WO2022153979A1 - ミラーの設計方法、および該設計方法における設計式が成り立つ反射面を備えた非点収差制御ミラー - Google Patents
ミラーの設計方法、および該設計方法における設計式が成り立つ反射面を備えた非点収差制御ミラー Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
- G21K1/067—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators using surface reflection, e.g. grazing incidence mirrors, gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/08—Anamorphotic objectives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K2201/00—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles
- G21K2201/06—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements
- G21K2201/064—Arrangements for handling radiation or particles using diffractive, refractive or reflecting elements having a curved surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for designing a mirror having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface on which light is sequentially reflected, and an astigmatism control mirror having a reflecting surface for which the design formula in the design method holds.
- the synchrotron radiation soft X-ray beam is characterized by different characteristics in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- the beam size tends to be smaller in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
- the coherent width is larger in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
- the divergence angle of the beam in the vertical direction increases.
- the spectroscope including the diffraction grating used collects soft X-rays only in the spectral direction, "astigmatism" occurs in which the light source position differs depending on the spectral direction and the direction in which the light source is not focused.
- Non-Patent Document 1 There is a toroidal mirror that has the potential to remove astigmatism (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the toroidal mirror is a mirror that is similar to the existing rotating elliptical mirror and is easy to manufacture by setting a uniform radius of curvature in each of the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction of the reflecting surface, and eliminates astigmatism. Even if it can be done, there is a drawback that the light collection size increases in principle.
- Astigmatic off-axis mirror has also been proposed as a mirror that can set the focusing size smaller than the toroidal mirror and can set the vertical and horizontal independent light sources and focusing points (Non-Patent Document 2). ..
- This mirror uses an elliptical curve to focus a beam diverging from one point to another point, a parabola to parallelize a beam diverging from one point, and another beam focusing toward one point. Based on the principle that hyperbolas are applied as the ridges of the reflecting surfaces in order to convert them into beams that focus toward points, different conic sections are set in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction, and they are connected smoothly. It is a shape that requires a curved surface.
- this AO mirror is a mirror defined by rotating a conic section profile in the longitudinal direction around a straight line (major axis) connecting the focal points of the conic section in the lateral direction in order to obtain a curved surface, and is a reflecting surface. Since is approximated to an axially symmetric shape, there is a limit to the suppression of the condensing size due to the approximation. There is no problem if the beam is in the terahertz region with a long wavelength, but it cannot correspond to the beam in the X-ray region. In addition, the design formula is very complicated, including coordinate transformation several times, and the parameters are also complicated, difficult to understand and use.
- the present invention attempts to solve in view of the above situation is that the light source position and the light collection position can be set independently in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, whereby the non-point aberration can be freely converted.
- the light source size can be suppressed to a smaller size to support beams in the X-ray region, the design formula is simple, the range of applications is wide, and beams with different characteristics in the vertical and horizontal directions are handled.
- the point is to provide a mirror design method capable of producing a mirror that can be suitably used as an optical system.
- the present inventor has conducted a "light source line" for each of the focusing in the sagittal direction and the focusing in the meridional direction as a method for geometrically and optically expressing the properties of a beam having non-point aberration.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- (1) A method for designing a mirror having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface on which light is sequentially reflected.
- the optical axis of the incident beam on the first reflecting surface is the z1 axis, and a cross section orthogonal to the z1 axis.
- the x 1 y 1 plane, the optical axis of the emitted beam of the first reflection surface, which is the incident beam to the second reflection surface, is the z 2 axis, and the cross section orthogonal to this is the x 2 y 2 plane, and the second
- the optical axis of the emitted beam of the reflecting surface is the z3 axis , the cross section perpendicular to this is the x3 y3 plane, and the x1 axis, x2 and x3 axes are the sagittal directions of the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface.
- the incident beam on the first contralateral surface is L 1s along the z 1 axis direction from the intersection M 0 A on the first reflection surface of the z 1 axis and the z 2 axis on the z 1 axis.
- a light source for light collection in the sagittal direction is provided at the position displaced by A, and light collection in the meridional direction is performed at a position displaced L 1 mA A along the z 1 axis direction from the intersection M 0 A on the z 1 axis.
- the emission beam of the second reflecting surface has a light source of about , and the light is focused in the sagittal direction .
- All emitted light rays emitted from the second reflecting surface pass through the position of the light source in the focusing and pass through the meridional light source line extending in the direction orthogonal to both the y1 axis and the z1 axis, and are condensed in the sagittal direction.
- the sagittal condensing line extending in the direction orthogonal to both the x3 axis and the z3 axis passing through the condensing position in the above , and the y3 axis and the z3 axis passing through the condensing position in the meridional direction condensing.
- the z2 axis for condensing in the sagittal direction. Condensing at a position displaced by L 2s A along the z 2 axis direction from the above intersection M 0 A , and condensing in the meridional direction from the intersection M 0 A on the z 2 axis in the z 2 axis direction.
- the sagittal virtual condensing line for condensing in the sagittal direction is used as a sagittal virtual light source line
- the meridional virtual condensing line for condensing in the meridional direction for the first reflecting surface is used as a meridional virtual light source line.
- Each coordinate is represented by using the L 1s A and L 1 mA , and the intersection of the emitted ray from the MA point and the sagittal virtual focused line, and the emitted ray from the MA point and the meridional virtual focused line.
- Each coordinate of the intersection of is represented by using the above L 2s A and L 2mA , and an arbitrary point on the second reflecting surface is designated as MB, and the intersection of the sagittal virtual light source line and the incident light ray to the MB point,
- each coordinate of the intersection of the meridional virtual light source line and the incident ray to the MB point is expressed by using the distance L between the above L 2s A , L 2mA , and M 0 A M 0 B , and is expressed as MB .
- the coordinates of the intersection of the light emitted from the point and the sagittal focused line and the intersection of the light emitted from the point MB and the meridional focused line are expressed using the above L 2s B and L 2 mb , and these coordinates, the first Condensing in the sagittal direction and condensing in the meridional direction on the 1 reflecting surface
- the optical path length from the light source position to the virtual condensing position is constant at any point on the reflecting surface, and the sagittal on the 2nd reflecting surface.
- the sagittal light source line and the meridional light source line are defined as a straight line S s extending in the y - axis direction and a straight line S m extending in the x - axis direction, respectively.
- y A straight line F s A extending in the biaxial direction, x a straight line F m A extending in the biaxial direction, and the sagittal virtual light source line and the meridional virtual light source line are straight lines S s B , respectively, which correspond to the straight line F s A.
- the straight line Sm B corresponding to the straight line Fm A is defined, and the sagittal condensing line and the meridional condensing line are defined as a straight line F s extending in the y3 axis direction and a straight line Fm extending in the x3 axis direction, respectively.
- the method for designing a mirror according to (1) wherein the optical path lengths are calculated for each of the light sources in the meridional direction and the light sources in the sagittal direction on the first reflecting surface or the second reflecting surface. ..
- the rotated arc plane be the equiphase plane A 1s , and obtain it as the distance from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1s on the side closer to the meridional light source line S m to the MA point.
- the emission length from the MA point to the virtual condensing position for condensing in the sagittal direction on the first reflecting surface is centered on the intersection Q m0 A between the meridional virtual condensing line FmA and the z2 axis.
- phase plane A 2s A it is obtained as the distance from the intersection of the two intersections of the emitted light beam and the equiphase plane A 2s A , which is closer to the meridional virtual condensing line FmA, to the MA point. 1
- the optical path length is calculated for the light collection in the sagittal direction on the reflecting surface.
- the rotated arc plane be the equiphase plane A 1 m , and obtain it as the distance from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1 m on the side closer to the sagittal light source line S s to the MA point.
- the emission length from the MA point to the virtual condensing position for condensing in the meridional direction on the first reflecting surface is centered on the intersection Q s0 A of the sagittal virtual condensing line F s A and the z2 axis.
- phase plane A 2mA it is obtained as the distance from the intersection of the emitted light beam and the equiphase plane A 2mA on the side closer to the sagittal virtual condensing line F s A to the MA point.
- the optical path length is calculated for the light collection in the meridional direction on the first reflecting surface.
- the rotating arc plane rotated around the virtual light source line S s B is set as the equiphase plane A 1s B , and the meridional virtual light source line S m B out of the two intersections of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s B. Obtained as the distance from the intersection on the near side to the MB point, the emission length from the MB point to the light source position for the light source in the sagittal direction on the second reflecting surface is the meridional light source lines F m and z 3 .
- the rotating arc plane is defined as the equiphase plane A 2s , and is obtained as the distance from the intersection of the two intersections of the emitted light beam and the equiphase plane A 2s on the side closer to the meridional condensing line F m to the MB point.
- the optical path length is calculated for the light source in the sagittal direction on the second reflecting surface.
- the rotating arc plane rotated around the virtual light source line S m B is set as the equiphase plane A 1 m B , and the sagittal virtual light source line S s B out of the two intersections of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1 m B.
- the emission length from the MB point to the condensing position for the condensing in the meridional direction on the second reflecting surface is the sagittal condensing lines F s and z 3
- An arc extending around the intersection Q s0 with the axis and passing through the intersection Qm0 between the meridional condensing line F m and the z3 axis in the direction orthogonal to the y3 axis was rotated around the meridional condensing line F m .
- the distance from the intersection of the two intersections of the emitted light beam and the equiphase plane A 2m on the side closer to the sagittal condensing line F s to the MB point is obtained.
- the optical path length is calculated for the light source in the meridional direction on the second reflecting surface.
- the distance from the intersection on the side close to the virtual condensing line FmA to the MA point the distance from the intersection Qs A of the emitted light beam and the sagittal virtual condensing line F s A to the MA point is obtained. It is obtained by adding or subtracting the distance from the intersection Q s A to the arc defining the equiphase plane A 2 s A to the distance.
- the sagittal light source line out of the two intersections of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1m on the first reflecting surface For the distance from the intersection on the side closer to S s to the MA point, the distance from the intersection P m of the incident light ray and the meridional light source line S m to the MA point is obtained, and the intersection P is added to the distance. Obtained by adding or subtracting the distance from m to the arc that defines the equiphase plane A 1 m , and out of the two intersections of the emitted light beam on the first reflecting surface and the equiphase plane A 2mA.
- the distance from the intersection QmA of the emitted light beam and the meridional virtual condensing line F mA to the MA point is obtained.
- the distance from the intersection QmA to the arc defining the equiphase plane A 2mA is added or subtracted from the distance.
- the meridional virtual of the two intersections of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s B on the second reflecting surface For the distance from the intersection near the light source line Sm B to the MB point, the distance from the intersection P s B of the incident light ray and the sagittal virtual light source line S s B to the MB point is obtained, and the distance is determined. The distance from the intersection P s B to the arc defining the equiphase surface A 1s B is added or subtracted to obtain the distance, and the emitted light beam on the second reflecting surface and the equiphase surface A 2s are obtained.
- the distance from the intersection on the side closer to the meridional condensing line F m to the MB point is the distance from the intersection Q s of the emitted light beam and the sagittal condensing line F s to the MB point.
- the distance from the intersection Q s to the arc defining the equiphase plane A 2s is added or subtracted from the distance.
- the sagittal virtual of the two intersections of the incident light ray on the second reflecting surface and the equiphase plane A 1 mb B For the distance from the intersection near the light source line S s B to the MB point, the distance from the intersection P mb of the incident light ray and the meridional virtual light source line S mb to the MB point is obtained, and the distance is determined. The distance is obtained by adding or subtracting the distance from the intersection point Pm B to the arc defining the equiphase surface A 1m B , and the emitted light beam on the second reflecting surface and the equiphase surface A 2m .
- the distance from the intersection on the side closer to the sagittal condensing line F s to the MB point is the distance from the intersection Q m between the emitted light beam and the meridional condensing line F m to the MB point.
- a Cartesian coordinate system u A v A w A with respect to the first reflection plane is defined with A as the origin and the oblique incident angle formed by the u A v A plane and the optical axis z 1 as ⁇ 0 A.
- the surface in contact with the reflecting surface is the u B v B plane, and the normal line passing through the M 0 B of the u B v B plane.
- the direction is the w B axis
- the v B axis is the direction orthogonal to both the z 2 axis and the z 3 axis
- the u B axis is the direction orthogonal to both the v B axis and the w B axis
- the intersection point M 0 B is the origin.
- U B v B The orthogonal coordinate system u B v B w B with respect to the second reflection plane is defined, where the oblique incident angle formed by the plane of u B v B and the optical axis z 2 is ⁇ 0 B , and the above u A v A is defined.
- the w A coordinate system and the u B v B w B coordinate system are the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system and the incident beam on the second reflection surface, respectively, with reference to the optical axis of the incident beam on the first reflection surface. Converted to the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system based on the optical axis of the emitted beam on the first reflecting surface and the x 3 y 3 z 3 coordinate system based on the optical axis of the emitted beam on the second reflecting surface.
- a non-point aberration control mirror that has the same value of 2 mb and can obtain an emitted beam that is focused on one point from an incident beam that has astigmatism.
- a mirror having a reflective surface according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the values of L 1s A and L 1 mA match, and the L 2s A and L The values of 2mA are different, and the values of L 2s B and L 2MB are the same , and astigmatism is given to the incident beam diverging from one point on the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface.
- a non-point aberration control mirror that eliminates the astigmatism and gives different reduction magnifications in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- L 2mA and L 2s A according to the equation (4) using the defined magnification M s in the sagittal direction and the magnification M m in the meridional direction, the beam spreading from one point both vertically and horizontally is generated twice.
- An astigmatism control mirror designed so that the beam is circular at the condensing point or the divergence position further downstream by condensing the light into one point after the reflection of.
- the three points of the condensing line F s A and z 2 -axis intersection Q s0 A and the condensing line F s and z 3 -axis intersection Q s 0 exist on the same straight line.
- a non-point aberration control mirror that expands the allowable installation angle range by setting 2s A and L 2mA .
- the light source position and the condensing position can be set independently in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, whereby a mirror capable of freely converting astigmatism can be manufactured.
- the focused size can be suppressed to a smaller size to support a beam in the X-ray region.
- the design formula is simple, the range of applications is wide, and it can be suitably used as an optical system for handling beams having different characteristics in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- the design method of the present invention it is possible to obtain the condensing performance once by reflecting each of the vertical and horizontal condensing on the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface two or more times. Compared to the case where the light collection performance is obtained by the reflection of, it is possible to suppress off-axis aberration and further improve the imaging performance, and as described above, it is possible to freely convert astigmatism and at the same time, the installation angle error. It becomes possible to provide a mirror which is resistant to light.
- the beam can be focused from one point to one point. It is also possible to provide mirrors that give different reduction magnifications vertically and horizontally. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a mirror for circularizing the focused size for beams whose light source sizes are significantly different between vertical and horizontal. Further, by circularizing the shape of the beam incident on the second reflecting surface on the downstream side, it is possible to provide a mirror that forms a beam having a circular intensity profile at the divergence position.
- FIG. 1 The conceptual diagram of the mirror designed by the design method which concerns on this invention.
- (A) to (c) are conceptual diagrams showing the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system, the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system, and the x 3 y 3 z 3 coordinate system, respectively.
- (A) is an explanatory diagram showing each point where the incident beam and the exit beam intersect the light source line and the virtual light source line on the first reflection surface, and (b) is the collection of the incident beam and the exit beam on the second reflection surface.
- Explanatory drawing which shows the installation angle error to input. It is a graph which shows the response to a pitch angle error. ) Is the response of the focusing position shift in the sagittal direction. It is a graph which shows the response to a yaw angle error, (a) is the response of the concentrating size in the meridional direction, (b) is the response of the condensing size in the sagittal direction, (c) is the response of the focusing position deviation in the meridional direction, (d). ) Is the response of the focusing position shift in the sagittal direction. It is a graph which shows the response to a roll angle error. ) Is the response of the focusing position shift in the sagittal direction.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the mirror shape (height distribution) of Example 3, (a) shows the two-dimensional distribution of height, and (b) shows the sectional profile in the longitudinal direction.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the mirror shape (height distribution) of Example 4, (a) shows the two-dimensional distribution of height, and (b) shows the sectional profile in the longitudinal direction.
- (A) is a diagram showing the result of outputting the distribution of light rays at the condensing point by the ray tracing calculation for the mirror of Example 4, and (b) is the result of outputting the distribution of light rays at a position 10 m downstream from the condensing point. The figure which shows.
- the method for designing a mirror of the present invention relates to a method for designing a mirror having a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface on which light is sequentially reflected.
- the mirror design method according to the present invention will be described with reference to typical embodiments.
- the present invention aims at free conversion of non-point aberration, and designs a mirror with higher accuracy based on Fermat's principle that "light passes through the path with the shortest optical distance".
- Fermat's principle states that, when limited to a condensing (or diffusing) mirror, "the sum of the distance from the light source point and the distance to the condensing point is constant for any point on the mirror surface (reflecting surface)". It can be converted into an expression. If the incident beam or the emitted beam has astigmatism, the law of constant optical path length cannot be applied immediately. This is because, as the name implies, a beam with non-point aberration does not have a single light source point or focus point.
- the present invention is a design method realized by newly defining "light source line” and "condensing line” and making it possible to geometrically and optically express the properties of a beam having non-point aberration. be.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a mirror designed by the design method according to the present invention.
- Reference numeral A indicates a first reflecting surface (also referred to as mirror A)
- reference numeral B indicates a second reflecting surface (also referred to as mirror B).
- the optical axis of the incident beam on the first reflection surface is the z1 axis
- the cross section orthogonal to this is the x1 y1 plane, and the second reflection.
- the optical axis of the emitted beam of the first reflecting surface, which is the incident beam to the surface, is the z2 axis
- the cross section orthogonal to this is the x2 y2 plane
- the optical axis of the emitted beam of the second reflecting surface is z. It is assumed that the three axes and the cross section orthogonal to the three axes are x3 y3 planes, and the x1 axis, x2 and x3 axes are parallel to the sagittal direction of the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface.
- the incident beam is from the intersection M 0 A to z on the first reflecting surface between the z 1 axis and the z 2 axis on the z 1 axis.
- the intersection M 0 A to z 2 axes on the z 2 axis is assumed. It is assumed that the light is focused on a position displaced by L 2s A along the direction.
- the light source is located at a position displaced L 1 mA along the z 1 axis from the intersection M 0 A on the z 1 axis, and the emitted beam is not reflected by the second reflecting surface.
- the light is focused at a position displaced by L 2 mA along the z 2 axis direction from the intersection M 0 A on the z 2 axis.
- the sagittal light source line (S s ) extending in the y 1 -axis direction, and the direction (x 1 ) orthogonal to both the optical axis z 1 axis and the meridional direction (y 1 axis) through the position of the light source in condensing in the meridional direction. It is considered to pass through the meridional light source line ( Sm ) extending in the axial direction). In this way, the sagittal light source line (S s ) and the meridional light source line (S m ) are defined.
- all the emitted light rays emitted from the first reflecting surface pass through the focused position in the focusing in the sagittal direction and are orthogonal to the optical axis z2 of the emitted light and the sagittal direction ( x2 axis) ( y).
- the sagittal virtual condensing line (F s A ) extending in the biaxial direction) and the direction orthogonal to the optical axes z2 and y2 of the emitted light passing through the condensing position in the condensing in the meridional direction ( x2 axis direction).
- the sagittal virtual condensing line (F s A ) and the meridional virtual condensing line (F m A ) are defined.
- the sagittal virtual condensing line (F s A ) for the first reflecting surface is the sagittal virtual light source line (S s ) on the extension line thereof.
- the emitted beam is along the z3 axis direction from the intersection M0B on the second reflecting surface between the z2 axis and the z3 axis on the z3 axis.
- L 2s B Suppose that the light is focused on the displaced position. Further, regarding the focusing in the meridional direction of the second reflecting surface, it is assumed that the emitted beam is focused at a position displaced by L 2 mb from the intersection M 0 B on the z 3 axis along the z 3 axis direction.
- All the emitted light rays emitted from the second reflecting surface pass through the focused position in the focusing in the sagittal direction and are orthogonal to the optical axis z3 of the emitted light and the sagittal direction ( x3 axis) ( y3 axis).
- the sagittal condensing line (F s ) extending in the direction) and the meridional extending in the direction orthogonal to the optical axes z3 and y3 of the emitted light passing through the condensing position in the condensing in the meridional direction ( x3 axis direction). It is considered to pass through the condensing line ( Fm ). In this way, the sagittal condensing line (F s ) and the meridional condensing line (F m ) are defined.
- the meridional virtual light source line (Sm B ), the sagittal condensing line (F s ), and the meridional condensing line (F m ) are straight lines, but may be curved lines.
- FIG. 3 shows the case where L 1s A > L 1m A > 0 and L 2s A > L 2m A > 0, but these constants can take negative values.
- L 1s A or L 1mA takes a negative value
- the incident beam to the first reflecting surface is reflected by the reflecting surface while being focused downstream.
- L 2s A or L 2mA takes a negative value
- the emitted beam of the first reflecting surface has a wavefront as if it diverged from a position upstream of the reflecting surface.
- FIG. 4 shows the case where L 1s B ⁇ L 1m B ⁇ 0 and L 2s B > L 2m B > 0.
- L 1s B or L 1 mb has a negative value
- the incident beam to the second reflecting surface is reflected by the reflecting surface in the middle of condensing toward the downstream.
- L 2s B or L 2 mb B has a negative value
- the emitted beam of the second reflecting surface has a wavefront as if it diverged from a position upstream of the reflecting surface.
- the intersection ( P s B ) of the sagittal virtual light source line (S s B ) and the incident light ray to the MB point is defined as MB at an arbitrary point on the second reflecting surface.
- each coordinate of the intersection ( PM B ) of the meridional virtual light source line (S mb ) and the incident ray to the MB point is between L 2s A , L 2 mA , and M 0 A M 0 B.
- intersection (Q s ) of the light emitted from the point MB and the sagittal focused line ( F s ), and the light emitted from the point MB and the meridional focused line ( F m ) are expressed using the distance L.
- the coordinates of P s , P m , Q s A , Q m A , P s B , P m B , Q s , and Q m , the light collection in the sagittal direction and the light collection in the meridional direction on the first reflection surface are constant for any point on the reflection surface, and the light collection in the sagittal direction and the light collection in the meridional direction on the second reflection surface are on the reflection surface, respectively.
- the design formulas for the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface can be derived.
- Arbitrary points MA and MB on each reflecting surface of the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are u A v A w A Cartesian coordinate system and u B v B w B Cartesian coordinate system with respect to the reflecting surface.
- the orthogonal coordinate system u A v A w A includes the intersection M 0 A on the first reflection surface of the z 1 axis and the z 2 axis, and the surface in contact with the reflection surface is u A.
- the v A plane is defined as the direction of the normal line passing through the M 0 A of the u A v A plane
- the v A axis is the direction orthogonal to both the z 1 axis and the z 2 axis
- the u A axis is v.
- the direction is orthogonal to both the A axis and the w A axis, the intersection point M 0 A is the origin, and the oblique incident angle formed by the u A v A plane and the optical axis z 1 is ⁇ 0 A.
- the Cartesian coordinate system u B v B w B includes the intersection M 0 B on the second reflection surface of the z 2 axis and the z 3 axis, and the surface in contact with the reflection surface is the u B v B plane, and u B v B.
- the direction of the normal line passing through the M 0 B on the plane is the w B axis
- the v B axis is the direction orthogonal to both the z 2 axis and the z 3 axis
- the u B axis is both the v B axis and the w B axis.
- the directions were orthogonal to each other, the intersection point M 0 B was set as the origin, and the oblique incident angle formed by the u B v B plane and the optical axis z 2 was set as ⁇ 0 B.
- the sagittal light source line (S s ) and the meridional light source line (S m ) for condensing the first reflecting surface are orthogonal to the incident beam optical axis z 1 instead of the u A axis.
- the sagittal virtual focused line ( Fs A ) and the meridional virtual focused line ( Fm A ) are orthogonal to the emitted beam optical axis z2.
- the optical path length is calculated after converting to a coordinate system based on each of the incident beam optical axis and the emitted beam optical axis, and is substituted into the design formula of the astigmatism control mirror. The same applies to the light collection on the second reflecting surface.
- the u A v A w A coordinate system and the u B v B w B coordinate system are x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system and the second reflection based on the optical axis of the incident beam on the first reflection surface, respectively.
- the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system based on the optical axis of the emitted beam on the first reflecting surface, which is the incident beam on the surface, and x 3 y 3 based on the optical axis of the emitted beam on the second reflecting surface. Converted to the z3 coordinate system, and the design formula is represented by the uA vA w A coordinate system and the u B v B w B coordinate system .
- the conversion to the coordinate system based on the optical axis of the incident beam is as follows.
- the coordinates of the points MA (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) on the mirror are given by Eq. (5).
- the coordinates of the intersection P s of the incident ray passing through the point MA and the sagittal light source line S s and the coordinates of the intersection P m of the incident ray and the meridional light source line S m are in the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system, respectively.
- the above - mentioned displacements L 1s A and L 1mA can be represented by the following (6) and (7).
- the conversion to the coordinate system based on the optical axis of the emitted beam on the first reflecting surface is as follows.
- the coordinates of the points MA (x 2 A , y 2 A , z 2 A ) on the mirror are given by Eq. (8).
- the coordinates of the intersection P s B of the incident ray passing through the point MB and the sagittal virtual light source line S s B and the coordinates of the intersection P mb of the incident light ray and the meridional virtual light source line S mb are x 2 y, respectively.
- it can be expressed by the following equations (12) and (13) using the displacements L 1s B and L 1 mb described above.
- the coordinates of the intersection Q s of the emitted ray passing through the point MB and the sagittal focused line F s on the second reflecting surface and the coordinates of the intersection Q m of the emitted ray and the meridional focused line F m are x 3 y 3 respectively.
- the z3 coordinate system it can be represented by the following (15) and (16) using the above-mentioned displacements L 2s B and L 2 mb .
- the above-mentioned light source line and each intersection on the condensing line P s , P m , Q s A , Q m A , P s B , P m B , Q s , Q m and the first reflecting surface / first 2 The distance from arbitrary points MA and MB on the reflecting surface is not used as the incident length or emission length as it is, but is more accurate while using the coordinates of the intersections of the light source line and the condensing line defined by a straight line.
- the following optical path length compensation is performed so that a suitable design formula can be obtained.
- the x1 axis is centered on the intersection Pm0 between the meridional light source line Sm and the z1 axis and passes through the intersection Ps0 between the sagittal light source line Ss and the z1 axis.
- the rotating arc plane formed by rotating the arc B 1s extending in the direction orthogonal to the sagittal light source line S s around the axis be the equiphase plane A 1s .
- the incident length from the light source position to the MA point for focusing in the sagittal direction is from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1s on the side closer to the meridional light source line S m to the MA point. It is more accurate to find it as the distance of.
- the distance from the intersection of the incident light ray and the equiphase plane A 1s to the MA point on the reflection surface of the mirror is first from the intersection point P s of the incident light ray and the sagittal light source line S s to the MA point.
- the distance from the intersection P s to the arc B 1 s that defines the equiphase plane A 1 s, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from P s to the arc B 1 s is defined as H 1 s.
- the distance between P s H 1 s is added or subtracted (subtracted in the example of this figure) to obtain the distance. That is, the incident length f 1s A is expressed by the equation (17).
- the beam having a phase distribution corresponding to the above that is, the beam before being incident on the mirror (reflection surface) has a wavefront diverging from the sagittal light source line Ss in the x1 axis direction.
- the y1 axis is centered on the intersection P s0 between the sagittal light source line S s and the z1 axis and passes through the intersection Pm0 between the meridional light source line Sm and the z1 axis.
- the rotating arc plane formed by rotating the arc B 1 m extending in the direction orthogonal to the meridional light source line S m around the axis is defined as the equiphase plane A 1 m .
- the incident length from the light source position to the MA point for the meridional direction focusing is on the reflection surface of the mirror from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1 m on the side closer to the sagittal light source line S s . It is calculated as the distance to the MA point of.
- the distance from the intersection of the incident light beam and the equiphase plane A 1 m to the MA point first, the distance from the intersection point P m to the MA point of the incident light beam and the meridional light source line S m is obtained, and the distance is set to the distance.
- the distance from the intersection point P m to the arc B 1 m that defines the equiphase plane A 1 m that is, the distance between P m H 1 m is added or calculated with the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from P m to the arc B 1 m as H 1 m. It is calculated by subtracting (adding in this example). That is, the incident length f 1 mA is expressed by the equation (19).
- the exit side also corresponds to the equiphase plane in the vicinity corresponding to the intersection Q s A on the sagittal virtual condensing line F s A , and the intersection Q m A on the meridional virtual condensing line F mA .
- the wavefront diverging from the meridional virtual condensing line F m A should be virtually observed.
- the virtual emission length in the sagittal direction is f 2s A. It is possible to obtain a more accurate emission length for each of the virtual emission lengths f 2mA in the meridional direction.
- f 2s A can be transformed as shown in the following equation (23) by introducing t'2x A and t'2y A.
- f 2mA can be transformed as shown in the following equation (24) by introducing t'2x A and t'2y A.
- phase on S s B It is not possible to strictly define the phase on S s B based on such an assumption, but here the intersection of S m B and the incident optical axis z 2 is set as P m 0 B , and on S s B It is considered that there is a phase distribution according to the distance from P m0 B.
- a wavefront that converges toward the sagittal virtual light source line S s B should be virtually observed.
- the distance from the intersection P s B to the arc B 1 s B that defines the equiphase plane, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from P s B to the arc B 1 s B is shown.
- f 1s B can be transformed as shown in the following equation (27) by introducing t'1x B and t'1y B.
- the distance from the intersection Q s to the arc B 2 s B that defines the equiphase plane, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from Q s to the arc B 2 s B is H 2 s.
- the distance between H 2s B Q s as B and the distance from the intersection Q m to the arc B 2m B that defines the equiphase plane, that is, the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from Q m to the arc B 2m B is called H 2m B.
- f 2m B can be transformed as shown in the following equation (32) by introducing t'2x B and t'2y B.
- the first reflecting surface is at a point (u A , v A , w A ) that simultaneously satisfies the sagittal focusing condition of equation (33) and the meridional focusing condition of equation (34).
- the second reflecting surface is also the reflection obtained by the set of points (u B , v B , w B ) that simultaneously satisfy the light collecting condition in the sagittal direction of equation 35 and the light collecting condition in the meridional direction of equation (36).
- the equation f A (u A , v A , w A ) 0 weighted as in (Equation (37)).
- ⁇ A is a weighting coefficient for light collection in the meridional direction
- Equation (37) is a design equation for the first reflective surface. Rewriting t'1x, t'1y , t'2x , and t'2y in the equation based on the u A v A w A coordinate system gives the following equations (38) to (41).
- the design formula for the second reflecting surface is the first formula (formula for the condensing condition in the sagittal direction) derived from the fact that the optical path length from the virtual light source point to the condensing point is constant for condensing in the sagittal direction. )
- F s B (u B , v B , w B ) 0 (Equation (35))
- the optical path length from the virtual light source point to the light source point is constant for light collection in the meridional direction.
- each reflecting surface of the mirror of the present invention is represented by a common coordinate system (u, v, w) as shown in FIG.
- intersection of the incident beam optical axis z 1 and the emitted beam optical axis z 3 be the origin O (0, 0, 0) of the Cartesian coordinate system uvw.
- the center of rotation of the mirror installation mechanism shall also match this point.
- the intersection of the incident beam optical axis and the first reflection surface is M 0 A
- the intersection of the emission beam optical axis and the second reflection surface is M 0 B
- the longitudinal u-axis is parallel to the straight line M 0 A M 0 B.
- the v-axis in the lateral direction is set so as to be orthogonal to both the optical axis of the incident beam and the optical axis of the emitted beam.
- the w-axis is orthogonal to both the u-axis and the v-axis.
- the viewing angle at the point M 0 A of the first reflecting surface is set as ⁇ 0 A
- the viewing angle at the point M 0 B of the second reflecting surface is set as ⁇ 0 B
- the length of the line segment M 0 A M 0 B is set as L.
- the coordinates of points M 0 A and M 0 B are expressed by the following equations (47) and (48).
- the longitudinal unit vector e u B , the lateral unit vector e v B , and the normal direction unit vector e w B of the second reflecting surface are also expressed by the following equations (50), respectively.
- the condensing lines F m and F s for the entire mirror are synonymous with the condensing lines for the second reflecting surface.
- the emission lengths L 2m B and L 2s A of the second reflecting surface are expressed by the following equations (53) and (54) using L 2m and L 2s .
- the sagittal virtual focusing line F s A of the first reflecting surface is the sagittal virtual light source line S s B of the second reflecting surface and the meridional virtual focusing line F of the first reflecting surface. It is necessary that mA coincides with the meridional virtual light source line Sm B of the second reflecting surface, respectively. Therefore, the meridional incident length L 1 m B and the sagittal incident length L 1 s B of the second reflecting surface are the following equations (55) and (55) from the meridional emission length L 2 mA and the sagittal emission length L 2 s A of the first reflecting surface. It is derived as in 56).
- L 1m A , L 2m A , and L 2m B are set to positive or negative infinity, and L 1s A , L 2s A , and L 2s B are predetermined values (however, L 1s A + L 2s A ).
- L 1s B + L 2s B By setting ⁇ 0, L 1s B + L 2s B ⁇ 0), it is possible to design an astigmatism control mirror having focusing performance only in the sagittal direction.
- the first reflecting surface A of the mirror is a rotating elliptical surface (rotating parabolic surface, rotating bi-curved surface) having a light source point S and a virtual condensing point FA as two focal points.
- the second reflecting surface B becomes a rotating bi-curved surface (rotating parabolic surface, rotating elliptical surface) having a virtual light source point FA and a light source point F at two focal points.
- L 2mA and L 2s A a mirror that controls the vertical / horizontal ratio of the beam size at the focusing point and a mirror that controls the ratio of the vertical / horizontal divergence angle of the focused beam can be used. It can also be designed.
- the emission lengths L 2mA and L 2s A of the first reflecting surface determine the magnification of the meridional direction focusing and the sagittal direction focusing , respectively.
- the magnification in the condensing optical system is defined as the ratio of the condensing size to the light source size.
- the magnification of condensing in the meridional direction is expressed as M m
- the magnification of condensing in the sagittal direction is expressed as M s .
- Equation (3) shows that the total magnification of the double-reflection mirror can be estimated by the product of the magnification given to the beam by the first reflecting surface and the magnification given to the beam by the second reflecting surface.
- M m and M s can take negative values.
- a mirror that spreads a beam from one point both vertically and horizontally is focused again at one point after being reflected twice, and the beam is circularized at the focusing point (a mirror that makes the beam circular at the focusing position).
- the mutual relationship between the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system, the x 2 y 2 z 2 coordinate system, and the x 3 y 3 z 3 coordinate system will be shown.
- the relationship is derived via the uvw coordinate system, but the relationship can be derived without any limitation.
- the x 1 y 1 z 1 coordinate system can be expressed by equation (61) using uvw, from which equation (62) is derived.
- the x 3 y 3 z 3 coordinate system can be expressed by the equation (65) using uvw, and the equation (66) can be obtained by substituting the above equation (62) into the equation (65).
- the intersections of the light source line, the virtual condensing line, and the condensing line and the optical axes z1, z2 , and z3 are set to exist in the same linear shape for each of the focusing in the sagittal direction and the focusing in the meridional direction.
- the mirror (referred to as “installation angle allowable range expansion mirror") can suppress the influence of angle error (viewing angle error, in-plane rotation error, axial rotation), and is effective as a mirror that expands the installation angle allowable range. Indicates that.
- the design viewing angle is ⁇ 0
- the incident length is L 1 s , L 1 m
- the emission length is L 2 s, L 2 m .
- the radii of curvature ⁇ s and ⁇ m are given by Eqs. (67) and (68)
- the response of the emission length to the increment value ⁇ of the viewing angle is obtained by partially differentiating Eqs. (67) and (68). It is represented by the obtained equations (69) and (70). Comparing Eqs. (69) and (70), it can be seen that the emission lengths of the meridional condensing and the sagittal condensing show different positive and negative changes with respect to the change in the viewing angle.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing the reaction when the viewing angle error is input to the double reflection mirror (integrated type).
- the design viewing angle of the first reflecting surface on the upstream side is ⁇ 0 A
- the viewing angle of the reflecting surface on the downstream side is ⁇ 0 B.
- the emission length of the first reflecting surface shows a reaction in which the positive and negative directions are reversed in the meridional direction and the sagittal direction as described above.
- the second reflecting surface not only the viewing angle becomes shallower by ⁇ , but also the incident lengths in the meridional direction and the sagittal direction change due to the deviation of the focusing position of the first reflecting surface.
- the emission lengths L 2m and L 2s of the entire mirror show responses such as the following equations (71) and (72) to the viewing angle error ⁇ .
- the emission length L 2 A of the first reflecting surface derived from each of the conditions that the light source line, the virtual condensing line, and the intersections of the condensing line and the optical axes z1, z2, and z3 are located in the same linear shape for each of the condensing lines.
- the optimum values of were compared.
- the calculation conditions are shown in Table 1.
- the results are shown in FIG. This is a graph obtained by calculating and plotting the optimum value of L 2 A while changing the emission length L 2 of the entire reflecting surface. The results derived from both conditions were roughly equal.
- a mirror was designed under the condition of a predetermined emission length L2 , and the response to the viewing angle error was confirmed.
- the emission length L 2 250 mm
- the value of L 2 A calculated under the condition that the partial differential coefficient is 0 is 590.333 mm
- that of the Wolter type I mirror is 507.590 mm.
- Mirrors were designed using this condition and ray tracing was used in the calculations.
- the light rays were uniformly emitted from the light source line over the entire effective region of the first reflecting surface, and the dispersion of the light rays on the design condensing surface was obtained by calculating the RMS blur radius.
- the results are shown in FIG. In the range of ⁇ 1 mrad, it is clear that the mirror that adopts the value of L 2A calculated by the Wolter type I mirror suppresses the increase in the focusing size due to the viewing angle error and is a better design. became.
- the results of calculating and comparing the response of the focused size and position to the installation angle error of the single-reflection non-point aberration control mirror (Comparative Example 1) based on light ray tracing will be described.
- the astigmatism control mirrors of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 have an incident length of 20 m in the vertical (meridional) direction and 5 m in the horizontal (sagittal) direction.
- the incident length of Example 2 (Wolter type I mirror) was set to 10 m both vertically and horizontally.
- the condensing points of the mirrors of Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were fixed at a position 250 mm from the mirror reference position, and the angle between the incident beam optical axis and the emitted beam optical axis was fixed at 40 mrad. ..
- Example 1 The installation angle response of Example 1 is almost the same as the response of Example 2 (Wolter type I mirror), and in particular, the suppression of the increase in the focusing size with respect to the pitch angle error and the yaw angle error is much higher than that of Comparative Example 1. It turns out to be excellent. It can be seen that in the Sub- ⁇ m condensing according to the first embodiment, there is an allowable range of 100 ⁇ rad or more for various installation angle errors.
- Example 3 (Verification of a mirror that makes the beam intensity circular 1)
- Table 5 shows the conditions of the light source (conditions of illumination). It is assumed that the light source size has a ratio of 5 times in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In order to make the focused beam circular, the magnification of the reflection mirror must be given the inverse ratio of vertical and horizontal.
- Table 6 shows the design conditions of Example 3.
- the mirror of the third embodiment is designed to reflect the light from the light source located at the position 5 m from the mirror origin in the horizontal direction and collect the light at the condensing point located at the position 0.5 m.
- the longitudinal direction is responsible for horizontal condensing, and the short direction is responsible for vertical condensing.
- the astigmatism additionally given to the beam by the first reflecting surface (mirror A) is eliminated by the second reflecting surface (mirror B).
- the mirror shape (height distribution) of Example 3 is shown in FIG.
- the first reflective surface (mirror A) on the upstream side has a profile that is convex in the longitudinal direction and concave in the lateral direction.
- the second reflective surface (mirror B) on the downstream side has a profile that is concave in the longitudinal direction and convex in the lateral direction.
- the result of outputting the distribution of light rays at the condensing point by the light ray tracing calculation is shown in FIG.
- the focusing size in the vertical direction is 0.506 ⁇ m ( ⁇ ) and that in the horizontal direction is 0.490 ⁇ m ( ⁇ ), confirming that the beam is generally circular.
- Example 4 (Verification of a mirror that makes the beam intensity circular 2)
- a mirror that circularizes the beam at the divergence position that is, a mirror that spreads the beam from one point both vertically and horizontally, focuses it again at one point after two reflections, and further rounds the beam at the downstream divergence position (implementation).
- Example 4 will be described.
- Table 7 shows the conditions of the light source (illumination conditions). It is assumed that the divergence angle has twice the ratio in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In order to make the divergence angle of the focused beam circular, the magnification of the reflection mirror must be given the same ratio vertically and horizontally.
- the design conditions of Example 4 are shown in Table 8.
- the mirror of the fourth embodiment is designed to reflect the light from the light source located at the position 5 m from the mirror origin in the horizontal direction and collect the light at the condensing point located at the position 0.5 m.
- the longitudinal direction is responsible for horizontal condensing, and the short direction is responsible for vertical condensing.
- the astigmatism additionally given to the beam by the first reflecting surface (mirror A) is eliminated by the second reflecting surface (mirror B).
- FIG. 25 shows the mirror shape (height distribution) of Example 4.
- the first reflective surface (mirror A) on the upstream side has a profile that is convex in the longitudinal direction and concave in the lateral direction.
- the second reflective surface (mirror B) on the downstream side has a concave profile in the longitudinal direction and a concave profile in the lateral direction.
- the result of outputting the distribution of light rays at the focusing point by the ray tracing calculation is shown in FIG. 26 (a), and the result of outputting the distribution of light rays at a position 10 m downstream from the focusing point.
- the light collection size is 1 nm or less both vertically and horizontally, and it can be confirmed that the light from a light source having no size is focused on one point.
- the variation of the light beam at the position 10 m downstream is 10.201 mm ( ⁇ ) in the vertical direction and 10.198 mm ( ⁇ ) in the horizontal direction, and it can be seen that the beam at the divergent position is generally circularized.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 順次光が反射される第1反射面および第2反射面を有するミラーの設計方法であって、第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸をz1軸、これに直交する断面をx1y1平面とし、第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、前記第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz2軸、これに直交する断面をx2y2平面とし、前記第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz3軸、これに直交する断面をx3y3平面とし、x1軸、x2およびx3軸を、第1反射面および第2反射面のサジタル方向と平行であるとし、第1反面面への入射ビームが、z1軸上のz1軸とz2軸との第1反射面上の交点M0 Aからz1軸方向に沿ってL1s A変位した位置に、サジタル方向の集光についての光源をもち、かつ前記z1軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz1軸方向に沿ってL1m A変位した位置に、メリディオナル方向の集光についての光源をもち、第2反射面の出射ビームが、サジタル方向の集光についてz3軸上のz2軸とz3軸との第2反射面上の交点M0 Bからz3軸方向に沿ってL2s B変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z3軸上の前記交点M0 Bからz3軸方向に沿ってL2m B変位した位置に集光し、第1反射面を経由するすべての入射光線が、前記サジタル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りx1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル光源線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りy1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル光源線を通過し、第2反射面から放たれるすべての出射光線が、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx3軸とz3軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y3軸とz3軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル集光線を通過するとし、さらに、第1反射面の出射ビームが、第2反射面で反射せずに直進すると仮想したとき、サジタル方向の集光についてz2軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz2軸方向に沿ってL2s A変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz2軸方向に沿ってL2m A変位した位置に集光し、第1反射面の出射光線は、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル仮想集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル仮想集光線を通過するとし、第2反射面を経由するすべての入射光線は、その延長線上において、前記第1反射面にとってのサジタル方向の集光における前記サジタル仮想集光線をサジタル仮想光源線とし、且つ前記第1反射面にとってのメリディオナル方向の集光における前記メリディオナル仮想集光線をメリディオナル仮想光源線として、これら両光源線と交わるものとし、第1反射面上の任意の点をMAとして、サジタル光源線とMA点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル光源線とMA点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L1s A、L1m Aを用いて表わし、且つ、該MA点からの出射光線とサジタル仮想集光線との交点、及びMA点からの出射光線とメリディオナル仮想集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s A、L2m Aを用いて表わし、第2反射面上の任意の点をMBとして、サジタル仮想光源線とMB点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル仮想光源線とMB点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s A、L2m A、及びM0 AM0 B間の距離Lを用いて表わし、且つ、MB点からの出射光線とサジタル集光線との交点、及びMB点からの出射光線とメリディオナル集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s B、L2m Bを用いて表わし、これら座標、第1反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して光源位置から仮想集光位置までの光路長が一定であること、及び、第2反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して仮想光源位置から集光位置までの光路長が一定であることに基づき導かれる、反射面の設計式を用いてミラーを設計することを特徴とする、ミラーの設計方法。
これにより前記第1反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光について光路長を算出する。
z2軸とz3軸の第2反射面上の交点M0 Bを含み、該反射面に接する面をuBvB平面とし、uBvB平面の前記M0 Bを通る法線の方向をwB軸とし、vB軸をz2軸およびz3軸の双方に直交する方向、uB軸をvB軸およびwB軸の双方に直交する方向とし、交点M0 Bを原点、uBvB平面と光軸z2との成す斜入射角をθ0 Bとした、第2反射面を基準とした直交座標系uBvBwBを定義し、前記uAvAwA座標系およびuBvBwB座標系を、それぞれ前記第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸を基準としたx1y1z1座標系、第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx2y2z2座標系、および第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx3y3z3座標系に変換し、前記設計式を前記uAvAwA座標系およびuBvBwB座標系で表し、これを更にuvw座標系で表してなる、(4)記載のミラーの設計方法。
図1は、本発明にかかる設計方法で設計されるミラーの概念図である。符号Aは第1反射面(ミラーAとも呼ぶ)、符号Bは第2反射面(ミラーBとも呼ぶ)を示している。図2(a)、(b)、(c)に示すように、第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸をz1軸、これに直交する断面をx1y1平面とし、第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、前記第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz2軸、これに直交する断面をx2y2平面とし、前記第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz3軸、これに直交する断面をx3y3平面とし、x1軸、x2およびx3軸を、第1反射面および第2反射面のサジタル方向と平行であるとする。
以上のように「光源線」及び「集光線」を定義することで、ミラーの反射面の任意の点について、その点を通る入射光線及び出射光線を定義することができる。すなわち、図5(a)に示すように、第1反射面上の任意の点をMAとして、サジタル光源線(Ss)とMA点への入射光線との交点(Ps)、及びメリディオナル光源線(Sm)とMA点への入射光線との交点(Pm)の各座標を、前記L1s A、L1m Aを用いて表わし、同様に、MA点からの出射光線とサジタル仮想集光線(Fs A)との交点(Qs A)、及びMA点からの出射光線とメリディオナル仮想集光線(Fs A)との交点(Qm A)の各座標を、前記L2s A、L2m Aを用いて表わすことができる。
通常の光源点と集光点が定義できる場合のFermatの原理を考える。光源点近傍の等位相面は光源点を中心とした球面であり、集光点近傍の等位相面は集光点を中心とした球面である。光線は常に等位相面に対して直交することを念頭に置くと、光路長一定の法則とは、光源点近傍の特定の等位相面上の任意の点と、それに対応する集光点近傍の特定の等位相面上の点を結ぶ光線の光学距離が一定であることと言い換えられる。本発明のような入射ビームに非点収差が含まれる場合にも、等位相面を考慮した補償を行うことで、より正確な設計式を導くことができる。
まず、第1反射面の入射側について、サジタル光源線Ss上の上記した交点Psに対応する近傍の等位相面を考える。サジタル光源線Ssでは、メリディオナル光源線Smに向けて収束する波面が観察されるはずである。このような仮定のもとサジタル光源線Ss上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが、ここではSmとz1軸との交点をPm0とおき、Ss上にはPm0からの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するもの、すなわち、ミラー(反射面)に入射する前のビームは、y1軸方向にはメリディオナル光源線Smに集約する波面を持つとする。この考えに基づき、図7に示すように、メリディオナル光源線Smとz1軸との交点Pm0を中心とし且つサジタル光源線Ssとz1軸との交点Ps0を通ってx1軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧B1sを、サジタル光源線Ssを軸に回転させることで構成される回転円弧面を等位相面A1sとする。サジタル方向の集光についての光源位置からMA点までの入射長は、入射光線と該等位相面A1sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル光源線Smに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離として求めることがより正確である。
出射側についても、入射側と同様、サジタル仮想集光線Fs A上の上記交点Qs Aに対応する近傍の等位相面、およびメリディオナル仮想集光線Fm A上の上記交点Qm Aに対応する近傍の等位相面をそれぞれ考える。サジタル仮想集光線Fs Aでは、メリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aから発散する波面が仮想的に観察されるはずである。このような仮定のもとFs A上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが、ここではFm Aと出射光軸z2の交点をQm0 Aとおき,Fs A上にはQm0 Aからの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。また、メリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aでは、サジタル仮想集光線Fs Aに向けて収束する波面が仮想的に観察されるはずである.このような仮定のもとFm A上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが,ここではFs Aと出射光軸z2の交点をQs0 Aとおき、Fm A上にはQs0 Aからの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。
第2反射面の入射側についても、第1反射面の入射側と同様、サジタル仮想光源線Ss B上の上記交点Ps Bに対応する近傍の等位相面、およびメリディオナル仮想光源線Sm B上の上記交点Pm Bに対応する近傍の等位相面をそれぞれ考える。サジタル仮想光源線Ss Bでは、メリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bから発散する波面が仮想的に観察されるはずである。このような仮定のもとSs B上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが、ここではSm Bと入射光軸z2の交点をPm0 Bとおき,Ss B上にはPm0 Bからの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。また、メリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bでは、サジタル仮想光源線Ss Bに向けて収束する波面が仮想的に観察されるはずである.このような仮定のもとSm B上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが,ここではSs Bと入射光軸z2の交点をPs0 Bとおき、Sm B上にはPs0 Bからの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。
出射側についても、入射側と同様、サジタル集光線Fs上の上記交点Qsに対応する近傍の等位相面、およびメリディオナル集光線Fm上の上記交点Qmに対応する近傍の等位相面をそれぞれ考える。サジタル集光線Fsでは、メリディオナル集光線Fmから発散する波面が観察されるはずである。このような仮定のもとFs上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが、ここではFmと出射光軸z3の交点をQm0とおき,Fs上にはQm0からの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。また、メリディオナル集光線Fmでは、サジタル集光線Fsに向けて収束する波面が観察されるはずである.このような仮定のもとFm上の位相を定義することは厳密にはできないが,ここではFsと出射光軸z3の交点をQs0とおき、Fm上にはQs0からの距離に応じた位相分布が存在するものとみなす。
このようにして求めた各入射長及び出射長を用いて、第1反射面および第2反射面の各反射面について、サジタル方向、メリディオナル方向の各方向の集光についての光路長の計算を行う。
すなわち、第1反射面の設計式は、サジタル方向の集光について光源点から仮想の集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第1の式(サジタル方向集光条件の式)であるfs A(uA,vA,wA)=0(式(33))と、メリディオナル方向の集光について光源点から仮想の集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第2の式(メリディオナル方向集光条件の式)であるfm A(uA,vA,wA)=0(式(34))とを、αA、βAを用いて、下記(式(37))のように重みづけした式fA(uA,vA,wA)=0である。αAは、メリディオナル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数、βAは、サジタル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数である。0≦αA≦1、βA=1-αAである。
同様に、第2反射面の設計式は、サジタル方向の集光について仮想の光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第1の式(サジタル方向集光条件の式)であるfs B(uB,vB,wB)=0(式(35))と、メリディオナル方向の集光について仮想の光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第2の式(メリディオナル方向集光条件の式)であるfm B(uB,vB,wB)=0(式(36))とを、αB、βBを用いて、下記(式(42))のように重みづけした式fB(uB,vB,wB)=0である。αBは、メリディオナル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数、βBは、サジタル方向の集光に対する重みづけ係数である。0≦αB≦1、βB=1-αBである。
以上のとおり、uAvAwA座標系で表された第1反射面の設計式と、uBvBwB座標系で表された第2反射面の設計式を、それぞれ共通のuvw座標系で表す。すなわち本発明のミラーの各反射面を、図9に示すように共通の座標系(u、v、w)で表現する。
式(58)、式(60)の条件設定において、L1s AとL1m Aの値を異なる値に設定し、且つL2s BとL2m Bの値を一致する値(同じ値)に設定することで、第1反射面および第2反射面で2回反射することにより非点収差をもつ入射ビームから一点に集光する出射ビームが得られる非点収差制御ミラーを設計することができる。逆に、L1s AとL1m Aの値を一致する値に設定し、且つL2s BとL2m Bの値を異なる値に設定することで、一点から発散する入射ビームから非点収差をもつ出射ビームが得られる非点収差制御ミラーを設計することができる。また、L1m AとL2m AとL2m Bの値を正または負の無限大に設定し、且つL1s AとL2s AとL2s Bが所定値(但し、L1s A+L2s A≠0、L1s B+L2s B≠0)に設定することで、サジタル方向のみ集光性能を有する非点収差制御ミラーを設計することもできる。
本発明においてサジタル方向の集光,メリディオナル方向の集光それぞれについて,光源線,仮想集光線,集光線と光軸z1、z2、z3の各交点が同一直線状に存在するように設定したミラー(「設置角度許容範囲拡大ミラー」と称す。)が、角度誤差(視射角誤差・面内回転誤差,軸周り回転)の影響を抑制でき、設置角度許容範囲を拡大するミラーとして有効であることを示す。
次に、集光位置においてビームを円形化するミラー(実施例3)を説明する。光源の条件(照明の条件)を表5に示す。光源サイズには鉛直方向と水平方向で5倍の比が存在するとする。集光ビームを円形化するためには、反射ミラーの倍率に鉛直と水平でその逆比を与えなければならない。実施例3の設計条件を表6に示す。
次に、発散位置においてビームを円形化するミラー、すなわち鉛直・水平ともに一点から広がるビームを二回の反射を経て再度一点に集光し、さらに下流の発散位置においてビームを円形化するミラー(実施例4)を説明する。光源の条件(照明の条件)を表7に示す。発散角には鉛直方向と水平方向で2倍の比が存在するとする。集光ビームの発散角を円形化するためには、反射ミラーの倍率に鉛直と水平で同じ比を与えなければならない。実施例4の設計条件を表8に示す。
B 第2反射面
Claims (13)
- 順次光が反射される第1反射面および第2反射面を有するミラーの設計方法であって、
第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸をz1軸、これに直交する断面をx1y1平面とし、
第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、前記第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz2軸、これに直交する断面をx2y2平面とし、
前記第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸をz3軸、これに直交する断面をx3y3平面とし、
x1軸、x2およびx3軸を、第1反射面および第2反射面のサジタル方向と平行であるとし、
第1反面面への入射ビームが、z1軸上のz1軸とz2軸との第1反射面上の交点M0 Aからz1軸方向に沿ってL1s A変位した位置に、サジタル方向の集光についての光源をもち、かつ前記z1軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz1軸方向に沿ってL1m A変位した位置に、メリディオナル方向の集光についての光源をもち、
第2反射面の出射ビームが、サジタル方向の集光についてz3軸上のz2軸とz3軸との第2反射面上の交点M0 Bからz3軸方向に沿ってL2s B変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z3軸上の前記交点M0 Bからz3軸方向に沿ってL2m B変位した位置に集光し、
第1反射面を経由するすべての入射光線が、前記サジタル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りx1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル光源線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記光源の位置を通りy1軸とz1軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル光源線を通過し、
第2反射面から放たれるすべての出射光線が、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx3軸とz3軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y3軸とz3軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル集光線を通過するとし、
さらに、第1反射面の出射ビームが、第2反射面で反射せずに直進すると仮想したとき、サジタル方向の集光についてz2軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz2軸方向に沿ってL2s A変位した位置に集光し、かつメリディオナル方向の集光について前記z2軸上の前記交点M0 Aからz2軸方向に沿ってL2m A変位した位置に集光し、
第1反射面の出射光線は、サジタル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通りx2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるサジタル仮想集光線、及びメリディオナル方向の集光における前記集光する位置を通り該y2軸とz2軸の双方に直交する方向に延びるメリディオナル仮想集光線を通過するとし、
第2反射面を経由するすべての入射光線は、その延長線上において、前記第1反射面にとってのサジタル方向の集光における前記サジタル仮想集光線をサジタル仮想光源線とし、且つ前記第1反射面にとってのメリディオナル方向の集光における前記メリディオナル仮想集光線をメリディオナル仮想光源線として、これら両光源線と交わるものとし、
第1反射面上の任意の点をMAとして、サジタル光源線とMA点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル光源線とMA点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L1s A、L1m Aを用いて表わし、且つ、該MA点からの出射光線とサジタル仮想集光線との交点、及びMA点からの出射光線とメリディオナル仮想集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s A、L2m Aを用いて表わし、
第2反射面上の任意の点をMBとして、サジタル仮想光源線とMB点への入射光線との交点、及びメリディオナル仮想光源線とMB点への入射光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s A、L2m A、及びM0 AM0 B間の距離Lを用いて表わし、且つ、MB点からの出射光線とサジタル集光線との交点、及びMB点からの出射光線とメリディオナル集光線との交点の各座標を、前記L2s B、L2m Bを用いて表わし、
これら座標、第1反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して光源位置から仮想集光位置までの光路長が一定であること、及び、第2反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光及びメリディオナル方向の集光についてそれぞれ反射面上の任意の点に関して仮想光源位置から集光位置までの光路長が一定であることに基づき導かれる、反射面の設計式を用いてミラーを設計することを特徴とする、ミラーの設計方法。
- 前記サジタル光源線、前記メリディオナル光源線を、それぞれy1軸方向に延びる直線Ss、x1軸方向に延びる直線Smとし、
前記サジタル仮想集光線、前記メリディオナル仮想集光線を、それぞれy2軸方向に延びる直線Fs A、x2軸方向に延びる直線Fm Aとし、
前記サジタル仮想光源線、前記メリディオナル仮想光源線を、それぞれ前記直線Fs Aに一致する直線Ss B、前記直線Fm Aに一致する直線Sm Bとし、
前記サジタル集光線、前記メリディオナル集光線を、それぞれy3軸方向に延びる直線Fs、x3軸方向に延びる直線Fmとし、
下記(i)~(iv)により、前記第1反射面又は第2反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光又はサジタル方向の集光についてそれぞれ前記光路長を算出してなる、請求項1記載のミラーの設計方法。
(i) 第1反射面におけるサジタル方向集光の光路長の算出:
前記第1反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光についての光源位置からMA点までの入射長は、前記メリディオナル光源線Smとz1軸との交点Pm0を中心とし且つサジタル光源線Ssとz1軸との交点Ps0を通ってx1軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル光源線Ssを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1sとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル光源線Smに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離として求め、
前記第1反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光についてのMA点から前記仮想集光位置までの出射長は、前記メリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aとz2軸との交点Qm0 Aを中心とし且つサジタル仮想集光線Fs Aとz2軸との交点Qs0 Aを通ってx2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル仮想集光線Fs Aを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2s Aとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2s Aとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離として求め、
これにより第1反射面における前記サジタル方向の集光について光路長を算出する。
(ii) 第1反射面におけるメリディオナル方向集光の光路長の算出:
前記第1反射面におけるメリディオナル方向の集光についての光源位置からMA点までの入射長は、前記サジタル光源線Ssとz1軸との交点Ps0を中心とし且つメリディオナル光源線Smとz1軸との交点Pm0を通ってy1軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル光源線Smを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1mとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル光源線Ssに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離として求め、
前記第1反射面におけるメリディオナル方向の集光についてのMA点から前記仮想集光位置までの出射長は、前記サジタル仮想集光線Fs Aとz2軸との交点Qs0 Aを中心とし且つメリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aとz2軸との交点Qm0 Aを通ってy2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2m Aとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2m Aとの2つの交点のうちサジタル仮想集光線Fs Aに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離として求め、
これにより前記第1反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光について光路長を算出する。
(iii) 第2反射面におけるサジタル方向集光の光路長の算出:
前記第2反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光についての前記仮想光源位置からMB点までの入射長は、前記メリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bとz2軸との交点Pm0 Bを中心とし且つサジタル仮想光源線Ss Bとz2軸との交点Ps0 Bを通ってx2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル仮想光源線Ss Bを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1s Bとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1s Bとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離として求め、
前記第2反射面におけるサジタル方向の集光についてのMB点から前記集光位置までの出射長は、前記メリディオナル集光線Fmとz3軸との交点Qm0を中心とし且つサジタル集光線Fsとz3軸との交点Qs0を通ってx3軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、サジタル集光線Fsを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2sとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル集光線Fmに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離として求め、
これにより第2反射面における前記サジタル方向の集光について光路長を算出する。
(iv) 第2反射面におけるメリディオナル方向集光の光路長の算出:
前記第2反射面におけるメリディオナル方向の集光についての前記仮想光源位置からMB点までの入射長は、前記サジタル仮想光源線Ss Bとz2軸との交点Ps0 Bを中心とし且つメリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bとz2軸との交点Pm0 Bを通ってy2軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A1m Bとして、前記入射光線と該等位相面A1m Bとの2つの交点のうちサジタル仮想光源線Ss Bに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離として求め、
前記第2反射面におけるメリディオナル方向の集光についてのMB点から前記集光位置までの出射長は、前記サジタル集光線Fsとz3軸との交点Qs0を中心とし且つメリディオナル集光線Fmとz3軸との交点Qm0を通ってy3軸に直交する方向に延びる円弧を、メリディオナル集光線Fmを軸に回転させた回転円弧面を等位相面A2mとして、前記出射光線と該等位相面A2mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル集光線Fsに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離として求め、
これにより前記第2反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光について光路長を算出する。
- 前記(i)(第1反射面のサジタル方向集光)の光路長の算出につき、
前記第1反射面における前記入射光線と等位相面A1sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル光源線Smに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記サジタル光源線Ssとの交点Psから前記MA点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Psから前記等位相面A1sを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記第1反射面における前記出射光線と等位相面A2s Aとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記サジタル仮想集光線Fs Aとの交点Qs Aから前記MA点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qs Aから前記等位相面A2s Aを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記(ii)(第1反射面のメリディオナル方向集光)の光路長の算出につき、
前記第1反射面における前記入射光線と該等位相面A1mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル光源線Ssに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記メリディオナル光源線Smとの交点Pmから前記MA点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Pmから前記等位相面A1mを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記第1反射面における前記出射光線と該等位相面A2m Aとの2つの交点のうちサジタル仮想集光線Fs Aに近い側の交点からMA点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記メリディオナル仮想集光線Fm Aとの交点Qm Aから前記MA点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qm Aから前記等位相面A2m Aを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記(iii)(第2反射面のサジタル方向集光)の光路長の算出につき、
前記第2反射面における前記入射光線と該等位相面A1s Bとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記サジタル仮想光源線Ss Bとの交点Ps Bから前記MB点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Ps Bから前記等位相面A1s Bを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記第2反射面における前記出射光線と該等位相面A2sとの2つの交点のうちメリディオナル集光線Fmに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記サジタル集光線Fsとの交点Qsから前記MB点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qsから前記等位相面A2sを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記(iv)(第2反射面のメリディオナル方向集光)の光路長の算出につき、
前記第2反射面における前記入射光線と該等位相面A1m Bとの2つの交点のうちサジタル仮想光源線Ss Bに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離は、前記入射光線と前記メリディオナル仮想光源線Sm Bとの交点Pm Bから前記MB点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Pm Bから前記等位相面A1m Bを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求め、
前記第2反射面における前記出射光線と該等位相面A2mとの2つの交点のうちサジタル集光線Fsに近い側の交点からMB点までの距離は、前記出射光線と前記メリディオナル集光線Fmとの交点Qmから前記MB点までの距離を求めるとともに、該距離に、前記交点Qmから前記等位相面A2mを定義している前記円弧までの距離を加算又は減算して求める、
請求項2記載のミラーの設計方法。
- z1軸とz3軸の交点を原点とし、
z2軸に平行な方向をu軸とし、
x1軸、x2軸およびx3軸に平行な方向をv軸とし、
u軸およびv軸の双方に直交する方向をw軸とした直交座標系uvwを定義し、
前記uvw系座標を、前記第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸を基準としたx1y1z1座標系、第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx2y2z2座標系、および第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx3y3z3座標系にそれぞれ変換し、
前記設計式をuvw座標系で表してなる、
請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のミラーの設計方法。
- z1軸とz2軸の第1反射面上の交点M0 Aを含み、該反射面に接する面をuAvA平面とし、uAvA平面の前記M0 Aを通る法線の方向をwA軸とし、vA軸をz1軸およびz2軸の双方に直交する方向、uA軸をvA軸およびwA軸の双方に直交する方向とし、交点M0 Aを原点、uAvA平面と光軸z1との成す斜入射角をθ0 Aとした、第1反射面を基準とした直交座標系uAvAwAを定義し、
z2軸とz3軸の第2反射面上の交点M0 Bを含み、該反射面に接する面をuBvB平面とし、uBvB平面の前記M0 Bを通る法線の方向をwB軸とし、vB軸をz2軸およびz3軸の双方に直交する方向、uB軸をvB軸およびwB軸の双方に直交する方向とし、交点M0 Bを原点、uBvB平面と光軸z2との成す斜入射角をθ0 Bとした、第2反射面を基準とした直交座標系uBvBwBを定義し、
前記uAvAwA座標系およびuBvBwB座標系を、それぞれ前記第1反射面への入射ビームの光軸を基準としたx1y1z1座標系、第2反射面への入射ビームとなる、第1反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx2y2z2座標系、および第2反射面の出射ビームの光軸を基準としたx3y3z3座標系に変換し、
前記設計式を前記uAvAwA座標系およびuBvBwB座標系で表し、
これを更にuvw座標系で表してなる、
請求項4記載のミラーの設計方法。
- 前記設計式が、
前記第1反射面における前記サジタル方向の集光について光源点から仮想集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第1の式fs A(uA,vA,wA)=0と、前記第1反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光について光源点から仮想集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第2の式fm A(uA,vA,wA)=0とを重みづけした、下記式(1)と、
前記第2反射面における前記サジタル方向の集光について仮想光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第3の式fs B(uB,vB,wB)=0と、前記第2反射面における前記メリディオナル方向の集光について仮想光源点から集光点までの光路長が一定であることから導かれる第4の式fm B(uB,vB,wB)=0とを重みづけした、下記式(2)とからなる、請求項5記載のミラーの設計方法。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1s AとL1m Aの値が異なり、且つ前記L2s BとL2m Bの値が一致しており、
非点収差をもつ入射ビームから一点に集光する出射ビームが得られる、非点収差制御ミラー。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1s AとL1m Aの値が一致し、且つ前記L2s BとL2m Bの値が異なっており、
一点から発散する入射ビームから非点収差をもつ出射ビームが得られる、非点収差制御ミラー。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1s AとL1m Aの値が一致し、
前記L2s AとL2m Aの値が異なっており、
且つ、前記L2s BとL2m Bの値が一致しており、
一点から発散する入射ビームに第1反射面で非点収差を与えるとともに、第2反射面で該非点収差を解消し、鉛直方向と水平方向とで異なる縮小倍率を与える、非点収差制御ミラー。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
前記L1m AとL2m AとL2m Bの値が正または負の無限大であり、且つ前記L1s AとL2s AとL2s Bが所定値(但し、L1s A+L2s A≠0かつ(L-L2s A)+L2s B≠0)をもち、
サジタル方向のみ集光性能を有する、非点収差制御ミラー。
- 請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の前記設計式が成り立つ反射面を有するミラーであって、
サジタル方向集光について、光源線Ssとz1軸の交点Ps0、仮想集光線Fs Aとz2軸の交点Qs0 A、集光線Fsとz3軸の交点Qs0の三点が同一直線上に存在すると同時に、メリディオナル方向集光について、光源線Smとz1軸の交点Pm0,仮想集光線Fm Aとz2軸の交点Qm0 A,集光線Fmとz3軸の交点Qm0の三点が同一直線上に存在するように,L2s A及びL2m Aを設定することにより、設置角度許容範囲を拡大する、非点収差制御ミラー。
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EP22739386.5A EP4266107A1 (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2022-01-11 | Design method for mirror and astigmatism-control mirror having reflective surface that satisfies design formula in design method |
CN202280009767.3A CN116724254A (zh) | 2021-01-12 | 2022-01-11 | 反射镜的设计方法和具备该设计方法中的设计式成立的反射面的像散控制反射镜 |
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WO2015004934A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 回転体ミラーを用いたx線集光システムの光学設計方法及びx線集光システム |
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