WO2022160782A1 - 转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机 - Google Patents

转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022160782A1
WO2022160782A1 PCT/CN2021/124325 CN2021124325W WO2022160782A1 WO 2022160782 A1 WO2022160782 A1 WO 2022160782A1 CN 2021124325 W CN2021124325 W CN 2021124325W WO 2022160782 A1 WO2022160782 A1 WO 2022160782A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
squirrel cage
slot
rotor
rotor assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/124325
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡余生
陈彬
肖勇
史进飞
李霞
张志东
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to EP21922373.2A priority Critical patent/EP4243248A4/en
Priority to KR1020237020157A priority patent/KR20230133276A/ko
Priority to US18/266,333 priority patent/US20240030793A1/en
Priority to JP2023536057A priority patent/JP2024503204A/ja
Publication of WO2022160782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022160782A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/223—Rotor cores with windings and permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/265—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/14—Synchronous motors having additional short-circuited windings for starting as asynchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/46—Motors having additional short-circuited winding for starting as an asynchronous motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/06—Magnetic cores, or permanent magnets characterised by their skew
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a rotor assembly and a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor.
  • the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor combines the structural characteristics of the induction motor and the synchronous permanent magnet reluctance motor.
  • the torque generated by the squirrel cage induction realizes the starting, and the permanent magnet is realized by the difference between the rotor d and q axis magnetic flux and the torque generated by the permanent magnet.
  • Speed operation can be directly connected to the power supply to achieve start-up operation.
  • the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor can use the reluctance torque to increase the output torque of the motor.
  • the self-starting permanent magnet motor Compared with the self-starting permanent magnet motor, the amount of permanent magnets is reduced and the cost is reduced; compared with the asynchronous motor, the self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance The motor has high efficiency, and the speed is constant and synchronized, and the speed does not change with the change of the load.
  • the traditional permanent magnet motor and permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor require a driver to start and control the operation, which is costly and complicated to control, and the driver occupies a part of the loss, which reduces the efficiency of the entire motor system.
  • the related art provides a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor to reduce the cost of the permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet in the related art adopts a long arc structure, so that the magnetic flux at one end of the permanent magnet opposite to the rotation direction of the rotor conflicts with the magnetic field of the rotor. As a result, the permanent magnet utilization rate is reduced, and the motor efficiency is reduced.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a rotor assembly and a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor, which can make the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet circulate more toward the side of the rotation direction of the rotor assembly, and improve the utilization rate of the permanent magnet, Improve motor efficiency.
  • the present application provides a rotor assembly, including a rotor iron core.
  • the rotor iron core On the cross section of the rotor iron core, the rotor iron core is provided with a slit slot, a q-axis squirrel cage slot and a permanent magnet.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slot It is arranged at both ends of the slot, the permanent magnets are arranged in the slot, the permanent magnets located in the innermost layer at least along the d-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged relative to the d-axis, and the permanent magnets located in the innermost layer are relative to the d-axis.
  • the direction of offset is consistent with the direction of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged in at least two layers along the radial direction. Among the two adjacent layers of permanent magnets, the part of the permanent magnets located in the inner layer on the rear side of the d-axis is occupied relative to the center of the rotor core.
  • the central angle is a1
  • the central angle occupied by the portion of the permanent magnet located on the rear side of the d-axis relative to the center of the rotor core is a2, where a1 ⁇ a2.
  • the front side of the d-axis refers to the side of the d-axis in the same direction of rotation of the rotor assembly, and the rear side of the d-axis refers to the side of the d-axis opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • the rotor assembly is a 2-pole rotor configuration.
  • each layer of permanent magnets forms a structure protruding radially outward, and each layer of permanent magnets includes one or more arc-shaped or rectangular permanent magnets.
  • the width of the magnetic conductive channel between adjacent q-axis squirrel cage slots is greater than the minimum width of the magnetic conductive channel between the slit slots in the same layer.
  • the rotor core is further provided with independent squirrel cage slots.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel cage slots are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic conducting channels on both sides of the independent squirrel cage slot The total width is greater than the minimum width of the magnetically permeable channel.
  • a magnetic conductive channel is formed between adjacent slit slots, and the thickness of the magnetic conductive channel decreases along a direction close to the d-axis; and/or a magnetic conductive channel is formed between adjacent slit slots,
  • the minimum width of the magnetic conductive channel is more than twice the minimum thickness of the slot adjacent to the magnetic conductive channel and located in the inner layer.
  • independent squirrel cage slots are also provided on the rotor iron core. Under the same pole, the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel cage slots are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel cage slots are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. Its extension direction is parallel to the q-axis, and the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel-cage slots are symmetrically distributed with respect to the q-axis or the d-axis.
  • the extension length of the q-axis squirrel cage slot is more than twice the width of the q-axis squirrel cage slot; and/or the extension length of the independent squirrel cage slot is more than 2 times the width of the independent squirrel cage slot.
  • the rotor core is further provided with a d-axis squirrel cage slot, and the d-axis squirrel cage slot is located on the side of the radially outermost permanent magnet along the d-axis direction, which is close to the outer circumference of the rotor.
  • the slit slot includes an arc-shaped section and a straight section, the arc-shaped section protrudes outward in the radial direction, the straight section is located at both ends of the arc-shaped section, and the permanent magnets are installed in the arc-shaped section and are connected with the arc-shaped section.
  • the shape of the segment is adapted.
  • the slit slot is combined with the q-axis squirrel cage slot corresponding to both ends to form a magnetic barrier layer, and the magnetic barrier layer is arranged in at least two layers in the radial direction of the rotor core.
  • the rotor iron core is further provided with independent squirrel cage slots.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel cage slots are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and at least part of the q-axis squirrel cage slots are close to the outside of the rotor.
  • At least one side of the round end is provided with a cut edge; and/or, at least one side of the at least one end of the independent squirrel cage slot close to the outer circle of the rotor is provided with a cut edge.
  • the rotor iron core is further provided with independent squirrel cage slots.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slots and the independent squirrel cage slots are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and between the independent squirrel cage slots and the outer circle of the rotor
  • the width of the magnetic bridge is L61
  • the width of the magnetic bridge between the q-axis squirrel cage slot and the outer circle of the rotor is L62, where L61>
  • the rotor iron core is further provided with a d-axis squirrel cage slot, the d-axis squirrel cage slot is located on the radially outermost permanent magnet along the d-axis direction on the side close to the outer circle of the rotor, and the d-axis squirrel cage slot is connected to the outer circle of the rotor.
  • the width of the magnetic bridge between the outer circles of the rotor is L63
  • the width of the magnetic bridge between the q-axis squirrel cage slot and the outer circle of the rotor is L62, where L63>L62.
  • the rotor iron core is further provided with an independent squirrel cage slot and a d-axis squirrel cage slot, and the total area of the squirrel cage slot formed by the q-axis squirrel cage slot, the d-axis squirrel cage slot and the independent squirrel cage slot is S1, the total area of squirrel cage slot and slit slot is S, S1 ⁇ 40% S.
  • the rotor iron core is further provided with an independent squirrel cage slot and a d-axis squirrel cage slot, the q-axis squirrel cage slot, the d-axis squirrel cage slot and the independent squirrel cage slot are filled with conductive and non-magnetic materials, and the rotor iron Both ends of the core are provided with end rings, and the q-axis squirrel cage groove, the d-axis squirrel cage groove and the independent squirrel cage groove are short-circuited through the end rings to form a squirrel cage structure.
  • both ends of the rotor core are provided with non-magnetic-conductive baffles, and the non-magnetic-conductive baffles are arranged to shield the permanent magnets.
  • a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor which includes a stator and a rotor assembly, and the rotor assembly is the above-mentioned rotor assembly.
  • the width of the magnetic bridge between the q-axis squirrel cage slot and the outer circumference of the rotor is L62, 0.5 ⁇ L62 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ , and ⁇ is the radial width of the air gap between the stator and the rotor core.
  • the rotor assembly provided by the present application includes a rotor iron core.
  • the rotor iron core On the cross section of the rotor iron core, the rotor iron core is provided with a slot slot, a q-axis squirrel cage slot and a permanent magnet, and the q-axis squirrel cage slot is arranged in the slit slot.
  • the permanent magnets are arranged in the slit slots, the permanent magnets located at the innermost layer at least along the d-axis direction are asymmetrically arranged with respect to the d-axis, and the offset direction of the innermost permanent magnets with respect to the d-axis is the same as that of the rotor.
  • the components are rotated in the same direction.
  • This structure can make the magnetic flux generated by the offset permanent magnets tend to flow in the direction of the q-axis magnetic flux of the rotor, provide more q-axis magnets, and avoid the permanent magnet magnetic flux caused by the rotation of the rotor assembly to the direction of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • the problem of unbalanced magnetic flux of the permanent magnet caused by the rear side offset makes the magnetic flux on the front side of the d-axis and the magnetic flux on the rear side of the d-axis more consistent, improving the utilization efficiency of the permanent magnet and improving the motor efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is an axial view of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-magnetic baffle of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 6 is an axial view of a rotor assembly according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of torque curves of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application and a motor in the related art.
  • the rotor assembly includes a rotor iron core 1 , and on a cross section of the rotor iron core 1 , the rotor iron core 1 is provided with a shaft hole 5 , a slit slot 2 , The q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the permanent magnet 3, the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 is arranged at both ends of the slit slot 2, the permanent magnet 3 is arranged in the slot slot 2, at least along the d-axis direction is located in the innermost permanent magnet 3 is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the d-axis, and the offset direction of the permanent magnets 3 located in the innermost layer with respect to the d-axis is consistent with the rotation direction of the rotor assembly.
  • This structure can make the magnetic flux generated by the offset permanent magnet flow more towards the direction of the q-axis magnetic flux of the rotor, provide more q-axis magnets, and avoid the permanent magnet magnetic flux caused by the rotation of the rotor assembly to the rear side of the rotation direction of the rotor assembly
  • the offset causes the unbalanced magnetic flux of the permanent magnets, so that the magnetic flux on the front side of the d-axis and the magnetic flux on the rear side of the d-axis can be more consistent, improving the utilization efficiency of the permanent magnets and improving the efficiency of the motor.
  • the front side of the d-axis refers to the side of the d-axis in the same direction of rotation of the rotor assembly, and the rear side of the d-axis refers to the side of the d-axis opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor assembly.
  • the offset direction of the permanent magnets 3 located in the innermost layer relative to the d-axis is consistent with the rotation direction of the rotor assembly, which means that the permanent magnets 3 located in the innermost layer have a greater amount of permanent magnets on the front side of the d-axis than
  • the amount of permanent magnets on the rear side of the d-axis can be specifically expressed as, relative to the d-axis of the permanent magnet 3, the length of the permanent magnets on the front side of the d-axis is greater than the length of the permanent magnets on the rear side of the d-axis, or the length of the permanent magnets on the rear side of the d-axis
  • the thickness of the permanent magnet on the front side is larger than the thickness of the permanent magnet on the rear side of the d-axis, etc.
  • the purpose is to make the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 3 on the front side of the d-axis larger than the magnetic flux on the rear side of the d-axis when the rotor assembly is not running, Therefore, when the rotor assembly rotates, the magnetic flux offset caused by the rotation of the rotor assembly is reduced, so that the magnetic fluxes on both sides of the d-axis are as balanced as possible, the utilization rate of the permanent magnet is improved, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
  • the permanent magnets 3 are provided with at least two layers along the radial direction. Among the two adjacent layers of permanent magnets 3 , the part of the permanent magnet 3 located in the inner layer on the rear side of the d-axis is relative to the rotor core 1 .
  • the central angle occupied by the center is a1
  • the central angle occupied by the part of the permanent magnet 3 on the rear side of the d-axis in the outer layer relative to the center of the rotor core 1 is a2, where a1 ⁇ a2, so that the inner permanent magnet 3 can be used.
  • the magnets 3 generate more q-axis flux linkages, which further increases the motor efficiency and can also make the permanent magnets 3 more fully utilized.
  • the central angle occupied by the part of the permanent magnet 3 on the rear side of the d-axis in the outermost layer relative to the center of the rotor core 1 is a3.
  • the central angle occupied by the part of the permanent magnet 3 on the rear side of the d-axis relative to the center of the rotor core 1 is a2, and the central angle occupied by the part of the permanent magnet 3 located in the innermost layer on the rear side of the d-axis is a1, a1 ⁇ a2 ⁇ a3.
  • the permanent magnet 3 takes the d-axis as the dividing line, and in the rotation direction of the rotor assembly, the connection line between the end point of the end of the permanent magnet 3 located on the rear side of the d-axis away from the d-axis and the center of the rotor core 1 is the first connection.
  • the angle formed between the first connecting line and the d-axis is the central angle occupied by the portion of the permanent magnet 3 on the rear side of the d-axis relative to the center of the rotor core 1 .
  • the proportion of the permanent magnet 3 being shifted toward the front side of the d-axis is smaller and smaller.
  • the permanent magnets 3 located in the middle layer and the innermost layer are offset to the front side of the d-axis, and the permanent magnet 3 located at the radially outermost layer is symmetrical about the d-axis.
  • the rotor assembly is a 2-pole rotor structure.
  • the torque generated by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet in the inner layer and the magnetic field of the stator is larger, which has a greater impact on the performance of the motor. Therefore, it is only necessary to ensure the maximum offset of the permanent magnet in the innermost layer. Ensure that the improvement of motor performance is maximized and the structure can be optimized.
  • the permanent magnets 3 when the permanent magnets 3 are arranged in three layers in the radial direction, only the permanent magnets 3 located in the radially innermost layer may be offset, and the permanent magnets 3 located in the middle layer and the outermost layer may be offset with respect to d Axisymmetric.
  • Each layer of permanent magnets 3 forms a structure that protrudes outward in the radial direction, and each layer of permanent magnets 3 includes one or more arc-shaped or rectangular permanent magnets.
  • the offset can be achieved by offsetting part of the permanent magnets 3, as shown in FIG. 3, which is located in the innermost permanent magnet, and one of the permanent magnets 3 is located on the front side of the d-axis , the other permanent magnet 3 is symmetrical about the d-axis, so as to realize the offset of the permanent magnet 3 on the front side of the d-axis.
  • the permanent magnet 3 adopts a block structure, the design is more flexible, and the arrangement position of the permanent magnet 3 can be arranged more reasonably.
  • the width of the magnetic conduction channel between adjacent q-axis squirrel cage slots 41 is greater than the minimum width of the magnetic conduction channel between the slot slots 2 in the same layer.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42. Under the same pole, the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The total width is greater than the minimum width of the magnetically permeable channel.
  • independent squirrel cage slots 42 are arranged between adjacent q-axis squirrel cage slots 41 , wherein the independent squirrel cage slots 42 located in the inner layer
  • the widths of the magnetic conductive channels on both sides are L31 and L32
  • the minimum width of the magnetic conductive channels on the inner layer is L3
  • the widths of the magnetic conductive channels on both sides of the independent squirrel cage slot 42 on the outer layer are L41 and L42.
  • the minimum width of the magnetic conduction channel is L4, L31+L32>L3, and L41+L42>L4.
  • a magnetic conductive channel is formed between adjacent slit slots 2, and the thickness of the magnetic conductive channel decreases along the direction close to the d-axis.
  • a magnetic conductive channel is formed between adjacent slit slots 2 , and the minimum width of the magnetic conductive channel is more than twice the minimum thickness of the slot 2 adjacent to the magnetic conductive channel and located in the inner layer.
  • the minimum width of the inner layer magnetic conduction channel is L3, which is adjacent to the inner layer magnetic conduction channel and is located in the inner slot.
  • the minimum width of 2 is L1
  • the minimum width of the outer magnetic conductive channel is L4, which is adjacent to the outer magnetic conductive channel
  • the minimum width of the slot 2 located on the inner side is L2, where L3>2 ⁇ L1, L4> 2 x L2.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.
  • the extending direction of the shaft is parallel to the q-axis, so that the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 can be matched with the slit slot 2 to form a smooth rotor magnetic conduction channel.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slots 41 and the independent squirrel cage slots 42 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the q-axis or the d-axis.
  • the extension length of the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 is more than twice its width; and/or the extension length of the independent squirrel cage slot 42 is more than twice its width.
  • the extension length along the q-axis direction is L52, the width is L51, and L52>2 ⁇ L51.
  • the squirrel cage slot adopts a slender structure to place more squirrel cage slots and squirrel cages, thereby improving the starting performance of the motor.
  • a longer squirrel cage slot can increase the squirrel cage slot area and reduce the mouse cage slot resistance. , to further improve the starting performance and ensure the synchronization ability of the motor to start.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with a d-axis squirrel-cage slot 43 , and the d-axis squirrel-cage slot 43 is located on the radially outermost permanent magnet 3 along the d-axis direction on the side close to the outer circumference of the rotor.
  • d-axis squirrel cage slots 43 There are multiple d-axis squirrel cage slots 43 and are distributed symmetrically with respect to the d-axis or the q-axis; and/or, the d-axis squirrel cage slots 43 extend along the d-axis direction.
  • the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 extends along the direction parallel to the d-axis, which can avoid the magnetic saturation phenomenon caused by the decreasing width of the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 in the direction close to the outer circle of the rotor, and at the same time, the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 is formed between the Multiple magnetic conduction channels are convenient for the magnetic lines of force to pass through and improve the output of the motor.
  • the slit slot 2 includes an arc-shaped segment 21 and a straight-line segment 22 , the arc-shaped segment 21 protrudes radially outward, and the straight-line segment 22 is located at both ends of the arc-shaped segment 21 ,
  • the permanent magnets 3 are installed in the arc-shaped section 21 and are adapted to the shape of the arc-shaped section 21.
  • Each layer of the permanent magnets 3 includes one or more permanent magnets, which can effectively utilize the rotor space to arrange the slot slots 2 and the permanent magnets. 3. Improve the utilization rate of motor materials.
  • each layer of the slit slots 2 may also be formed by combining multiple straight segments, and the overall shape of each layer of the permanent magnets 3 protrudes radially outward along the d-axis direction.
  • the slot 2 and the q-axis squirrel cage slots 41 corresponding to both ends of the slot 2 are combined to form a magnetic barrier layer, and the magnetic barrier layer has at least two layers in the radial direction of the rotor core; A certain number of layers of magnetic barriers can ensure a certain salient pole difference, increase the reluctance torque of the motor, and improve the output capacity and efficiency of the motor.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and at least part of the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 is close to the outer circle of the rotor.
  • At least one side of one end is provided with a cut edge 7 .
  • At least one side of at least part of the independent squirrel cage slot 42 close to one end of the outer circumference of the rotor is provided with a cut edge 7 .
  • the trimming 7 can effectively reduce the sudden change of inductance, make the magnetic flux transition slowly, reduce the fluctuation of the magnetic field, and reduce the harmonics and torque ripple of the motor.
  • cut edges 7 are provided on both sides of the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 near one end of the outer circle of the rotor.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42. Under the same pole, the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 6 is L61, and the width of the magnetic bridge 6 between the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the outer circle of the rotor is L62, where L61>L62, so that the independent squirrel cage slot 42 that is not matched with the permanent magnet 3 is connected to the rotor.
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 6 between the outer circles is appropriately enlarged, which can reduce the harmonics of the motor and improve the starting performance of the motor.
  • the rotor core 1 is further provided with a d-axis squirrel cage slot 43, and the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 is located on the radially outermost permanent magnet 3 along the d-axis direction on the side close to the outer circle of the rotor,
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 6 between the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 and the outer circumference of the rotor is L63
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 6 between the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the outer circumference of the rotor is L62, where L63>L62.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42 and a d-axis squirrel cage slot 43.
  • the total area of the squirrel cage slot 4 formed by the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41, the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 is S1
  • the total area of the squirrel cage slot 4 and the slit slot 2 is S, and S1 ⁇ 40%S.
  • 0.5 ⁇ S ⁇ S1 ⁇ 0.7 ⁇ S can ensure a certain amount of area and improve the motor synchronization ability.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with an independent squirrel cage slot 42 and a d-axis squirrel cage slot 43.
  • the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41, the d-axis squirrel cage slot 43 and the independent squirrel cage slot 42 together form a vertical axis along the rotor.
  • the squirrel cage slots 4 arranged in the circumferential direction of the iron core 1 are filled with conductive and non-magnetic material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy. Both ends of the rotor core 1 are provided with end rings 8, and the q-axis squirrel cage groove 41, the d-axis squirrel cage groove 43 and the independent squirrel cage groove 42 are short-circuited through the end ring 8 to form a squirrel cage structure.
  • the filling material in the cage slot 4 is the same.
  • the self-shorting squirrel cage structure provides asynchronous torque in the starting stage of the motor to realize the self-starting of the motor.
  • the multi-layer permanent magnet magnetic barrier structure of the rotor composed of the slit slot 2, the squirrel cage slot 4 and the permanent magnet 3 provides the motor with permanent magnet torque and reluctance torque, so as to realize the synchronous operation of the motor.
  • Both ends of the rotor iron core 1 are provided with non-magnetically conductive baffles 9 , and the non-magnetically conductive baffles 9 can shield the permanent magnets 3 , but do not shield all the slit slots 2 .
  • the non-magnetic baffles 9 can form and fix the two ends of the permanent magnet 3 along the axial direction of the rotor core 1 , and the unshielded part of the slot 2 can form a through hole in the axial direction of the rotor core 1 , which helps air or refrigerant flow, improves rotor heat dissipation, and improves motor efficiency.
  • the rotor core 1 is also provided with rivet holes, and the rotor assembly compresses the non-magnetic baffles 9 at both ends of the rotor core 1 in the axial direction through the rivets 10 to form the rotor assembly.
  • the shaft hole 5 can be circular, oval or rectangular.
  • FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of the torque curves of the motor of the embodiment of the present application and the motor of the related art. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that under the same stator and current, the motor of the embodiment of the present application is adopted. The torque is improved, and the torque peak-to-peak value is reduced, and the torque ripple is reduced, which can achieve better results.
  • a self-starting permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor includes a stator and a rotor assembly, and the rotor assembly is the above-mentioned rotor assembly.
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 6 between the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the outer circumference of the rotor is L62, 0.5 ⁇ L62 ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ , ⁇ is the radial direction of the air gap between the stator and the rotor core 1
  • the width can make the magnetic bridge 6 between the q-axis squirrel cage slot 41 and the outer circumference of the rotor have an appropriate width, which can minimize the magnetic flux leakage while ensuring the mechanical strength of the rotor assembly.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机。该转子组件包括转子铁芯(1)，在转子铁芯(1)的横截面上，转子铁芯(1)设置有狭缝槽(2)、q轴鼠笼槽(41)和永磁体(3)，q轴鼠笼槽(41)设置在狭缝槽(2)的两端，永磁体(3)设置在狭缝槽(2)内，至少沿d轴方向位于最内层的永磁体(3)相对于d轴不对称布置，且位于最内层的永磁体(3)相对于d轴的偏移方向与转子组件的旋转方向一致。

Description

转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机
相关申请
本申请要求2021年1月26日申请的，申请号为202110102655.X，名称为“转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，具体涉及一种转子组件和自起动永磁同步磁阻电机。
背景技术
自起动永磁同步磁阻电机结合了感应电机与同步永磁磁阻电机的结构特点，通过鼠笼感应产生力矩实现起动，通过转子d、q轴磁通差距及永磁体产生的转矩实现恒转速运行，能够直接通入电源实现起动运行。自起动永磁同步磁阻电机可以利用磁阻转矩提升电机输出转矩，与自起动永磁电机相比，永磁体用量减少，成本下降；与异步电机相比，自起动永磁同步磁阻电机效率高，而且转速恒定同步，转速不会随负载的变化而变化。
传统的永磁电机及永磁同步磁阻电机需要驱动器进行起动和控制运行，成本高，控制复杂，而且驱动器占据一部分损耗，使整个电机系统效率下降。
相关技术提供一种自起动永磁同步磁阻电机，以降低永磁体成本，然而相关技术中的永磁体采用长弧形结构，使得与转子旋转方向相反的永磁体一端磁通和转子磁场冲突，导致永磁体利用率降低，电机效率降低。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于提供一种转子组件和自起动永磁同 步磁阻电机，能够使得永磁体磁通更多地往转子组件的旋转方向一侧流通，提高永磁体利用率，提升电机效率。
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供一种转子组件，包括转子铁芯，在转子铁芯的横截面上，转子铁芯设置有狭缝槽、q轴鼠笼槽和永磁体，q轴鼠笼槽设置在狭缝槽的两端，永磁体设置在狭缝槽内，至少沿d轴方向位于最内层的永磁体相对于d轴不对称布置，且位于最内层的永磁体相对于d轴的偏移方向与转子组件的旋转方向一致。
在一些实施例中，永磁体沿着径向方向设置至少两层，相邻的两层永磁体中，位于内层的永磁体在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯的中心所占据的圆心角为a1，位于外层的永磁体在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯的中心所占据的圆心角为a2，其中a1≤a2。所述d轴前侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相同的一侧，所述d轴后侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相反的一侧。
在一些实施例中，转子组件为2极转子结构。
在一些实施例中，每层永磁体形成沿径向向外凸出的结构，每层永磁体包括一块或多块弧形或矩形永磁体。
在一些实施例中，相邻的q轴鼠笼槽之间的导磁通道宽度大于同层的狭缝槽之间的导磁通道的最小宽度。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽与独立鼠笼槽沿周向方向交替排布，独立鼠笼槽两侧的导磁通道的总宽度大于该导磁通道的最小宽度。
在一些实施例中，相邻的狭缝槽之间形成导磁通道，导磁通道沿着靠近d轴的方向厚度变小；和/或，相邻的狭缝槽之间形成导磁通道，导磁通道的最小宽度为与该导磁通道相邻且位于内层的狭缝槽最小厚度的2倍以上。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽与独立鼠笼槽沿周向方向交替排布，q轴鼠笼槽和独立鼠笼槽的延伸方 向与q轴相平行，q轴鼠笼槽和独立鼠笼槽相对于q轴或d轴对称分布。
在一些实施例中，q轴鼠笼槽的延伸长度为所述q轴鼠笼槽宽度的2倍以上；和/或，独立鼠笼槽的延伸长度为独立鼠笼槽宽度的2倍以上。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽，d轴鼠笼槽位于沿d轴方向的径向最外侧的永磁体的靠近转子外圆的一侧。
在一些实施例中，d轴鼠笼槽为多个，且相对于d轴或者q轴对称分布；和/或，d轴鼠笼槽沿d轴方向延伸。
在一些实施例中，狭缝槽包括弧形段和直段，弧形段沿径向向外凸出，直段位于弧形段的两端，永磁体安装在弧形段内，且与弧形段的形状相适配。
在一些实施例中，狭缝槽与两端对应的q轴鼠笼槽组合形成磁障层，磁障层在转子铁芯的径向方向上至少布置两层。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽与独立鼠笼槽沿周向方向交替排布，至少部分q轴鼠笼槽靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边；和/或，至少部分独立鼠笼槽靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽与独立鼠笼槽沿周向方向交替排布，独立鼠笼槽与转子外圆之间的磁桥宽度为L61，q轴鼠笼槽与转子外圆之间的磁桥宽度为L62，其中L61＞
L62；和/或，转子铁芯上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽，d轴鼠笼槽位于沿d轴方向径向最外侧的永磁体靠近转子外圆的一侧，d轴鼠笼槽与转子外圆之间的磁桥宽度为L63，q轴鼠笼槽与转子外圆之间的磁桥宽度为L62，其中L63＞L62。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽和d轴鼠笼槽，q轴鼠笼槽、d轴鼠笼槽和独立鼠笼槽所形成的鼠笼槽的总面积为S1，鼠笼槽和狭缝槽的总面积为S，S1≥40％S。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯上还设置有独立鼠笼槽和d轴鼠笼槽，q轴鼠笼槽、d轴鼠笼槽和独立鼠笼槽内填充导电不导磁材料，转子铁芯的两端设置有端环，q轴鼠笼槽、d轴鼠笼槽和独立鼠笼槽通过端环进行短路连接，形成鼠笼结构。
在一些实施例中，转子铁芯的两端设置有不导磁挡板，不导磁挡板设置为遮挡永磁体。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种自起动永磁同步磁阻电机，包括定子和转子组件，该转子组件为上述的转子组件。
在一些实施例中，q轴鼠笼槽与转子外圆之间的磁桥宽度为L62，0.5σ≤L62≤1.5σ，σ为定子和转子铁芯之间的气隙的径向宽度。
本申请提供的转子组件，包括转子铁芯，在转子铁芯的横截面上，转子铁芯设置有狭缝槽、q轴鼠笼槽和永磁体，q轴鼠笼槽设置在狭缝槽的两端，永磁体设置在狭缝槽内，至少沿d轴方向位于最内层的永磁体相对于d轴不对称布置，且位于最内层的永磁体相对于d轴的偏移方向与转子组件的旋转方向一致。该种结构能够使得偏移永磁体产生的磁通流向更趋于转子q轴磁通方向，提供更多q轴磁体，避免在转子组件转动作用下所造成的永磁体磁通向着转子组件旋转方向后侧偏移导致的永磁体磁通不均衡的问题，使得位于d轴前侧的磁通与位于d轴后侧的磁通可以更加一致，提高永磁体的利用效率，提高电机效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的局部放大结构示意图；
图3为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的轴向视图；
图5为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的不导磁挡板的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一个实施例的转子组件的轴向视图；
图7为本申请实施例的电机与相关技术中的电机的转矩曲线对比图。
附图标记表示为：
1、转子铁芯；2、狭缝槽；21、弧形段；22、直线段；3、永磁体；4、鼠笼槽；41、q轴鼠笼槽；42、独立鼠笼槽；43、d轴鼠笼槽；5、轴孔；6、磁桥；7、切边；8、端环；9、不导磁挡板；10、铆钉。
具体实施方式
结合参见图1至图7所示，根据本申请的实施例，转子组件包括转子铁芯1，在转子铁芯1的横截面上，转子铁芯1设置有轴孔5、狭缝槽2、q轴鼠笼槽41和永磁体3，q轴鼠笼槽41设置在狭缝槽2的两端，永磁体3设置在狭缝槽2内，至少沿d轴方向位于最内层的永磁体3相对于d轴不对称布置，且位于最内层的永磁体3相对于d轴的偏移方向与转子组件的旋转方向一致。
该种结构能够使得偏移永磁体产生的磁通流向更趋于转子q轴磁通方向，提供更多q轴磁体，避免在转子组件转动时造成的永磁体磁通向着转子组件旋转方向后侧偏移，导致的永磁体磁通不均衡的问题，使得位于d轴前侧的磁通与位于d轴后侧的磁通可以更加一致，提高永磁体的利用效率，提高电机效率。所述d轴前侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相同的一侧，所述d轴后侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相反的一侧。
在本实施例中，位于最内层的永磁体3相对于d轴的偏移方向与转子组件的旋转方向一致，是指位于最内层的永磁体3在d轴前侧的永磁体用量大于在d轴后侧的永磁体用量，具体可以表现为，永磁体3相对于d轴而言，位于d轴前侧的永磁体的长度大于位于d轴后侧的永磁体长度，或者位于d轴前侧的永磁体的厚度大于位于d轴后侧的永磁体厚度等，目的是为了使得在转子组件未运转情况下，永磁体3在d轴前侧的磁通量大于在d轴后侧的 磁通量，从而在转子组件旋转时，降低转子组件的转动所造成的磁通偏移情况，使得d轴两侧的磁通量尽量均衡，提高永磁体的利用率，提高电机的效率。
如图2所示，永磁体3沿着径向方向设置至少两层，相邻的两层永磁体3中，位于内层的永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯1的中心所占据的圆心角为a1，位于外层的永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯1的中心所占据的圆心角为a2，其中a1≤a2，从而能够利用内层永磁体3产生更多的q轴磁链，进一步增加电机效率，也能够使得永磁体3的利用更加充分。
以永磁体3沿径向方向布置三层为例，其中位于最外层的永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯1的中心所占据的圆心角为a3，位于中间层的永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯1的中心所占据的圆心角为a2，位于最内层的永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分所占据的圆心角为a1，a1≤a2≤a3。永磁体3以d轴为分界线，在转子组件的旋转方向上，以位于d轴后侧的永磁体3远离d轴一端的端点与转子铁芯1的中心之间的连线为第一连线，该第一连线与d轴之间所形成的夹角即为永磁体3在d轴后侧的部分相对于转子铁芯1的中心所占据的圆心角。
在本实施例中，沿着径向向外的方向，永磁体3向着d轴前侧偏移的比例越来越小。
在一个实施例中，位于中间层和位于最内层的永磁体3均向d轴前侧偏移，位于径向最外侧的永磁体3关于d轴对称。
在一些实施例中，所述转子组件为2极转子结构。
对于电机而言，位于内层的永磁体磁场与定子磁场所产生的力矩更大，对于电机的性能影响也更大，因此，只需要保证位于最内层的永磁体偏移量最大，就能够保证对于电机性能的提升达到最大，结构能够最优化。
在一些实施例中，当永磁体3沿径向方向布置三层时，也可以仅有位于 径向最内层的永磁体3偏移，位于中间层和位于最外层的永磁体3关于d轴对称。
每层永磁体3形成沿径向向外凸出的结构，每层永磁体3包括一块或多块弧形或矩形永磁体。
当一层永磁体3包括多块永磁体时，可以通过偏移部分永磁体3实现偏移，如图3所示，位于最内层的永磁体中，其中一块永磁体3位于d轴前侧，另一块永磁体3关于d轴对称，从而实现永磁体3在d轴前侧的偏移。该种结构，由于永磁体3采用分块结构，因此设计更加灵活，能够更加合理地布置永磁体3的设置位置。
在一些实施例中，相邻的q轴鼠笼槽41之间的导磁通道宽度大于同层的狭缝槽2之间的导磁通道的最小宽度。
转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽41与独立鼠笼槽42沿周向方向交替排布，独立鼠笼槽42两侧的导磁通道的总宽度大于该导磁通道的最小宽度。
如图1所示，以永磁体3沿径向方向布置三层为例，相邻的q轴鼠笼槽41之间均设置有独立鼠笼槽42，其中位于内层的独立鼠笼槽42两侧的导磁通道宽度为L31和L32，位于内层的导磁通道的最小宽度为L3，位于外层的独立鼠笼槽42两侧的导磁通道宽度为L41和L42，位于外层的导磁通道的最小宽度为L4，L31+L32＞L3，L41+L42＞L4。
相邻的狭缝槽2之间形成导磁通道，导磁通道沿着靠近d轴的方向厚度变小。
相邻的狭缝槽2之间形成导磁通道，导磁通道的最小宽度为与该导磁通道相邻且位于内层的狭缝槽2最小厚度的2倍以上。
如图1和图3所示，以永磁体3沿径向方向布置三层为例，内层导磁通道的最小宽度为L3，与内层导磁通道相邻，且位于内侧的狭缝槽2的最小宽度为L1，外层导磁通道的最小宽度为L4，与外层导磁通道相邻，且位于内 侧的狭缝槽2的最小宽度为L2，其中L3＞2×L1，L4＞2×L2。通过上述设计，能够避免鼠笼槽4或者狭缝槽2之间的导磁通道饱和，减小鼠笼槽4对q轴磁通的影响，提高电机输出转矩和效率。
转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽41与独立鼠笼槽42沿周向方向交替排布，q轴鼠笼槽41和独立鼠笼槽42的延伸方向与q轴相平行，从而能够使q轴鼠笼槽41与狭缝槽2配合，形成顺畅的转子导磁通道。q轴鼠笼槽41和独立鼠笼槽42相对于q轴或d轴对称分布。
q轴鼠笼槽41的延伸长度为其宽度的2倍以上；和/或，独立鼠笼槽42的延伸长度为其宽度的2倍以上。
如图3所示，以独立鼠笼槽42为例，其沿q轴方向的延伸长度为L52，宽度为L51，L52＞2×L51。在磁场不饱和情况下；鼠笼槽采用细长结构可放置更多的鼠笼槽鼠笼，从而改善电机起动性能，长一点的鼠笼槽可以增加鼠笼槽面积，减小鼠笼槽电阻，进一步改善起动性能，保证电机启动同步能力。
转子铁芯1上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽43，d轴鼠笼槽43位于沿d轴方向的径向最外侧的永磁体3的靠近转子外圆的一侧。
d轴鼠笼槽43为多个，且相对于d轴或者q轴对称分布；和/或，d轴鼠笼槽43沿d轴方向延伸。
d轴鼠笼槽43沿着平行于d轴的方向延伸，能够避免d轴鼠笼槽43在靠近转子外圆的方向宽度递减而导致磁饱和现象，同时使得d轴鼠笼槽43之间形成多个导磁通道，方便磁力线经过，提高电机的出力。
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，狭缝槽2包括弧形段21和直线段22，弧形段21沿径向向外凸出，直线段22位于弧形段21的两端，永磁体3安装在弧形段21内，且与弧形段21的形状相适配，每层永磁体3包括一块或多块永磁体，可以有效利用转子空间来布置狭缝槽2及永磁体3，提升电机 材料利用率。
在一个实施例中，每层狭缝槽2也可以通过多段直段组合形成，每层永磁体3的整体形状沿d轴方向径向向外突出。
狭缝槽2与该狭缝槽2两端对应的q轴鼠笼槽41组合成形成磁障层，磁障层在转子铁芯径向方向上层数至少两层以上；转子铁芯1上形成一定层数磁障，能够保证一定凸极差，增加电机磁阻转矩，提升电机输出能力及效率。
转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽41与独立鼠笼槽42沿周向方向交替排布，至少部分q轴鼠笼槽41靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边7。
至少部分独立鼠笼槽42靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边7。切边7可以有效的减小电感突变，使得磁通缓慢过渡，减小磁场波动，降低电机谐波及转矩脉动。
在一个实施例中，q轴鼠笼槽41与独立鼠笼槽42靠近转子外圆一端的两侧均设置有切边7。
转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42，同一极下，q轴鼠笼槽41与独立鼠笼槽42沿周向方向交替排布，独立鼠笼槽42与转子外圆之间的磁桥6宽度为L61，q轴鼠笼槽41与转子外圆之间的磁桥6宽度为L62，其中L61＞L62，能够使得不与永磁体3配合相接的独立鼠笼槽42与转子外圆之间的磁桥6的宽度适当放大，可减小电机谐波，改善电机的起动性能。
在一个实施例中，转子铁芯1上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽43，d轴鼠笼槽43位于沿d轴方向的径向最外侧的永磁体3的靠近转子外圆的一侧，d轴鼠笼槽43与转子外圆之间的磁桥6宽度为L63，q轴鼠笼槽41与转子外圆之间的磁桥6宽度为L62，其中L63＞L62。
转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42和d轴鼠笼槽43，q轴鼠笼槽41、d轴鼠笼槽43和独立鼠笼槽42所形成的鼠笼槽4的总面积为S1，鼠笼 槽4和狭缝槽2的总面积为S，S1≥40％S。在一些实施例中，0.5×S＜S1＜0.7×S，能够保证一定的数量面积，改善电机同步能力。
如图6所示，转子铁芯1上还设置有独立鼠笼槽42和d轴鼠笼槽43，q轴鼠笼槽41、d轴鼠笼槽43和独立鼠笼槽42共同组成沿转子铁芯1的周向排布的鼠笼槽4，鼠笼槽4内填充导电不导磁材料，不导磁材料例如铝或者铝合金。转子铁芯1的两端设置有端环8，q轴鼠笼槽41、d轴鼠笼槽43和独立鼠笼槽42通过端环8进行短路连接，形成鼠笼结构，端环的材料与鼠笼槽4内的填充材料相同。自行短路的鼠笼结构在电机起动阶段提供异步转矩，以实现电机的自起动。狭缝槽2、鼠笼槽4和永磁体3组成的转子多层永磁磁障结构为电机提供永磁转矩和磁阻转矩，以实现电机的同步运行。
转子铁芯1的两端设置有不导磁挡板9，不导磁挡板9能够遮挡永磁体3，但是不遮挡所有的狭缝槽2。不导磁挡板9能够对永磁体3沿转子铁芯1的轴向方向的两端形成固定，而狭缝槽2的未被遮挡的部分能够在转子铁芯1的轴向方向形成通孔，有助于空气或冷媒流动，改善转子散热，提升电机效率。
转子铁芯1上还设有铆钉孔，转子组件通过铆钉10将转子铁芯1两端的不导磁挡板9沿轴向压紧，从而组成转子组件。
轴孔5可以为圆形、椭圆形或者矩形。
结合参见图7所示，为本申请实施例的电机与相关技术中的电机的转矩曲线对比图，从图7中可以看出，在相同定子及电流下，采用本申请实施例方案的电机转矩提升，而且转矩峰-峰值减小，转矩脉动减小，能够达到较好效果。
根据本申请的实施例，自起动永磁同步磁阻电机包括定子和转子组件，该转子组件为上述的转子组件。
在一个实施例中，q轴鼠笼槽41与转子外圆之间的磁桥6宽度为L62，0.5σ≤L62≤1.5σ，σ为定子和转子铁芯1之间的气隙的径向宽度，能够使得 q轴鼠笼槽41与转子外圆之间的磁桥6具有合适的宽度，在保证转子组件的机械强度的同时，能够尽量减小漏磁。
本领域的技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。以上仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种转子组件，其特征在于，包括转子铁芯(1)，在所述转子铁芯(1)的横截面上，所述转子铁芯(1)设置有狭缝槽(2)、q轴鼠笼槽(41)和永磁体(3)，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)设置在所述狭缝槽(2)的两端，所述永磁体(3)设置在所述狭缝槽(2)内，至少沿d轴方向位于最内层的所述永磁体(3)相对于d轴不对称布置，且位于最内层的所述永磁体(3)相对于d轴的偏移方向与所述转子组件的旋转方向一致。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述永磁体(3)沿着径向方向设置至少两层，相邻的两层所述永磁体(3)中，位于内层的所述永磁体(3)在d轴后侧的部分相对于所述转子铁芯(1)的中心所占据的圆心角为a1，位于外层的所述永磁体(3)在d轴后侧的部分相对于所述转子铁芯(1)的中心所占据的圆心角为a2，其中a1≤a2；
    所述d轴前侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相同的一侧，所述d轴后侧指的是d轴的与转子组件的旋转方向相反的一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子组件为2极转子结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，每层所述永磁体(3)形成沿径向向外凸出的结构，每层所述永磁体(3)包括一块或多块弧形或矩形永磁体(3)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，相邻的所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)之间的导磁通道宽度大于同层的所述狭缝槽(2)之间的导磁通道的最小宽度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)，同一极下，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与所述独立鼠笼槽(42)沿周向方向交替排布，所述独立鼠笼槽(42)两侧的所述导磁通道的总宽度大于该导磁通道的最小宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，相邻的所述狭缝槽(2)之间形成导磁通道，所述导磁通道沿着靠近d轴的方向厚度变小；和/或，相邻的所述狭缝槽(2)之间形成导磁通道，所述导磁通道的最小宽度为与该导磁通道相邻且位于内层的所述狭缝槽(2)最小厚度的2倍以上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)，同一极下，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与所述独立鼠笼槽(42)沿周向方向交替排布，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)和所述独立鼠笼槽(42)的延伸方向与q轴相平行，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)和所述独立鼠笼槽(42)相对于q轴或d轴对称分布。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)的延伸长度为所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)的宽度的2倍以上；和/或，所述独立鼠笼槽(42)的延伸长度为所述独立鼠笼槽(42)的宽度的2倍以上。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽(43)，所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)位于沿d轴方向的径向最外侧的所述永磁体(3)的靠近转子外圆的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)为多个，且相对于d轴或者q轴对称分布；和/或，所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)沿d轴方向延伸。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述狭缝槽(2)包括弧形段(21)和直段(22)，所述弧形段(21)沿径向向外凸出，所述直段(22)位于所述弧形段(21)的两端，所述永磁体(3)安装在所述弧形段(21)内，且与所述弧形段(21)的形状相适配。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述狭缝槽(2)与两端对应的所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)组合形成磁障层，在所述转子铁芯(1)的径向方向上至少布置两层所述磁障层。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1) 上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)，同一极下，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与所述独立鼠笼槽(42)沿周向方向交替排布，至少部分所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边(7)；和/或，至少部分所述独立鼠笼槽(42)靠近转子外圆一端的至少一边设置有切边(7)。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)，同一极下，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与所述独立鼠笼槽(42)沿周向方向交替排布，所述独立鼠笼槽(42)与转子外圆之间的磁桥(6)宽度为L61，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与转子外圆之间的磁桥(6)宽度为L62，其中L61＞L62；和/或，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有d轴鼠笼槽(43)，所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)位于沿d轴方向径向最外侧的所述永磁体(3)靠近转子外圆的一侧，所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)与转子外圆之间的磁桥(6)宽度为L63，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与转子外圆之间的磁桥(6)宽度为L62，其中L63＞L62。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)和d轴鼠笼槽(43)，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)、所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)和所述独立鼠笼槽(42)所形成的鼠笼槽(4)的总面积为S1，所述鼠笼槽(4)和所述狭缝槽(2)的总面积为S，S1≥40％S。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)上还设置有独立鼠笼槽(42)和d轴鼠笼槽(43)，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)、所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)和所述独立鼠笼槽(42)内填充导电不导磁材料，所述转子铁芯(1)的两端设置有端环(8)，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)、所述d轴鼠笼槽(43)和所述独立鼠笼槽(42)通过所述端环(8)进行短路连接，形成鼠笼结构。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子铁芯(1)的两端设置有不导磁挡板(9)，所述不导磁挡板(9)设置为遮挡所述永磁 体(3)。
  19. 一种自起动永磁同步磁阻电机，包括定子和转子组件，其特征在于，所述转子组件为权利要求1至18中任一项所述的转子组件。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的自起动永磁同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述q轴鼠笼槽(41)与转子外圆之间的磁桥(6)宽度为L62，0.5σ≤L62≤1.5σ，σ为所述定子和所述转子铁芯(1)之间的气隙的径向宽度。
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