在此过程中与固体蓄热介质发生热交换，热传递效率高。
优选地，如图4～图6、图10中，填充床蓄热装置31为喷淋式结构时，位于镂空孔板311上设置多个喷淋头，液态传热介质从上向下经过镂空孔板311和喷淋头形成雨滴和雨幕进入填充床蓄热装置31内，形成雨滴和雨幕结合与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触，进一步提高热传递效率。
优选地，如图7～图9、图11中，填充床蓄热装置31为分流式结构时，液态传热介质从上向下经过镂空孔板311形成雨幕进入填充床蓄热装置31内的通道单元312进行分流与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触，充分均匀地与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触，均匀性分布接触，热交换效率高，热交换强度高。
优选地，如图7～图9、图11中，填充床蓄热装置31为分流式结构时，通道单元312为两端开口的正三角形或多边形的柱状中空结构，竖直布设于填充床蓄热装置31的罐体内，颗粒状固体蓄热介质位于通道单元312内外。
优选地，如图7～图9、图11中，填充床蓄热装置31为分流式结构时，通道单元312为单根或多根直线或曲线的密布管道，颗粒状固体蓄热介质位于管道外，位于管壁上设置多个致密孔，从致密孔溢出的液态传热介质与颗粒状固体蓄热介质接触，且相邻管道之间形成相互渗透，使填充床蓄热装置31内的固体蓄热介质吸热趋于同步，蓄热效率高，适用于容量大、温度范围大、中高温太阳能热发电系统的核心蓄热器件。
优选地，如图1～图11中，填充床蓄热装置31内填充固体蓄热材料，固体蓄热 材料为颗粒状或多孔状的岩石、矿石、矿渣、混凝土、耐火砖、陶瓷球或金属，具有导热性能高、单位体积蓄热密度大、成本低的特点。
优选地，如图1～图11中，填充床蓄热装置31内的固体蓄热材料之间形成空隙，当液态传热介质通过时将热量传导给固体蓄热材料，使得填充床蓄热装置31内所需液态传热介质量大大减少。
优选地，如图1～图11中，蓄热温度为室温至400℃，工作压力为常压至10Mpa。
优选地，如图1～图11中，稳压系统中的稳压气体为空气、氮气、氦气或氩气。
优选地，如图1～图9中，所述填充床蓄热装置31的数量为一个或多个。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述储热回路包括位于两个储热阀33之间的低温屏蔽泵34和低温换热器35。结构简单，储热阶段，释热阀36关闭，储热阀33打开，低温屏蔽泵34启动，低温屏蔽泵34驱动液态传热介质在储热回路中循环流动，低温换热器35吸收压缩系统中的热量后传导给液态传热介质，将低温液态传热介质转换成高温液态传热介质。
优选地，如图1～图9中，所述低温换热器35的数量为一个或多个。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述释热回路包括位于两个释热阀36之间的高温屏蔽泵37和高温换热器38。结构简单，释能阶段，储热阀33关闭，释热阀36打开，高温屏蔽泵37启动，高温屏蔽泵37驱动高温液态传热介质在释热回路中循环流动，高温换热器38吸收高温液态传热介质的热量，再将热量传导给排气管路12。
优选地，如图1～图9中，所述高温换热器38的数量为一个或多个。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述稳压系统包括与稳压管路41中依次连接的稳压装置42和气体流量调节阀43。结构简单，在液态传热介质注入蓄热系统前，打开气体流量调节阀43，将蓄热系统中的空气排尽，再调节气体流量调节阀43大小，设定稳压装置42的压力值。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述透平系统为膨胀机5。使用时，从储气罐21排出的高温低压空气经过高温换热器38加热后形成高温高压空气进入膨胀机5，驱动膨胀机5做功。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述释热回路的释热阀36与高温换热器38之间连接有膨胀槽6，膨胀槽6的管路中设置膨胀阀61。结构简单，膨胀槽6用于向蓄热系统注入液态传热介质，且防止在液态传热介质温度上升过程中体积膨胀对管道带 来影响。
优选地，膨胀槽6的数量为多个，分别设置于储热回路或释热回路中；多个膨胀槽6图中未示出。
优选的方案中，如图1～图9中，所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统的储能方法，它包括如下步骤：
S1，填料，将单位体积蓄热密度大的蓄热球或石子的蓄热材料装入填充床蓄热装置31内密封，关闭排料阀；
S2，除气，打开气体流量调节阀43，利用稳压装置42对蓄热系统除气，将蓄热系统中的空气排尽；
S3，注入传热介质，将液态传热介质直接注入储液罐32内；或者将液态传热介质注入膨胀槽6后进入释热回路流入到储液罐32内；
S4，压力调节，调节气体流量调节阀43，对子填充床蓄热装置31进行加压至设定工作压力；
S5，储能阶段，利用低谷电或可再生能源电驱动压缩机11对空气进行压缩，将高温高压空气转换成低温高压空气储存于储气罐21中；
S5-1，释热阀36关闭，储热阀33打开，低温屏蔽泵34启动，将储液罐32里面的液态传热介质输送至低温换热器35，经过低温换热器35的液态传热介质进入填充床蓄热装置31内后再回流至储液罐32内形成储热回路；此时，填充床蓄热装置31处于低温状态；
S5-2，释热阀36和排气阀23关闭，压缩机11启动，压缩后的高温高压空气沿排气管路12进入低温换热器35与其充分接触，低温换热器35吸收热量并传导给液态传热介质，液态传热介质在储热回路中不断循环，液态传热介质经过填充床蓄热装置31后对填充床蓄热装置31内的固体蓄热介质进行加温；高温高压空气经过低温换热器35后转换成低温高压空气沿排气管路12进入储气罐21内储存；
S5-3，当填充床蓄热装置31内部的固体蓄热材料全部蓄热完毕，或者储气罐21内的低温高压空气达到设定容量及压力值时，储能过程结束；储热阀33、低温屏蔽泵34、压缩机11和进气阀22关闭；
S6，释能阶段，在用电高峰期，释放储气罐21内的低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气输送给膨胀机5做功；
S6-1，释热阀36打开，高温屏蔽泵37启动，高温屏蔽泵37将储液罐32里面的高温液态传热介质输送至高温换热器38，高温换热器38将高温液态传热介质转换成低温液态传热介质，低温液态传热介质再进入并吸收填充床蓄热装置31内热量回流至储液罐32内形成释热回路；
S6-2，排气阀23打开，储气罐21内的低温高压空气沿排气管路12经过高温换热器38吸收热量，将低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气，再进入透平系统驱动膨胀机5做功；
S6-3，当填充床蓄热装置31内部的固体蓄热材料全部释热完毕或储气罐21内的低温高压空气释放达到设定值时，释能过程结束。
上述的实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案，而不应视为对于本发明的限制，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征在不冲突的情况下，可以相互任意组合。本发明的保护范围应以权利要求记载的技术方案，包括权利要求记载的技术方案中技术特征的等同替换方案为保护范围。即在此范围内的等同替换改进，也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：它包括压缩系统、储气系统、蓄热系统、稳压系统和透平系统；所述蓄热系统的低温换热器(35)和高温换热器(38)位于压缩系统的排气管路(12)中，排气管路(12)的两端分别与压缩机(11)和透平系统连接；储气系统的储气罐(21)位于低温换热器(35)和高温换热器(38)之间的排气管路(12)中与排气管路(12)连通；蓄热系统的储热回路和释热回路皆与填充床蓄热装置(31)连接；位于填充床蓄热装置(31)两侧的储热回路和释热回路中分别设置储热阀(33)和释热阀(36)；稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置(31)连接；储热阶段释热阀(36)关闭，释热阶段储热阀(33)关闭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述压缩系统包括与压缩机(11)排气侧连接的排气管路(12)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述储气系统包储气罐(21)、进气阀(22)和排气阀(23)，进气阀(22)和排气阀(23)分别位于储气罐(21)的进气侧和排气侧与排气管路(12)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述蓄热系统包括与填充床蓄热装置(31)的填充床管路(39)两端连接的储热回路和释热回路，以及与填充床管路(39)串联的储液罐(32)，稳压系统与填充床蓄热装置(31)进液端的填充床管路(39)连接；所述填充床蓄热装置(31)为喷淋式结构或分流式结构，其内填充固体蓄热材料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述储热回路包括位于两个储热阀(33)之间的低温屏蔽泵(34)和低温换热器(35)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述释热回路包括位于两个释热阀(36)之间的高温屏蔽泵(37)和高温换热器(38)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述稳压系统包括与稳压管路(41)中依次连接的稳压装置(42)和气体流量调节阀(43)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特 征是：所述透平系统为膨胀机(5)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统，其特征是：所述释热回路的释热阀(36)与高温换热器(38)之间连接有膨胀槽(6)，膨胀槽(6)的管路中设置膨胀阀(61)。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的具有高效储热性能的非补燃压缩空气储能系统的储能方法，其特征是，它包括如下步骤：
    S1，填料，将单位体积蓄热密度大的蓄热球或石子的蓄热材料装入填充床蓄热装置(31)内密封，关闭排料阀；
    S2，除气，打开气体流量调节阀(43)，利用稳压装置(42)对蓄热系统除气，将蓄热系统中的空气排尽；
    S3，注入传热介质，将液态传热介质直接注入储液罐(32)内；或者将液态传热介质注入膨胀槽(6)后进入释热回路流入到储液罐(32)内；
    S4，压力调节，调节气体流量调节阀(43)，对子填充床蓄热装置(31)进行加压至设定工作压力；
    S5，储能阶段，利用低谷电或可再生能源电驱动压缩机(11)对空气进行压缩，将高温高压空气转换成低温高压空气储存于储气罐(21)中；
    S5-1，释热阀(36)关闭，储热阀(33)打开，低温屏蔽泵(34)启动，将储液罐(32)里面的液态传热介质输送至低温换热器(35)，经过低温换热器(35)的液态传热介质进入填充床蓄热装置(31)内后再回流至储液罐(32)内形成储热回路；此时，填充床蓄热装置(31)处于低温状态；
    S5-2，释热阀(36)和排气阀(23)关闭，压缩机(11)启动，压缩后的高温高压空气沿排气管路(12)进入低温换热器(35)与其充分接触，低温换热器(35)吸收热量并传导给液态传热介质，液态传热介质在储热回路中不断循环，液态传热介质经过填充床蓄热装置(31)后对填充床蓄热装置(31)内的固体蓄热介质进行加温；高温高压空气经过低温换热器(35)后转换成低温高压空气沿排气管路(12)进入储气罐(21)内储存；
    S5-3，当填充床蓄热装置(31)内部的固体蓄热材料全部蓄热完毕，或者储气罐(21)内的低温高压空气达到设定容量及压力值时，储能过程结束；储热阀(33)、低温屏蔽泵(34)、压缩机(11)和进气阀(22)关闭；
    S6，释能阶段，在用电高峰期，释放储气罐(21)内的低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气输送给膨胀机(5)做功；
    S6-1，释热阀(36)打开，高温屏蔽泵(37)启动，高温屏蔽泵(37)将储液罐(32)里面的高温液态传热介质输送至高温换热器(38)，高温换热器(38)将高温液态传热介质转换成低温液态传热介质，低温液态传热介质再进入并吸收填充床蓄热装置(31)内热量回流至储液罐(32)内形成释热回路；
    S6-2，排气阀(23)打开，储气罐(21)内的低温高压空气沿排气管路(12)经过高温换热器(38)吸收热量，将低温高压空气转换成高温高压空气，再进入透平系统驱动膨胀机(5)做功；
    S6-3，当填充床蓄热装置(31)内部的固体蓄热材料全部释热完毕或储气罐(21)内的低温高压空气释放达到设定值时，释能过程结束。
PCT/CN2021/094258 2021-02-06 2021-05-18 基于填充床的压缩空气储能系统及方法 WO2022166031A1 (zh)

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CN116292200A (zh) * 2023-01-13 2023-06-23 清华大学 光热、压缩空气、有机朗肯循环综合能源系统
CN117267092A (zh) * 2023-07-31 2023-12-22 安徽华赛能源科技有限公司 硐室型压缩空气储能系统及控制方法
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CN116292200A (zh) * 2023-01-13 2023-06-23 清华大学 光热、压缩空气、有机朗肯循环综合能源系统
CN116292200B (zh) * 2023-01-13 2024-06-11 清华大学 光热、压缩空气、有机朗肯循环综合能源系统
CN117267092A (zh) * 2023-07-31 2023-12-22 安徽华赛能源科技有限公司 硐室型压缩空气储能系统及控制方法
CN117353351A (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-01-05 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 源网荷储一体化的楼宇负荷侧综合储能系统
CN117353351B (zh) * 2023-12-06 2024-04-02 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 源网荷储一体化的楼宇负荷侧综合储能系统

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