WO2022160514A1

WO2022160514A1 - Superconducting direct-current motor without commutation device

Info

Publication number: WO2022160514A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/094230
Authority: WO
Inventors: 董龙飞; 董文山; 丁薇
Original assignee: 潍坊智汇电子科技有限公司
Priority date: 2021-01-29
Filing date: 2021-05-18
Publication date: 2022-08-04
Also published as: CN112510964A; CN112510964B; ZA202110399B

Abstract

A superconducting direct-current motor without a commutation device, comprising a housing (11) and a rotating shaft (12) penetrating through the housing (11). A rotor assembly located in the housing (11) is mounted on the rotating shaft (12); a stator assembly arranged around the rotor assembly is mounted in the housing (11); the stator assembly comprises a superconducting armature assembly; a superconducting shielding cover (21) is provided outside the superconducting armature assembly; a V-shaped groove protruding towards the superconducting armature assembly is formed on the peripheral wall of the superconducting shielding cover (21); a first cooling loop (22) is provided on the superconducting shielding cover (21); the housing (11) is provided with a first cooling port (23) communicated with the first cooling loop (22); and direct current is induced in the superconducting armature assembly, and also passes through the rotor assembly. Therefore, there is no alternating current loss in the superconducting armature assembly and the rotor assembly, thereby improving the mechanical efficiency of a superconducting motor, reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the superconducting motor, reducing the manufacturing cost and the operation cost, and further expanding the selection range of a superconducting wire.

Description

Superconducting DC motor without commutation device

technical field

The invention relates to a superconducting motor, in particular to a superconducting direct current motor without a commutation device.

Background technique

Due to the high current-carrying and zero-resistance properties of superconducting materials, superconducting windings can significantly improve the working performance of motors. A superconducting motor is a motor using superconducting windings, which can be applied only to the DC excitation winding, or can be applied to the DC excitation winding and the AC armature winding at the same time. However, the superconducting wire will produce AC loss under the alternating electromagnetic condition, which reduces the feasibility of the superconducting motor and increases the operating cost. Therefore, most of the superconducting generators and superconducting motors are DC only provided on the rotor. The excitation winding is made of superconducting wire, and the AC armature winding set on the stator is semi-superconducting motor with conventional wire.

In 1831, Faraday discovered the law of electromagnetic induction. Two years later, pixii used the relative motion between the permanent magnet and the coil and a commutator to make a rotating magnetic pole type DC generator. More than a hundred years of improvement and development have formed a DC motor with a modern structure. At present, DC motors are widely used in many fields such as electrolysis, electroplating, electric smelting, ship propulsion, electric rail traction, mechanical processing, and papermaking. However, due to the existence of commutators (including electronic commutators), it is more The AC motor has small capacity, high cost, short life and unstable use, and its application range is greatly limited.

technical problem

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a superconducting DC motor with large capacity and high efficiency without a commutation device.

technical solutions

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a superconducting DC motor without a commutation device, comprising a casing and a rotating shaft penetrating the casing, the rotating shaft is mounted with a rotor assembly located in the casing, and the casing is mounted on the rotating shaft. A stator assembly arranged around the rotor assembly is installed inside; the stator assembly includes a superconducting armature assembly, the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a superconducting shield, and the outer peripheral wall of the superconducting shield is provided with a superconducting shield. a V-shaped groove protruding toward the superconducting armature assembly, the superconducting shield is provided with a first cooling circuit, and the outer casing is provided with a first cooling port communicating with the first cooling circuit; the The rotor assembly includes an excitation winding fixing frame mounted on the rotating shaft, a plurality of magnetic poles circumferentially distributed and axially extending around the rotating shaft are installed on the excitation winding fixing frame, all the magnetic poles have the same magnetic distribution, and the magnetic poles A superconducting excitation winding is installed on it, a superconducting shielding tape extending axially along the rotating shaft is installed on the excitation winding fixing frame between two adjacent magnetic poles, and a third A cooling circuit, the third cooling circuit is arranged around the rotor assembly.

As a preferred technical solution, the superconducting armature assembly includes an armature winding fixing frame, the superconducting armature winding is installed on the armature winding fixing frame, and superconducting shielding is arranged on both sides of the superconducting armature winding a ring; the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a second cooling circuit, and the second cooling circuit communicates with the first cooling circuit.

As a preferred technical solution, a vacuum inner cavity is arranged in the armature winding fixing frame.

As a preferred technical solution, a torque transmission cylinder located outside the rotor assembly is installed on the rotating shaft, and the third cooling circuit is located between the rotor assembly and the torque transmission cylinder.

As a preferred technical solution, rotor superconducting shielding disks are provided on both sides of the rotor assembly, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, and the superconducting shielding disks are installed in the inner cavity of the rotating shaft and located in the rotor. On both sides of the assembly, the superconducting shielding disk is provided with a fourth cooling circuit, and the rotating shaft is provided with a second cooling port communicating with the fourth cooling circuit; the inner cavity of the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

As a preferred technical solution, the third cooling circuit communicates with the fourth cooling circuit.

As a preferred technical solution, the inner cavity enclosed by the casing and the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

As a preferred technical solution, the rotor assembly includes a permanent magnet mounted on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is provided with magnetic yokes located on both sides of the stator assembly.

As a preferred technical solution, the stator assembly further includes a vacuum inner casing, and the stator assembly is installed in the vacuum inner casing.

beneficial effect

Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, a superconducting DC motor without a commutation device includes a casing and a rotating shaft penetrating the casing. The stator assembly provided by the rotor assembly; the stator assembly includes a superconducting armature assembly, the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a superconducting shield, and the outer peripheral wall of the superconducting shield is provided with a direction to the superconducting armature The protruding V-shaped groove of the assembly, the superconducting shield is provided with a first cooling circuit, and the outer casing is provided with a first cooling port communicating with the first cooling circuit; during operation, the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a first cooling circuit. The DC current is induced, and the DC current is also passed through the rotor assembly. Therefore, there is no AC loss in the superconducting armature assembly and the rotor assembly, which not only improves the mechanical efficiency of the superconducting motor, but also reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the superconducting motor. The manufacturing cost and operating cost are reduced, and the selection of superconducting wire rods is also expanded.

Description of drawings

The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor assembly according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In the figure: 11-housing; 12-rotating shaft; 21-superconducting shield; 22-first cooling circuit; 23-first cooling port; 31-armature winding fixing frame; 32-superconducting armature winding; 33-superconducting Conductive shielding ring; 34-second cooling circuit; 41-magnetic pole; 42-superconducting shielding tape; 51-rotor superconducting shielding disk; 52-torque conduction cylinder; 53-fourth cooling circuit; 54-second cooling port; 55-the third cooling circuit; 61-excitation winding fixing frame; 62-superconducting excitation winding; 71-permanent magnet; 72-magnetic yoke; 73-vacuum inner shell.

Embodiments of the present invention

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration only. Needless to say, as those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

Embodiment 1: As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a superconducting DC motor without a commutator device includes a casing 11 and a rotating shaft 12 penetrating the casing 11 , and a rotor located in the casing 11 is mounted on the rotating shaft 12 The outer casing 11 is provided with a stator assembly arranged around the rotor assembly; the stator assembly includes a superconducting armature assembly, and a superconducting shield 21 is provided on the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly. The outer peripheral wall of the cover 21 is provided with a V-shaped groove that protrudes toward the superconducting armature assembly, the superconducting shielding cover 21 is provided with a first cooling circuit 22, and the outer casing 11 is provided with the first cooling circuit 22. The first cooling port 23 to which the cooling circuit 22 communicates.

The superconducting armature assembly includes an armature winding fixing frame 31 on which a superconducting armature winding 32 is installed, and superconducting shielding rings 33 are arranged on both sides of the superconducting armature winding 32; A second cooling circuit 34 is disposed outside the superconducting armature assembly, and the second cooling circuit 34 communicates with the first cooling circuit 22 . The armature winding fixing frame 31 is provided with a vacuum inner cavity.

The rotor assembly includes a field winding fixing frame 61 mounted on the rotating shaft 12 , and a plurality of magnetic poles 41 circumferentially distributed and axially extending around the rotating shaft 12 are mounted on the field winding fixing frame 61 . All the magnetic poles 41 The magnetic distribution of the magnetic poles 41 is the same, a superconducting excitation winding 62 is installed on the magnetic pole 41, and a superconducting excitation winding 61 extending axially along the rotating shaft 12 is installed on the excitation winding fixing frame 61 between the adjacent two magnetic poles 41. For the shielding tape 42, a third cooling circuit 55 is disposed on the outer side of the rotor assembly, and the third cooling circuit 55 is disposed around the rotor assembly. The rotating shaft 12 is mounted with a torque transmission cylinder 52 located outside the rotor assembly, and the third cooling circuit 55 is located between the rotor assembly and the torque transmission cylinder 52 .

Both sides of the rotor assembly are provided with rotor superconducting shielding disks 51 . The rotating shaft 12 is a hollow shaft, the superconducting shielding disk 51 is installed in the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 12 and located on both sides of the rotor assembly, and a fourth cooling circuit 53 is provided on the superconducting shielding disk 51 , the rotating shaft 12 is provided with a second cooling port 54 communicating with the fourth cooling circuit 53 ; the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 12 is a vacuum inner cavity. The inner cavity enclosed by the casing 11 and the rotating shaft 12 is a vacuum inner cavity. The third cooling circuit 55 communicates with the second cooling port 54 through the fourth cooling circuit 53 .

The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the superconducting excitation winding 62 is wound along each magnetic pole 41 , and the superconducting shielding tape 42 is installed between the magnetic poles 41 , so that the magnetic field excited by the magnetic pole 41 follows the radial direction. After the cooling system cools down, the superconducting excitation winding 62, the rotor superconducting shielding disk 51, the superconducting shielding tape 42 installed between the magnetic poles 41, the superconducting shielding cover in the vacuum housing 11 21. The superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting shielding ring 33 are in a superconducting state. According to the Meissner effect, the superconducting excitation winding 62 generates a magnetic field as shown by the dotted line in Fig. The radial direction between the rotor and the stator returns to the magnetic pole 41 through the gap, the superconducting armature winding 32 and the armature winding fixing frame 31 to form a closed magnetic flux. When the rotating shaft 12 is rotated by the external torque, the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the armature winding fixing frame 31 on the side close to the rotating shaft 12 vertically "cuts" the magnetic field lines, and the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 on the side far from the rotating shaft 12 does not Vertically "cut" the magnetic field lines, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the armature winding holder 31 close to the side of the rotating shaft 12 and the part of the superconducting armature winding installed on the side away from the rotating shaft 12 The electromotive force induced by 32 winds in opposite directions and varies in magnitude. The former is greater than the latter. Therefore, the superconducting armature winding 32 outputs DC current, which is the working principle of the superconducting DC generator.

If the superconducting armature winding 32 is input with DC current, the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the armature winding holder 31 close to the side of the rotating shaft 12 is perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the superconducting excitation winding 62, and the part on the side away from the rotating shaft 12 The superconducting armature winding 32 is not perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the superconducting excitation winding 62. According to Ampere's law, the magnetic field excited by the superconducting excitation winding 62 has the same effect on the electromagnetic torque generated by the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 on the side close to the rotating shaft 12 as the superconducting magnetic field. The magnetic field excited by the magnetic field guide winding 62 is opposite to the electromagnetic torque generated by the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the side away from the rotating shaft 12, and the magnitudes are different. The former is greater than the latter. So the shaft 12 rotates, which is the working principle of the superconducting DC motor.

From the description of the working principle, it can be known that the superconducting armature winding 32 in this embodiment induces (or inputs) a direct current, and the superconducting excitation winding 62 also passes a direct current. Therefore, the superconducting armature winding 32 and There is no AC loss in the superconducting excitation winding 62, which not only improves the mechanical efficiency of the superconducting motor, reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the superconducting motor, reduces the manufacturing cost and operating cost, but also expands the selection of superconducting wire rods. In addition, the superconducting field winding 62 is less affected by the electromagnetic abrupt change of the superconducting armature winding 32 during the transient process of the motor operation, so no electromagnetic shielding is required between the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting field winding 62 . In this embodiment, a superconducting shield 21 is used to shield the magnetic field and change the direction of the magnetic field lines. Both the excitation winding and the armature winding use superconducting wires, which greatly reduces the weight and volume of the superconducting motor. The commutation device eliminates the need for brushes, slip rings and other components, and has a very simple structure and more stable and reliable operation. Therefore, high-power or ultra-high-power DC generators and DC motors can be manufactured. In a word, the present embodiment has larger capacity, higher power density, higher efficiency, smaller size, simpler manufacture, lower cost, more reliable use, stable operation, better output DC performance, easier control, and wider application range than the modern DC motor.

In this embodiment, a plurality of superconducting excitation windings 62 and the corresponding superconducting armature windings 32 and the superconducting shield 21 can be added along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 12 to increase the capacity of the motor.

When this embodiment is used as a generator, each superconducting armature winding 32 can be used as multiple power sources to output electrical energy, and can also be connected in series or parallel with other superconducting armature windings 32 to form multiple power sources to output electrical energy. It is also possible to eliminate the step-up transformer and directly output the DC current.

When this embodiment is used as a motor, the speed regulation performance is good, the range is wide, the control is simple, the stepless speed regulation is easy to be realized, and the overload capacity is strong, the mechanical characteristics are excellent, the noise is low, the energy consumption is low, the use is stable and reliable, and the application range is wide.

In this embodiment, the stator assembly can also be rotated around the axis, and the rotor assembly can be used as a generator or a motor without moving.

In this embodiment, the housing 11 adopts a Dewar structure, which is provided with a heat shield cylinder and a vacuum layer, the vacuum layer suppresses the conduction heat through the air, the heat shield cylinder suppresses the radiant heat from the normal temperature outer cylinder, and the armature windings The fixing frame 31 and the casing 11 are made of stainless steel, the two ends of the rotating shaft 12 are made of non-magnetic steel, the superconducting armature winding 32 is made of high temperature superconducting material YBCO/Ag, the superconducting shielding ring 33, the superconducting shielding cover 21, the rotor The superconducting shielding disc 51 and the superconducting shielding tape 42 are made of YBCO and stainless steel, the cooling system uses liquid nitrogen as the refrigerant, and the stator assembly and the rotor assembly are in vacuum.

Embodiment 2: As shown in FIG. 3 , the rotor assembly includes a permanent magnet 71 mounted on the rotating shaft 12 , and the rotating shaft 12 is provided with magnetic yokes 72 located on both sides of the stator assembly. The stator assembly also includes a vacuum inner casing 73 in which the stator assembly is mounted.

The working principle of this embodiment is that after the cooling system cools down, the superconducting shielding ring 33 , the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting shielding cover 21 in the vacuum inside the vacuum inner shell 73 are in a superconducting state. According to the Meissner effect , the permanent magnet 71 excites the magnetic field shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3 , that is, the magnetic field is generated by the permanent magnet radially through the air gap between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, the superconducting armature winding 32 , the armature winding fixing frame 31 and the yoke 72 Returning to the permanent magnet 71, a closed magnetic flux is formed. When the rotating shaft 12 is rotated by the external torque, the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the armature winding fixing frame 31 on the side close to the rotating shaft 12 vertically "cuts" the magnetic field lines, and the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 on the side far from the rotating shaft 12 does not Vertically "cut" the magnetic field lines, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the armature winding holder 31 close to the side of the rotating shaft 12 and the part of the superconducting armature winding installed on the side away from the rotating shaft 12 The electromotive force induced by 32 winds in opposite directions and varies in magnitude. The former is greater than the latter. Therefore, the superconducting armature winding 32 outputs DC current, which is the working principle of the superconducting DC generator.

When DC current is input to the superconducting armature winding 32, since the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the armature winding holder 31 close to the side of the rotating shaft 12 is perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71, the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 on the side away from the rotating shaft 12 is perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71. The armature winding 32 is not perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71. According to Ampere's law, the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71 is opposite to the partial current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the armature winding holder 31 near the side of the rotating shaft 12. The electromagnetic torque and the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71 are opposite to the electromagnetic torque generated by the partial current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the side away from the rotating shaft 12 in opposite directions and different in magnitude. The former is greater than the latter, because the superconducting armature winding 32 It is fixed, so the rotating shaft 12 rotates, which is the working principle of this embodiment as a superconducting DC motor.

In this embodiment, the superconducting armature winding 32 can also be replaced by a conventional armature winding, such as an armature winding composed of copper wires or aluminum wires.

In this embodiment, the vacuum inner shell 73 adopts a Dewar structure, and is provided with a heat shielding cylinder and a vacuum layer. The vacuum layer suppresses the conduction heat through the air, the heat shielding cylinder suppresses the radiant heat from the normal temperature outer cylinder, and the electrical The armature winding fixing frame 31 and the casing 11 are made of stainless steel, the yoke 72 is made of magnetic steel, both ends of the rotating shaft 12 are made of non-magnetic steel, the superconducting armature winding 32 is made of high temperature superconducting material YBCO/Ag, superconducting The shielding ring 33 and the superconducting shield 21 are made of YBCO and stainless steel. The cylindrical permanent magnet 71 radiated and magnetized along the radial direction is made of NdFeB. The magnetic fields excited by the inner and outer surfaces have opposite polarities. The cooling system is made of liquid. Nitrogen acts as a refrigerant, and the stator assembly within the vacuum inner casing 73 is in a vacuum.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 71 excites the magnetic field, avoiding complex technologies such as sealing bearings and rotary infusion. Liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, which greatly reduces the manufacturing cost and operating cost of the motor, and there is no commutation device. Speed regulation performance Excellent, therefore, has a wide range of use.

In this embodiment, the cryostat, the cooling circuit pipe, etc. are known technologies and will not be described in detail.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and the descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description are only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

A superconducting DC motor without a commutator device, comprising a casing and a rotating shaft penetrating the casing, characterized in that: a rotor assembly located in the casing is mounted on the rotating shaft, and a ring of the rotor assembly is installed in the casing. the stator assembly;

The stator assembly includes a superconducting armature assembly, the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a superconducting shield, and the outer peripheral wall of the superconducting shield is provided with a V-shaped groove protruding toward the superconducting armature assembly , the superconducting shield is provided with a first cooling circuit, and the outer casing is provided with a first cooling port communicating with the first cooling circuit;

The rotor assembly includes an excitation winding fixing frame mounted on the rotating shaft, and a plurality of magnetic poles circumferentially distributed and axially extending around the rotating shaft are installed on the excitation winding fixing frame, and the magnetic distribution of all the magnetic poles is the same, so A superconducting excitation winding is installed on the magnetic pole, a superconducting shielding tape extending axially along the rotating shaft is installed on the excitation winding fixing frame between two adjacent magnetic poles, and the outer side of the rotor assembly is provided with a superconducting shielding tape. A third cooling circuit is provided around the rotor assembly.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutator device according to claim 1, wherein the superconducting armature assembly comprises an armature winding fixing frame, and the superconducting armature winding is installed on the armature winding fixing frame. Both sides of the superconducting armature winding are provided with superconducting shielding rings; the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly is provided with a second cooling circuit, and the second cooling circuit is communicated with the first cooling circuit.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutator device according to claim 2, wherein a vacuum inner cavity is arranged in the armature winding fixing frame.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutation device according to claim 1, wherein a torque conduction cylinder located outside the rotor assembly is installed on the rotating shaft, and the third cooling circuit is located between the rotor assembly and the rotor assembly. between the torque transmission cylinders.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutator device according to claim 4, wherein the rotor assembly is provided with rotor superconducting shielding disks on both sides, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, and the superconducting shielding disks are installed on The inner cavity of the rotating shaft is located on both sides of the rotor assembly, the superconducting shielding disk is provided with a fourth cooling circuit, and the rotating shaft is provided with a second cooling port communicating with the fourth cooling circuit ; The inner cavity of the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.
The superconducting direct current motor without a commutation device according to claim 5, wherein the third cooling circuit communicates with the fourth cooling circuit.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutator device according to claim 1, wherein the inner cavity enclosed by the casing and the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotor assembly comprises a permanent magnet mounted on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is provided with two magnets located on the stator assembly. side yoke.
The superconducting DC motor without a commutation device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stator assembly further comprises a vacuum inner casing, and the stator assembly is installed in the vacuum inner casing.