WO2022153978A1 - ミラーの設計方法、および該設計方法における設計式が成り立つ反射面を備えた非点収差制御ミラー - Google Patents
ミラーの設計方法、および該設計方法における設計式が成り立つ反射面を備えた非点収差制御ミラー Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/08—Anamorphotic objectives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
- G02B13/143—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation for use with ultraviolet radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for designing a mirror manufactured by forming a reflective surface on the surface of a plate material, and an astigmatism control mirror provided with a reflective surface for which the design formula in the design method holds.
- the synchrotron radiation soft X-ray beam is characterized by different characteristics in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- the beam size tends to be smaller in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
- the coherent width is larger in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
- the divergence angle of the beam in the vertical direction increases.
- the spectroscope including the diffraction grating used collects soft X-rays only in the spectral direction, "astigmatism" occurs in which the light source position differs depending on the spectral direction and the direction in which the light source is not focused.
- a two-stage condensing optical system in which two mirrors for handling the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are arranged is used.
- a method is used in which the light source points are set independently in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction to match the focusing points.
- a method of arranging two elliptical cylinder mirrors vertically and horizontally a method of establishing an approximate shape by arranging two vent mirrors (mechanical bending cylindrical mirrors), a vent mirror and a sagittal cylinder mirror.
- a method of arranging both of the two sheets so as to face each other in the horizontal direction.
- the mechanism becomes complicated, the number of chambers increases, the cost increases, and the adjustment becomes difficult.
- Non-Patent Document 1 There is a toroidal mirror that has the possibility of removing astigmatism with a single mirror.
- the toroidal mirror is a mirror that is similar to an existing rotating elliptical mirror and is easy to manufacture by setting a uniform radius of curvature in each of the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the reflecting surface, and eliminates astigmatism. Even if it can be done, there is a drawback that the light collection size increases in principle.
- Astigmatic off-axis mirror has also been proposed as a mirror that can set the focusing size smaller than the toroidal mirror and can set the vertical and horizontal independent light sources and focusing points (Non-Patent Document 2). ..
- This mirror uses an elliptical curve to focus a beam diverging from one point to another point, a parabola to parallelize a beam diverging from one point, and another beam focusing towards one point. Based on the principle that a parabola is applied as the ridge of the reflecting surface in order to convert it into a beam that focuses toward a point, different conic sections are set in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, and they are connected smoothly. It is a shape that requires a curved surface.
- this AO mirror is a mirror defined by rotating a conic section profile in the longitudinal direction around a straight line (major axis) connecting the focal points of the conic section in the lateral direction in order to obtain a curved surface, and is a reflecting surface. Since is approximated to an axially symmetric shape, there is a limit to the suppression of the condensing size due to the approximation. There is no problem if the beam is in the terahertz region with a long wavelength, but it cannot correspond to the beam in the X-ray region. In addition, the design formula is very complicated, including coordinate transformation several times, and the parameters are also complicated, difficult to understand and use.
- a single mirror can set the light source position and the light collection position independently in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, thereby causing non-points. Free conversion of aberrations is possible, the light source size can be suppressed to a smaller size, and it can be used for beams in the X-ray region.
- the design formula is simple, the range of applications is wide, and the vertical and horizontal directions. The point is to provide a mirror design method capable of producing a mirror that can be suitably used as an optical system that handles beams having different characteristics.
- the present inventor has conducted a "light source line" for each of the focusing in the sagittal direction and the focusing in the meridional direction as a method for geometrically and optically expressing the properties of a beam having non-point aberration.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- ( 1 ) A method for designing a mirror produced by forming a reflective surface on the surface of a plate material, in which the optical axis of the incident beam on the mirror is the z1 axis and the cross section orthogonal to this is the x1 y1 plane.
- the optical axis of the emitted beam is the z2 axis
- the cross section orthogonal to this is the x2 y2 plane
- the x1 axis and the x2 axis are parallel to the sagittal direction of the reflecting surface
- the incident beam is the z1 axis.
- a light source for light collection in the sagittal direction is provided at a position displaced by L 1s along the z 1 axis direction from the intersection M 0 on the reflection surface between the above z 1 axis and the z 2 axis, and on the z 1 axis.
- a light source for focusing in the meridional direction is provided at a position displaced by L 1 m along the z 1 axis direction from the intersection M 0 , and the emitted beam is the intersection M on the z 2 axis for focusing in the sagittal direction.
- a method for designing a mirror which comprises designing a mirror using a design formula for a reflecting surface derived from a constant optical path length.
- the sagittal light source line and the meridional light source line are defined as a straight line S s extending in the y - axis direction and a straight line S m extending in the x - axis direction, respectively, and the sagittal condensing line and the meridional condensing line are y 2 respectively.
- the straight line F s extending in the axial direction and the straight line F m extending in the x2 axis direction, and the incident length from the light source position to the M point for the light collection in the sagittal direction be the meridional light ray lines S m and the z 1 axis.
- a rotating arc plane obtained by rotating an arc centered on the intersection point P m0 and extending in a direction orthogonal to the x1 axis through the intersection point P s0 between the sagittal light ray line S s and the z1 axis.
- Is defined as the equiphase plane A 1s and is obtained as the distance from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s on the side closer to the meridional light source line S m to the point M.
- the emission length from the M point to the condensing position is centered on the intersection Q m0 of the meridional condensing line F m and the z2 axis and passes through the intersection Q s0 of the sagittal condensing line F s and the z2 axis.
- the arc extending in the direction orthogonal to the two axes is defined as the equiphase plane A 2s by rotating the rotating arc plane around the sagittal condensing line F s as the axis.
- the incident length from the light source position to the M point for the condensing in the meridional direction is determined as the distance from the intersection on the side close to the meridional condensing line F m to the M point.
- a rotating arc plane obtained by rotating an arc centered on the intersection point P s0 and extending in a direction orthogonal to the y1 axis through the intersection point Pm0 between the meridional light ray line S m and the z1 axis.
- Is defined as the equiphase plane A 1 m and is obtained as the distance from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1 m on the side closer to the sagittal light source line S s to the M point.
- the emission length from the M point to the condensing position is centered on the intersection Q s0 of the sagittal condensing line F s and the z2 axis and passes through the intersection Qm0 of the meridional condensing line F m and the z2 axis.
- the arc extending in the direction orthogonal to the two axes is defined as the equiphase plane A 2m by rotating the rotating arc plane about the meridional condensing line F m as the axis.
- the distance from the intersection on the side closer to the meridional condensing line F m to the M point is from the intersection Q s of the emitted light beam and the sagittal condensing line F s to the M point.
- the distance from the intersection Q s to the arc that defines the equiphase plane A 2s is added or subtracted from the distance, and the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1 m are obtained.
- the distance from the intersection of the two intersections closer to the sagittal light source line S s to the point M is obtained, and the distance is determined.
- the distance is obtained by adding or subtracting the distance from the intersection point P m to the arc defining the equiphase plane A 1 m , and is a sagittal collection of the two intersections of the emitted light beam and the equiphase plane A 2 m .
- the plane in contact with the reflection plane is the uv plane
- the direction of the normal line passing through the M 0 of the uv plane is the w axis
- v the direction of the normal line passing through the M 0 of the uv plane
- the axis is the direction orthogonal to both the z1 axis and the z2 axis
- the u axis is the direction orthogonal to both the v axis and the w axis
- the intersection point M0 is the origin
- a Cartesian coordinate system with an angle of ⁇ 0 and a mirror as a reference is defined, and the coordinates are x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system with respect to the optical axis of the incident beam and the optical axis of the emitted beam as a reference.
- a non-point aberration control mirror that can obtain an emitted beam that focuses on one point from an incident beam that has astigmatism.
- An astigmatism control mirror that has different values and can obtain an emitted beam with astigmatism from an incident beam diverging from one point.
- the mirror design method it is possible to set the light source position and the focusing position independently in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction with a single mirror, whereby the non-point aberration can be freely converted.
- a possible mirror can be made.
- the focused size can be suppressed to a smaller size to support a beam in the X-ray region.
- the design formula is simple, the range of applications is wide, and a mirror that can be suitably used as an optical system for handling beams having different characteristics in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be manufactured.
- the conceptual diagram of the mirror designed by the design method which concerns on this invention A conceptual diagram showing a coordinate system based on an incident beam.
- the shape of the calculated mirror reflecting surface of the first embodiment is shown, and (a) shows the distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to u-coordinate and the vertical axis is set to v-coordinate. b) shows the short-distance cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in (a), and (c) shows the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in (a).
- the simulation result of the condensing performance of Example 1 is shown, (a) is the result of calculating the variation of the light ray on the condensing surface based on geometrical optics, and (b) is the wave optics assuming soft X-ray of 300 eV.
- FIG. 1 The intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated based on this is shown.
- the schematic diagram which shows the optical system arrangement of the mirror of Example 2.
- FIG. The shape of the calculated mirror reflecting surface of the second embodiment is shown, and (a) is the distribution of the height w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- b) shows the short-distance cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in (a), and
- (c) shows the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in (a).
- Example 2 The simulation result of the condensing performance of Example 2 is shown, (a) is the result of calculating the variation of the light ray on the condensing surface based on geometrical optics, and (b) is the wave optics assuming soft X-ray of 300 eV.
- the intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated based on this is shown.
- the schematic diagram which shows the optical system arrangement of the mirror of Example 3.
- FIG. The shape of the calculated mirror reflecting surface of Example 3 is shown, where (a) is the distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to u-coordinates and the vertical axis is set to v-coordinates.
- Example 3 shows the short-distance cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in (a), and (c) shows the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in (a).
- the simulation result of the condensing performance of Example 3 is shown, (a) is the result of calculating the variation of the light ray on the condensing surface based on the geometric optics on the vertical (meridional) condensing surface, and (b) is the same condensing.
- the intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated assuming 300 eV soft X-rays on the surface (c) is the result of calculating the variation of light rays on the condensing surface based on the geometric optics on the horizontal (sagittal) condensing surface.
- (D) show the intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated assuming 300 eV soft X-rays on the condensing surface.
- FIG. The shape of the calculated mirror reflecting surface of the fourth embodiment is shown, and (a) is the distribution of the height w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- FIG. b) shows the short-distance cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in (a), and (c) shows the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in (a).
- FIG. The simulation result of the focusing performance in the sagittal direction of Example 4 is shown, (a) is the result of calculating the variation of the light ray on the focusing surface based on geometrical optics, and (b) is assuming soft X-ray of 300 eV.
- the intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated based on wave optics is shown.
- the mirror design method of the present invention is a mirror design method produced by forming a reflective surface on the surface of a plate material.
- the mirror design method according to the present invention will be described with reference to typical embodiments.
- the present invention aims at free conversion of astigmatism, and designs a mirror with higher accuracy based on Fermat's principle that "light passes through the path having the shortest optical distance".
- Fermat's principle states that, when limited to a condensing (or diffusing) mirror, "the sum of the distance from the light source point and the distance to the condensing point is constant for any point on the mirror surface (reflection surface)". It can be converted into an expression. If the incident beam or the emitted beam has astigmatism, the law of constant optical path length cannot be applied immediately. This is because, as the name implies, a beam with astigmatism does not have a single light source point or focus point.
- the present invention is a design method realized by newly defining a "light source line” and a "condensing line” and making it possible to geometrically and optically express the properties of a beam having astigmatism. be.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a “light source line” and a “condensing line”.
- the incident beam has a light source at a position displaced by L 1s from the intersection M 0 , which is the intersection of the z 1 axis and the z 2 axis on the reflection surface on the optical axis z 1 of the incident light.
- the emitted beam shall be focused at a position displaced by L 2s along the optical axis from the intersection M 0 on the optical axis z 2 of the emitted light.
- the incident beam has a light source at a position displaced by L 1 m from the intersection M 0 on the optical axis z 1 of the incident light, and the emitted beam is on the optical axis z 2 of the emitted light. It is assumed that the light is focused at a position displaced by L 2 m from the intersection M 0 .
- all the emitted light rays emitted from the mirror pass through the focused position in the focusing in the sagittal direction and are orthogonal to both the optical axis z2 and the sagittal direction of the emitted light ( y2 axis direction described later). It is considered that it passes through the sagittal condensing line (F s ) extending in the sagittal direction ( x2 axis direction described later) through the condensing position in the condensing position in the meridional direction. In this way, the sagittal condensing line (F s ) and the meridional condensing line (F m ) are defined.
- the sagittal light source line (S s ), the meridional light source line (S m ), the sagittal condensing line (F s ), and the meridional condensing line (F m ) are straight lines, but they may be curved lines. .. Further, although FIG. 1 shows the case where L 1s > L 1m > 0 and L 2s > L 2m > 0, these constants can take negative values. When L 1s or L 1 m has a negative value, the incident beam is reflected by the reflecting surface of the mirror in the process of condensing toward the downstream. When L 2s or L 2 m has a negative value, the emitted beam has a wavefront as if it diverged from a position upstream of the mirror.
- Each coordinate of the intersection point (P m ) with the incident light ray is expressed by an equation using the above-mentioned displacements L 1s and L 1 m , and similarly, the intersection point of the light ray emitted from the M point and the sagittal focused line (F s ).
- Each coordinate of (Q s ) and the intersection (Q m ) of the light ray emitted from the point M and the meridional condensing line (F m ) can be expressed by an equation using the above-mentioned displacements L 2s and L 2 m .
- Any point M on the reflecting surface of the mirror can be represented by M (u, v, w) by defining an uvw Cartesian coordinate system with respect to the mirror. That is, the intersection M 0 on the reflecting surface of the incident light and the emitted light is included, the surface in contact with the reflecting surface is the uv plane, the direction of the normal line passing through the M 0 of the uv plane is the w axis, and the v axis is the incident.
- the u axis is the direction orthogonal to both the v-axis and the w-axis
- the intersection M 0 is the origin
- the oblique incident angle formed by the uv plane and the optical axis z 1 is ⁇ . It was set to 0 .
- the sagittal light source line (S s ) and the meridional light source line (S m ) are orthogonal to the incident beam optical axis z 1 instead of the u axis.
- the sagittal focused line (F s ) and the meridional focused line (F m ) are orthogonal to the emitted beam optical axis z 2 . It is possible to calculate the optical path length directly from the light source line and the condensing line set diagonally with respect to the uvw coordinate system, but it is complicated. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the optical path length is calculated after converting to a coordinate system based on each of the incident beam optical axis and the emitted beam optical axis, and is substituted into the design formula of the astigmatism control mirror.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the coordinate system after conversion.
- the optical axis of the incident beam is the z1 axis, and the cross section orthogonal to this is the x1 y1 plane.
- the coordinates of the point M (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) on the mirror are given by Eq. (2).
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the coordinate system after conversion.
- the optical axis of the emitted beam is the z2 axis, and the cross section orthogonal to this is the x2 y2 plane.
- the coordinates of the point M (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) on the mirror are given by Eq. (5).
- the coordinates of these P s , P m , Q s , and Q m , the focusing in the sagittal direction, and the focusing in the meridional direction are focused from the light source position at any points on the reflection surface.
- the design formula of the reflecting surface is derived.
- the distance between each intersection P s , P m , Q s , Q m on the light source line and the condensing line and an arbitrary point M on the reflecting surface may be used as the incident length or the exit length as it is.
- the following optical path length compensation is performed so that a more accurate design formula can be obtained while using the coordinates of the intersection of the light source line and the condensing line defined by a straight line.
- the x1 axis is centered on the intersection Pm0 between the meridional light source line Sm and the z1 axis and passes through the intersection Ps0 between the sagittal light source line Ss and the z1 axis.
- the rotating arc plane formed by rotating the arc B 1s extending in the direction orthogonal to the sagittal light source line S s around the axis be the equiphase plane A 1s .
- the incident length from the light source position in the sagittal direction to the M point can be obtained as the distance from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s on the side closer to the meridional light source line S m to the M point. It is more accurate.
- the distance from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s to the M point on the reflection surface of the mirror is the distance from the intersection point P s to the M point of the incident light ray and the sagittal light source line S s .
- the distance from the intersection P s to the arc B 1 s that defines the equiphase plane A 1 s, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from P s to the arc B 1 s is P s .
- the distance between H 1s is added or subtracted (subtracted in the example of this figure) to obtain the distance. That is, the incident length f 1s is expressed by Eq. (8).
- the beam having a phase distribution corresponding to the above that is, the beam before being incident on the mirror (reflection surface) has a wavefront diverging from the sagittal light source line Ss in the x1 axis direction.
- the y1 axis is centered on the intersection P s0 between the sagittal light source line S s and the z1 axis and passes through the intersection Pm0 between the meridional light source line Sm and the z1 axis.
- the rotating arc plane formed by rotating the arc B 1 m extending in the direction orthogonal to the meridional light source line S m around the axis is defined as the equiphase plane A 1 m .
- the incident length from the light source position in the y - axis direction to the M point is M on the reflection surface of the mirror from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1 m on the side closer to the sagittal light source line S s . Obtained as the distance to the point.
- the intersection point P For the distance from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1 m to the point M, first determine the distance from the intersection point P m to the point M of the incident light beam and the meridional light source line S m , and at that distance, the intersection point P Add or subtract the distance from m to the arc B 1 m that defines the equiphase plane A 1 m , that is, the distance between P m H 1 m , where H 1 m is the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from P m to the arc B 1 m ( In this example, add) to obtain. That is, the incident length f 1 m is represented by the equation (12).
- the distance from the intersection Q s to the arc B 2 s that defines the equiphase plane, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from Q s to the arc B 2 s is defined as H 2 s.
- the distance between H 2s Q s and the distance from the intersection Q m to the arc B 2 m that defines the equiphase plane, that is, between Q m H 2 m where the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from Q m to the arc B 2 m is H 2 m.
- f 2s can be transformed into the following equations (16) to (18) by introducing t'2x and t'2y .
- f 2m can be transformed by the following equation (19) by introducing t'2x and t'2y .
- the reflection surface of the mirror is obtained by the set of points (u, v, w) that simultaneously satisfy the focusing conditions in the sagittal direction of equation (20) and the focusing conditions in the meridional direction of equation (21).
- L 1s L 1m
- L 2s L 2m
- the present inventor weights Eqs. (20) and (21) and shows them in Eq. (22).
- the new formula f (u, v, w) 0 was used as the design formula.
- Design formula That is, the design formula is f s (u, the formula of the sagittal direction focusing condition) derived from the fact that the optical path length from the light source point to the focusing point is constant for the focusing in the sagittal direction.
- v, w) 0 (Equation (20))
- the second equation Equation of condensing conditions in the meridional direction derived from the fact that the optical path length from the light source point to the condensing point is constant for focusing in the meridional direction.
- ⁇ is a weighting coefficient for light collection in the meridional direction
- ⁇ is a weighting coefficient for light collection in the sagittal direction.
- Equation (22) is the mirror design equation. Rewriting t'1x , t'1y , t'2x , and t'2y in the equation based on the uvw coordinate system gives the following equations (23) to (26).
- astigmatism is obtained by setting the values of L 1s and L 1 m to different values and setting the values of L 2s and L 2 m to the same value (same value). It is possible to design an astigmatism control mirror having a reflecting surface that can obtain an emitted beam that is focused on one point from an incident beam. Conversely, by setting the values of L 1s and L 1 m to the same value and setting the values of L 2s and L 2 m to different values, the emitted beam with astigmatism can be generated from the incident beam diverging from one point. It is possible to design an astigmatism control mirror having a reflection surface obtained.
- the reflective surface designed by Eq. (27) has any shape of a spheroid surface, a rotating hyperboloid, a rotating paraboloid, and a plane, depending on the positive / negative and magnitude relations of L 1 and L 2 .
- Table 1 shows the classification. Of particular note is that not only concave mirrors but also convex mirrors and planes are designed with the same formula.
- Equation (28) represents an elliptical, parabolic, hyperbolic or straight prism. Similar to the equation (27), different shapes such as a concave surface, a flat surface, and a convex surface are expressed depending on the positive / negative relationship and the magnitude relationship of L 1 m and L 2 m .
- the design formula of the planar non-point aberration control mirror according to the present invention includes the existing rotating elliptical surface mirror, rotating hyperboloid mirror, rotating parabolic surface mirror, and one-dimensional elliptical surface mirror (one of the K-B mirrors). It can be seen that it is a highly versatile (widely applicable) design formula that includes a one-dimensional hyperboloid mirror, a one-dimensional parabolic mirror, and a planar mirror.
- the present invention is not limited to these examples, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the light source line and the condensing line are straight lines, and the distance between the straight line and the equiphase plane in the vicinity thereof is compensated, but such compensation is not always necessary.
- the position of the origin of the design formula of the reflective surface may be different. Of course, the coordinates may be converted.
- Examples 1 and 2 As a design example of the non-point aberration control mirror according to the present invention described above, a mirror for eliminating non-point aberration (Examples 1 and 2) and a mirror for adding non-point aberration (implementation).
- Example 3 As a result of designing four mirrors of Example 3) and a mirror for the purpose of condensing only in the sagittal direction (Example 4) and confirming the performance of each mirror by simulation using both geometrical optics and wave optics.
- the result of comparison between the mirror of Example 1 and the conventional mirror will be described.
- the mirror was set to reflect the beam vertically upward. That is, the mirror (reflecting surface) is in charge of vertical focusing in the longitudinal direction and horizontal focusing in the lateral direction.
- a group of rays passing through the light source line for each of the condensing in the meridional direction and the sagittal direction shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is defined and incident on the reflecting surface of the mirror.
- the thickness of the light source line that is, the size of the light source is set to 0. Light rays are emitted uniformly over the entire effective range of the reflecting surface.
- the normal vector n (x, y, z) at each position on the reflection surface of the mirror is parallel to the gradient vector from the gradient vector of the function f (u, v, w) defined in Eq. (22). It can be obtained as a numerical solution that is a unit vector (Equation (29)).
- the incident light beam is symmetrically reflected by the normal vector of the reflecting surface of the mirror and propagates to the condensing surface. In this way, the variation of light rays on the condensing surface is evaluated.
- ⁇ is an arbitrary constant representing the wavelength of the beam
- I 0 is an arbitrary constant representing the incident intensity.
- the complex wave field UM (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) on the reflection surface of the mirror represented by the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system is set to the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system as shown in Eq. (32). And expressed as UM ( x2, y2 , z2 ).
- the wave field UM (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) is defined as a point Q (x Q ) on the condensing surface defined in the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system. , Y Q , z Q ).
- dS represents a minute area on the reflecting surface
- ⁇ (x 2 , y 2 , z 2 ) represents the oblique angle of incidence at each position on the reflecting surface.
- the intensity distribution which is the square of the absolute value of the complex wave field U Q (x Q , y Q , z Q ) on Q (Equation (35)).
- Table 2 shows a list of constants used in the mirror design of Example 1.
- the incident length has different positive values in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the emission length has the same positive values in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- a schematic diagram of the optical system arrangement is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7A is a distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- FIG. 7 (b) the lateral cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 7 (a) is shown in FIG. 7 (b), and the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in FIG. 7 (a) is also shown in FIG. 7 (c). Shown in.
- the reflective surface of the mirror of the first embodiment is a concave surface having different curvatures in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction.
- FIG. 8A shows the result of calculating the variation of light rays on the condensing surface based on geometrical optics. It was confirmed that all the rays were concentrated in the region of 10 nm or less both horizontally and vertically.
- FIG. 8B is an intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated based on wave optics assuming a soft X-ray of 300 eV.
- the beam is focused in the horizontal 160 nm x vertical 440 nm (FWHM) region. Due to the large numerical aperture in the horizontal direction, the spot size of the focused beam became smaller.
- Table 3 shows a list of constants used in the mirror design of Example 2.
- the vertical condensing incident length has a positive value
- the horizontal condensing incident length has a negative value.
- the incident beam has a light source point on the upstream side of the mirror in the vertical direction, and has a property of focusing toward a point downstream of the mirror in the horizontal direction.
- the emission length has the same positive value in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- a schematic diagram of the optical system arrangement is shown in FIG. This mirror is a mirror for the purpose of eliminating extreme astigmatism in which the positive and negative curvatures are reversed.
- FIG. 10A shows the distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- the lateral cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 10 (a) is shown in FIG. 10 (b), and the longitudinal cross-sectional profile also shown by the broken line in FIG. 10 (a) is shown in FIG. 10 (c). ..
- the reflective surface of the mirror of the second embodiment has a saddle shape having a concave profile in the longitudinal direction and a convex profile in the lateral direction.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram in which the variation of light rays on the condensing surface is calculated based on geometrical optics. It was confirmed that all the light rays were concentrated in the region of 10 nm or less both horizontally and vertically.
- FIG. 11B is an intensity distribution on the condensing surface calculated assuming a soft X-ray of 300 eV.
- the beam was focused in the horizontal 160 nm x vertical 320 nm (FWHM) region.
- FWHM horizontal 160 nm x vertical 320 nm
- Table 4 shows a list of constants used in the mirror design of Example 3.
- the incident length has the same positive value in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the emission length has a different positive value in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- a schematic diagram of the optical system arrangement is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13A is a distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- FIG. 13 (b) the lateral cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 13 (a) is shown in FIG. 13 (b), and the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in FIG. 13 (a) is also shown in FIG. 13 (c). Shown in.
- the reflective surface of the mirror of Example 3 is a concave surface having different curvatures in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction.
- FIG. 14B is an intensity distribution on the vertical focusing surface for a 300 eV soft X-ray beam calculated based on wave optics.
- the beam is focused to a width of FWHM 39 ⁇ m.
- the focusing width of the horizontal focusing was 40 nm in geometrical optics and 7.7 ⁇ m (FWHM) in wave optics.
- Table 5 shows a list of constants used in the mirror design of Example 4.
- the incident length and the emitted length have positive infinite values. This indicates that the mirror does not have the light-collecting performance in the meridional direction.
- both the incident length and the emitted length of the horizontal condensing have positive values.
- a schematic diagram of the optical system arrangement is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16A is a distribution of heights w (u, v) with respect to the mirror origin when the horizontal axis is set to the u coordinate and the vertical axis is set to the v coordinate.
- FIG. 16t the lateral cross-sectional profile shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 16 (a) is shown in FIG. 16t (b)
- FIG. 16 (c) the longitudinal cross-sectional profile shown by the broken line in FIG. 16 (a) is also shown in FIG. 16 (c). Shown in. From FIG. 16 (c), it can be read that the reflecting surface of the mirror of Example 4 has a completely linear profile in the longitudinal direction.
- the difference from the mirror-shaped truncated cone is shown in FIG.
- the difference RMS value was 77 nm. It can be seen that the shape of the mirror, which has light-collecting performance only in the sagittal direction, can be well approximated by a truncated cone.
- FIG. 18B is an intensity distribution on the vertical focusing surface for a 300 eV soft X-ray beam calculated based on wave optics. The beam was focused in a region with a width of 770 nm (FWHM).
- FIG. 19 (b) and 19 (c) The shape of the reflecting surface of each of the mirrors of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is shown in FIG. As can be read from FIGS. 19 (b) and 19 (c), these mirrors have substantially the same shape as that of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1. However, as can be seen from FIG. 20, which shows the result of subtracting the height distribution of the mirror of Example 1 from the height distribution of the mirror of Comparative Example 2, there is a difference of ⁇ m order between the shapes.
- the results of calculating the focusing performance for a 300 eV soft X-ray beam based on wave optics are shown in the right column of FIG.
- the toroidal mirror of Comparative Example 1 is no longer focused.
- the astigmatic off-axis mirror of Comparative Example 2 is focused, it has a main peak that spreads widely in the horizontal direction.
- the astigmatism control mirror of Example 1 focused to the diffraction limit size in both the meridional direction and the sagittal direction. Of the three mirrors, only Example 1 (astigmatism control mirror) enables diffraction-limited focusing in the soft X-ray region.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 板材表面に反射面を形成して作製されるミラーの設計方法であって、ミラーへの入射ビームの光軸をz1軸、これに直交する断面をx1y1平面とし、ミラーの出射ビームの光軸をz2軸、これに直交する断面をx2y2平面とし、x1軸及びx2軸を反射面のサジタル方向と平行であるとし、入射ビームが、z1軸上のz1軸とz2軸との反射面上の交点M0からz1軸方向に沿ってL1s変位した位置に、サジタル方向の集光についての光源をもち、かつ前記z1軸上の前記交点M0からz1軸方向に沿ってL1m変位した位置に、メリディオナル方向の集光についての光源をもち、出射ビームが、サジタル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0からz2軸方向に沿ってL2s変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0からz2軸方向に沿ってL2m変位した位置に集光し、ミラーを経由するすべての入射光線が、前記サジタル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りx1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル光源線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りy1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル光源線を通過し、ミラーから放たれるすべての出射光線が、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル集光線を通過するとし、ミラーの反射面上の任意の点をMとして、サジタル光源線とM点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル光源線とM点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L1s、L1mを用いて表わし、且つ、同じ前記M点からの出射光線とサジタル集光線との交点、及びM点からの出射光線とメリディオナル集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s、L2mを用いて表わし、これら座標、及びサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して光源位置から集光位置までの光路長が一定であること、に基づき導かれる反射面の設計式を用いてミラーを設計することを特徴とする、ミラーの設計方法。
通常の光源点と集光点が定義できる場合のFermatの原理を考える。光源点近傍の等位相面は光源点を中心とした球面であり、集光点近傍の等位相面は集光点を中心とした球面である。光線は常に等位相面に対して直交することを念頭に置くと、光路長一定の法則とは、光源点近傍の特定の等位相面上の任意の点と、それに対応する集光点近傍の特定の等位相面上の点を結ぶ光線の光学距離が一定であることと言い換えられる。本発明のような入射ビームに非点収差が含まれる場合にも、等位相面を考慮した補償を行うことで、より正確な設計式を導くことができる。
このようにして求めた入射長、出射長を用いて、サジタル方向、メリディオナル方向の各方向の集光についての光路長の計算を行う。サジタル方向の集光における光源点から集光点までの基準光路長をLs=L1s+L2sとすると、サジタル方向の集光に必要な条件式が、次の式(20)のように導かれる。
すなわち、設計式は、サジタル方向の集光について光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第1の式(サジタル方向集光条件の式)であるfs(u,v,w)=0(式(20))と、メリディオナル方向の集光について光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第2の式(メリディオナル方向集光条件の式)であるfm(u,v,w)=0(式(21))とを、α、βを用いて、下記式(22)のように重みづけした式f(u,v,w)=0である。αは、メリディオナル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数、βは、サジタル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数である。
式(22)の条件設定において、L1sとL1mの値を異なる値に設定し、且つL2sとL2mの値を一致する値(同じ値)に設定することで、非点収差をもつ入射ビームから一点に集光する出射ビームが得られる反射面を備える非点収差制御ミラーを設計することができる。逆に、L1sとL1mの値を一致する値に設定し、且つL2sとL2mの値を異なる値に設定することで、一点から発散する入射ビームから非点収差をもつ出射ビームが得られる反射面を備える非点収差制御ミラーを設計することができる。また、L1mとL2mの値を正または負の無限大に設定し、且つL1sとL2sを所定値(但し、L1s+L2s≠0)に設定することで、サジタル方向のみ集光性能を有する非点収差制御ミラーを設計することもできる。
鉛直上向きにビームを反射するようにミラーを設定した。すなわち、ミラー(反射面)の長手(メリディオナル)方向は鉛直集光を、短手(サジタル)方向は水平集光をそれぞれ担当する。幾何光学に基づく光線追跡計算では、図1~図3に示したメリディオナル方向・サジタル方向の各集光についての光源線を通る光線群を定義し、ミラーの反射面に入射させる。このとき、光源線の太さ、すなわち光源の大きさは0とする。反射面の有効範囲全体に均一に光線を出射する。
表2に実施例1のミラー設計に用いた定数の一覧を示す。入射長は鉛直と水平で異なる正の値を持ち、出射長は鉛直と水平で同一の正の値を持つ。光学系配置の模式図を図6に示す。
計算されたミラーの反射面の形状を図7に示す。図7(a)は、横軸をu座標、縦軸をv座標に設定したときの、ミラー原点に対する高さw(u,v)の分布である。また、図7(a)中において一点鎖線で示した短手方向断面プロファイルを図7(b)に示し、同じく図7(a)中において破線で示した長手方向断面プロファイルを図7(c)に示す。実施例1のミラーの反射面は、長手方向と短手方向で異なる曲率を持つ凹面である。
集光性能のシミュレーション結果を図8に示す。図8(a)は、幾何光学に基づいて集光面における光線のばらつきを計算した結果を示している。全光線が水平・鉛直共に10 nm 以下の領域に集約されていることが確認できた。
表3に実施例2のミラー設計に用いた定数の一覧を示す。鉛直(メリディオナル)集光入射長は正の値を持つのに対して、水平(サジタル)集光入射長は負の値を持っている。言い換えれば、入射ビームは、鉛直方向にはミラーよりも上流側に光源点を持つ一方で、水平方向にはミラーよりも下流の一点に向かって集光するような性質を持っている。出射長は、鉛直と水平で同一の正の値を持つ。光学系配置の模式図を図9に示す。このミラーは、曲率の正負が反転する極端な非点収差の解消を目的としたミラーである。
計算されたミラーの反射面の形状を図10に示す。図10(a)は,横軸をu座標,縦軸をv座標に設定したときの、ミラー原点に対する高さw(u,v)の分布である。図10(a)中において一点鎖線で示した短手方向断面プロファイルを図10(b)に示し、同じく図10(a)中において破線で示した長手方向断面プロファイルを図10(c)に示す。実施例2のミラーの反射面は、長手方向には凹のプロファイルを持ち、かつ短手方向には凸のプロファイルを持つ鞍形状である。
集光性能のシミュレーション結果を図11に示す。図11(a)は、幾何光学に基づいて集光面における光線のばらつきを計算し、図示したものである。全光線が水平・鉛直ともに10nm以下の領域に集約されていることが確認できた。
表4に実施例3のミラー設計に用いた定数の一覧を示す。入射長は鉛直と水平で同一の正の値を持ち、出射長は鉛直と水平で異なる正の値を持つ。光学系配置の模式図を図12に示す。
計算されたミラーの反射面の形状を図13に示す。図13(a)は、横軸をu座標、縦軸をv座標に設定したときの、ミラー原点に対する高さw(u,v)の分布である。また、図13(a)中において一点鎖線で示した短手方向断面プロファイルを図13(b)に示し、同じく図13(a)中において破線で示した長手方向断面プロファイルを図13(c)に示す。実施例3のミラーの反射面は、長手方向と短手方向で異なる曲率を持つ凹面である。
集光性能のシミュレーション結果を図14に示す。図14(a)は、幾何光学に基づいて鉛直方向集光面(z2=L2m)における光線のばらつきを計算した結果を示している。全光線が鉛直方向幅60nmの領域に集約されていることが確認できた。
表5に実施例4のミラー設計に用いた定数の一覧を示す。鉛直集光に関して、入射長及び出射長は正の無限大の値を持つ。このことは、ミラーがメリディオナル方向に集光性能を持たないことを示している。これに対して、水平集光の入射長及び出射長はいずれも正の値を持つ。光学系配置の模式図を図15に示す。
計算されたミラーの反射面の形状を図16に示す。図16(a)は、横軸をu座標、縦軸をv座標に設定したときの、ミラー原点に対する高さw(u,v)の分布である。また、図16(a)中において一点鎖線で示した短手方向断面プロファイルを図16t(b)に示し、同じく図16(a)中において破線で示した長手方向断面プロファイルを図16(c)に示す。図16(c)から、実施例4のミラーの反射面は、長手方向には完全に直線状のプロファイルを持つことが読み取れる。
次に、集光性能のシミュレーション結果を図18に示す。図18(a)は、幾何光学に基づいて鉛直向集光面(z2=L2s)における光線のばらつきを計算した結果を示している。全光線が幅10nm以下の領域に集約されていることが確認できた。
続いて、表2に示した実施例1の設計条件と同じ条件に設定された、非点収差の解消を目的とした既存のトロイダルミラー(比較例1)及び astigmatic off-axis mirror (比較例2)との比較を行う。
実施例1、比較例1、2の各ミラーの反射面の形状を図19に示す。これらミラーは、図19(b)(c)から読み取れるように,比較例2と実施例1とはほぼ形状が等しい。しかし、比較例2のミラーの高さ分布から実施例1のミラーの高さ分布を差し引いた結果を示す図20から分かるように、互いの形状にはμm オーダーの違いが存在する。
集光性能のシミュレーション結果を図21に示す。図21左列に示す光線のばらつきは、比較例1(トロイダルミラー)で2mm、比較例2(astigmatic off-axis mirror )で20μm、実施例1(本発明に係る非点収差制御ミラー)で2nmであった。
Claims (8)
- 板材表面に反射面を形成して作製されるミラーの設計方法であって、
ミラーへの入射ビームの光軸をz1軸、これに直交する断面をx1y1平面とし、
ミラーの出射ビームの光軸をz2軸、これに直交する断面をx2y2平面とし、
x1軸及びx2軸を反射面のサジタル方向と平行であるとし、
入射ビームが、z1軸上のz1軸とz2軸との反射面上の交点M0からz1軸方向に沿ってL1s変位した位置に、サジタル方向の集光についての光源をもち、かつ前記z1軸上の前記交点M0からz1軸方向に沿ってL1m変位した位置に、メリディオナル方向の集光についての光源をもち、
出射ビームが、サジタル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0からz2軸方向に沿ってL2s変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0からz2軸方向に沿ってL2m変位した位置に集光し、
ミラーを経由するすべての入射光線が、前記サジタル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りx1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル光源線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りy1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル光源線を通過し、
ミラーから放たれるすべての出射光線が、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル集光線を通過するとし、
ミラーの反射面上の任意の点をMとして、サジタル光源線とM点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル光源線とM点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L1s、L1mを用いて表わし、且つ、同じ前記M点からの出射光線とサジタル集光線との交点、及びM点からの出射光線とメリディオナル集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s、L2mを用いて表わし、
これら座標、及びサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して光源位置から集光位置までの光路長が一定であること、に基づき導かれる反射面の設計式を用いてミラーを設計することを特徴とする、ミラーの設計方法。 - 前記サジタル光源線、前記メリディオナル光源線を、それぞれy1軸方向に延びる直線Ss、x1軸方向に延びる直線Smとし、
前記サジタル集光線、前記メリディオナル集光線を、それぞれy2軸方向に延びる直線Fs、x2軸方向に延びる直線Fmとし、
前記サジタル方向の集光についての光源位置からM点までの入射長は、前記メリディオナル光源線Smとz1軸との交点Pm0を中心とし且つサジタル光源線Ssとz1軸との交点Ps0を通ってx1軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル光源線Ssを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1sとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル光源線Smに近い側の交点からM点までの距離として求め、
サジタル方向の集光についてのM点から集光位置までの出射長は、前記メリディオナル集光線Fmとz2軸との交点Qm0を中心とし且つサジタル集光線Fsとz2軸との交点Qs0を通ってx2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル集光線Fsを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2sとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル集光線Fmに近い側の交点からM点までの距離として求め、
前記メリディオナル方向の集光についての光源位置からM点までの入射長は、前記サジタル光源線Ssとz1軸との交点Ps0を中心とし且つメリディオナル光源線Smとz1軸との交点Pm0を通ってy1軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル光源線Smを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1mとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル光源線Ssに近い側の交点からM点までの距離として求め、
メリディオナル方向の集光についてのM点から集光位置までの出射長は、前記サジタル集光線Fsとz2軸との交点Qs0を中心とし且つメリディオナル集光線Fmとz2軸との交点Qm0を通ってy2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル集光線Fmを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2mとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル集光線Fsに近い側の交点からM点までの距離として求め、
これにより前記サジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光について光路長を算出してなる、
請求項1記載のミラーの設計方法。 - 前記入射光線と等位相面A1sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル光源線Smに近い側の交点からM点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記サジタル光源線Ssとの交点Psから前記M点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Psから前記等位相面A1sを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記出射光線と等位相面A2sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル集光線Fmに近い側の交点からM点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記サジタル集光線Fsとの交点Qsから前記M点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qsから前記等位相面A2sを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記入射光線と等位相面A1mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル光源線Ssに近い側の交点からM点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記メリディオナル光源線Smとの交点Pmから前記M点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Pmから前記等位相面A1mを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記出射光線と等位相面A2mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル集光線Fsに近い側の交点からM点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記メリディオナル集光線Fmとの交点Qmから前記M点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qmから前記等位相面A2mを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求める、
請求項2記載のミラーの設計方法。 - z1軸とz2軸の反射面上の交点M0を含み、該反射面に接する面をuv平面とし、
uv平面の前記M0を通る法線の方向をw軸とし、
v軸をz1軸およびz2軸の双方に直交する方向、u軸をv軸およびw軸の双方に直交する方向とし、
交点M0を原点、uv平面と光軸z1との成す斜入射角をθ0とした、ミラーを基準とした直交座標系を定義し、
前記座標を前記入射ビームの光軸を基準としたx1y1z1座標系、出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx2y2z2座標系にそれぞれ変換し、
前記設計式をuvw座標系で表してなる、
請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のミラーの設計方法。 - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1sとL1mの値が異なり、且つ前記L2sとL2mの値が一致しており、
非点収差をもつ入射ビームから一点に集光する出射ビームが得られる、非点収差制御ミラー。 - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1sとL1mの値が一致し、且つ前記L2sとL2mの値が異なっており、
一点から発散する入射ビームから非点収差をもつ出射ビームが得られる、非点収差制御ミラー。 - 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1mとL2mの値が正または負の無限大であり、且つ前記L1sとL2sが所定値(但し、L1s+L2s≠0)をもち、
サジタル方向のみ集光性能を有する、非点収差制御ミラー。
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