WO2022153539A1 - デマンド制御システム - Google Patents
デマンド制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022153539A1 WO2022153539A1 PCT/JP2021/001495 JP2021001495W WO2022153539A1 WO 2022153539 A1 WO2022153539 A1 WO 2022153539A1 JP 2021001495 W JP2021001495 W JP 2021001495W WO 2022153539 A1 WO2022153539 A1 WO 2022153539A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- environmental information
- control command
- control system
- demand
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
- H01F7/0252—PM holding devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/50—Air quality properties
- F24F2110/65—Concentration of specific substances or contaminants
- F24F2110/70—Carbon dioxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a demand control system, and more particularly to a demand control system capable of monitoring the amount of power used in a building and adjusting the demand power.
- the basic electricity rate is usually set based on the required electricity (also called demand electricity).
- the power demand means the average power consumption per unit time period (usually set to 30 minutes), the power consumption is integrated from the start of the unit time, and the integrated power amount at the end of the unit time is the unit. Calculated by dividing by the time limit.
- the basic electricity charge for electricity consumers is calculated based on the power demand that maximizes the power consumption of electricity consumers throughout the year. Since the basic charge can be reduced by keeping the maximum demand power low, various monitoring systems or control systems for monitoring the demand power have been developed.
- Patent Document 1 as a demand control system, equipment related to power demand is controlled, power demand is calculated from the amount of power used, and the operation of the equipment so as not to exceed the target value. It is disclosed that the power consumption is reduced or the power consumption is reduced.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a demand control system that simplifies wiring work and can be introduced at a lower cost.
- the subject is a power measuring device that measures the electric energy of a load device and transmits the measured value of the electric energy, and a demand power from the measured value received from the power measuring device. Is calculated, it is determined whether or not the predicted value exceeds the target value, and when it is determined that the predicted value exceeds the target value, a monitoring device that transmits a control command and a monitoring device connected to the load device are connected to the monitoring.
- a demand control system including an operation device that receives the control command from the device and operates the load device in response to the control command. The control command is transmitted and received by wireless communication, and the operation device is provided.
- the control circuit receives a wireless communication unit that receives the control command from the monitoring device by wireless communication, and the received control command.
- the power supply circuit includes a data storage unit for storing, a control unit for processing the control command, and a contact unit for operating the load device according to the instruction of the control unit, and the power supply circuit includes a solar cell panel and a secondary battery. And a charging unit for charging the secondary battery with a part of the generated electric energy of the solar cell panel, and the power supply circuit supplies the generated electric energy of the solar cell panel to the control circuit and has a surplus.
- the electric power required for operating the operating device can be supplied from the solar cell or the secondary battery.
- the operating device can receive the monitoring device and the control command via the wireless communication device. Wiring work for supplying power to the operating device and transmitting information can be simplified, and a demand control system can be introduced at a lower cost.
- the operating device includes a primary battery, the power supply circuit cannot supply generated power from the solar cell panel, and the secondary battery has run out. In this case, it is preferable to supply power from the primary battery to the control circuit.
- the control circuit for example, even if the solar cell cannot supply power due to continuous rain and the secondary battery runs out, it is possible to switch to the primary battery and supply power to the control circuit, and the operation device can be operated for a longer period of time. Can be made to.
- the operating device has a magnet on the outer surface and is attached to the load device by the magnet.
- the operating device can be attached to the load device more easily than, for example, when the operating device is screwed to the load device.
- the operating device can be arranged at an appropriate position for the solar cell panel of the operating device to receive light.
- the environment information measuring device which measures the environmental information of the room in which the load device is provided and transmits the measured environmental information to the monitoring device.
- the monitoring device determines that the predicted value exceeds the target value, the monitoring device may transmit a control command based on the environmental information received from the environmental information measuring device.
- the environmental information measuring device has a temperature sensor for measuring temperature and a humidity sensor for measuring humidity, and the environmental information includes the temperature sensor and the humidity. It is preferable to include the temperature and humidity information acquired by the sensor.
- the demand control system can control the load device based on the temperature and humidity in the room.
- the environmental information measuring device has an illuminance sensor for measuring illuminance or a carbon dioxide sensor for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide
- the environmental information is the illuminance sensor. It may include information on the illuminance measured by the sensor or the concentration of carbon dioxide measured by the carbon dioxide sensor.
- the monitoring device can issue a control command based on the determination of whether or not the person exists. For example, if the illuminance in the room is below the specified value (off state), or if the concentration of carbon dioxide is below the specified value, it is judged that there are no people in the room (absence), and the load equipment is operated. Stop. If it is determined that there are people in the room, the load equipment is adjusted (for example, in the case of an air conditioner, the drive capacity of the outdoor unit is reduced) to reduce power consumption.
- the environmental information measuring device has a beacon receiver for receiving a beacon signal, and the environmental information is information on the beacon signal received by the beacon receiver. May be included.
- the wiring work for supplying electric power to the operating device and transmitting / receiving information can be simplified, and the demand control system can be introduced at a lower cost.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the entire demand control system 1 provided in the building B.
- the demand control system 1 includes an air conditioner 3 (load device) that adjusts temperature and humidity, a power measuring device 5 that measures the power amount of the entire building B including the air conditioner 3, and a monitoring device that monitors the power amount. It is composed of 10 and an operating device 20 that operates the air conditioner 3 by a control command from the monitoring device 10. Further, the room R on each floor is provided with an environmental information measuring device 30 for measuring temperature, humidity and the like.
- the power measuring device 5, the operating device 20, the environmental information measuring device 30, and the monitoring device 10 are connected by a wired or wireless network so that information can be transmitted and received.
- the monitoring device 10 is connected to an external network N such as the Internet, and can send and receive information to and from a remote administrator terminal 50.
- the air conditioner 3 as a load device in the present embodiment is composed of an indoor unit 3a and an outdoor unit 3b.
- the indoor unit 3a is installed inside each room R to adjust the temperature and humidity in the room.
- the outdoor unit 3b is connected to the indoor unit 3a through a refrigerant pipe and an electric wire, and is installed outdoors.
- the air conditioner 3 can change the power ON / OFF, the set temperature, the humidity, and the like by directly operating the indoor unit 3a. Further, the air conditioner 3 can adjust the power consumption by turning the power ON / OFF by the outdoor unit 3b. The amount of power used can also be adjusted by controlling the driving capacity of the outdoor unit 3b.
- the air conditioner 3 is used as the load device, but this is an example, and the load device may be a lighting device, a refrigerating device, or a refrigerating device.
- the electric power measuring device 5 can measure the electric energy of the entire building B.
- the power measuring device 5 is a power meter capable of digitally measuring the amount of power, which is called a smart meter, and is installed in the power receiving device 40.
- the power measuring device 5 is connected to the monitoring device 10 via a network, and transmits the measured value of the measured power consumption (electric power amount) to the monitoring device 10 as digital data.
- the network used to transmit the measurements may be wired or wireless.
- LPWA Low Power Wide Area wireless communication
- the LPWA system is an international communication technology that realizes long-distance communication while suppressing power consumption as much as possible, and is a UNB (ultra narrow band) communication network with a transmission capacity of 100 bytes or less per transmission.
- the LPWA method includes, for example, cellular LPWA, SIGFOX, or LoRaWAN. By adopting this communication method, it is possible to realize wireless communication of several kilometers.
- transmission may be performed using wireless communication by Wifi (registered trademark) or BlueTooth (registered trademark).
- the monitoring device 10 is a device that monitors the electric energy of the entire building B such as the air conditioner 3. When the predicted value of the required power calculated from the amount of power received from the power measuring device 5 is likely to exceed the target value, the monitoring device 10 issues a control command to the operating device 20 to reduce the operation of the air conditioner 3. I do.
- the basic charge for contracted electricity with an electric power company is determined by the largest value of the maximum power demand generated in the past year. More specifically, the power demand is the average value of the power consumed in 30 minutes (see the graph on the left in FIG. 3A). This demand power is summarized monthly, and the maximum value of the monthly power demand is the maximum demand power (demand) of the month (see the graph in the center of FIG. 3A).
- the contract power is determined based on the largest value of the maximum demand power generated in the past year (see the graph on the right in Fig. 3). Therefore, if a prominently high maximum demand power is recorded even for one month (for example, 1000 kW), the contract is made with the maximum demand power. Therefore, in other months when electricity is not used so much, a high basic charge will be paid.
- the power demand is controlled to cut the peak so that the maximum power demand does not rise temporarily, and the basic charge is lowered by leveling the maximum power demand throughout the year. We are reducing electricity charges.
- the monitoring device 10 calculates the demand power for each unit time period (30 minutes) from the electric energy, and when the predicted value of the demand power is likely to exceed the target value, a control command is given to the operation device 20. Is issued, the load equipment such as the air conditioner 3 is stopped, and the peak cut is executed. For example, the monitoring device 10 calculates the average power consumption (predicted value) when the air conditioner is used in the same manner after 15 minutes have passed. If the integrated power already used exceeds half of 1000 kW (target value), the predicted value may exceed the target value. The monitoring device 10 compares the predicted value with the target value and determines whether or not the predicted value exceeds the target value. When it is determined that the target value is exceeded, the monitoring device 10 transmits a control command for reducing the amount of power used to the operating device 20.
- the control command is a signal instructing the operating device 20 to reduce the power load of the air conditioner 3, for example, a command to stop the operation of the air conditioner 3.
- the control command is not limited to simply stopping the operation, but may be a command to reduce the driving ability of the outdoor unit 3b.
- the output of the compressor or the like of the outdoor unit 3b that sends out cold air or the like is forcibly reduced. By reducing the output, it takes longer than usual for the room temperature to reach the set temperature of the air conditioner 3, but the amount of power used is reduced.
- the monitoring device 10 monitors the amount of electric power used in the entire building B, and the presence of a person is detected in each room R by the environmental information measuring device 30 described later. ..
- the environmental information measuring device 30 issues a control command to stop the air conditioner 3 in the room when it is determined that a person is absent.
- the outdoor unit 3b connected to the indoor unit 3a in the room may be operated and a control command for lowering the driving ability thereof may be issued.
- the control command is set according to the season, the outside air temperature, the temperature or humidity of the room R, and the presence or absence of a person in the room.
- the monitoring device 10 is a communication device that transmits / receives information data to / from a CPU 11 as a data calculation / control processing device, a ROM / RAM 12 and an HDD 12A (or SSD) as a storage device, and other devices. It is a computer equipped with 13. Further, the monitoring device 10 has an input / output device 14 such as a keyboard and a monitor.
- the storage device of the monitoring device 10 in addition to the main program that functions as a computer, a program that calculates a predicted value of power demand and compares it with a target value is stored. In addition, the received electric energy, environmental information, and the like are recorded in the storage device. When the stored program is executed by the CPU, the function of the monitoring device 10 is exhibited.
- the monitoring device 10 includes a communication device 13 that communicates with another device via a wired or wireless network. Further, the monitoring device 10 includes a wireless communication device 13a for wirelessly transmitting and receiving data to and from the operating device 20.
- the wireless communication device 13a can communicate by the LPWA wireless communication method. Further, the monitoring device 10 can also communicate by wire with the communication device 13, and can be connected to the administrator terminal 50 via the Internet. Therefore, the system administrator operates the demand control system 1 from a remote location by changing the formula when the monitoring device 10 obtains the predicted value, the content of the control command transmitted to the operating device 20, and various parameters. It is possible.
- the operating device 20 is a device that controls the driving ability of the outdoor unit 3b.
- the operating device 20 is connected to the outdoor unit 3b of the air conditioner 3 by wire, and is wirelessly connected to the monitoring device 10.
- the operating device 20 operates the air conditioner 3 in response to a control command received from the monitoring device 10. For example, when a control command for stopping the air conditioner 3 is received from the monitoring device 10, the operating device 20 stops the air conditioner 3 by turning off the power of the outdoor unit 3b.
- the operating device 20 operates the outdoor unit 3b so as to lower the output of the compressor in the outdoor unit 3b, for example.
- the operation device 20 is a computer including a control circuit 21 and a power supply circuit 22 that supplies electric power to the control circuit 21.
- the control circuit 21 is a wireless communication device 213 that transmits and receives information data between the CPU 211 (control unit) as a data calculation / control processing device, the RAM / ROM 212 (data storage unit) as a storage device, and the monitoring device 10 and the like. (Wireless communication unit) and contact circuit 214 (contact unit) for operating the air conditioner 3 are provided.
- a program that processes a control command received from the monitoring device 10 is stored in addition to the main program that functions as a computer. When the stored program is executed by the CPU 211, the function of the operating device 20 is exhibited.
- the operating device 20 includes a wireless communication device 213 that communicates with the monitoring device 10 or the inspector's mobile terminal via the wireless network.
- the operation device 20 includes a wireless communication unit capable of communicating with the monitoring device 10 in an LPWA manner so as to transmit and receive information data.
- the wireless communication unit may be a wireless LAN module such as WiFi (registered trademark).
- the operation device 20 includes a Bluetooth (registered trademark) unit as a wireless communication device 213 in addition to the LPWA type wireless communication unit.
- the system administrator can connect a mobile terminal such as a smartphone and the operation device 20 by Bluetooth (registered trademark) to check or change the setting information of the operation device 20.
- Bluetooth registered trademark
- the contact circuit 214 of the operating device 20 is composed of four contacts, and the operating device 20 can operate the air conditioner 3 (more specifically, the outdoor unit 3b) by relay control based on the control command. ing.
- the number of contacts in the contact circuit is not limited to four, and may be increased or decreased as necessary.
- the power supply circuit 22 is a device that supplies power to the control circuit 21, that is, the CPU 211, the RAM / ROM 212, the wireless communication device 213, and the contact circuit 214, and is a solar battery panel 221 and a charging circuit 222 (charging unit). , A lithium ion secondary battery 223 (secondary battery), and a lithium primary battery 224 (primary battery).
- the solar cell panel 221 is a panel for generating electricity with sunlight. Further, the charging circuit 222 is a device that charges a part of the electric power generated by the solar cell panel 221 into the lithium ion secondary battery 223.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 223 is a storage battery, which can be used repeatedly by charging.
- the secondary battery used is not limited to the lithium ion secondary battery 223, and may be another secondary battery such as a lithium ion polymer secondary battery or a nickel / hydrogen storage battery.
- the power supply circuit 22 is composed of the solar cell panel 221 and the lithium ion secondary battery 223, it is possible to install the operating device 20 without performing electrical wiring work to supply power. ing.
- the power supply circuit 22 includes a lithium primary battery 224 as a backup power source.
- the power supply circuit supplies power from the lithium primary battery 224 to the control circuit 21.
- the lithium primary battery 224 is a chemical battery that can only discharge DC power and can be replaced.
- the primary battery may be a dry cell such as a manganese dry cell or an alkaline manganese dry cell. Even when the power from the lithium ion secondary battery 223 is insufficient, the power can be supplied to the control circuit 21 from the lithium primary battery 224, and the operating device 20 can be continuously operated for a longer period of time. ..
- FIGS. 4A and 4B The appearance of the operating device 20 is shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- FIG. 4A is a plan view of the operating device 20 as viewed from above
- FIG. 4B is a side view of the operating device 20 as viewed from the side.
- the operating device 20 has a housing 20a formed in a square pyramid, and inside the housing 20a, a control circuit 21, a charging circuit 222, a lithium ion secondary battery 223, and a lithium primary battery 224 are housed.
- a cable 25 for connecting to the air conditioner 3 extends from the side portion of the housing 20a.
- the solar cell panel 221 is arranged on the upper surface 20b of the housing 20a.
- a plate-shaped magnet 24 is provided on the bottom surface 20c of the housing 20a, and by using the magnet 24, it can be detachably attached to the housing of the outdoor unit 3b.
- a strong magnet such as a neodymium magnet may be used.
- the operating device 20 can be attached more easily than when it is screwed to the outdoor unit 3b. Further, since it can be easily removed, it is easy to replace the operating device 20 and the lithium primary battery 224.
- a process in which the power supply circuit 22 supplies electric power to the control circuit 21 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the solar cell panel 221 generates electricity (S101).
- the power supply circuit 22 supplies the control circuit 21 with the power generated by the solar cell panel 221 (S103).
- S104 it is determined whether or not there is surplus power (S104).
- the power supply circuit 22 charges the lithium ion secondary battery 223 with surplus power by the charging circuit 222 (S105).
- the solar cell panel 221 does not generate electricity, so that sufficient power cannot be supplied to the control circuit 21 (No in S102). Therefore, it is determined to supply the lithium ion secondary battery 223 (S106).
- the power supply circuit 22 supplies the power charged in the lithium ion secondary battery 223 to the control circuit 21 (S107).
- the power is supplied to the control circuit 21 from the lithium primary battery 224 (S108). ).
- the demand control system 1 includes an environmental information measuring device 30.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 is a device that measures the environmental information of the room R in which the air conditioner 3 is installed and transmits the measured environmental information data to the monitoring device 10 via the network.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 includes a CPU 31 as a data calculation / control processing device, a ROM / RAM 32 as a storage device, a communication device 33 for transmitting / receiving information data, and a sensor for measuring environmental information. 34 and a power supply device 35 are provided.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 is a computer, and the ROM / RAM 32, which is a storage device, transmits the measured value of the environmental information acquired by the sensor 34 to the monitoring device 10 in addition to the main program that functions as a computer.
- the program etc. for this is stored. When the stored program is executed by the CPU 31, the function of the environmental information measuring device 30 is exhibited.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 can be connected to the network by wire or wirelessly via the communication device 33. Further, when connecting to the wireless network by the wireless communication device 33a, the LPWA type wireless communication may be used as in the monitoring device 10. In addition, wireless communication may be used by Wifi (registered trademark) or BlueTooth (registered trademark). By connecting the environmental information measuring device 30 and the monitoring device 10 via a wireless network, it is not necessary to carry out communication wiring work for installing a LAN cable or the like for a wired connection. Further, by connecting to a mobile terminal such as a smartphone according to the short-range wireless communication standard of Bluetooth (registered trademark), the system administrator can see the setting information of the environmental information measuring device 30 and the like.
- a mobile terminal such as a smartphone according to the short-range wireless communication standard of Bluetooth (registered trademark)
- the environment information measuring device 30 may include a USB (Universal Serial Bus) terminal, and by connecting the USB terminal to a USB port of a personal computer or the like, the environmental information stored in the storage device may be transmitted and received to and from the personal computer or the like. Further, this USB terminal may be used as the power supply device 35. That is, the electric power for operating the environmental information measuring device 30 is acquired via the USB terminal. For example, power is obtained from an outlet by using a charger having a USB port.
- the power supply device 35 of the environmental information measuring device 30 may be a primary battery such as an alkaline battery or a lithium battery, a secondary battery such as a NiCd battery, a NiMH battery, or a Li battery, an AC adapter, or the like.
- the sensor 34 includes a temperature sensor 34a for measuring temperature, a humidity sensor 34b for measuring humidity, an illuminance sensor 34c for measuring illuminance, and a carbon dioxide sensor 34d for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 measures the temperature and humidity using the temperature sensor 34a and the humidity sensor 34b, and transmits the temperature and humidity information to the monitoring device 10.
- the monitoring device 10 can grasp the temperature / humidity of each room R and issue a control command in consideration of the temperature / humidity. For example, when the indoor temperature is significantly lower or higher than the outside air temperature, the power load can be reduced by issuing a control command so that the indoor temperature is close to the outside air temperature. Further, by measuring the temperature and humidity after issuing the control command, it is possible to confirm whether or not the air conditioner 3 is normally controlled by the operating device 20.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 may be installed not only indoors but also outside the room R to measure the outside air temperature or humidity.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 measures the indoor illuminance and the carbon dioxide concentration by using the illuminance sensor 34c and the carbon dioxide sensor 34d, and transmits the illuminance and carbon dioxide concentration information to the monitoring device 10.
- the monitoring device 10 can determine, for example, whether or not the lighting is on. If the illuminance is low, there is a high possibility that there are no people in the room because the lights are not on. Therefore, even if the air conditioner 3 is stopped, the influence is small, and the monitoring device 10 can reduce the amount of power used by issuing a control command to stop the air conditioner 3 in a room having low illuminance.
- the monitoring device 10 reduces the amount of power used by turning off the power of the air conditioner 3 in the room where the absence is determined, and issuing a control command to lower the driving ability of the outdoor unit 3b in the room R where a person is detected. Is possible.
- the environmental information measuring device 30 may further include a beacon receiver 36.
- a beacon receiver 36 When the user of the building B always carries the beacon oscillator 37, it can be determined from the beacon signal whether or not there is a user in the vicinity of the environmental information measuring device 30. Since human detection can be directly determined by the presence or absence of a beacon signal instead of indirectly determining human detection such as illuminance and carbon dioxide concentration, control commands can be issued more accurately.
- the demand control system 1 of the present embodiment has been described above with reference to the drawings.
- the demand control system 1 has a power supply circuit 22 provided with a solar cell panel 221 for operating an operation device 20 for operating an air conditioner 3 which is a load device. Further, the operating device 20 and the monitoring device 10 are connected by a wireless network. Therefore, the wiring work for electric power and communication is simplified, and the demand control system 1 can be introduced at a lower cost.
- the above embodiment is merely an example for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention.
- the present invention can be modified and improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes an equivalent thereof.
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Abstract
Description
特に、空調機は室外機が建物の屋外に設置されていることから、操作装置を室外機の近くに設置するための電気配線工事費及び通信用配線工事費が高くついていた。この配線工事にコストがかかることが、電力需要家がデマンド制御システムの導入をためらう要因の一つとなっていた。
上記構成により、例えば雨天が続き太陽電池から給電できず且つ二次電池も電池切れになった場合でも、一次電池に切り替えて制御回路に電力を供給することができ、より長期間操作装置を稼働させることができる。
上記構成により、例えば操作装置を負荷機器にねじ止めする場合よりも、操作装置を負荷機器に対して容易に取り付けることが可能になる。また、操作装置の太陽電池パネルが受光するのに適切な位置に、操作装置を配置させることができる。
上記構成により、環境情報の測定結果に基づいて負荷機器を制御することが可能になる。
上記構成により、デマンド制御システムは、室内の温度及び湿度に基づいて負荷機器を制御することが可能になる。
上記構成により、人と存在しているか否かの判断に基づいて、監視装置は制御指令を出すことができる。例えば室内の照度が所定値以下(消灯状態)であった場合、又は、二酸化炭素の濃度が所定値以下であった場合、部屋に人がいない(不在)と判断して、負荷機器の動作を停止する。室内に人がいると判断した場合は、負荷機器を調整(例えば空調機の場合、室外機の駆動能力を下げる)して消費電力の低減を図る。
上記構成により、ビーコン信号を受信することで、室内に人がいることを検知できるため、ビーコン信号を受信しない場合、部屋に人が不在であると判断して、負荷機器の動作を停止させることができる。また、ビーコン信号を受信した場合、人がいると判断して、負荷機器を調整して、消費電力の低減を図ることができる。
以下、本発明の実施形態について図を用いて説明する。図1は、建物B内に設けられたデマンド制御システム1の全体を示す構成図である。
デマンド制御システム1は、温度や湿度を調整する空調機3(負荷機器)と、空調機3等を含むの建物B全体の電力量を測定する電力測定装置5と、電力量を監視する監視装置10と、監視装置10からの制御指令により空調機3を操作する操作装置20とから構成される。また、各階の部屋Rには温度及び湿度等を測定する環境情報測定装置30が設けられている。
電力測定装置5、操作装置20、環境情報測定装置30、及び監視装置10は有線又は無線のネットワークで接続されており情報の送受信が可能になっている。監視装置10は、インターネット等の外部のネットワークNと接続されており、遠隔地の管理者用端末50と情報を送受信することができる。
本実施形態における負荷機器としての空調機3は、室内機3aと室外機3bとから構成される。室内機3aは、各部屋Rの内部に設置され室内の温度や湿度を調整する。室外機3bは、室内機3aと冷媒配管及び電線を通じて接続されており、屋外に設置されている。空調機3は、室内機3aを直接操作することにより電源のON/OFF、設定温度又は湿度等を変更することが可能である。また、空調機3は、室外機3bにより、電源のON/OFFして、使用電力を調整することができる。また、室外機3bの駆動能力を制御することによっても使用電力量を調整することができる。例えば、室外機3bのコンプレッサ等の出力を絞ることにより、設定温度にまで室内の温度が達する到達時間を遅らせて、それにより使用電力を減らすことができる。その結果として室内の温度が上下する場合がある。なお、本実形態では負荷機器として空調機3を用いているが、これは一例であり、負荷機器は照明器具、冷凍装置又は冷蔵装置であってもよい。
上述したように電力測定装置5は建物B全体の電力量を測定することが可能となっている。電力測定装置5は、電力量をデジタルで測定可能な電力メータで、スマートメータと呼ばれるものであり、受電装置40内に設置される。電力測定装置5は、監視装置10とネットワークで接続されており、測定した電力の消費量(電力量)の測定値をデジタルデータとして監視装置10に送信する。測定値の送信に用いられるネットワークは有線でも無線であってもよい。
監視装置10は、空調機3等の建物B全体の電力量を監視する装置である。監視装置10は、電力測定装置5から受信した電力量から算出した需要電力の予測値が目標値を越えそうな場合に、操作装置20に制御指令を出して、空調機3の稼働を下げることを行う。
電力会社との契約電力の基本料金は、過去一年間で発生した最大需要電力で最も大きい値によって定められている。
より詳しく説明すると、需要電力は、30分間に消費された電力の平均値である(図3Aの左のグラフ参照)。この需要電力は月毎にまとめられ、ひと月の需要電力の最大値がその月の最大需要電力(デマンド)となる(図3Aの中央のグラフ参照)。契約電力は、過去一年間で発生した最大需要電力のうち最も大きい値を基準として定められる(図3の右のグラフ参照)。そのため、ひと月でも突出して高い最大需要電力を記録した場合(例えば1000kw)、その最大需要電力で契約することとなる。そのため、電力をそれほど使用しない他の月では割高な基本料金を支払うこととなる。
例えば、監視装置10は、15分経った時点で、同じように空調機を使用した場合の平均消費電力(予測値)を算出する。既に使用している積算電力が1000kW(目標値)の半分を超えている場合、予測値が目標値を超える可能性がある。監視装置10は、予測値と目標値とを比較して、予測値が目標値を越えるか否かを判定する。目標値を越えると判定した場合、監視装置10は、操作装置20に、使用電力量を下げる制御指令を送信する。
このように、制御指令は、季節、外気温、部屋Rの温度又は湿度、室内の人の有無によって設定される。
操作装置20は、室外機3bの駆動能力を制御する装置である。操作装置20は、空調機3の室外機3bと有線により接続され、監視装置10と無線により接続される。操作装置20は、監視装置10から受信した制御指令に応答して、空調機3を操作する。例えば、監視装置10から、空調機3を停止する制御指令を受信した場合、操作装置20は室外機3bの電源をOFFにすることで、空調機3を停止させる。空調機3の駆動能力を下げる制御指令を受信した場合、操作装置20は、例えば室外機3b内のコンプレッサの出力を下げるよう室外機3bを操作する。
操作装置20の記憶装置には、コンピュータとして必要な機能を果たすメインプログラムに加えて、監視装置10から受信した制御指令を処理するプログラムが記憶されている。記憶されたプログラムがCPU211によって実行されることにより、操作装置20の機能が発揮される。
リチウム一次電池224は、直流電力の放電のみができる化学電池であり、交換することが可能になっている。一次電池は、マンガン乾電池・アルカリマンガン乾電池等の乾電池であってもよい。
リチウムイオン二次電池223からの電力が不足する場合であっても、リチウム一次電池224から電力を制御回路21に供給することができ、より長い期間連続して操作装置20を稼働させることができる。
操作装置20を室外機3bにねじ止めする場合よりも容易に取り付けることができる。また、容易に取り外しすることができるため、操作装置20の交換やリチウム一次電池224の交換も容易である。
日中において、太陽電池パネル221により発電する(S101)。このとき、制御回路21が動作するのに充分な電力を供給可能か否か判断する(S102)。充分な電力を供給可能である場合(S102でYes)、電源回路22は、制御回路21に太陽電池パネル221による発電電力を制御回路21に供給する(S103)。このとき、余剰電力が有るか否かを判断する(S104)。余剰電力がある場合、電源回路22は充電回路222により、リチウムイオン二次電池223に余剰電力を充電する(S105)。
太陽電池パネル221から発電電力を供給できず且つリチウムイオン二次電池からも充分な電力を供給することができない場合(S106でNo)、リチウム一次電池224から電力を制御回路21に供給する(S108)。
デマンド制御システム1は、環境情報測定装置30を備えている。環境情報測定装置30は、空調機3が設置された部屋Rの環境情報を測定し、測定した環境情報のデータを監視装置10にネットワーク経由で送信する装置である。
環境情報測定装置30はコンピュータであり、記憶装置であるROM・RAM32には、コンピュータとして必要な機能を果たすメインプログラムの他、センサ34により取得した環境情報の測定値を、監視装置10に送信するためのプログラム等が記憶されている。記憶されているプログラムがCPU31によって実行されることにより、環境情報測定装置30の機能が発揮される。
また、スマートフォン等の携帯端末とBlueTooth(登録商標)の近距離無線通信の規格により接続することで、システムの管理者は環境情報測定装置30の設定情報等を見ることができる。
また、このUSB端子を電源装置35として利用してもよい。すなわち、環境情報測定装置30を稼働させる電力をUSB端子経由で取得する。例えば、USBポートを有する充電器を利用することでコンセントから電力を取得する。環境情報測定装置30の電源装置35は、アルカリ電池やリチウム電池などの一次電池、NiCd電池やNiMH電池、Li電池などの二次電池、ACアダプタ等であってもよい。
なお、上記の実施形態は、本発明の理解を容易にするための一例に過ぎず、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明は、その趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に、本発明にはその等価物が含まれることは勿論である。
N ネットワーク
3 空調機(負荷機器)
3a 室内機
3b 室外機
5 電力測定装置
10 監視装置
11 CPU
12 ROM・RAM
12A HDD
13 通信装置
13a 無線通信装置
14 入出力装置
20 操作装置
20a 筐体
20b 上面
20c 底面
21 制御回路
211 CPU(制御部)
212 ROM・RAM(データ記憶部)
213 無線通信装置(無線通信部)
214 接点回路(接点部)
22 電源回路
221 太陽電池パネル
222 充電回路(充電部)
223 リチウムイオン二次電池(二次電池)
224 リチウム一次電池(一次電池)
24 磁石
25 ケーブル
30 環境情報測定装置
31 CPU
32 ROM・RAM
33 通信装置
33a 無線通信装置
34 センサ
34a 温度センサ
34b 湿度センサ
34c 照度センサ
34d 二酸化炭素センサ
35 電源装置
36 ビーコン受信機
37 ビーコン発振器
40 受電装置
50 管理者用端末
Claims (7)
- 負荷機器の電力量を測定し、前記電力量の測定値を送信する電力測定装置と、
該電力測定装置から受信した前記測定値から需要電力の予測値を算出し、前記予測値が目標値を越えるか否かを判定すると共に、目標値を越えると判定した場合に制御指令を送信する監視装置と、
前記負荷機器に接続され、前記監視装置から前記制御指令を受信し、前記制御指令に応答して前記負荷機器を操作する操作装置と、を備えるデマンド制御システムであって、
前記制御指令は無線通信により送受信されており、
前記操作装置は、
制御回路と、該制御回路に電力を供給する電源回路と、を有し、
前記制御回路は、
前記監視装置から前記制御指令を無線通信により受信する無線通信部と、
受信した前記制御指令を記憶するデータ記憶部と、
前記制御指令を処理する制御部と、
該制御部の指示により前記負荷機器を操作する接点部と、を有し、
前記電源回路は、
太陽電池パネルと、二次電池と、前記太陽電池パネルの発電電力の一部を前記二次電池に充電する充電部と、を有し、
前記電源回路は、前記太陽電池パネルの前記発電電力を前記制御回路に供給し、余剰電力を前記二次電池に充電し、
前記太陽電池パネルから前記発電電力を供給できない場合、前記二次電池から前記制御回路に電力を供給することを特徴とするデマンド制御システム。 - 前記操作装置は一次電池を備え、前記電源回路は、前記太陽電池パネルから発電電力を供給できず且つ前記二次電池が電池切れした場合に、前記一次電池から前記制御回路に電力を供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデマンド制御システム。
- 前記操作装置は外面に磁石を有し、前記負荷機器に対して前記磁石により取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のデマンド制御システム。
- 前記負荷機器が設けられた部屋の環境情報を測定し、測定した前記環境情報を前記監視装置に送信する環境情報測定装置を備え、
前記監視装置は、前記予測値が前記目標値を越えると判定した場合、前記環境情報測定装置から受信した前記環境情報に基づいた制御指令を送信することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のデマンド制御システム。 - 前記環境情報測定装置は温度を測定する温度センサ及び湿度を測定する湿度センサを有し、前記環境情報は、前記温度センサ及び前記湿度センサにより取得した温度及び湿度の情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のデマンド制御システム。
- 前記環境情報測定装置は照度を測定する照度センサ又は二酸化炭素の濃度を測定する二酸化炭素センサを有し、前記環境情報は前記照度センサが測定した照度又は前記二酸化炭素センサが測定した二酸化炭素の濃度の情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のデマンド制御システム。
- 前記環境情報測定装置はビーコン信号を受信するビーコン受信機を有し、前記環境情報は前記ビーコン受信機が受信した前記ビーコン信号の情報を含むことを特徴とする請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載のデマンド制御システム。
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