WO2022157841A1 - 監視サーバ、認証システム、監視方法及びプログラム - Google Patents
監視サーバ、認証システム、監視方法及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022157841A1 WO2022157841A1 PCT/JP2021/001761 JP2021001761W WO2022157841A1 WO 2022157841 A1 WO2022157841 A1 WO 2022157841A1 JP 2021001761 W JP2021001761 W JP 2021001761W WO 2022157841 A1 WO2022157841 A1 WO 2022157841A1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a monitoring server, an authentication system, a monitoring method and a program.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for grasping the soundness of a battery from its behavior during charging.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining the positive electrode capacity, the negative electrode capacity, the amount of inactivated Li ions, and the state of charge of the negative electrode of each cell.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose voltage hysteresis.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a method for determining the state of deterioration of a lithium ion battery.
- the power storage device When the power storage device goes into thermal runaway, it can cause a catastrophe such as violently blowing out flames and burning up. Therefore, the user must use the power storage device while paying attention to its soundness. However, since general users are not professionals who are familiar with the structure of the power storage device, it is a heavy burden for them to check the soundness of the power storage device by themselves.
- An object of the present invention is to reduce the user's burden of considering the soundness of the power storage device.
- an acquisition unit that acquires measurement data related to the power storage device of a power storage system that includes a power storage device and an output device; a diagnostic unit that diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data; an authentication result receiving unit that transmits a health diagnosis result of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receives an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; an output content control unit that indicates whether or not the authentication server has authenticated as sound and controls the output content of the authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result; is provided.
- an authentication system includes the monitoring server and an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound.
- the computer Acquiring measurement data about the power storage device of a power storage system having a power storage device and an output device; Diagnosing the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data, transmitting a diagnosis result of the soundness of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receiving an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; A monitoring method is provided for indicating whether or not the authentication server has authenticated as sound, and for controlling the output content of the authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result.
- the computer Acquisition means for acquiring measurement data relating to the power storage device of a power storage system having a power storage device and an output device; diagnostic means for diagnosing the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data; authentication result receiving means for transmitting a diagnosis result of the soundness of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receiving an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; output content control means for indicating whether or not the authentication server has authenticated as sound, and controlling the output content of the authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result;
- a program is provided to act as a
- the user's burden of considering the soundness of the power storage device is reduced.
- the authentication system has a monitoring server 10 and an authentication server 20 .
- the authentication system may further include at least one of monitoring database 30 , authentication database 40 and power storage system 50 .
- the monitoring server 10 and the authentication server 20 are communicably connected by wire and/or wirelessly.
- the monitoring server 10 and the power storage system 50 are communicably connected by wire and/or wirelessly.
- the monitoring server 10 has a function of monitoring and controlling one or more power storage systems 50 (power storage device 51, output device 52 and edge device 53).
- Authentication server 20 has a function of authenticating that power storage device 51 is healthy.
- the monitoring database 30 stores various information processed by the monitoring server 10 .
- the authentication database 40 stores various information processed by the authentication server 20 .
- the power storage device 51 is a device that has a function of storing power, such as a storage battery.
- the output device 52 is a device having a function of outputting various information, such as a display, a speaker, and a lamp.
- the edge device 53 has a function of collecting information about the power storage system 50 and transmitting it to an external device.
- the power storage system 50 performs diagnostic operation at a predetermined timing, and transmits measurement data regarding the power storage device 51 obtained as a result to the monitoring server 10 .
- the monitoring server 10 acquires measurement data related to the power storage device 51 from the edge device 53 and stores it in the monitoring database 30 .
- the monitoring database 30 stores various other information related to the power storage device 51 (for example, cell capacity at shipment, positive electrode capacity at shipment, negative electrode capacity at shipment, positive/negative electrode deviation at shipment, etc.). may be stored. Then, the monitoring server 10 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the measurement data and the like.
- the monitoring server 10 authenticates the diagnosis result of the soundness of the power storage device 51 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “diagnosis result”) and the application for authentication that the power storage device 51 is sound (authentication application). Send to server 20 .
- the monitoring server 10 may further transmit other information such as measurement data regarding the power storage device 51 to the authentication server 20 .
- the authentication server 20 stores various information received from the monitoring server 10 in the authentication database 40 .
- the authentication server 20 determines whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound based on the diagnosis result, and transmits the determined authentication result to the monitoring server 10 .
- the authentication server 20 may store the determined authentication result in the authentication database 40 .
- the monitoring server 10 controls the output contents of the output device 52 based on the authentication result received from the authentication server 20. Specifically, when the authentication result is “contents for authenticating that the power storage device 51 is sound”, the output device 52 is caused to execute output processing corresponding thereto, and the authentication result is “the power storage device 51 is sound”. If it is a content that does not authenticate that it is ", the output device 52 is made to execute an output process corresponding to it. For example, depending on the content of the authentication result, the display/non-display of the authentication mark displayed on the display is switched, or the lighting state of the lamp is switched. Note that the monitoring server 10 may store the received authentication result in the monitoring database 30 .
- FIG. 2 shows the data flow of the authentication system.
- measurement data is transmitted from the power storage system 50 to the monitoring server 10 .
- the measurement data is data related to the power storage device 51, and includes a device ID (identifier), an operation mode (during diagnosis or normal operation) at the time of measurement, an SOC (state of charge) at the time of measurement, a charging current integrated value at the time of measurement, At least one of discharge current integrated value, current, cell voltage and temperature at the time of measurement is included.
- the measurement data may include other item values.
- the monitoring server 10 can store the received measurement data in the monitoring database 30. Also, the monitoring server 10 can diagnose the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the received measurement data, and store the diagnosis result in the monitoring database 30 .
- the monitoring database 30 may store not only the latest data (diagnosis results, measurement data), but also the past data.
- the monitoring server 10 sends the latest diagnosis result and authentication application to the authentication server 20. Also, the monitoring server 10 may further transmit the measurement data to the authentication server 20 .
- the authentication server 20 stores the received information in the authentication database 40.
- the authentication server 20 also determines whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound based on the received diagnostic result, stores the determined authentication result in the authentication database 40, and sends the authentication result to the monitoring server 10.
- Send to The authentication database 40 may store not only the latest data (diagnosis results, measurement data, authentication results) but also past data (including parameters obtained by calculation).
- the monitoring server 10 stores the authentication result received from the authentication server 20 in the monitoring database 30.
- the monitoring database 30 may store past data as well as the latest data (authentication results). Then, the monitoring server 10 determines the output content of the output device 52 based on the authentication result, and transmits a signal for controlling the output content of the output device 52 to the power storage system 50 .
- Each functional unit provided in the monitoring server 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) of any computer, a memory, a program loaded into the memory, a storage unit such as a hard disk that stores the program (stored in advance from the stage of shipping the device). Programs downloaded from storage media such as CDs (Compact Discs) and servers on the Internet can also be stored), and can be realized by any combination of hardware and software centered on the interface for network connection. be done. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that there are various modifications to the implementation method and apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of the monitoring server 10.
- the monitoring server 10 has a processor 1A, a memory 2A, an input/output interface 3A, a peripheral circuit 4A, and a bus 5A.
- the peripheral circuit 4A includes various modules.
- the monitoring server 10 may not have the peripheral circuit 4A.
- the monitoring server 10 may be composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, or may be composed of a single physically and/or logically integrated device. When the monitoring server 10 is composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, each of the plurality of devices can have the above hardware configuration.
- the bus 5A is a data transmission path for mutually transmitting and receiving data between the processor 1A, the memory 2A, the peripheral circuit 4A and the input/output interface 3A.
- the processor 1A is, for example, an arithmetic processing device such as a CPU or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the memory 2A is, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory) or ROM (Read Only Memory).
- the input/output interface 3A includes an interface for acquiring information from an input device, an external device, an external server, an external sensor, a camera, etc., an interface for outputting information to an output device, an external device, an external server, etc. .
- Input devices are, for example, keyboards, mice, microphones, physical buttons, touch panels, and the like.
- the output device is, for example, a display, speaker, printer, mailer, or the like.
- the processor 1A can issue commands to each module and perform calculations based on the calculation results thereof.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a functional block diagram of the monitoring server 10.
- the monitoring server 10 has an acquisition unit 11 , a diagnosis unit 12 , an authentication result reception unit 13 and an output content control unit 14 .
- the acquisition unit 11 acquires measurement data regarding the power storage device 51 from the edge device 53 .
- the measurement data regarding the power storage device 51 includes the device ID that identifies the power storage device 51, the operation mode at the time of measurement (during diagnosis or normal operation), the SOC at the time of measurement, the charge current integrated value at the time of measurement, and the discharge current at the time of measurement. At least one of integrated value, current, cell voltage and temperature is included. Note that the measurement data may include other item values.
- the power storage system 50 performs diagnostic operation at a predetermined timing, and transmits the measurement data obtained as a result to the monitoring server 10 .
- the acquisition unit 11 acquires the measurement data transmitted from the power storage system 50 in this way.
- the predetermined timing may be a predetermined timing at a predetermined time interval, such as once a year, once every six months, once a month, etc., or when an execution instruction is input by a user or the like. It can be the timing.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates various item values for diagnosing the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11 . Then, the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the calculated various item values, and generates a diagnosis result.
- the diagnostic unit 12 can diagnose the soundness of the power storage device 51 using any of the first to eighth diagnostic methods described below.
- the diagnostic unit 12 obtains a reference value (a value obtained by subtracting the open circuit potential of the negative electrode from the open circuit potential of the positive electrode) and the measured value of the open circuit voltage. , and the soundness of the power storage device 51 is determined based on the calculation result. Details will be described below with reference to FIG.
- the “system usage range” in the figure is the design usable range of the power storage device 51, and this range is determined by the manufacturer of the power storage device 51 in consideration of safety and the like.
- the power storage device 51 cannot be charged above the system upper limit SOC or discharged below the system lower limit SOC.
- the SOC of the power storage device 51 is measured multiple times under different conditions.
- the SOC at which the measurement is performed may be predetermined (eg, 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, etc.), or may be determined by computer processing using any method.
- each measurement each of a plurality of cells included in power storage device 51 is measured. Measurement may be performed on all of the plurality of cells included in power storage device 51, or may be performed on some of them.
- ⁇ indicates the timing of each measurement.
- Each measurement is associated with (X(N), V(i, N)).
- N is a measurement number (index indicating a measurement point).
- i is the cell number.
- V(i,N) is the cell OCV (open circuit voltage) measured in the cell with cell number i.
- the pause time varies depending on the capacity and temperature of the cell, the cell OCV can be measured with sufficient accuracy if the pause is about 30 minutes to 2 hours. As is clear from this description, it is actually difficult to continuously measure cell OCV, and it takes a long time to measure the entire cell OCV from SOC 0% to 100%.
- X(N) is the integrated current (time integrated value of current) at the time of measurement of measurement number N in the battery bank to which the cell of cell number i belongs.
- X(N) may be measured by, for example, a coulomb counter, or may be obtained by time-integrating the current measurement value.
- A(i, N) be the charge amount of the negative electrode of each cell at X(N).
- X0(i) is the integrated current when the negative electrode charge amount of each cell is zero.
- the positive/negative electrode deviation B(i) of the cell i is the difference between the state of charge (charge amount Ah) of the positive electrode when the SOC is 0% and the state of charge (charge amount Ah) of the negative electrode when the SOC is 0%.
- the state of charge of the positive electrode at SOC 0% at the time of manufacture matches the state of charge of the negative electrode at SOC 0%, and the difference between them is zero.
- the state of charge of the positive electrode and the negative electrode at SOC 0% changes due to the deterioration of the capacity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the inactivation of Li ions (decrease due to precipitation or formation of compounds). no longer match.
- Vc(Sc) is a function (positive open circuit potential information) that returns the open circuit potential of the positive electrode when the state of charge of the positive electrode is Sc.
- the state of charge Sc of the positive electrode is calculated based on the positive/negative electrode deviation B(i), the positive electrode capacity Cc(i), and the charge amount A(i, N) of the negative electrode, as shown in Equation (1). be.
- the function is inherent in the material that constitutes the positive electrode and is essentially invariant. For example, the function can be obtained in advance by a measurement experiment or the like.
- Va(Sa) is a function (negative electrode open circuit potential information) that returns the open circuit potential of the negative electrode when the state of charge of the negative electrode is Sa.
- the state of charge Sa of the negative electrode is calculated based on the negative electrode capacity Ca(i) and the charge amount A(i, N) of the negative electrode, as shown in Equation (2).
- the function is inherent in the materials that make up the negative electrode and is essentially unchanged. For example, the function can be obtained in advance by a measurement experiment or the like. A preliminary measurement experiment is generally performed by creating an experimental battery called a half cell with a Li metal electrode and an electrode material, and charging and discharging the battery.
- the open circuit voltage of the positive and negative electrodes may change slightly depending on the temperature. In that case, the effect of temperature should be investigated in advance in a laboratory, and the effect of temperature should be included in the functions Vc (Sc) and Va (Sa).
- V(i, N) is the open-circuit voltage of each cell for each measurement. It can be obtained from the measurement data.
- the error variance J (i) is X0 (i), B (i), Cc (i) and Ca(i) becomes a function of the unknowns.
- the diagnosis unit 12 determines X0(i), B(i), Cc(i) and Ca(i) that minimize the error variance J(i). ).
- the value of the error variance J(i) at this time is set as the cell-by-cell evaluation value.
- the cell-by-cell evaluation value is the sum of the squares of the item values (R(i,N)) for each of the multiple measurements for each cell.
- diagnosis unit 12 can calculate the sum of the cell-by-cell evaluation values of each of the plurality of cells as the evaluation value SR of the power storage device 51 based on the following equation (5).
- m is the number of cells to be processed.
- the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on at least one of the cell-by-cell evaluation value and the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in J(i) for each cell calculated from the measurement results. Having an outlier means that there are some abnormal cells in the system. Based on the information, it is possible to determine whether or not maintenance is required. The absence of outliers can be determined by performing, for example, the Smirnov-Grubbs test.
- the diagnosing unit 12 determines that "all cell-by-cell evaluation values are equal to or less than the first reference value", “cell-by-cell evaluation values equal to or greater than a predetermined percentage are equal to or less than the first reference value", and "the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 is equal to or less than the first reference value".
- the power storage device 51 may be determined to be sound when one of the conditions of "below the second reference value” or a condition obtained by connecting a plurality of these conditions with a logical operator is satisfied.
- This diagnostic method can be used, for example, when the positive electrode is NMC and the negative electrode is graphite or HC.
- this illustration is just an example, and is not limited to this. Since the diagnostic method uses a material-specific voltage for the state of charge of the material, it can be applied to combinations of positive and negative electrodes other than those exemplified here.
- Second diagnostic method In the second diagnostic method, similarly to the first diagnostic method, the diagnostic unit 12 obtains a reference value (a value obtained by subtracting the open-circuit potential of the negative electrode from the open-circuit potential of the positive electrode) based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11 ) and the measured value of the open circuit voltage”, and the soundness of the power storage device 51 is determined based on the calculation result.
- a reference value a value obtained by subtracting the open-circuit potential of the negative electrode from the open-circuit potential of the positive electrode
- the power storage device 51 is used only in the range where the voltage is flat as shown in FIG. It cannot be known from the OCV. Therefore, in this method, diagnosis is performed in the same manner as in the first diagnosis method, on the premise that the positive electrode voltage is constant. Specifically, Sc in Equation (3) is a fixed value. As a result, the error variance J(i) is a function of the unknowns X0(i) and Ca(i). Since there are two unknowns, the error variance J(i) is calculated based on the measurement data of at least three measurements, and the evaluation value SR is obtained for diagnosis. Also, here, similarly to the above, soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in J(i) for each cell.
- the diagnostic method can be used, for example, when the positive electrode is LiFePO 4 and the negative electrode is graphite or HC.
- this illustration is just an example, and is not limited to this.
- the voltage hysteresis is relatively large in the OCV, which may deteriorate the diagnostic accuracy.
- the voltage hysteresis of OCV referred to here is the OCV (OCV in the charging direction) measured after charging is temporarily stopped during charging and left until the voltage stabilizes, and the OCV (OCV in the charging direction) that is measured after stopping discharging during discharging. It means that the value of OCV (OCV in the discharge direction) measured after leaving until the voltage stabilizes does not match.
- This discrepancy between the OCV in the charge direction and the OCV in the discharge direction is called OCV voltage hysteresis.
- This voltage hysteresis is about 20 mV at maximum in the case of graphite. Since the positive electrode voltage is almost constant when LiFePO4 is the positive electrode, the diagnosis error increases if the voltage hysteresis is not considered.
- This voltage hysteresis can be obtained by measuring the voltage when the battery is discharged or charged by a predetermined amount from a reference charge/discharge state and left until the voltage stops changing.
- the OCP of the electrode material and the OCV of the battery voltage can be measured in advance by appropriately stopping charging or discharging and leaving the charge until the voltage change disappears.
- the positive OCP, the negative OCV, and the battery voltage OCV each have a value in the charge direction and a value in the discharge direction. (See Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- a third diagnostic method comprises a configuration that solves the problem.
- the SOC of the power storage device 51 is measured multiple times under different conditions. Then, in the third diagnostic method, it is specified whether each measurement corresponds to the measurement in the charge direction or the measurement in the discharge direction. For example, assume that the transition of the SOC at the measurement timing is "10% ⁇ 90% ⁇ 75% ⁇ 65% ⁇ 30% ⁇ 10%". In this case, measurements at SOC 10%, 30%, 65%, and 75% are measurements in the discharge direction, and the OCV measured at this time is the discharge OCV. Then, the measurement when the SOC is 90% is the measurement in the charging direction, and the OCV measured at this time is the charging OCV.
- the positive OCP and negative OCP when measuring in the charging direction and the positive OCP and negative OCP when measuring in the discharging direction are obtained in advance. These can be measured in advance using, for example, a half cell made of Li electrodes and electrode materials.
- the third diagnostic method in the calculation of R(i, N) using the above formula (3), the previously measured "positive OCP/negative OCP during measurement in the charging direction” ” is used, and the previously measured “positive OCP/negative OCP at the time of measurement in the discharge direction” is used in the measurement in the discharge direction. That is, the values of the positive OCP and the negative OCP used to calculate R(i, N) are made different depending on whether the measurement is performed in the charge direction or in the discharge direction.
- Other configurations of the third diagnostic method are the same as those of the first diagnostic method.
- Details of the measurement timing (SOC transition) of a battery with large hysteresis may be determined as follows.
- the charge direction cell OCV is measured in advance from SOC 0% in steps of, for example, 5%, and then the discharge direction cell OCV is measured in steps of, for example, 5% from SOC 100%.
- OCV measurement is performed in increments of 5% from 20%, and compared with the previously measured charging direction OCV value, both are sufficient.
- the SOC at which the accuracy begins to match (for example, the SOC at which the mutual difference is equal to or less than the measurement accuracy of the voltage measurement IC + ⁇ ) is obtained (for example, assume that this value is 70%).
- the measurement timing (SOC transition) can be determined as SOC 20% ⁇ 70% ⁇ 80% ⁇ 60% ⁇ 30% ⁇ 20%.
- FIG. 13 shows the positive and negative OCP, the voltage gradient dV/dSOC with respect to the charged state of the positive and negative OCP, and the battery OCV.
- SOC state of charge
- the resolution of Sc and Sa in formulas (1) to (3) with respect to the slope dV/dSOC of the positive and negative OCP is Vres/((dV/dSOC)).
- the accuracy of Sc and Sa is Vacu/((dV/dSOC)).
- the measurement resolution of the cell voltage measurement IC used in the battery system is 1 mV
- the measurement accuracy is plus or minus 1 mV
- the OCV slope is 2 mV/%
- the resolution of Sa and Sc is relative to the cell capacity. 0.5%
- the accuracy is plus or minus 0.5%, and practically sufficient measurement accuracy can be obtained.
- two or more points with large dV/dSOC on the positive and negative OCP curves are selected as measurement points.
- (1) and (3) are selected from regions where the dV/dSOC of the negative electrode is large
- (2) and (4) are selected from regions where the dV/dSOC of the positive electrode is large.
- the positive and negative electrode deviation B, the cell capacity Ccell, the positive and negative electrode capacities Cc and Ca of the cell in a new state are measured in a laboratory at the cell level, for example, based on the conditions shown in FIG.
- the SOC of (4) can be determined.
- the power storage system manages the battery system by SOC, and by giving the target SOC, it is possible to charge and discharge the system SOC to the target value.
- the measured values of B, Ccell, Cc, and Ca in the immediately preceding diagnosis may be used to determine the SOC of measurement points (1) to (4) based on the conditions shown in FIG. 14, for example. good. Since a large number of cells are used in an actual system, B, Ccell, Cc, and Ca are statistical values (mean, maximum, minimum, mode, median, etc.) of measurements of multiple cells in each system. ) can be used.
- the positive and negative electrode capacities and positive and negative electrode deviations change due to deterioration of the battery, it is possible to perform accurate diagnosis even after deterioration by calculating the cell measurement points by calculation. If the electrode material is known in the absence of laboratory data, the OC of the material is known and the target measured SOC of the positive and negative electrodes can be determined based on that known value. Diagnosis accuracy can be improved by repeating diagnosis.
- OCV curves appropriately measured during charging from a reference state of SOC 0% for example, OCV measurement values at SOC: 0, 10, 20, 90, 100%
- OCV curves measured while discharging to 20% SOC and then charging from 20% SOC may not match with sufficient accuracy.
- the positive and negative charge states Sct and Sat when switching from discharging to charging are passed as arguments to the positive and negative OCP calculation function, that is, as Vc (Sct, Sc) and Va (Sat, Sc). It should be calculated as follows.
- cell OCV measurement for diagnostic operation is performed at SOCs of 10%, 20%, 60%, and 90%.
- X (0) is measured at SOC 10% (OCV does not have to be measured)
- X (4), V (i, 4) is measured at SOC 90%
- SOC 60 % then measure (X (3), V (i, 3)) at SOC 20%
- X (2), V (i, 2) is measured at SOC 10% (X (1) , V(i,1)) are measured.
- the above formula (3) is calculated for the measured values.
- the functions Vc and Va may be measured in advance in a laboratory or the like to obtain approximate functions, or may be obtained in advance by the method described in Non-Patent Document 3.
- the OCV is the voltage obtained by measuring after the voltage stops changing after the current for charging or discharging stops, but depending on the type of battery, the waiting time may take nearly two hours. Also, it is difficult to judge whether the battery voltage has converged or not, because the voltage change may continue very slowly for a long time (for example, 1 mV/10 minutes continues for 1 hour). It is known that a transient change in battery voltage can be represented by a circuit such as that shown in FIG.
- Vocv is the OCV of the cell
- V is the measured voltage
- ⁇ V is the transient voltage change
- R1 and R2 are the resistance values
- IR1 and IR2 are the currents flowing through the resistors
- C1 and C2 are the capacitances of the capacitors
- IC1 and IC2 are the capacitors.
- the currents flowing, V1 and V2 are the voltages across the resistors and capacitors.
- the voltage after setting the charge/discharge current to zero may be calculated using the formula shown in FIG.
- OCV can be obtained in a realistic measurement time (for example, about 30 minutes).
- the initial values V1, ini, V2, ini, R1, R2, C1, C2, and Vocv of V1 and V2 are set to match the change in the voltage V measured before the voltage converges completely. can ask. Since there are 7 independent variables, it can be calculated from 7 or more measurement points. A more complicated circuit model for increasing the accuracy of fitting has been published in papers and the like, but the circuit shown in FIG. 16 is sufficient for practical use.
- the diagnostic unit 12 obtains a reference value (a value obtained by subtracting the negative open-circuit potential from the positive open-circuit potential) based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11. ) and the measured value of the open circuit voltage”, and the soundness of the power storage device 51 is determined based on the calculation result.
- the fourth diagnostic method differs from the first diagnostic method in how to obtain X0(i), B(i), Cc(i) and Ca(i).
- measurement is performed at the lower limit SOC of the system utilization range, and then charging to the upper limit SOC and measurement is performed again. Then, the charging current and voltage during charging during that time are measured.
- the measurement range does not necessarily have to be between the lower limit SOC and the upper limit SOC, but doing so increases the accuracy.
- the diagnosis unit 12 uses the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 to determine X0(i), B(i), Cc(i) and Ca(i). Ask for Then, the diagnosis unit 12 determines the positive electrode state of charge Sc, the negative electrode state of charge Sa, the difference R(i , N), the cell-by-cell evaluation value (error variance J(i)), the evaluation value SR of the power storage device 51, and the like can be calculated. Further, similarly to the above, soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in X0(i), B(i), Cc(i), and Ca(i) for each cell.
- This diagnostic method is applicable to positive and negative electrodes made of any material, without any restrictions on the materials of the positive and negative electrodes.
- the diagnostic unit 12 calculates "the positive electrode capacity Cc(i) and the negative electrode capacity Ca(i)" based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and based on the calculation result, the power storage device 51 determine the soundness of Details will be described below.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates "positive electrode capacity Cc(i) and negative electrode capacity Ca(i)" for each cell i based on the measurement data obtained by the obtaining unit 11, and uses this value as the evaluation value for each cell. Calculation of the positive electrode capacity Cc(i) and the negative electrode capacity Ca(i) can be realized, for example, by the method described in the first to fourth diagnostic methods.
- diagnosis unit 12 can calculate the positive electrode evaluation value SRc and the negative electrode evaluation value SRa of the power storage device 51 based on the following equations (6) and (7).
- Ccave is the average value of Cc(i) of the cells contained in the system.
- Caave is the average value of Ca(i) of multiple cells included in the system.
- the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on at least one of the cell-by-cell evaluation value, the evaluation value of the positive electrode of the power storage device 51, and the evaluation value of the negative electrode of the power storage device 51.
- the diagnostic unit 12 determines that “all cell-by-cell evaluation values are equal to or less than the third reference value”, “cell-by-cell evaluation values equal to or greater than a predetermined percentage are equal to or less than the third reference value”, “evaluation of the positive electrode of the power storage device 51 value is equal to or less than the fourth reference value” and "the evaluation value of the negative electrode of the power storage device 51 is equal to or less than the fifth reference value", or a condition in which a plurality of these conditions are connected by a logical operator is satisfied, the power storage device 51 may be determined to be sound.
- soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in Cc(i) and Ca(i) for each cell.
- the diagnostic unit 12 calculates the “positive/negative electrode deviation B(i)” based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and judges the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the calculation result. Details will be described below.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates the "positive/negative electrode deviation B(i)" for each cell i based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and uses this value as the cell-by-cell evaluation value.
- the positive/negative deviation B(i) can be calculated by the method described in the first to fourth diagnostic methods, for example.
- the diagnosis unit 12 can calculate the evaluation value RB of the power storage device 51 based on the following equation (8).
- Bave is the average value of B(i) for multiple cells included in the system.
- the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on at least one of the cell-by-cell evaluation value and the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- the diagnosing unit 12 determines that "all cell-by-cell evaluation values are equal to or less than the sixth reference value", “cell-by-cell evaluation values of a predetermined proportion or more are equal to or less than the sixth reference value”, and "the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 is equal to or less than the sixth reference value".
- the power storage device 51 may be determined to be sound when one of the conditions "below the seventh reference value” or a condition obtained by connecting a plurality of these conditions with a logical operator is satisfied.
- the diagnostic unit 12 calculates the "negative electrode utilization rate Aar(i)" based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and judges the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the calculation result. Details will be described below.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates the "negative electrode utilization rate Aar(i)" for each cell i based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and uses this value as the evaluation value for each cell.
- the negative electrode utilization rate Aar(i) is defined by the following equations (9) and (10).
- Socmax is the SOC of the upper limit of the system usage range.
- Socmin is the SOC at the lower limit of the system utilization range.
- X(i, socmax) is the integrated current measured when the SOC of the battery bank to which the cell with cell number i belongs is at the upper limit of the system utilization range, and can be measured by charging the system to the upper limit SOC.
- X(i, socmin) is the integrated current measured when the SOC of the battery bank to which the cell with cell number i belongs is at the lower limit of the system utilization range, and can be measured by discharging the system to the lower limit SOC.
- diagnosis unit 12 can calculate the evaluation value SRAar of the power storage device 51 based on the following equation (11).
- Aarave is the average value of Ar(i) for multiple cells in the system.
- the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on at least one of the cell-by-cell evaluation value and the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- the diagnosis unit 12 determines that "all cell-by-cell evaluation values are equal to or less than the eighth reference value", “cell-by-cell evaluation values of a predetermined percentage or more are equal to or less than the eighth reference value", and "the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 is equal to or less than the eighth reference value".
- the power storage device 51 may be determined to be healthy when one of the conditions "below the ninth reference value” or a condition obtained by connecting a plurality of these conditions with a logical operator is satisfied. It should be noted that the lower the negative electrode utilization rate, the lower the possibility of lithium deposition and the safer.
- the diagnostic unit 12 calculates the “negative electrode SOC (Soca(i)) at the upper limit SOC” based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and based on the calculation result, the power storage device 51 Determine soundness. Details will be described below.
- the upper limit SOC is the SOC at the upper limit of the system usage range.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates the “negative electrode SOC at the upper limit SOC (Soca(i))” for each cell i based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and uses this value as the cell-by-cell evaluation value.
- the negative electrode SOC (Soca(i)) at the upper limit SOC is defined by the following equation (12).
- A(i, socmax) is a value obtained by subtracting X0(i) from X(i, socmax).
- X(i, socmax) may be measured by charging to the SOC upper limit of the system at the time of measurement. Alternatively, it may be calculated based on the SOC and capacity information displayed by the system and X0(i).
- diagnosis unit 12 can calculate the evaluation value SRSoca of the power storage device 51 based on the following equation (13). Socaave is the average value of Soca(i) of multiple cells included in the system.
- the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on at least one of the cell-by-cell evaluation value and the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- the diagnosis unit 12 determines that "all cell-by-cell evaluation values are equal to or less than the tenth reference value", “cell-by-cell evaluation values of a predetermined percentage or more are equal to or less than the tenth reference value", and "the evaluation value of the power storage device 51 is equal to or less than the tenth reference value".
- the power storage device 51 may be determined to be sound if one of the conditions "below the 11th reference value” or a condition obtained by connecting a plurality of these conditions with a logical operator is satisfied.
- the diagnostic unit 12 calculates the “lithium ion deactivation amount Li Li (i)” based on the measurement data acquired by the acquisition unit 11, and based on the calculation result, the health of the power storage device 51. determine gender. Details will be described below.
- the deactivation amount Li Li (i) of lithium ions is obtained by the following formula (14) using the positive and negative electrode shift B(i) of the cell i and the deterioration amount Lca(i) from the time of manufacture of the positive electrode. can be defined.
- Lca(i) can be defined by the following formula (15).
- the lithium ion deactivation amount Li Li (i) can be defined as follows. Using this formula, the inactivation amount Li Li (i) of lithium ions can be obtained.
- L Liave whose evaluation value may be calculated by the following formula (17) to evaluate soundness, is the average value of Li Li (i) of a plurality of cells included in the system. Further, similarly to the above, soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in Li Li (i) for each cell.
- the diagnosis unit 12 obtains X0(i) and Ccell(i) for each cell so that J(i) defined by the following formulas (18) to (20) is minimized.
- N is the measurement number (index indicating the measurement point).
- Ccell(i) is the capacitance per cell and Vcell(SOC) is a function that returns the voltage for a given SOC at manufacture.
- the evaluation value SR in the battery system can be obtained from the above value J(i) and can be determined. In addition, as in the above, soundness can also be determined by the absence of statistical outliers in J(i) for each cell.
- the eleventh diagnostic method employs at least two of the first to tenth diagnostic methods. Then, the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses that the electric power storage device 51 is healthy when it is determined to be healthy by all the adopted diagnostic methods.
- the diagnostic unit 12 determines the "difference between the reference value (the value obtained by subtracting the open-circuit potential of the negative electrode from the open-circuit potential of the positive electrode) and the measured value of the open-circuit voltage," the “capacity of the positive electrode,” capacity”, “positive/negative electrode deviation”, “amount of deactivated Li ions”, “negative electrode utilization rate”, and “negative electrode SOC at upper limit SOC”. sex can be diagnosed.
- the diagnosis unit 12 performs the “reference value and the measured value of the open circuit voltage and the At least one item value among "difference between”, “positive electrode capacity”, “negative electrode capacity”, “positive/negative electrode deviation”, “deactivated Li ion amount”, “negative electrode utilization rate” and “negative electrode SOC at upper limit SOC” can be calculated. Then, the diagnosing unit 12 determines at least "a comparison result between the item value in each of the plurality of cells and the first reference value" and "a comparison result between the variance of the item value in the plurality of cells and the second reference value". Based on one, the soundness of the power storage device 51 can be diagnosed.
- diagnosis unit 12 can diagnose soundness based on the presence or absence of outliers in the parameters measured for each cell.
- the authentication result reception unit 13 transmits the diagnosis result of the diagnosis unit 12 and the authentication application to the authentication server 20 . Then, the authentication result receiving unit 13 receives the authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server 20 as a reply.
- the authentication result indicates “whether to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound”.
- the output content control unit 14 controls the output content of the authentication information output by the output device 52 based on the authentication result received by the authentication result receiving unit 13 .
- the output device 52 may be a display, and the authentication information may be a certification mark. Then, the output content control unit 14 may switch display/non-display of the authentication mark according to the authentication result. For example, when the authentication result is "the content for authenticating that the power storage device 51 is sound", the output content control unit 14 causes the display to display the authentication mark, and the authentication result is "the power storage device 51 is sound.” If the content is not authenticated, the authentication mark on the display may be hidden.
- the output device 52 may be a lamp, and the authentication information may be the lighting state of the lamp. Then, the output content control unit 14 may switch the lighting state of the lamp according to the authentication result. For example, the output content control unit 14 turns on the lamp when the authentication result is “contents to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound”, and “contents not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound”. , and vice versa. In addition, the output content control unit 14 may change the color of the lamp or change the lighting mode (blinking, constant lighting, etc.) according to the authentication result.
- the output device 52 may be a speaker, and the authentication information may be a warning sound or warning information output from the speaker. Then, the output content control unit 14 may switch the output state of the warning sound and the warning information according to the authentication result. For example, when the authentication result is “the content for authenticating that the power storage device 51 is healthy”, the output content control unit 14 does not output the warning sound or the warning information, and “the power storage device 51 is healthy”. If the content is "not authenticated”, a warning sound or warning information may be output.
- FIG. 3 An example of the hardware configuration of the authentication server 20 is shown in FIG. 3, like the monitoring server 10.
- the authentication server 20 has a processor 1A, a memory 2A, an input/output interface 3A, a peripheral circuit 4A and a bus 5A.
- the peripheral circuit 4A includes various modules.
- the authentication server 20 may not have the peripheral circuit 4A.
- the authentication server 20 may be composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, or may be composed of a single physically and/or logically integrated device. When the authentication server 20 is composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, each of the plurality of devices can have the above hardware configuration. Since the detailed description of FIG. 3 has been given above, the description is omitted here.
- the authentication server 20 Upon receiving the diagnostic result and the authentication application from the monitoring server 10, the authentication server 20 determines whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound based on the received diagnostic result. The authentication server 20 then transmits the determined authentication result to the monitoring server 10 .
- the content of the processing for determining whether or not to authenticate the soundness is a design matter, but for example, the authentication server 20 may decide to authenticate the soundness when a predetermined authentication condition is satisfied.
- Predetermined authentication conditions include "the diagnosis result by the monitoring server 10 indicates that the system is healthy", “the diagnosis result and authentication application received from the monitoring server 10 are valid", and the like. , but not limited to. Any conventional technique can be adopted as a method for judging the validity of the diagnostic result and authentication application received from the monitoring server 10 .
- the power storage system 50 executes diagnostic operation and generates measurement data regarding the power storage device 51 (S10). Then, the power storage system 50 transmits the generated measurement data to the monitoring server 10 (S11).
- the monitoring server 10 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 based on the received measurement data (S12), and transmits the diagnosis result and the authentication application to the authentication server 20 (S13).
- the authentication server 20 determines whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is healthy based on the received diagnosis result (S14), and transmits the determined authentication result to the monitoring server 10 (S15).
- the monitoring server 10 determines the output content of the output device 52 based on the received authentication result (S16), and transmits an output content control signal for outputting the determined output content to the power storage system 50 (S17).
- the output device 52 of the power storage system 50 executes output processing according to the output content control signal (S18).
- the acquisition unit 11 of the monitoring server 10 acquires the measurement data generated at that timing from the power storage system 50 at a predetermined timing or in response to a request from the user. Then, the diagnosis unit 12 diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device 51 according to acquisition of the measurement data by the acquisition unit 11 . Then, the authentication result receiving unit 13 transmits the diagnosis result to the authentication server 20 and receives the authentication result from the authentication server 20 according to the soundness diagnosis of the power storage device by the diagnosis unit 12 . Then, the output content control unit 14 controls the output content of the authentication information in the output device 52 in accordance with the reception of the authentication result by the authentication result receiving unit 13 .
- the authentication result is transmitted from the authentication server 20 to the power storage system 50 (without going through the monitoring server 10) in S15. Then, the power storage system 50 controls the output content of the authentication information from the output device 52 based on the received authentication result.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates various item values in S12, and does not compare various item values with reference values. Then, the authentication result receiving unit 13 transmits various item values to the authentication server 20 as a diagnosis result (S13). The authentication server 20 compares various item values with reference values, and determines whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is healthy based on the comparison result (S14).
- the soundness of the power storage device 51 is diagnosed, and based on the diagnosis result, it is determined whether or not to authenticate that the power storage device 51 is sound.
- the output device 52 can be made to output according to the result. The user can easily determine whether or not the power storage device 51 is healthy based on the output contents of the output device 52 . As a result, the user's burden of considering the soundness of the power storage device 51 can be reduced.
- the authentication system can determine the soundness of the power storage device 51 by various new characteristic methods.
- the power storage system 50 performs diagnostic operation at a predetermined timing (once a year, once every six months, once a month, when an execution instruction is input by a user, etc.). , an authentication decision was made.
- the monitoring server 10 of the present embodiment has a function of judging the necessity of the diagnostic operation during this timing and executing the diagnostic operation when it is judged to be necessary. A detailed description will be given below.
- the power storage system 50 constantly or periodically performs measurements even during normal operation, not diagnostic operation, and transmits the resulting measurement data to the monitoring server 10 .
- the measurement data obtained in the measurement during normal operation is the same type of data as the measurement data obtained in the measurement during diagnostic operation. However, in the measurement during normal operation, the use of the power storage device 51 is prioritized over the measurement. For this reason, for example, control such as "After measuring at the lower limit SOC of the system utilization range, charging to the upper limit SOC, measuring again, and measuring at a predetermined SOC in between", that is, "at a predetermined SOC" It is difficult to control "to measure”. For this reason, measurement data obtained from measurement during normal operation differs from measurement data obtained from measurement during diagnostic operation in that "measurement at a predetermined SOC" may not be achieved.
- the acquisition unit 11 of the monitoring server 10 acquires the measurement data obtained by the measurement during normal operation transmitted from the power storage system 50 in this way.
- the diagnosis unit 12 detects the necessity of diagnostic operation based on measurement data obtained during normal operation. Then, when the diagnosis unit 12 determines that the diagnosis operation is necessary, the diagnosis unit 12 transmits an instruction signal for executing the diagnosis operation to the power storage system 50 . When the power storage system 50 receives the instruction signal to execute the diagnostic operation, the power storage system 50 executes the diagnostic operation accordingly and transmits the measurement data obtained by the measurement of the diagnostic operation to the monitoring server 10 . The monitoring server 10 then executes the processing described in the first embodiment.
- the diagnosis unit 12 can realize the detection based on either of the following first and second detection methods.
- the diagnosis unit 12 calculates X0 ( Find i). Specifically, when the values of B(i), Cc(i) and Ca(i) are obtained, the error variance J(i) defined by the above equations (1) to (4) is X0(i) becomes a function of the unknowns. The diagnosis unit 12 obtains the value of X0(i) that minimizes the error variance J(i) based on the function and measurement data obtained during normal operation. Then, the difference between the error variance J(i) at this time (when the error variance J(i) is minimized) and the error variance J(i) during the most recent diagnostic operation is evaluated as an intermediate evaluation for each cell. value.
- J N (i) is the variance newly obtained using B(i), Cc(i), and Ca(i) calculated during the most recent diagnostic operation
- J 0 (i) is the most recent variance.
- the cell-by-cell intermediate evaluation value is a value obtained by subtracting J 0 (i) from J N (i). Diagnose using this value.
- the diagnostic unit 12 can calculate the sum of the cell-by-cell intermediate evaluation values of each of the plurality of cells as the intermediate evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- the diagnosis unit 12 determines the necessity of diagnostic operation based on at least one of the cell-by-cell intermediate evaluation value and the intermediate evaluation value of the power storage device 51 .
- the diagnosis unit 12 determines that "all cell-by-cell intermediate evaluation values are equal to or greater than the 12th reference value", "a predetermined percentage or more of the cell-by-cell intermediate evaluation values are equal to or greater than the 12th reference value", and "the intermediate evaluation value of the power storage device 51 is equal to or greater than the 12th reference value”. If one of the conditions "evaluation value is greater than or equal to the thirteenth reference value” or a condition obtained by connecting a plurality of these conditions with a logical operator is satisfied, it is determined that diagnostic operation is necessary.
- the power storage device 51 is used only in a flat voltage range as shown in FIG. Assuming that the positive electrode voltage is constant and Sc is a fixed value, the error variance J(i) is a function of X0(i) and Ca(i) as unknowns. Since there are two unknowns, the values of X0(i) and Ca(i) that minimize the error variance J(i) can be obtained based on the measurement data of at least two measurements.
- X0(i) and Ca(i) can be obtained by the method described in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, there is a range in which the voltage of the negative electrode is also almost constant (invalid range in the figure). can wait for the next measurement data.
- the diagnostic unit 12 determines the necessity of diagnostic driving by the same method as the first detection method.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment are realized. Further, a process for detecting the necessity of diagnostic driving can be executed even during diagnostic driving, and diagnostic driving can be executed according to the detection. Therefore, an abnormality in the power storage system 50 can be detected early.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a functional block diagram of the diagnostic device 60 of this embodiment.
- the diagnostic device 60 has a diagnostic section 61 .
- Diagnosis unit 61 diagnoses the soundness of power storage device 51 based on measurement data relating to power storage device 51 .
- the configuration of the diagnostic unit 61 is the same as the configuration of the diagnostic unit 12 of the monitoring server 10 .
- diagnostic device 60 has processor 1A, memory 2A, input/output interface 3A, peripheral circuit 4A, and bus 5A.
- the peripheral circuit 4A includes various modules.
- the diagnostic device 60 may not have the peripheral circuit 4A.
- the diagnostic device 60 may be composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, or may be composed of one device that is physically and/or logically integrated. When the diagnostic device 60 is composed of a plurality of physically and/or logically separated devices, each of the plurality of devices can have the above hardware configuration. Since the detailed description of FIG. 3 has been given above, the description is omitted here.
- acquisition means "acquisition of data stored in another device or storage medium by one's own device (active acquisition)", for example, receiving by requesting or querying other devices, accessing and reading other devices or storage media, etc., and based on user input or program instructions, " Inputting data output from other devices to one's own device (passive acquisition), for example, receiving data distributed (or transmitted, push notification, etc.), and received data or information Selecting and acquiring from among, and “editing data (text conversion, rearranging data, extracting some data, changing file format, etc.) to generate new data, and/or "obtaining data”.
- editing data text conversion, rearranging data, extracting some data, changing file format, etc.
- an acquisition unit that acquires measurement data related to the power storage device of a power storage system that includes a power storage device and an output device; a diagnostic unit that diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data; an authentication result receiving unit that transmits a health diagnosis result of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receives an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; an output content control unit that indicates whether or not the authentication server has authenticated as sound and controls the output content of the authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result; A monitoring server with 2.
- the output content control unit is displaying an authentication mark on the display, which is the output device, if the authentication result is content to authenticate that the power storage device is sound; 2.
- 3. At least one of the difference between the reference value and the measured value of the open circuit voltage, the positive electrode capacity, the negative electrode capacity, the amount of inactivated Li, the negative electrode utilization rate, and the negative electrode SOC at the upper limit SOC (state of charge).
- the monitoring server according to 1 or 2 which diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device based on. 4.
- the diagnosis unit At least one of a difference between a reference value and a measured value of an open circuit voltage, a positive electrode capacity, a negative electrode capacity, an amount of inactivated Li, a negative electrode utilization rate, and a negative electrode SOC at an upper limit SOC for each of a plurality of cells provided in the power storage device. Calculates two item values, Based on at least one of a comparison result of the item value and a first reference value in each of the plurality of cells and a comparison result of the variance of the item value in the plurality of cells and a second reference value, the power storage 4.
- the monitoring server according to any one of 1 to 3, which diagnoses the soundness of the device. 5.
- the acquisition unit acquires the measurement data at a predetermined timing or in response to a request from a user;
- the diagnosis unit diagnoses the soundness of the power storage device in response to the acquisition of the measurement data by the acquisition unit,
- the authentication result receiving unit transmits the diagnosis result to the authentication server and receives the authentication result from the authentication server in response to the diagnosis of the soundness of the power storage device by the diagnosis unit, 5.
- the monitoring server according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the output content control unit controls output content of the authentication information in response to reception of the authentication result by the authentication result receiving unit. 6.
- the computer Acquiring measurement data about the power storage device of a power storage system having a power storage device and an output device; Diagnosing the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data, transmitting a diagnosis result of the soundness of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receiving an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; A monitoring method for indicating whether or not the authentication server has authenticated soundness, and for controlling output contents of authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result. 8.
- Acquisition means for acquiring measurement data relating to the power storage device of a power storage system having a power storage device and an output device; diagnostic means for diagnosing the soundness of the power storage device based on the measurement data; authentication result receiving means for transmitting a diagnosis result of the soundness of the power storage device to an authentication server that authenticates that the power storage device is sound, and receiving an authentication result based on the diagnosis result from the authentication server; output content control means for indicating whether or not the authentication server has authenticated as sound, and for controlling the output content of the authentication information output by the output device based on the authentication result;
- a program that acts as
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Abstract
Description
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得部と、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信部と、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御部と、
を有する監視サーバが提供される。
コンピュータが、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得し、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断し、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信し、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する監視方法が提供される。
コンピュータを、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得手段、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断手段、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信手段、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御手段、
として機能させるプログラムが提供される。
「認証システムの全体構成」
まず、図1を用いて本実施形態の認証システムの全体構成を説明する。認証システムは、監視サーバ10と認証サーバ20とを有する。認証システムは、監視データベース30、認証データベース40及び電力貯蔵システム50の中の少なくとも1つをさらに有してもよい。監視サーバ10と認証サーバ20とは、有線及び/又は無線で通信可能に接続されている。また、監視サーバ10と電力貯蔵システム50とは、有線及び/又は無線で通信可能に接続されている。
次に、認証システムが行う処理の概要を説明する。なお、各処理の詳細は後述する。
図2に、認証システムのデータの流れを示す。図示するように、電力貯蔵システム50から監視サーバ10に測定データが送信される。測定データは、電力貯蔵装置51に関するデータであり、装置ID(identifier)、測定時の運転モード(診断中又は通常運転)、測定時のSOC(state of charge)、測定時の充電電流積算値、測定時の放電電流積算値、電流、セル電圧及び温度の中の少なくとも1つを含む。なお、測定データはその他の項目値を含んでもよい。
次に、監視サーバ10の構成を詳細に説明する。まず、監視サーバ10のハードウエア構成の一例を説明する。監視サーバ10が備える各機能部は、任意のコンピュータのCPU(Central Processing Unit)、メモリ、メモリにロードされるプログラム、そのプログラムを格納するハードディスク等の記憶ユニット(あらかじめ装置を出荷する段階から格納されているプログラムのほか、CD(Compact Disc)等の記憶媒体やインターネット上のサーバ等からダウンロードされたプログラムをも格納できる)、ネットワーク接続用インターフェイスを中心にハードウエアとソフトウエアの任意の組合せによって実現される。そして、その実現方法、装置にはいろいろな変形例があることは、当業者には理解されるところである。
通常、「正極の開回路電位から負極の開回路電位を引いた値」と「開回路電圧」は等しくなることが知られている。これが一致しない場合、BMS(battery management service)の測定センサーに異常があることや、電力貯蔵装置51自体に異常があることが疑われる。
第2の診断方法では、第1の診断方法と同様に、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「参照値(正極の開回路電位から負極の開回路電位を引いた値)と開回路電圧の測定値との差」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。
LiFePO4とグラファイトの組み合わせのセルではOCVに相対的に電圧ヒステリシスが?きく、診断精度を悪化させる可能性がある。ここでいうOCVの電圧ヒステリシスとは、充電中に充電を一旦停止して電圧が?定になるまで放置した後に測定したOCV(充電方向のOCV)と、放電中に放電を?旦停止して電圧が?定になるまで放置した後に測定したOCV(放電方向のOCV)との値が?致しないことをさす。この充電方向のOCVと放電方向のOCVの不?致をOCVの電圧ヒステリシスと呼んでいる。この電圧ヒステリシスは、グラファイトの場合、最大で20mV程度ある。LiFePO4が正極の場合には正極電圧がほぼ?定であるため、電圧ヒステリシスを考慮しない場合、診断誤差が拡?する。
第4の診断方法では、第1の診断方法と同様に、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「参照値(正極の開回路電位から負極の開回路電位を引いた値)と開回路電圧の測定値との差」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。しかし、第4の診断方法は、X0(i)、B(i)、Cc(i)及びCa(i)の求め方が第1の診断方法と異なる。
第5の診断方法では、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「正極容量Cc(i)及び負極容量Ca(i)」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。以下、詳細を説明する。
第6の診断方法では、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「正負極ずれB(i)」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。以下、詳細を説明する。
第7の診断方法では、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「負極利用率Aar(i)」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。以下、詳細を説明する。
第8の診断方法では、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「上限SOCでの負極SOC(Soca(i))」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。以下、詳細を説明する。
第9の診断方法では、診断部12は、取得部11が取得した測定データに基づき「リチウムイオンの不活化量LiLi(i)」を算出し、その算出結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を判断する。以下、詳細を説明する。
LiFePO4と黒鉛との組み合わせでは、製造時のセルOCVカーブと経年運転した場合のセルOCVカーブの差は、セルが正常である場合には非常に小さい。逆に言うと正極や負極に材料異常が出た時にだけセルOCVカーブに異常が現れる。そのため、図11に示すように、正極と負極を分離して計算せずに直接測定値と製造時のセルOCVカーブとを比較する方法でも判定を行うことができる。
第11の診断方法は、第1乃至第10の診断方法中の少なくとも2つを採用する。そして、診断部12は、採用した全ての診断方法において健全であると判断され場合、電力貯蔵装置51は健全であると診断する。
認証サーバ20のハードウエア構成の例は、監視サーバ10と同様に図3で示される。図3に示すように、認証サーバ20は、プロセッサ1A、メモリ2A、入出力インターフェイス3A、周辺回路4A、バス5Aを有する。周辺回路4Aには、様々なモジュールが含まれる。認証サーバ20は周辺回路4Aを有さなくてもよい。なお、認証サーバ20は物理的及び/又は論理的に分かれた複数の装置で構成されてもよいし、物理的及び/又は論理的に一体となった1つの装置で構成されてもよい。認証サーバ20が物理的及び/又は論理的に分かれた複数の装置で構成される場合、複数の装置各々が上記ハードウエア構成を備えることができる。なお、図3の詳細な説明は上述したので、ここでの説明は省略する。
次に、図8のシーケンス図を用いて、認証システムの処理の流れの一例を説明する。
ここで、本実施形態の認証システムの変形例を説明する。
当該変形例では、S15において認証結果が認証サーバ20から電力貯蔵システム50に(監視サーバ10を介さずに)送信される。そして、電力貯蔵システム50は、受信した認証結果に基づき出力装置52における認証情報の出力内容を制御する。
当該変形例では、診断部12は、S12において、各種項目値の算出まで行い、各種項目値と参照値との比較は行わない。そして、認証結果受信部13は各種項目値を診断結果として認証サーバ20に送信する(S13)。認証サーバ20は、各種項目値と参照値との比較を行い、比較の結果に基づき、電力貯蔵装置51が健全であることを認証するか否か決定する(S14)。
以上説明したように、本実施形態の認証システムによれば、電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を診断し、診断結果に基づき電力貯蔵装置51が健全であることを認証するか否か判断し、判断結果に応じた出力を出力装置52にさせることができる。ユーザは、出力装置52の出力内容に基づき、容易に、電力貯蔵装置51の状態が健全であるか否かを判断することができる。結果、ユーザによる電力貯蔵装置51の健全性への配慮の負担を軽減することができる。
第1の実施形態では、電力貯蔵システム50は所定のタイミング(1年に1度、半年に1度、1カ月に1度、ユーザなどから実行指示が入力されたタイミング等)で診断運転を行い、認証の判定が行われた。本実施形態の監視サーバ10は、このタイミングの間において、診断運転の必要性を判断し、必要と判断した場合に診断運転を実行させる機能を有する。以下、詳細に説明する。
診断部12は、直近の診断運転時に算出されたB(i)、Cc(i)及びCa(i)と、通常運転時の少なくとも2回の測定で得られた測定データとに基づき、X0(i)を求める。具体的には、B(i)、Cc(i)及びCa(i)の値が求まっている場合、上述した式(1)乃至(4)で定義される誤差の分散J(i)は、X0(i)が未知数の関数となる。診断部12は、当該関数と、通常運転時の測定で得られた測定データとに基づき、誤差の分散J(i)が最小となるX0(i)の値を求める。そして、この時(誤差の分散J(i)が最小となる時)の誤差の分散J(i)と、直近の診断運転時の誤差の分散J(i)との差を、セル毎中間評価値とする。すなわち、直近の診断運転時に算出されたB(i)、Cc(i)及びCa(i)を使って新たに求めた分散をJN(i)とし、直近の分散をJ0(i)とすると、セル毎中間評価値はJN(i)からJ0(i)を引いた値となる。この値を使って診断する。
正極としてLiFePO4を用いた場合、図9に示すように電圧がフラットな範囲でしか電力貯蔵装置51が利用されない。正極電圧は一定であることを前提とし、Scを固定値とした場合、誤差の分散J(i)はX0(i)及びCa(i)が未知数の関数となる。未知数は2点なので、少なくとも2回の測定の測定データに基づき、誤差の分散J(i)が最小となるX0(i)及びCa(i)の値を求めることができる。
図10に本実施形態の診断装置60の機能ブロック図の一例を示す。図示するように、診断装置60は診断部61を有する。診断部61は、電力貯蔵装置51に関する測定データに基づき電力貯蔵装置51の健全性を診断する。診断部61の構成は、監視サーバ10の診断部12の構成と同じである。
1. 電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得部と、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信部と、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御部と、
を有する監視サーバ。
2. 前記出力内容制御部は、
前記認証結果が、前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する内容である場合、前記出力装置であるディスプレイに認証マークを表示させ、
前記認証結果が、前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証しない内容である場合、前記ディスプレイにおける前記認証マークを非表示にする1に記載の監視サーバ。
3. 前記診断部は、参照値と開回路電圧の測定値との差、正極容量、負極容量、不活化Li量、負極利用率及び上限SOC(state of charge)での負極SOCの中の少なくとも1つに基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する1又は2に記載の監視サーバ。
4. 前記診断部は、
前記電力貯蔵装置が備える複数のセル各々について参照値と開回路電圧の測定値との差、正極容量、負極容量、不活化Li量、負極利用率及び上限SOCでの負極SOCの中の少なくとも1つの項目値を算出し、
前記複数のセル各々における前記項目値と第1の基準値との比較結果、及び前記複数のセルにおける前記項目値の分散と第2の基準値との比較結果の少なくとも一方に基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する1から3のいずれかに記載の監視サーバ。
5. 予め定められたタイミングで、又はユーザからのリクエストに応じて、前記取得部は前記測定データを取得し、
前記取得部による前記測定データの取得に応じて、前記診断部は前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断し、
前記診断部による前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断に応じて、前記認証結果受信部は前記診断結果を前記認証サーバに送信し、前記認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信し、
前記認証結果受信部による前記認証結果の受信に応じて、前記出力内容制御部は前記認証情報の出力内容を制御する1から4のいずれかに記載の監視サーバ。
6. 1から5のいずれかに記載の監視サーバと、
電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバと、
を有する認証システム。
7. コンピュータが、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得し、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断し、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信し、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する監視方法。
8. コンピュータを、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得手段、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断手段、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信手段、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御手段、
として機能させるプログラム。
Claims (8)
- 電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得部と、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断部と、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信部と、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御部と、
を有する監視サーバ。 - 前記出力内容制御部は、
前記認証結果が、前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する内容である場合、前記出力装置であるディスプレイに認証マークを表示させ、
前記認証結果が、前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証しない内容である場合、前記ディスプレイにおける前記認証マークを非表示にする請求項1に記載の監視サーバ。 - 前記診断部は、参照値と開回路電圧の測定値との差、正極容量、負極容量、不活化Li量、負極利用率及び上限SOC(state of charge)での負極SOCの中の少なくとも1つに基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する請求項1又は2に記載の監視サーバ。
- 前記診断部は、
前記電力貯蔵装置が備える複数のセル各々について参照値と開回路電圧の測定値との差、正極容量、負極容量、不活化Li量、負極利用率及び上限SOCでの負極SOCの中の少なくとも1つの項目値を算出し、
前記複数のセル各々における前記項目値と第1の基準値との比較結果、及び前記複数のセルにおける前記項目値の分散と第2の基準値との比較結果の少なくとも一方に基づき、前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の監視サーバ。 - 予め定められたタイミングで、又はユーザからのリクエストに応じて、前記取得部は前記測定データを取得し、
前記取得部による前記測定データの取得に応じて、前記診断部は前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断し、
前記診断部による前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断に応じて、前記認証結果受信部は前記診断結果を前記認証サーバに送信し、前記認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信し、
前記認証結果受信部による前記認証結果の受信に応じて、前記出力内容制御部は前記認証情報の出力内容を制御する請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の監視サーバ。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の監視サーバと、
電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバと、
を有する認証システム。 - コンピュータが、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得し、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断し、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信し、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する監視方法。 - コンピュータを、
電力貯蔵装置及び出力装置を有する電力貯蔵システムの前記電力貯蔵装置に関する測定データを取得する取得手段、
前記測定データに基づき前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性を診断する診断手段、
前記電力貯蔵装置が健全であることを認証する認証サーバに前記電力貯蔵装置の健全性の診断結果を送信するとともに、前記診断結果に基づく認証結果を前記認証サーバから受信する認証結果受信手段、
前記認証サーバにより健全であると認証されているか否かを示し、前記出力装置により出力される認証情報の出力内容を、前記認証結果に基づき制御する出力内容制御手段、
として機能させるプログラム。
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JP2018509707A (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-04-05 | ジョンソン コントロールズ テクノロジー カンパニーJohnson Controls Technology Company | バッテリテストレポートシステムおよび方法 |
JP6788768B1 (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-11-25 | InsuRTAP株式会社 | 処理システム及び処理方法 |
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JP2018509707A (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-04-05 | ジョンソン コントロールズ テクノロジー カンパニーJohnson Controls Technology Company | バッテリテストレポートシステムおよび方法 |
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