WO2022165872A1 - 一种针对毫米波3d mimo信道的路径参数提取方法 - Google Patents

一种针对毫米波3d mimo信道的路径参数提取方法 Download PDF

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WO2022165872A1
WO2022165872A1 PCT/CN2021/077570 CN2021077570W WO2022165872A1 WO 2022165872 A1 WO2022165872 A1 WO 2022165872A1 CN 2021077570 W CN2021077570 W CN 2021077570W WO 2022165872 A1 WO2022165872 A1 WO 2022165872A1
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path
channel
parameters
angle
parameter
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廖希
黄晨曦
王洋
车延庭
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重庆邮电大学
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a path parameter extraction method for a millimeter wave 3D MIMO channel.
  • the joint estimation methods for 2D or 3D spatial angle and time delay can be divided into three categories: spectral estimation, estimation based on parameter subspace, and deterministic parameter estimation.
  • the multiple signal classification algorithm proposed by Schmidt et al. finds the angle corresponding to the spectral peak by forming the spatial spectrum, which greatly improves the angular resolution, but the algorithm is very sensitive to the rank of the coherent signal subspace, and needs to be decomposed before the eigenvalue. Perform decoherence processing. Paulraj et al.
  • the parameter extraction algorithm proposed in the above literature can effectively estimate the multipath parameters of the time-domain measurement data. If it is directly used to extract the millimeter-wave broadband wireless channel data measured by the vector network analyzer, it will increase the algorithm complexity to a certain extent. .
  • Laurensonl et al. adopted the serial interference cancellation technology instead of the parallel interference cancellation technology of the SAGE algorithm, and proposed the frequency domain SAGE algorithm to realize the estimation of the multipath complex amplitude, time delay, and horizontal angle of arrival.
  • Matthalou et al. added the frequency domain SAGE algorithm to estimate the horizontal departure angle, but still did not fully consider the three-dimensional space angle.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a path parameter extraction method for a millimeter wave 3D MIMO channel, so as to improve the accuracy and resolution of parameter estimation.
  • the measurement data of the millimeter-wave 3D-MIMO wireless channel is obtained, and then the received signal model in the frequency domain and the steering vector of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna are improved to make it suitable for the transmission channel with the antenna array and the receiving end with a single antenna.
  • the joint estimation problem of multi-dimensional path delay angle into three subspace estimation problems: delay, horizontal angle and vertical pitch angle of the transmitter, and horizontal angle and vertical pitch angle of the receiver.
  • the millimeter wave 3D-MIMO channel is applied to the millimeter wave 3D-MIMO channel to realize the joint estimation of multi-user delay and three-dimensional spatial angle information.
  • the multi-path clustering characteristics are analyzed, and the intra-cluster delay spread is obtained. with the angular extension feature.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides the following path parameter extraction method for a millimeter wave 3D MIMO channel, namely an improved three-dimensional frequency domain SAGE (FD-SAGE, frequency domain SAGE) algorithm:
  • the transmitting end uses a virtual uniform plane multi-antenna array constructed by vertically polarized biconical omnidirectional antennas, the number of arrays is M, and the receiving end is an omnidirectional antenna.
  • the impulse response function of the channel is integrated into the channel matrix using the weighting method under the direction vector, and the integrated channel frequency domain response matrix is modeled as:
  • X, Y, Z represent the number of array elements of the antenna array in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis directions, respectively, is the complex weight of the propagation channel when the receive antenna is aligned with the origin, Represents the propagation delay of the array element relative to the origin, c represents the speed of light, and f and K represent the measured frequency value and the number of frequency points, respectively.
  • the frequency domain impulse response is calculated as:
  • f, m, n, ⁇ l , ⁇ l represent the frequency point, the spatial dimension of reception and transmission, the complex amplitude of the lth path, and the propagation delay, respectively.
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ R,l ) and b( ⁇ T,l ) represent the steering vectors of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna array respectively, that is, the frequency domain responses of the angle of arrival and the angle of departure, ⁇ R,l and ⁇ T,l in the vector is the unit vector determined by the horizontal angle and the pitch angle, ( ⁇ ) T is the transpose operation.
  • the steering vector can be expressed as
  • ⁇ ,f( ⁇ ), ⁇ represents wavelength, antenna radiation pattern, antenna phase vector and antenna position vector respectively, unit phasor
  • the range of the horizontal azimuth and the pitch angle in three-dimensional space is When the value range of the frequency point is 1 ⁇ f ⁇ K, the received signal in the frequency domain at the kth frequency point is:
  • the output channel matrix vector of the lth path reaching the receiving end is expressed as:
  • step “E” complete data for the lth path It can be obtained by subtracting the other path signals from the received signal Y, which is
  • the " ⁇ " class parameter is the initial value of the lth path or the estimated value after the last iteration.
  • the path parameters of the separated multipath signals are iteratively searched.
  • the parameters to be estimated are divided into three subsets.
  • the steering vector is used as an index to find the angle value and delay value that maximize the likelihood function.
  • the frequency domain expression The formula is
  • Mx and My represent the number of antennas in the virtual uniform plane array (UPA) along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively.
  • UPA virtual uniform plane array
  • f k is the frequency value corresponding to the kth frequency point
  • ( ⁇ )* is the conjugation operator
  • this algorithm can estimate the three-dimensional space angle parameters of the transmitter and the receiver.
  • the angle is divided into two subsets and the maximum value of the likelihood function is searched in turn, which reduces the complexity of iterative estimation.
  • Algorithm 1 The algorithm implementation process is shown in Algorithm 1:
  • the K-means algorithm is used to study the multi-dimensional clustering characteristics of multipath parameters, and then the delay spread and angle spread in the multipath cluster are obtained, where the root mean square delay spread is defined as:
  • Angular expansion is defined as:
  • ⁇ l represents the angle value of the lth propagation path, and also includes the horizontal angle and the pitch angle ⁇ .
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: based on the traditional SAGE algorithm, the algorithm omits the time-frequency conversion step during data processing according to the frequency domain characteristics of the measurement data, reduces the algorithm complexity, and increases the vertical dimension of the steering vector, At the same time, the parameter estimation problem is divided into the estimation problem of three parameter subspaces, which is suitable for the millimeter wave 3D-MIMO propagation channel of multi-transmission and single-receive. Requirements for multipath parameters in complex environments. Compared with the traditional SAGE algorithm, the accuracy of parameter extraction is improved by 6.7% and the resolution is improved by 3.8%.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of this method
  • Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the improved frequency domain SAGE algorithm
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the joint delay three-dimensional spatial angle estimation of the algorithm
  • Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the delay-three-dimensional spatial angle estimation when the transmission array size is 4 ⁇ 4
  • Figure 3(b) is a transmission array size of 10 ⁇
  • Figure 3(c) is a schematic diagram of delay-three-dimensional space angle estimation with a transmitting array size of 20 ⁇ 20;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the channel characteristics of the algorithm, Figure 4 (a) is the root mean square delay extension; Figure 4 (b) is the horizontal angle extension;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of time delay power spectrum comparison
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the multipath clustering result of the algorithm
  • Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the clustering result with a sending array size of 4 ⁇ 4
  • Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the clustering result with a sending array of 10 ⁇ 10
  • Figure 6(c) is a schematic diagram of the clustering result when the sending array is 20 ⁇ 20;
  • Figure 7 is a comparison of the clustering results of the two algorithms under different antenna arrays;
  • Figure 7(a) is the actual measured power delay spectrum PDP;
  • Figure 7(b) is the clustering result of the SAGE algorithm;
  • Figure 7(c) is the algorithm The clustering result of ;
  • Figure 8 shows the intra-cluster channel characteristics of the two algorithms; Figure 8(a) shows the intra-cluster delay spread; Figure 8(b) shows the intra-cluster horizontal angle spread.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 are a method for extracting path parameters for a millimeter-wave 3D MIMO channel.
  • it includes steps: S1, acquiring wireless channel measurement data of a multi-user millimeter-wave large-scale antenna array; S2, increasing the vertical dimension of the steering vector, and dividing the parameters to be estimated into three parameter subsets; S3, jointly The iteratively searched time delay and the path parameters of the three-dimensional space angle are iteratively determined; S4, based on the extraction result, the characteristics of the time delay extension and the angle extension of the multipath cluster are obtained.
  • a uniform plane array is used for data measurement, so the integrated channel frequency domain response is:
  • Figure 3 is the joint time of the algorithm
  • Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of delay-three-dimensional spatial angle estimation with a transmit array size of 4 ⁇ 4
  • Figure 3(b) is a delay-three-dimensional spatial angle with a transmit array size of 10 ⁇ 10 Estimated schematic diagram
  • Figure 3(c) is a schematic diagram of time delay-three-dimensional spatial angle estimation with a transmission array size of 20 ⁇ 20.
  • the output channel matrix vector of the lth path reaching the receiving end is calculated as
  • ⁇ R,l is the vector of the arrival angle of the lth path in the horizontal and vertical dimensions
  • ⁇ T ,l is the vector of the departure angle of the lth path in the horizontal and vertical dimensions
  • ⁇ l , ⁇ l represents the complex amplitude and propagation delay of the lth path, respectively
  • fk represents the frequency value at the kth frequency point.
  • the received signal superimposed by l paths is expressed as
  • the parameter extraction performance of the algorithm is comprehensively analyzed from the parameter extraction results, channel characteristics and intra-cluster channel characteristics.
  • the antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end are both vertically polarized biconical omnidirectional antennas, and the transmitting end is three types of transmitting antenna arrays of different sizes, which are 4 ⁇ 4, 10 ⁇ 10, and 20 ⁇ respectively. 20.
  • the spacing between the elements is set to 0.6 ⁇ , the measured center frequency is 28GHz, the frequency sampling point is 2001, and the intermediate frequency bandwidth is 2kHz.
  • Table 1 The specific parameter settings are shown in Table 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the channel characteristics of the algorithm.
  • Figure 4(a) is the root mean square delay spread;
  • Figure 4(b) is the horizontal angle spread. .
  • the extraction results of the two algorithms are slightly different, the overall distribution of the parameters is the same.
  • the size of the antenna array is 400
  • the parameter extraction results of the two algorithms and the time delay power spectrum of the measured data are shown in Figure 5.
  • the multipath distribution is dense, and the error of the extraction results of the SAGE algorithm is relatively high.
  • the extraction results of this algorithm have a high degree of fit with the measured results, which verifies the accuracy of the proposed method.
  • Figure 6(b) shows that the angle expansion characteristics of this algorithm and the delay expansion have a similar change rule, and the resolution increases with the increase of the number of arrays, which means that the Nakamoto algorithm improves the resolution of the horizontal angle;
  • Figure 6( c) is a schematic diagram of the clustering result when the sending array is 20 ⁇ 20.
  • the K-means algorithm is used to perform multipath clustering.
  • the multipath clustering results of this algorithm under different sizes of antenna arrays are shown in Figure 7.
  • Figure 6 is the measured time delay angle power spectrum.
  • the received power is the superposition of sparse multipath components, and its value is mainly affected by the radiation characteristics of the transmitter array and objects such as walls, tables and chairs in the propagation environment;
  • Figure 7(b) It is the clustering result of the path extracted by the SAGE algorithm.
  • the multipath signal is divided into nine clusters, and the gray scale represents the strength of the power. It can be seen that the clustering result is reasonable, and the boundaries are clear and distinguishable, reflecting the space of objects in the propagation environment. distributed.
  • Figure 7(c) is the clustering result of the path extracted by this algorithm. Compared with Figure 6(b), the similarity within the cluster is higher, especially the similarity within the cluster with stronger power is greater.
  • Table 2 presents the intra-cluster path parameters to study the similarity.
  • the mean value of the parameters within the cluster of this algorithm is smaller, which indicates that the propagation paths extracted by this algorithm have greater similarity in the delay and three-dimensional space angle domains, and the resolution within the cluster is higher.
  • Fig. 8 shows the variation trend of the intra-cluster delay spread and horizontal angle spread with the number of arrays.
  • Fig. 8(a) is the intra-cluster delay spread;
  • Fig. 8(b) is the intra-cluster horizontal angle spread.
  • the results show that with the increase of the antenna array size, the intra-cluster delay spread and the horizontal angle spread increase significantly, indicating that the algorithm can efficiently extract paths with similar propagation characteristics. Therefore, the obtained intra-cluster delay spread and horizontal angle spread is smaller than the SAGE algorithm, and the algorithm performs better as the array size increases.

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Abstract

提供了一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,属于通信信道参数提取领域。该方法包括以下步骤:S1、获得无线信道测量数据,并整合为信道矩阵;S2、在S1步骤中的信道矩阵中增加导向矢量的垂直维度,并且将待估路径参数划分为传播时延、发射端的水平与垂直角度、和接收端的水平与垂直角度三个参数子集;S3、采用时延与三维空间角度的联合搜索策略对各路径信道参数进行迭代运算,在当前待估参数子集中更新信道参数;S4、基于S3步骤中的提取结果,进行多径分簇特性分析,得到簇内时延扩展与角度扩展特性。该方法适用于毫米波3D MIMO无线信道参数提取,可以保证稀疏多径信道参数提取的准确度和分辨率。

Description

一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法 技术领域
本发明属于无线通信技术领域,涉及一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法。
背景技术
随着无线智能设备的急剧增长,以及人们对数据高速、高可靠传输等需求的进一步增加,需要解决频谱资源短缺,提高频效、能效等指标,进一步提升用户体验。在5G和B5G关键技术方面,毫米波与三维多输入多输出(3D MIMO,three dimensions-multiple-input-multiple-output)技术的结合能够大幅度提高系统传输速率、频谱利用率和能量效率。毫米波和3D MIMO关键技术的使用给无线信道带来了新的信道特性,包括非常高时间与空间分辨率特性、空-时非平稳特性、稀疏多径分簇特性、空间相关性等。为了更好地了解这些新的信道传播特性,需要在广泛的信道测量基础上,采用准确高分辨率的参数提取算法对时间和三维空间角度参数进行联合估计,分析并揭示信道特性,进而开展无线信道建模,从而为无线通信系统中关键技术的设计与评估及网络规划提供信道信息。由此可见,设计一种高精度、多维联合的多径参数提取方法是无线信道建模过程中的关键环节。
目前,针对二维或三维空间角度与时延的联合估计方法可以分为谱估计、基于参数子空间的估计、确定性参数估计三大类。Schmidt等提出的多重信号分类算法通过形成空间谱来寻找与谱峰对应的角度,很大程度上提高了角度分辨率,但该算法对于相干信号子空间的秩十分敏感,需要在特征值分解之前进行去相干处理。Paulraj等提出了旋转不变子空间算法,其核心是将接收阵列分为几个子阵列,通过使用子阵列间的旋转不变性来计算到达角,但该算法仅适用于特定的天线阵列,适用场景受限。B.H.Fleury在1997年提出的空间交替广义期望最大化(SAGE,space-alternating generalized expectation maximization)算法因适用范围广、精度高的优势,广泛应用于不同频段、不同场景及不同传播条件下多径信道复幅度、离开角、到达角和时延等路径参数的估计。Stikom等人对SAGE算法的最大化步骤进行改进,在迭代搜索过程中使角度计算先于时延计算,提高了时延估计的准确度,但对于角度估计的准确度提升不大。孙文生等提出了一种基于MIMO信道的稀疏变分贝叶斯SAGE算法,引入了稀疏先验的多径分量增益提升了角度估计的分辨率,然而因为复杂度较高,因此并未广泛地应用于实际信道测量中。
上述文献提出的参数提取算法能够有效地估计出时域测量数据的多径参数,若直接用于提取基于矢量网络分析仪测量的毫米波宽频段无线信道数据,将在一定程度上增加算法复杂度。基于此,Laurensonl等采用串行干扰消除技术替代SAGE算法的并行干扰消技术,提出了频域SAGE算法,实现对多径复幅度、时延、水平到达角的估计。随后,Matthalou等增加了频域SAGE算法对水平离开角的估计,但仍然没有充分考虑三维空间角度。为了满足毫米波3D MIMO技术对高精度、高分辨率多径参数的需求,需要更为准确且全面的信道信息,因此针对毫米波频段的3D-MIMO的信道对估计算法分辨率和准确度提出了更高的要求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,以提高参数估计的准确度和分辨率。首先获取毫米波3D-MIMO无线信道测量数据,然后改进频域的接收信号模型,以及发射天线阵列和接收天线的导向矢量,使其适用于发射端为天线阵列和接收端为单天线的传播信道,并将多维路径时延角度联合估计问题分解为时延、发射端水平角与垂直俯仰角、接收端水平角与垂直俯仰角三个子空间估计问题,迭代估计中只搜索当前子空间内的待估参数,进而将其应用到毫米波3D-MIMO信道中,实现对多用户时延与三维空间角度信息的联合估计,最后根据参数提取结果进行多径分簇特性分析,得到簇内时延扩展与角度扩展特性。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供如下一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,即改进的三维频域SAGE(FD-SAGE,frequency domain SAGE)算法:
无线信道测量时,发射端使用垂直极化的双锥全向天线构建的虚拟的均匀平面多天线阵列,阵列数目为M,接收端为一个全向天线。将信道的冲击响应函数采用方向矢量下的加权方法整合为信道矩阵,则整合后的信道频域响应矩阵被建模为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000001
其中,X、Y、Z分别表示天线阵列在x轴、y轴和z轴方向上的阵元数目,
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000002
是接收天线与原点对齐时传播信道的复权重,
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000003
表示阵元相对原点的传播时延,c表示光速,f和K分别代表测量的频率值和频点数。
假设每个用户的接收信号为L条路径的叠加和,频域脉冲响应被计算为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000004
其中,f,m,n,α ll分别表示频点、接收和发送的空间维度、第l条路径的复幅值和传播时延。α(ψ R,l)与b(ψ T,l)分别表示接收天线和发送天线阵列的导向矢量,即到达角和离开角的频域响应,矢量中的ψ R,l和ψ T,l是由水平角和俯仰角所决定的单位向量,(·) T为转置运算操作。以发射端为例,加入垂直维度后,导向矢量可以表示为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000005
其中,λ,f(ψ),
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000006
γ分别表示波长、天线辐射图、天线相位矢量和天线位置矢量,单位相量
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000007
水平方位角和三维空间的俯仰角取值范围为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000009
当频点取值范围为1≤f≤K时,第k个频点处的频域接收信号为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000010
其中
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000011
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000012
为第l条路径的参数向量,其元素分别为路径复幅度、传播时延、AAoA和EAoA,N(f)为频域复高斯白噪声。在进行三维角度参数估计时,第l条路径到达接收端的输出信道矩阵矢量表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000013
在频域中,L条路径叠加的接收信号表示为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000014
对接收信号Y中路径参数的迭代提取,分为“E”和“M”步骤。在“E”步骤中,第l条路径的完备数据
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000015
可以由接收信号Y减去其他路径信号获得,即为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000016
其中,“^”类参数为第l条路径的初始值或上一次迭代后的估计值。
对被分离出来的多径信号的路径参数进行迭代搜索,首先将待估分为三个参数子集,其次利用导向矢量作为指标寻找使似然函数最大的角度值和时延值,频域表达式为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000020
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000021
分别表示发射端和接收端待估计的参数集,即,
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000022
Mx与My分别表示虚拟均匀平面阵(UPA)中沿x轴方向和y轴方向的天线数。迭代更新函数中的似然函数表示为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000023
其中,f k是第k个频点对应的频率值,(·)*为共轭运算符。当估计出的三个参数集的变化小于给定阈值时,是指迭代判断式为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000024
是否成立,如果不成立,则将第l径信号的信道参数更新为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000025
否则继续在待估参数子集中搜索补集中的信道参数,其中
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000026
表示第u次迭代后第l径信号的路径参数值。
不同于SAGE算法,本算法能够对发射端和接收端的三维空间角度参数离开俯仰角(EAoD,elevation angle of departure)和垂直离开角(EAoA,elevation angle of arrival)进行估计,并且将离开角和到达角分为两个子集依次进行似然函数的最大值搜索,减少了迭代估计的复杂度,算法实现过程如算法1所示:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000027
进一步地,基于参数提取结果,利用K-means算法进行多径参数的多维分簇特性研究,进而获得多径簇内的时延扩展和角度扩展,其中,均方根时延扩展被定义为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000028
角度扩展被定义为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000029
其中,Ψ l表示第l条传播路径的角度值,同时包含了水平角
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000030
和俯仰角θ。
本发明的有益效果在于:基于传统的SAGE算法,本算法根据测量数据的频域特性,在数据处理时省略了时-频转换步骤,降低了算法复杂度,并且增加了导向矢量的垂直维度,同时将参数估计问题划分为三个参数子空间的估计问题,使其适用于多发单收的毫米波3D-MIMO传播信道,实现了时延与三维空间角度的联合估计,满足了无线通信系统对复杂环境下多径参数的需求。本算法对多用户场景下的毫米波3D-MIMO信道的多径参数估计具有较好的性能,相比于传统的SAGE算法,参数提取的准确度提升了6.7%,分辨率提升了3.8%。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述,其中:
图1为本方法的流程示意图;
图2为改进的频域SAGE算法的流程图;
图3为本算法的联合时延三维空间角度估计示意图,图3(a)是发送阵列大小为4×4的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图;图3(b)是发送阵列大小为10×10的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图;图3(c)是发送阵列大小为20×20的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图;
图4为本算法的信道特性示意图,图4(a)为均方根时延扩展;图4(b)为水平角度扩展;
图5为时延功率谱对比示意图;
图6为本算法的多径分簇结果示意图;图6(a)为发送阵列大小为4×4的分簇结果示意图;图6(b)为发送阵列为10×10的分簇结果示意图;图6(c)为发送阵列为20×20的分簇结果示 意图;
图7为不同天线阵列下两种算法的分簇结果对比;图7(a)为实际测量功率时延谱PDP;图7(b)为SAGE算法分簇结果;图7(c)为本算法的分簇结果;
图8为两种算法的簇内信道特性;图8(a)为簇内时延扩展;图8(b)为簇内水平角度扩展。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是,以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想,在不冲突的情况下,以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
其中,附图仅用于示例性说明,表示的仅是示意图,而非实物图,不能理解为对本发明的限制;为了更好地说明本发明的实施例,附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小,并不代表实际产品的尺寸;对本领域技术人员来说,附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件;在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明,不能理解为对本发明的限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
请参阅图1~图7,为一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法。
如图1所示,包括步骤:S1,获取多用户毫米波大规模天线阵的无线信道测量数据;S2,增加导向矢量的垂直维度,将待估参数分为三个参数子集;S3,联合迭代搜索的时延和三维空间角度的路径参数,进行迭代判断;S4,基于提取结果获得多径簇的时延扩展和角度扩展的特性。
本发明实施例S1中数据测量时采用均匀平面阵列,因此整合后的信道频域响应为:
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000031
S2、S3中所述的毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数时空联合提取方法,算法流程如图2所示,在SAGE算法的基础上对接收信号直接进行频域处理,同时加入三维空间导向矢量,将参数集
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000032
分为时延、接收端三维空间角度和发送端三维空间角度三个子空间估计问题,估计中只搜索当前子空间内的待估参数。具体步骤为通过期望‘E’步骤分离信号与噪声,然后对分离出来的路径l通过‘M’步骤,即寻找使似然函数最大的时延和三维空间角度值,判断前后两次迭代u和u+1得到的估计值差值与给定门限值间的大小关系,若小于门限,迭代结束;若大于门限,返回步骤‘E’继续迭代搜索直至收敛,图3为本算法的联合时延三维空间角度估计示意图,图3(a)是发送阵列大小为4×4的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图;图3(b)是发送阵列大小为10×10的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图;图3(c)是发送阵列大小为20×20的时延-三维空间角度估计示意图。
本实施例中,加入垂直维度后第l条路径到达接收端的输出信道矩阵矢量计算为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000033
其中,Ψ R,l为第l条路径的到达角在水平和垂直两个维度的向量,Ψ T,l为第l条路径的离开角在水平和垂直两个维度的向量,α ll分别表示第l条路径的复幅度和传播时延,f k表示第k个频点处的频率值。在频域中,l条路径叠加的接收信号表示为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000034
对接收信号Y中路径参数进行提取,第l条路径的完备数据
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000035
可以由接收信号Y减去其他路径信号获得,计算为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000036
对被分离出来的多径信号
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000037
的路径参数进行迭代搜索,将待估计参数问题分为时延、发射端三维空间角度、接收端三维空间角度三个子空间估计问题,寻找使似然函数最大的角度值和时延值,计算为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000041
当估计出的三个参数集的变化小于给定阈值时,是指迭代判断式为
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000042
根据实际场景中的测量数据,从参数提取结果、信道特性和簇内信道特性等全方位地分析本算法的参数提取性能。本发明实施例中,规定发射端和接收端天线均采用垂直极化的双锥全向天线,并且发射端为三种不同大小的发送天线阵列,分别为4×4、10×10和20×20。为了避免天线阵元间的耦合效应,单元间的间距设置为0.6λ,测量的中心频率为28GHz,频率采样点为2001,中频带宽为2kHz,具体参数设置如表1。
表1测量系统参数
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000043
不同大小天线阵列下两种算法的参数提取结果如图7所示,图4为本算法的信道特性示意图,图4(a)为均方根时延扩展;图4(b)为水平角度扩展。两种算法的提取结果虽略有差异,但参数的总体分布规律相同。当天线阵列大小为400时,两种算法的参数提取结果与实测数据的时延功率谱如图5所示,在标记的M和N点区域,多径分布密集,SAGE算法的提取结果误差较大,然而本算法的提取结果与实测结果拟合程度较高,验证了提出方法的准确性。
从信道特性角度来阐述本算法的性能,主要分析了均方根时延扩展和水平角度扩展,信道特性示意图如图4所示。当天线阵列大小相同时,利用本算法与SAGE算法所提取的参数,统计出的时延扩展和水平角度扩展拟合较好,拟合误差随着天线数目的增加而减少,阵列大小为400时,时延扩展的拟合误差为3.5%,水平角度扩展的拟合误差6.2%。在多径分布较为集中的区域(如图6(a)中的A区域),时延扩展在20~25ns范围内,本算法的时延扩展变化率较大,这表明本算法提升了时域上的分辨率。图6(b)表明,本算法的角度扩展特性与时延扩展具有相似的变化规律,其分辨率均随阵列数目增加而增加,这意味中本算法提升了水平角度的分辨率;图6(c)为发送阵列为20×20的分簇结果示意图。
在参数提取的基础上分析多径的分簇特性,从多径的簇内特性角度研究本算法的参数提取性能。在本发明实施例中采用K-means算法进行多径分簇,不同大小的天线阵列下本算法 的多径分簇结果如图7所示,阵列大小为20×20时两种算法的分簇结果如图6所示。图5是测量的时延角度功率谱,接收功率是稀疏多径成分的叠加和,其数值大小主要受发射端阵列辐射特性与传播环境中墙壁、桌椅等物体的影响;图7(b)是SAGE算法提取路径的分簇结果,多径信号被分为九个簇,灰度代表功率的强弱,可以看出分簇结果较为合理,边界清晰可辨,体现了传播环境中物体的空间分布。图7(c)是本算法提取路径的分簇结果,相比与图6(b),簇内的相似度更高,尤其是功率较强的簇内相似性更大。
进一步,表2给出了簇内路径参数,用以研究相似性。相比SAGE算法,本算法簇内参数均值均较小,这说明了本算法提取的传播路径在时延和三维空间角度域上具有较大的相似性,簇内分辨率更高。
表2两种算法的簇内路径参数
Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-000044
图8给出了多径簇内时延扩展和水平角度扩展随着阵列数目的变化趋势,图8(a)为簇内时延扩展;图8(b)为簇内水平角度扩展。结果表明随着天线阵列大小的增加,簇内时延扩展和水平角度扩展明显增大,说明本算法能高效地提取出具有相似传播特性的路径,因此得到的簇内时延扩展和水平角度扩展小于SAGE算法,并且随着阵列大小增加,算法性能越好。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括以下步骤:
    S1、采集非视距传播条件下的多用户毫米波大规模天线阵的无线信道测量数据,采用方向矢量下的加权方法整合为信道矩阵;
    S2、基于空间交替广义期望最大化算法,在S1中的信道矩阵中增加导向矢量的垂直维度,并且将待估路径参数通过频域脉冲响应划分为传播时延、发射端的水平与垂直角度和接收端的水平与垂直角度三个参数子集;
    S3、根据S2的参数子集,采用传播时延与三维空间角度的联合搜索策略对各路径信道参数进行迭代运算,并在迭代运算中按照使各路径信道参数似然函数最大化与单调不减判决的原则,在当前待估参数子集中更新信道参数;
    S4、根据S3中的路径参数提取结果,进行多径分簇特性分析,得到簇内时延扩展与角度扩展特性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述测量数据由测量设备测得,所述测量设备包括矢量网络分析仪、毫米波高功率放大器、低噪声放大器、精密步进电机控制云台和一对垂直极化双锥全向天线;
    并且所述测量设备的测量环境为两个用户的非视距传播;
    所述测量设备的测量系统参数设置信息包括的中频载频、4GHz的带宽、2MHz的频率分辨率、大小为4×4/10×10/20×20的发射端均匀平面阵、单天线接收端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述发射端使用垂直极化的双锥全向天线构建虚拟大规模天线阵列;
    所述接收端为一个全向天线,天线阵中第k个子信道的单位向量计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100001
    各阵元到原点间的距离计算为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100002
    其中,θ k
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100003
    分别是第K频点处阵元相对于原点的俯仰角和方位角,d为阵元间的间距。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述S1中的信道矩阵为信道的冲击响应函数整合,且信道矩阵包括信道频域响应矩阵,所述信道频域响应矩阵的计算式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100004
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100005
    是接收天线与原点对齐时传播信道的复权重;
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100006
    表示阵元相对原点的传播时延,c表示光速,θ k
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100007
    是分别第K频点处阵元相对于原点的俯仰角和方位角,XYZ分别表示立体虚拟阵列的X轴、Y轴、Z轴,f为测量频点。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述S2中频域脉冲响应是当接收信号为l条路径叠加和时的建模方法,计算公式为
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100008
    其中,f为测量频点,m和n分别表示接收天线和发送天线阵列的空间维度,α l和τ l分别表示第l条路径的复幅值和传播时延,(·) T为转置运算符,导向矢量α(ψ R,l)与b(ψ T,l)表示无线信道的传播路径的到达角和离开角响应,矢量中的ψ R,l和ψ T,l是由水平角和俯仰角决定的单位向量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述导向矢量α(ψ R,l)与b(ψ T,l)分别为接收天线和发送天线阵列的矢量,并且该导向矢量分别表示无线信道的传播路径的到达角和离开角响应,矢量中的ψ R,l和ψ T,l是由水平角和俯仰角决定的单位向量;
    在发射端,第l条路径的单位向量Ψ T,l的计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100009
    其中,第l条路径的水平方位角和垂直俯仰角的取值范围为
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100010
    θ T,l∈[0,π];
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100012
    其中,λ,P(ψ),
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100013
    γ分别表示电磁波波长、天线辐射图、天线相位矢量和天线位置矢量。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述测量频点的取值范围为1≤f≤K时,第k个测量频点处的频域接收信号计算为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100014
    其中,第l条路径的传输信号计算为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100015
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100016
    为第l条路径的参数向量,向量元素分别表示传播路径的复幅度、传播时延、水平到达角AAoA和垂直到达角EAoA,N(f)表示频域内的复高斯白噪声。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述第l条路径在进行频域时延和三维空间角度联合参数估计时,到达接收端的输出信道矩阵矢量计算方法为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100017
    在频域中,L条路径叠加的接收信号表示为
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100018
    将接收信号中待估计的路径参数参数划分为传播时延、发射端和接收端三维角度三个子集,即用
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100019
    分别表示发射端和接收端待估计的参数集,计算为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100020
    所述第l条路径的完备数据
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100021
    计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100022
    其中,“^”类参数为第l条路径的初始值或上一次迭代后的估计值。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述S3中时延和三维空间角度的联合迭代搜索策略是寻找使似然函数最大的角度值和时延值,频域计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100023
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100025
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100026
    其中,M x与N y分别表示虚拟UPA中沿X轴方向和Y轴方向的天线单元数,K是频点数;
    所述S3中在搜索迭代运算中按照使各路径信道参数似然函数最大化与单调不减判决的原则,进行当前待估子集中的参数更新,似然函数计算为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100027
    其中,f k表示第k个测量频点对应的频率值,(·)*表示共轭运算符操作;
    迭代搜索后所述S2中的三个参数集的变化小于等于给定阈值时,是指迭代判断式为:
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100028
    是否成立,若不成立,则将第l径信号的信道参数更新为
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100029
    否则继续在待估参数子集中搜索补集中的信道参数,其中
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100030
    表示第u次迭代后第l径信号的路径参数值,
    Figure PCTCN2021077570-appb-100031
    为第l条路径的参数向量。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对毫米波3D MIMO信道的路径参数提取方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中的参数提取结果,用于对多径参数进行分簇研究,获得不同天线阵列大小下多径簇特性以及时延扩展和三维角度扩展特性。
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