WO2022151653A1 - 开关电路、供电设备和电器设备 - Google Patents

开关电路、供电设备和电器设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022151653A1
WO2022151653A1 PCT/CN2021/100933 CN2021100933W WO2022151653A1 WO 2022151653 A1 WO2022151653 A1 WO 2022151653A1 CN 2021100933 W CN2021100933 W CN 2021100933W WO 2022151653 A1 WO2022151653 A1 WO 2022151653A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
switch
component
voltage
power supply
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PCT/CN2021/100933
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李鹏
张佳明
田兵
赵继光
尹旭
刘仲
孙宏棣
王志明
周峰
李立浧
Original Assignee
南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022151653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022151653A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/006—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of too high or too low voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of automation technology, in particular to a switch circuit, power supply equipment and electrical equipment.
  • distribution network equipment is used for accurate measurement of line current and high-speed recording, so as to achieve rapid fault location, shorten fault response and processing time, and improve power supply reliability.
  • these distribution network equipment need to use an external power supply to reduce the consumption of their own backup power.
  • the traditional power supply circuit of distribution network equipment uses transformers to obtain energy from the power line, rectifies and uses power devices to discharge excess energy, which will cause waste of electric energy. Therefore, the traditional power supply circuit of distribution network equipment has the disadvantage of low energy utilization rate.
  • a switch circuit including a current limiting component, a switch component, a rectifier circuit and a voltage regulator circuit; the switch component includes a control device and a controlled device;
  • One end of the current limiting component is connected to the first interface of the AC power supply, and the other end of the current limiting component is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit through the controlled device of the switching component; the control device of the switching component connected in parallel with the current limiting component;
  • the second AC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the second interface of the AC power supply;
  • the DC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the voltage regulator circuit
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit is used to connect the load
  • the control device of the switch assembly is used to control the controlled device of the switch assembly to disconnect when the output voltage of the AC power supply is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; the control device of the switch assembly is also used to When the output voltage of the AC power supply is less than a preset critical value, the controlled device of the switching component is controlled to be closed, and the AC power supply is connected to the AC side of the rectifier circuit; the voltage stabilization circuit is based on the The DC output from the DC side of the rectifier circuit stores energy.
  • the current limiting component is a shunt resistor.
  • the switch assembly includes a first switch assembly and a second switch assembly
  • One end of the current limiting component is connected to the first interface of the AC power supply, and the other end is sequentially connected to the first interface of the rectifier circuit through the controlled device of the second switch component and the controlled device of the first switch component.
  • the AC side; the control device of the first switch assembly and the control device of the second switch assembly are respectively connected in parallel with the current limiting assembly.
  • the first switch assembly and the second switch assembly are bidirectional normally closed optocouplers.
  • the protection component is connected in parallel with the controlled device of the switch component.
  • the protection component is a TVS diode; the cathode of the TVS diode is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit.
  • the rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, a half-bridge rectifier circuit or a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.
  • the voltage regulator circuit is a linear voltage regulator or a DC converter.
  • a power supply device including the above-mentioned switch circuit.
  • an electrical device including a load and the above-mentioned power supply device.
  • the above switch circuit includes a current limiting component, a switching component, a rectifier circuit and a voltage regulator circuit.
  • the first AC side of the rectifier circuit is sequentially connected to the first interface of the AC power source through the controlled device of the switch assembly and the current limiting assembly, the second AC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the second interface of the AC power source; the DC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to a stable Voltage circuit; voltage stabilizer circuit is used to connect the load.
  • the control device of the switching component is connected in parallel with the current limiting component.
  • the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device to close when the input voltage of the AC power source is less than a preset critical value, and connects the AC power source to the AC side of the rectifier circuit; the voltage regulator circuit is based on the DC power output by the DC side of the rectifier circuit Store energy.
  • the control device of the switch component controls the controlled device to disconnect when the input voltage of the AC power supply is greater than or equal to the preset critical value, and the AC input of the rectifier circuit cannot raise the DC side voltage of the rectifier circuit after rectification, so that the The DC side voltage is maintained within a certain voltage range to achieve the effect of automatically adjusting the amount of energy taken, which can maintain the stability of the load power supply and is conducive to improving the utilization rate of energy.
  • Fig. 1 is the composition block diagram of the switch circuit in one embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is the composition block diagram of the switch circuit in another embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is the composition block diagram of the switch circuit in another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a current limiting assembly, a switch assembly and a protection assembly in one embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a voltage regulator circuit in one embodiment.
  • first, second, etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element.
  • a first resistance may be referred to as a second resistance, and similarly, a second resistance may be referred to as a first resistance, without departing from the scope of this application.
  • Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor.
  • connection in the following embodiments should be understood as “electrical connection”, “communication connection”, etc. if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc. have electrical signals or data transmission between them.
  • the present application provides a switch circuit, which can be used in a power supply circuit of a distribution network device in a power grid, and can also be used in a power supply circuit of other electrical equipment.
  • the switch circuit includes a current limiting component 100 , a switch component 200 , a rectifier circuit 300 and a voltage regulator circuit 400 .
  • the switch assembly 200 includes a control device 201 and a controlled device 202 .
  • One end of the current limiting component 100 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply, and the other end of the current limiting component 100 is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 through the controlled device 202 of the switching component 200;
  • the flow components 100 are connected in parallel; the second AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to the second interface JP2 of the AC power source; the DC side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to the voltage stabilizer circuit 400 ; the voltage stabilizer circuit 400 is used to connect the load.
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 is used to control the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 to turn off when the output voltage of the AC power source is greater than or equal to a preset critical value; When the output voltage is less than the preset critical value, the controlled device 202 of the control switch assembly 200 is closed, and the AC power is connected to the AC side of the rectifier circuit 300; energy storage.
  • the preset critical value is determined by the specific circuit structures of the current limiting component 100 and the switching component 200 .
  • the current limiting component 100 may include only one current limiting resistor, or may include multiple current limiting resistors and other circuit elements connected to the current limiting resistors.
  • the number of switch assemblies 200 is not unique, and can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 may be a control chip or a light-emitting diode in an optocoupler; correspondingly, the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 may be a bidirectional relay, a contactor, a temperature-controlled switch or The voltage-controlled switch can also be a bidirectional conduction switching device in an optocoupler.
  • this embodiment does not limit the specific circuit configurations of the current limiting component 100 and the switching component 200 .
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 is used in conjunction with the controlled device 202 , and the circuit configuration of the control device 201 can be determined according to the specific type of the controlled device 202 .
  • the controlled device 202 is controlled to perform an opening and closing action.
  • the rectifier circuit 300 refers to a circuit that converts AC power into DC power.
  • the rectifier circuit 300 is composed of rectifier diodes, and the voltage after passing through the rectifier circuit 300 is no longer an AC voltage, but a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage.
  • the rectifier circuit 300 may be a half-wave rectifier circuit, a full-wave rectifier circuit, a bridge rectifier circuit, a voltage doubler rectifier circuit, or the like. In a word, this embodiment does not limit the type and specific device configuration of the rectifier circuit 300 .
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 refers to a power supply circuit that can keep the output voltage basically unchanged even when the input grid voltage fluctuates or the load changes.
  • the voltage regulator circuit 400 is classified into many categories, and is divided into: DC voltage regulator circuit and AC voltage regulator circuit according to the type of output current. According to the connection mode between the voltage stabilizer circuit 400 and the load, it is divided into a series voltage stabilizer circuit and a parallel voltage stabilizer circuit. According to the working state of the adjustment tube, it is divided into: linear voltage regulator circuit and switching voltage regulator circuit. According to the type of circuit, it is divided into: simple voltage regulator circuit, feedback voltage regulator circuit and voltage regulator circuit with amplifying link.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 may be any of the above voltage stabilizing circuits, and the type and specific device configuration of the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the voltage-stabilizing circuit 400 may realize the functions of voltage-stabilizing and energy-storing respectively through an internal voltage-stabilizing device and an energy-storage device, and the voltage-stabilizing circuit 400 may also realize the functions of voltage-stabilizing and energy-storing simultaneously through a voltage-stabilizing capacitor.
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 controls the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 to close.
  • the AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to the AC power supply through the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200 and the current limiting component 100.
  • the voltage regulator circuit 400 performs energy storage and voltage regulation processing. After that, supply power to the load.
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 controls the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 to turn off.
  • the entire switching circuit no longer draws energy from the external AC power source. Since the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, at this time, the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load to maintain the operation of the load.
  • the control device 201 of the switch assembly 200 controls the controlled device 202 of the switch assembly 200 to close, and the AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to the AC power source again, and the switch circuit is directly connected to the AC power source.
  • the AC power source obtains energy and supplies power to the load while charging the voltage regulator circuit 400 .
  • the above process is repeated continuously, so that the DC voltage of the rectifier circuit 300 is maintained within a certain voltage range to achieve the effect of automatically adjusting the amount of energy taken, which can maintain the stability of the load power supply and help improve the utilization rate of energy.
  • the current-limiting capability of the switching circuit can be adjusted, so as to satisfy the load function while preventing the device heating problem caused by excessive energy extraction, and reduce the transient surge or short-circuit current of the primary AC circuit to the secondary
  • the damage caused by the secondary circuit is beneficial to improve the safety and prolong the service life of the device.
  • the switch circuit further includes a protection component 500 .
  • the protection component 500 is connected in parallel with the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200 to discharge the transient high voltage across the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200 to protect the circuit safety.
  • the protection component 500 includes protection devices such as a varistor or a TVS diode (Transient Voltage Suppressor, transient diode).
  • the protection component 500 in parallel with the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200, the transient high voltage across the controlled device 202 of the switch component 200 is discharged, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the switching circuit.
  • the switch assembly 200 includes a first switch assembly 210 and a second switch assembly 220 .
  • One end of the current limiting assembly 100 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply, and the other end is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 through the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220 and the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 in sequence;
  • the control device of the switch assembly 210 and the control device of the second switch assembly 220 are respectively connected in parallel with the current limiting assembly 100 .
  • the device configurations of the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220 are not unique, and the device configurations of the two switch assemblies may be the same or different.
  • the control devices of the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220 both have unidirectional conduction characteristics, and the two are connected in anti-parallel. Both the controlled devices of the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220 have bidirectional conduction characteristics. For ease of understanding, the following description will be given by taking an example that the anode of the control device of the first switch assembly 210 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply.
  • the control device of the first switch assembly 210 controls the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 to close, and the control device of the second switch assembly 220 controls the second switch The controlled device of assembly 220 is closed.
  • the AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 is connected to the AC power source through the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210, the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220, and the current limiting assembly 100.
  • the rectifier circuit 300 converts the AC to DC
  • the After the voltage stabilization circuit 400 performs energy storage and voltage stabilization processing, it supplies power to the load.
  • the control device of the first switch assembly 210 controls the first switch assembly 210.
  • the controlled device is disconnected.
  • the controlled device of the first switch assembly 220 is controlled by the control device of the first switch assembly 220 to be turned off. No matter which switch component's control device is disconnected, the entire switch circuit no longer draws energy from the external AC power source. Since the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, at this time, the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load to maintain the operation of the load.
  • the control devices of different switch assemblies control the corresponding controlled devices to be disconnected in the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the AC voltage respectively, so as to realize the voltage limiting function, then There is no need to select a control device with bidirectional conduction function, which is beneficial to improve the flexibility of switching circuit device selection.
  • the controlled devices of the multiple switch assemblies are connected in parallel with the protection device 500 after being connected in series.
  • the switch assembly 200 includes the first switch assembly 210 and the second switch assembly 220
  • the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 and the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220 are connected in series, and then connected to the protection Components 500 are connected in parallel.
  • the end connected with the controlled device of the first switch assembly 210 and the protection assembly 500 is used as the first end
  • the end connected with the controlled device of the second switch assembly 220 and the protection assembly 500 is used as the second end
  • the protection assembly 500 is used for discharging A momentary high voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal.
  • the first switch component 210 and the second switch component 220 are bidirectional normally closed optocouplers.
  • the transmitting part of the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler is used as the control device, and the receiving part is used as the controlled device.
  • One end of the current limiting component 100 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply, and the other end is connected to the first AC of the rectifier circuit 300 through the receiving part of the second bidirectional normally closed optocoupler and the receiving part of the first bidirectional normally closed optocoupler in turn. side; the emitting portion of the first bidirectional normally closed optocoupler and the emitting portion of the second bidirectional normally closed optocoupler are respectively connected in parallel with the current limiting component 100 .
  • the receiving part of the first bidirectional normally closed optocoupler includes a MOS transistor M1 and a MOS transistor M2 connected in series.
  • the receiving part of the second bidirectional normally closed optocoupler includes a MOS transistor M3 and a MOS transistor M4 connected in series.
  • MOS tube refers to a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which is a field effect transistor that can be widely used in analog circuits and digital circuits. According to the different polarities of its working carriers, MOS tubes can be divided into two types: "N-type” and "P-type", which are also commonly referred to as NMOS tubes and PMOS tubes.
  • the current limiting component 100 is used as the current limiting resistor R1
  • the transmitting part of the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler is a light emitting diode
  • the receiving part is an NMOS transistor
  • the anode of the light emitting diode D1 of the first bidirectional normally closed optocoupler is connected to the AC power supply.
  • the connection method and working process of the first bidirectional normally closed optocoupler and the second bidirectional normally closed optocoupler are briefly introduced.
  • the drain of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit 300; the gate of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor M2; the source of the MOS transistor M1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor M2
  • the drain of the MOS transistor M2 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor M3; the gate of the MOS transistor M3 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor M4; the source of the MOS transistor M3 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor M4; the drain of the MOS transistor M4 Connect one end of the current limiting resistor R1 away from the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply.
  • the anode of the light emitting diode D1 is connected to the first interface JP1 of the AC power supply, and the light emitting diode D2 is connected in parallel with the light emitting diode D1 in antiphase.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 Since the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 has a certain energy storage function, at this time, the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 continues to supply power to the load to maintain the operation of the load. After the receiving part of the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler forms an open circuit, the conduction current of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler is reduced to zero, so that the light emitting diode does not emit light, so that the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler resumes the conduction state. When the output voltage is still greater than or equal to the preset critical value, the switch circuit enters the open-circuit state again.
  • the first switch component 210 and the second switch component 220 are bidirectional normally closed optocouplers.
  • the high performance and low cost of the bidirectional normally closed optocouplers can reduce the cost of the switching circuit and improve the circuit performance.
  • the light-emitting diode in the optocoupler controls the on-off of the MOS tube with a time delay characteristic, which can form a hysteresis buffer effect for a certain energy collection.
  • the two bidirectional normally closed optocouplers limit the positive and negative half cycles of the AC input respectively.
  • the relationship between the voltage drop of the current limiting resistor and the conduction voltage drop of the light emitting diode in the optocoupler determines whether the light emitting diode emits light.
  • the current capacity of the entire switching circuit depends on the conduction current of the diode in the bidirectional normally closed optocoupler and the current flowing through the parallel current limiting resistor.
  • the protection component 500 is a TVS diode D3 , and the cathode of the TVS diode D3 is connected to the first AC side of the rectifier circuit 300 .
  • the TVS diode is a high-efficiency protection device in the form of a diode.
  • the two poles of the TVS diode When the two poles of the TVS diode are impacted by reverse transient high energy, it can change the high impedance between the two poles to a low impedance at a speed of picoseconds, absorb surge power up to several kilowatts, and make the The voltage clamp is located at a predetermined value, which effectively protects the delicate components in the electronic circuit from damage by various surge pulses.
  • TVS diodes have the advantages of fast response speed, high transient power, low leakage current, small breakdown voltage deviation, easy control of clamping voltage, no damage limit, and small size. Using TVS diodes as protection components is beneficial to improve circuit performance. .
  • the rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit or a half-bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the rectifier circuits are divided according to functions, including full-wave rectification and half-wave rectification.
  • Full-wave rectification means that during the rectification process, the AC waveform will first be converted to the same polarity and then rectified, that is, all input waveforms will form an output.
  • Half-wave rectification means that during the rectification process, one of the positive or negative half cycles of the AC waveform is eliminated, and only half of the input waveform will form the output. Therefore, the energy utilization rate of full-wave rectification is better than that of half-wave rectification, and the advantage of half-wave rectification is that the circuit is simple.
  • Different types of rectifier circuits can be selected according to the needs of the load and considering the cost, efficiency and stability.
  • the rectifier bridge of the full-bridge rectifier circuit generally includes four diodes, each of which is an arm of the bridge, connected end to end to form a loop, and the input and output cannot be exchanged.
  • the rectifier bridge of the half-bridge rectifier circuit only needs to use two diodes, the output ends of the two diodes are connected, and the input ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the transformer.
  • the rectifier circuit is a voltage doubler rectifier circuit.
  • the voltage doubling rectifier circuit is composed of a diode with a higher inverse peak voltage and a capacitor with a higher withstand voltage.
  • the voltages are stored on their respective capacitors, and then they are added according to their polarities.
  • the principle is connected in series, and the output is higher than the input voltage.
  • an output voltage that is an integer multiple of the input voltage can be output.
  • the voltage-doubling rectifier circuit is divided into double-voltage, triple-voltage and multiple-voltage rectifier circuits.
  • a voltage doubler rectifier circuit can be used to rectify and then supply power to the load.
  • the voltage regulator circuit is a linear voltage regulator.
  • a linear regulator refers to a voltage regulator circuit that uses a transistor or field effect transistor operating in its linear region to subtract the excess voltage from the input voltage of the front-end circuit to generate a regulated output voltage that is output to the load. Its working principle is the same as that of the reverse amplifier circuit.
  • the outstanding advantages of linear regulators are lower cost, lower noise and quiescent current. It also has few peripheral components, usually only one or two bypass capacitors. Further, the linear regulator includes a field effect transistor.
  • Linear regulators using field effect transistors can achieve better electrical performance: on the one hand, field effect transistors do not require base current drive, so the current of the device itself is greatly reduced; on the other hand, in the structure using transistors , in order to prevent the transistor from entering a saturated state and reducing the output capability, a large input and output voltage difference must be ensured, and the voltage difference of the FET is roughly equal to the product of the output current and its on-resistance, and the extremely small on-resistance makes the voltage difference very Low.
  • a linear voltage stabilizer is used as the voltage stabilizer circuit. Since the DC voltage stabilizer generally adopts a small package, it is beneficial to reduce the volume of the switching circuit and reduce the cost. In addition, linear regulators provide excellent performance and value-added features such as thermal overload protection, safe current limiting, and shutdown mode to significantly reduce power consumption.
  • the voltage regulator circuit is a DC converter.
  • a DC converter is an electronic device that converts a DC power source into another DC power source with different output characteristics.
  • the DC converter converts the input DC voltage into a DC voltage or current that meets the load requirements by controlling the switch tube, and then through energy storage filter elements such as capacitors and inductors.
  • DC converters can be divided into basic DC converters without isolation transformers and DC converters with isolation transformers.
  • it can be divided into buck converter, boost converter, buck-boost converter and Chuuk converter. This embodiment does not limit the specific type and circuit configuration of the DC converter.
  • a DC converter is used to chop the constant DC voltage into a series of pulse voltages by fast on and off control of the device, and the pulse width of the pulse series is changed by controlling the change of the duty cycle, so as to realize the The average value of the output voltage is adjusted, and then filtered by the output filter to output controllable DC power to the controlled load, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the load power supply and prolonging the service life of the load.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit 400 includes an energy storage component 401 and a voltage stabilizing component 402 .
  • the energy storage component 401 is connected to the DC side of the rectifier circuit 300 and the voltage stabilization unit 402; the voltage stabilization unit 402 is used to connect the load.
  • the energy storage component 401 may be an energy storage capacitor, an energy storage battery, or other electronic components with an energy storage function.
  • the specific components of the energy storage component 401 are not limited in this embodiment.
  • the energy storage component 401 supplies power to the load, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the load. operation, improve the stability of load performance.
  • a power supply device including the switch circuit in any of the above embodiments.
  • the power supply device can be a power supply socket, including a power supply interface and any of the above-mentioned switch circuits, the power supply line of the load is connected to the power supply interface, and then connected to the AC power supply through the switch circuit.
  • the power supply device can also be a power supply box, including a plug, a box body, a jack and any of the above-mentioned switch circuits, wherein the jack and the switch circuit are arranged in the box, the plug, the switch circuit and the jack are connected at one time, and the plug is used to connect to the AC The power supply, the jack is used to connect the load.
  • the power supply box may include multiple groups of jacks, and correspondingly, may include multiple groups of switch circuits, and the settings of these switch circuits may be the same or different to match different load requirements.
  • this embodiment does not limit the specific type and structure of the power supply device.
  • an electrical device including a load and the above-mentioned power supply device.
  • the electrical equipment may be distribution network equipment or other electrical equipment.
  • the load of the electrical equipment is connected to the AC power supply through the power supply equipment.
  • the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device of the switch assembly to close.
  • the AC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the AC power supply through the controlled device of the switch component and the current limiting component.
  • the voltage regulator circuit performs energy storage and voltage regulation processing to supply power to the load.
  • the control device of the switch assembly controls the controlled device of the switch assembly to disconnect, and the entire switch circuit no longer obtains energy from the external AC power source. Since the voltage-stabilizing circuit includes a voltage-stabilizing capacitor and has a certain energy storage function, at this time, the voltage-stabilizing circuit continues to supply power to the load to maintain the operation of the load.
  • the control device of the switching component controls the controlled device of the switching component to close, the AC side of the rectifier circuit is connected to the AC power supply again, and the switching circuit directly obtains energy from the AC power supply to supply power to the load .
  • the above process is repeated continuously, so that the DC voltage of the rectifier circuit is maintained within a certain voltage range to achieve the effect of automatically adjusting the amount of energy taken, which can maintain the stability of the load power supply, and is conducive to improving the utilization rate of energy.
  • the current-limiting capability of the switching circuit can be adjusted, and the device heating problem caused by excessive energy extraction can be prevented while satisfying the load function, which is conducive to improving safety and prolonging the service life of the device.

Abstract

本申请涉及一种开关电路、供电设备和电器设备。该开关电路包括限流组件、开关组件、整流电路和稳压电路；开关组件包括控制器件和被控器件；限流组件的一端连接交流电源的第一接口，另一端通过被控器件连接整流电路的第一交流侧；控制器件与限流组件并联；整流电路的第二交流侧连接交流电源的第二接口；整流电路的直流侧连接稳压电路；稳压电路用于连接负载。控制器件用于在交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，控制被控器件断开；控制器件还用于在交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，控制被控器件闭合，将交流电源接入至整流电路的交流侧；稳压电路根据整流电路的直流侧输出的直流电进行储能。该开关电路可以提高能量的利用率。

Description

开关电路、供电设备和电器设备 技术领域
本申请涉及自动化技术领域，特别是涉及一种开关电路、供电设备和电器设备。
背景技术
随着科技的快速发展，越来越多的自动化技术应用到电力电网中。通常会使用配网设备进行线路电流的精准测量及高速录波，从而实现快速故障定位，缩短故障的响应和处理时间，提高供电可靠性。为了增长使用寿命，这些配网设备需要使用外部电源来降低自身后备电源的消耗。
传统的配网设备供电电路，使用互感器从电力线上得能量，整流后并使用功率器件卸放多余的能量，会造成电能的浪费。因此，传统的配网设备供电电路，存在能量利用率低的缺点。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述技术问题，提供一种能量利用率高的开关电路、供电设备和电器设备。
本申请第一方面，提供了一种开关电路，包括限流组件、开关组件、整流电路和稳压电路；所述开关组件包括控制器件和被控器件；
所述限流组件的一端连接交流电源的第一接口，所述限流组件的另一端通过所述开关组件的被控器件连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧；所述开关组件的控制器件与所述限流组件并联；
所述整流电路的第二交流侧连接所述交流电源的第二接口；
所述整流电路的直流侧连接所述稳压电路；
所述稳压电路用于连接负载；
所述开关组件的控制器件用于在所述交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，控制所述开关组件的被控器件断开；所述开关组件的控制器件还用 于在所述交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，控制所述开关组件的被控器件闭合，将所述交流电源接入至所述整流电路的交流侧；所述稳压电路根据所述整流电路的直流侧输出的直流电进行储能。
在其中一个实施例中，所述限流组件为分流电阻。
在其中一个实施例中，所述开关组件包括第一开关组件和第二开关组件；
所述限流组件的一端连接所述交流电源的第一接口，另一端依次通过所述第二开关组件的被控器件和所述第一开关组件的被控器件连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧；所述第一开关组件的控制器件和所述第二开关组件的控制器件分别与所述限流组件并联。
在其中一个实施例中，所述第一开关组件和所述第二开关组件为双向常闭型光耦。
在其中一个实施例中，还包括保护组件；
所述保护组件与所述开关组件的被控器件并联。
在其中一个实施例中，所述保护组件为TVS二极管；所述TVS二极管的阴极连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧。
在其中一个实施例中，所述整流电路为全桥整流电路、半桥整流电路或倍压整流电路。
在其中一个实施例中，所述稳压电路为线性稳压器或直流变换器。
本申请第二方面，提供了一种供电设备，包括如上述的开关电路。
本申请第三方面，提供了一种电器设备，包括负载和如上述的供电设备。
上述开关电路，包括限流组件、开关组件、整流电路和稳压电路。该整流电路的第一交流侧依次通过开关组件的被控器件和限流组件连接交流电源的第一接口，整流电路的第二交流侧连接交流电源的第二接口；整流电路的直流侧连接稳压电路；稳压电路用于连接负载。开关组件的控制器件与限流组件并联。开关组件的控制器件在交流电源的输入电压小于预设的临界值时控制被控器件闭合，将交流电源接入至整流电路的交流侧；稳压电路根据所述整流电路的直流侧输出的直流电进行储能。开关组件的控制器件在交流电源的输入电压大于或等于预设的临界值时控制被控器件断开，整流电路的交流输入无法通过整流后抬高 整流电路的直流侧电压，从而使整流电路的直流侧电压维持在一定的电压范围内，达到自动调整取能大小的效果，可以保持负载供电的稳定性，有利于提高能量的利用率。
附图说明
图1为一个实施例中开关电路的组成框图；
图2为另一个实施例中开关电路的组成框图；
图3为又一个实施例中开关电路的组成框图；
图4为一个实施例中限流组件、开关组件和保护组件的结构示意图；
图5为一个实施例中的稳压电路的组成框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。
可以理解，本申请所使用的术语“第一”、“第二”等可在本文中用于描述各种元件，但这些元件不受这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于将第一个元件与另一个元件区分。举例来说，在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以将第一电阻称为第二电阻，且类似地，可将第二电阻称为第一电阻。第一电阻和第二电阻两者都是电阻，但其不是同一电阻。
可以理解，以下实施例中的“连接”，如果被连接的电路、模块、单元等相互之间具有电信号或数据的传递，则应理解为“电连接”、“通信连接”等。
在此使用时，单数形式的“一”、“一个”和“所述/该”也可以包括复数形式，除非上下文清楚指出另外的方式。还应当理解的是，术语“包括/包含”或“具有”等指定所陈述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件、部分或它们的组合的 存在，但是不排除存在或添加一个或更多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、组件、部分或它们的组合的可能性。
本申请提供了一种开关电路，可以用于电力电网中配网设备的供电电路，也可以用于其他电器设备的供电电路。在一个实施例中，请参考图1，该开关电路包括限流组件100、开关组件200、整流电路300和稳压电路400。其中，开关组件200包括控制器件201和被控器件202。限流组件100的一端连接交流电源的第一接口JP1，限流组件100的另一端通过开关组件200的被控器件202连接整流电路300的第一交流侧；开关组件200的控制器件201与限流组件100并联；整流电路300的第二交流侧连接交流电源的第二接口JP2；整流电路300的直流侧连接稳压电路400；稳压电路400用于连接负载。开关组件200的控制器件201用于在交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，控制开关组件200的被控器件202断开；开关组件200的控制器件201还用于在交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，控制开关组件200的被控器件202闭合，将交流电源接入至整流电路300的交流侧；稳压电路400根据整流电路300的直流侧输出的直流电进行储能。
其中，预设的临界值，由限流组件100和开关组件200的具体电路结构决定。限流组件100可以只包含一个限流电阻，也可以包括多个限流电阻以及与限流电阻连接的其他电路元件。开关组件200的数量并不唯一，可以根据实际需求进行调整。开关组件200的控制器件201，可以是控制芯片，也可以是光耦中的发光二极管；对应地，开关组件200的被控器件202，可以是双向导通的继电器、接触器、温控开关或者压控开关，也可以是光耦中的双向导通开关器件。总之，本实施例对限流组件100和开关组件200的具体电路构成不作限定。开关组件200的控制器件201与被控器件202配合使用，根据被控器件202的具体类型可以确定控制器件201的电路构成。当控制器件201输出的信号满足一定条件时，控制被控器件202执行开闭动作。
整流电路300是指将交流电能转换为直流电能的电路。整流电路300由整流二极管组成，经过整流电路300之后的电压已经不是交流电压，而是单向脉 动性直流电压。具体的，整流电路300可以为半波整流电路、全波整流电路、桥式整流电路或倍压整流电路等。总之，本实施例对整流电路300的类型和具体器件构成不作限定。
稳压电路400是指在输入电网电压波动或负载发生改变时仍能保持输出电压基本不变的电源电路。稳压电路400分类繁多，按输出电流的类型分为：直流稳压电路和交流稳压电路。按稳压电路400与负载的连接方式分为：串联稳压电路和并联稳压电路。按调整管的工作状态分为：线性稳压电路和开关稳压电路。按电路类型分为：简单稳压电路、反馈型稳压电路和带有放大环节的稳压电路。具体的，稳压电路400可以为以上任意一种稳压电路，本实施例对稳压电路400的类型和具体器件构成不作限定。稳压电路400可以是通过内部的稳压器件和储能器件分别实现稳压和储能功能，稳压电路400也可以是通过稳压电容同时实现稳压和储能功能。
具体的，当交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，开关组件200的控制器件201控制开关组件200的被控器件202闭合。此时，整流电路300的交流侧通过开关组件200的被控器件202和限流组件100接入交流电源，整流电路300将交流转换成直流后，经过稳压电路400进行储能和稳压处理后，对负载供电。
当交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，开关组件200的控制器件201控制开关组件200的被控器件202断开。整个开关电路不再从外部交流电源获取能量。由于稳压电路400具备一定的储能功能，此时，由稳压电路400继续向负载供电，维持负载运转。直至交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，再由开关组件200的控制器件201控制开关组件200的被控器件202闭合，整流电路300的交流侧再次接入交流电源，开关电路直接从交流电源获取能量，向稳压电路400充电的同时向负载供电。
上述过程不断重复，使得整流电路300的直流电压维持在一定的电压范围内，达到自动调整取能大小的效果，可以保持负载供电的稳定性，有利于提高能量的利用率。此外，通过调整限流组件100的电路结构，可以调整开关电路的限流能力，在满足负载功能的同时防止取能过量引起的器件发热问题，减小一次交 流电路电流瞬态激增或短路对二次电路造成的损伤，有利于提高安全性，增长器件的使用寿命。
在一个实施例中，请参考图2，该开关电路还包括保护组件500。具体的，该保护组件500与开关组件200的被控器件202并联，用于泄放开关组件200的被控器件202两端的瞬态高电压，保护电路安全。该保护组件500，包含压敏电阻或TVS二极管(Transient Voltage Suppressor，瞬态二极管)等保护器件。
上述实施例中，通过增加与开关组件200的被控器件202并联的保护组件500，泄放开关组件200的被控器件202两端的瞬态高电压，有利于提高开关电路的可靠性。
如上文所述，开关组件200的数量并不唯一，可以根据实际需求进行调整。在一个实施例中，请参考图3，开关组件200包括第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220。限流组件100的一端连接交流电源的第一接口JP1，另一端依次通过第二开关组件220的被控器件和第一开关组件210的被控器件连接整流电路300的第一交流侧；第一开关组件210的控制器件和第二开关组件220的控制器件分别与限流组件100并联。
其中，第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220的器件构成并不唯一，且两个开关组件的器件构成可以相同，也可以不同。第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220的控制器件均具备单向导通特性，且二者反向并联。第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220的被控器件均具备双向导通特性。为便于理解，下面以第一开关组件210的控制器件的阳极连接交流电源的第一接口JP1为例进行说明。
具体的，当交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，由第一开关组件210的控制器件控制第一开关组件210的被控器件闭合，第二开关组件220的控制器件控制第二开关组件220的被控器件闭合。此时，整流电路300的交流侧通过第一开关组件210的被控器件、第二开关组件220的被控器件和限流组件100接入交流电源，整流电路300将交流转换成直流后，经过稳压电路400进行储能和稳压处理后，对负载供电。
当交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，当第一接口JP1的电压高于第二接口JP2的电压时，则由第一开关组件210的控制器件控制第一开 关组件210的被控器件断开。当第一接口JP1的电压低于第二接口JP2的电压时，则由第一开关组件220的控制器件控制第一开关组件220的被控器件断开。无论是哪个开关组件的控制器件断开，整个开关电路都不再从外部交流电源获取能量。由于稳压电路400具备一定的储能功能，此时，由稳压电路400继续向负载供电，维持负载运转。
上述实施例中，通过设置第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220，不同开关组件的控制器件，分别在交流电压的正半周和负半周控制对应被控器件断开，实现限压功能，则无需选择具有双向导通功能的控制器件，有利于提高开关电路器件选型的灵活性。
进一步的，在一个实施例中，当开关组件200的数量为多个时，多个开关组件的被控器件串联后，再与保护器件500并联。请继续参考图3，当开关组件200包括第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220时，则第一开关组件210的被控器件和第二开关组件220的被控器件串联后，再与保护组件500并联。将第一开关组件210的被控器件与保护组件500连接的一端作为第一端，第二开关组件220的被控器件与保护组件500连接的一端作为第二端，保护组件500用于泄放第一端和第二端之间的瞬间高电压。
在一个实施例中，请参考图4，第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220为双向常闭型光耦。双向常闭型光耦的发射部作为控制器件，接收部作为被控器件。限流组件100的一端连接交流电源的第一接口JP1，另一端依次通过第二双向常闭型光耦的接收部和第一双向常闭型光耦的接收部连接整流电路300的第一交流侧；第一双向常闭型光耦的发射部和第二双向常闭型光耦的发射部分别与限流组件100并联。
其中，第一双向常闭型光耦的接收部包括串联的MOS管M1和MOS管M2，同样的，第二双向常闭型光耦的接收部包括串联的MOS管M3和MOS管M4。MOS管是指金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，是一种可以广泛使用在模拟电路与数字电路的场效晶体管。依照其工作载流子的极性不同，MOS管可分为“N型”与“P型”的两种类型，通常又称为NMOS管与PMOS管。下面以限流组件100为限流电阻R1，双向常闭型光耦的发射部为发光二极管，接收部为NMOS 管，且第一双向常闭型光耦的发光二极管D1的阳极连接交流电源的第一接口JP1为例，简要介绍第一双向常闭型光耦和第二双向常闭型光耦的连接方式和工作过程。
具体的，请参考图4，MOS管M1的漏极连接整流电路300的第一交流侧；MOS管M1的栅极连接MOS管M2的栅极；MOS管M1的源极连接MOS管M2的源极；MOS管M2的漏极连接MOS管M3的漏极；MOS管M3的栅极连接MOS管M4的栅极；MOS管M3的源极连接MOS管M4的源极；MOS管M4的漏极连接限流电阻R1远离交流电源第一接口JP1的一端。发光二极管D1的阳极连接交流电源的第一接口JP1，发光二极管D2与发光二极管D1反相并联。
当交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，发光二极管D1和发光二极管D2均不发光，此时，MOS管M1、MOS管M2、MOS管M3和MOS管M4的连接通道导通。整流电路300的交流输入侧依次通过MOS管M1、MOS管M2、MOS管M3和MOS管M4和限流电阻R1接入交流电源，整流电路300将交流转换成直流后，经过稳压电路400进行储能和稳压处理后，对负载供电。
当交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，当第一接口JP1的电压高于第二接口JP2的电压时，则瞬间高电压将发光二极管D1导通，控制MOS管M1和MOS管M2断开。当第一接口JP1的电压低于第二接口JP2的电压时，则瞬间高电压将发光二极管D2导通，控制MOS管M3和MOS管M4断开。无论是哪个双向常闭型光耦的接收部断开，整个开关电路都不再从外部交流电源获取能量。由于稳压电路400具备一定的储能功能，此时，由稳压电路400继续向负载供电，维持负载运转。双向常闭型光耦的接收部形成断路后，光耦中发光二极管导通电流减小到零，致使发光二极管不发光，从而双向常闭型光耦恢复导通状态，若此时交流电源的输出电压依然大于或等于预设的临界值，开关电路又进入断路状态。如此重复，使得在交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，交流输入无法通过整流后抬高整流电路的直流侧电压，从而使直流电压维持在一定的电压范围内，达到限流取能效果。
上述实施例中，第一开关组件210和第二开关组件220为双向常闭型光耦， 双向常闭型光耦的高性能和低成本，可以降低开关电路的成本，提升电路性能。此外，光耦中发光二极管控制MOS管通断具有延时特性，可形成一定能量收集的迟滞缓冲效应。两个双向常闭型光耦对交流输入正、负半周分别限制，由限流电阻的压降与光耦中的发光二极管的导通压降的大小关系，决定发光二极管是否发光。整个开关电路的通流能力，取决于双向常闭型光耦中二极管的导通电流以及并联的限流电阻流过的电流。通过调整限流电阻的电阻值可以调整开关电路的启动速度以及限流能力，在满足负载供能需要的同时避免因取能过度引起器件发热，有利于提高器件的使用寿命。
在一个实施例中，请继续参考图4，保护组件500为TVS二极管D3，该TVS二极管D3的阴极连接整流电路300的第一交流侧。具体的，TVS二极管一种二极管形式的高效能保护器件。当TVS二极管的两极受到反向瞬态高能量冲击时，它能以皮秒量级的速度，将其两极间的高阻抗变为低阻抗，吸收高达数千瓦的浪涌功率，使两极间的电压箝位于一个预定值，有效地保护电子线路中的精密元器件，免受各种浪涌脉冲的损坏。TVS二极管具有响应速度快、瞬态功率大、漏电流低、击穿电压偏差小、箝位电压较易控制、无损坏极限、体积小等优点，使用TVS二极管作为保护组件，有利于提高电路性能。
在一个实施例中，整流电路为全桥整流电路或半桥整流电路。
具体的，整流电路根据功能划分，包括全波整流和半波整流。全波整流是指整流过程中交流波形会先转变成同一极性再进行整流，即全部输入波形的都会形成输出。半波整流是指在整流过程中，交流波形的正半周或负半周其中之一会被消除，只有一半的输入波形会形成输出。因此，全波整流的能量利用率优于半波整流，半波整流的优势则是电路简单。根据负载的需要，再综合考虑成本、效能、稳定性，可以选择不同类型的整流电路。
需要指出的是，全桥整流电路和半桥整流电路都可以实现全波整流。具体的，全桥整流电路的整流桥一般包括四个二极管，每一个二极管是电桥的一个臂，首尾相接构成一个环，输入与输出不能对换。而半桥整流电路的整流桥只需要使用两个二极管，这两个二极管的输出端相连，输入端则分别连接变压器的两端。
在一个实施例中，整流电路为倍压整流电路。
其中，倍压整流电路由反峰电压较高的二极管和耐压较高的电容组成，利用二极管的整流和导引作用，将电压分别贮存到各自的电容上，然后把它们按极性相加的原理串接起来，输出高于输入电压的高压来。通过倍压整流电路的整流功能，可以输出高出输入电压整数倍的输出电压。按输出电压是输入电压的多少倍，倍压整流电路分为二倍压、三倍压与多倍压整流电路。当负载满足低电流高电压的需求时，可以使用倍压整流电路进行整流后再对负载供电。
上述实施例中，根据负载的特性选择不同类型的整流电路，有利于扩展开关电路的应用场景。
在一个实施例中，该稳压电路为线性稳压器。
其中，线性稳压器是指使用在其线性区域内运行的晶体管或场效应管，从前端电路的输入电压中减去超额的电压，产生经过调节的输出电压输出至负载的稳压电路。其工作原理与反向放大电路相同。线性稳压器的突出优点是具有较低的成本，较低的噪声和静态电流。它的外围器件也很少，通常只有一两个旁路电容。进一步的，该线性稳压器包括场效应管。使用场效应管的的线性稳压器可以实现更优的电器性能：一方面，场效应管不需要基极电流驱动，所以大大降低了器件本身的电流；另一方面，在采用晶体管的结构中，为了防止晶体管进入饱和状态降低输出能力，必须保证较大的输入输出压差，而场效应管的压差大致等于输出电流与其导通电阻的乘积，极小的导通电阻使其压差非常低。
上述实施例中，使用线性稳压器作为稳压电路，由于直流稳压器一般采用小型封装，有利于降低开关电路的体积，降低成本。另外，线性稳压器还具有出色的性能，并且提供热过载保护、安全限流等增值特性，关断模式还能大幅降低功耗。
在一个实施例中，该稳压电路为直流变换器。
直流变换器是将一种直流电源变换成另一种具有不同输出特性的直流电源的电子器件。直流变换器通过控制开关管，再经电容、电感等储能滤波元件将输入的直流电压变换为符合负载要求的直流电压或电流。直流变换器按照电路拓扑可以分为基本的不带隔离变压器的直流变换器和带隔离变压器的直流变换器。根据电路结构及功能的不同，又可以分为降压变换器、升压变换器、升降压变换 器和丘克变换器。本实施例对直流变换器的具体类别和电路构成不作限定。
上述实施例中，使用直流变换器，通过对器件的快速通、断控制而把恒定直流电压斩成一系列的脉冲电压，通过控制占空比的变化来改变这一脉冲系列的脉冲宽度，以实现输出电压平均值的调节，再经输出滤波器滤波，向被控负载输出可控的直流电能，有利于保持负载供电的稳定性，延长负载的使用寿命。
在一个实施例中，请参考图5，该稳压电路400包括储能组件401和稳压组件402。该储能组件401连接整流电路300的直流侧和稳压组件402；该稳压组件402用于连接负载。
具体的，该储能组件401可以是储能电容、储能电池或其他具备储能功能的电子元器件，总之，本实施例对储能组件401的具体组成部分不作限定。当开关组件200的被控器件202闭合时，外部交流电源在向负载供电的同时对储能组件401充电；当开关组件200的被控器件202断开时，由储能组件401释放存储的电量，并通过稳压组件402稳压处理后向负载供电。
上述实施例中，通过在稳压电路400中设置储能组件401和稳压组件402，在开关组件200的被控器件断开时，由储能组件401向负载供电，有利于维持负载的稳定运行，提高负载性能的稳定性。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种供电设备，包括上述任意实施例中的开关电路。
关于开关电路的具体限定可以参见上文，在此不再赘述。
具体的，该供电设备可以是供电插座，包括供电接口和上述任意开关电路，负载的供电线连接供电接口，再通过开关电路接入交流电源。该供电设备还可以是供电箱，包括插头、箱体、插孔和上述任意开关电路，其中插孔和开关电路设置于箱体内，插头、开关电路和插孔一次连接，插头用于接入交流电源，插孔用于接入负载。可以理解，供电箱可以包括多组插孔，对应的，可以包括多组开关电路，这些开关电路的设置可以相同也可以不同，用于匹配不同的负载需求。总之，本实施例对供电设备的具体类型和构成不作限定。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种电器设备，包括负载和上述供电设备。
关于供电设备的具体限定可以参见上文，在此不再赘述。该电器设备，可以是配网设备，也可以是其他电器设备。该电器设备的负载通过供电设备接入交流 电源。
具体的，当交流电源的输出电压小于临界值时，开关组件的控制器件控制开关组件的被控器件闭合。此时，整流电路的交流侧通过开关组件的被控器件和限流组件接入交流电源，整流电路将交流转换成直流后，经过稳压电路进行储能和稳压处理后，对负载供电。
当交流电源的输出电压大于或等于临界值时，开关组件的控制器件控制开关组件的被控器件断开，整个开关电路不再从外部交流电源获取能量。由于稳压电路包括稳压电容，具备一定的储能功能，此时，由稳压电路继续向负载供电，维持负载运转。
当交流电源的输出电压再次低于临界值时，开关组件的控制器件控制开关组件的被控器件闭合，整流电路的交流侧再次接入交流电源，开关电路直接从交流电源获取能量，向负载供电。
上述过程不断重复，使得整流电路的直流电压维持在一定的电压范围内，达到自动调整取能大小的效果，可以保持负载供电的稳定性，有利于提高能量的利用率。此外，通过调整限流组件的电路结构，可以调整开关电路的限流能力，在满足负载功能的同时防止取能过量引起的器件发热问题，有利于提高安全性，增长器件的使用寿命。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上该实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种开关电路，其特征在于，包括限流组件、开关组件、整流电路和稳压电路；所述开关组件包括控制器件和被控器件；
    所述限流组件的一端连接交流电源的第一接口，所述限流组件的另一端通过所述开关组件的被控器件连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧；所述开关组件的控制器件与所述限流组件并联；
    所述整流电路的第二交流侧连接所述交流电源的第二接口；
    所述整流电路的直流侧连接所述稳压电路；
    所述稳压电路用于连接负载；
    所述开关组件的控制器件用于在所述交流电源的输出电压大于或等于预设的临界值时，控制所述开关组件的被控器件断开；所述开关组件的控制器件还用于在所述交流电源的输出电压小于预设的临界值时，控制所述开关组件的被控器件闭合，将所述交流电源接入至所述整流电路的交流侧；所述稳压电路根据所述整流电路的直流侧输出的直流电进行储能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述限流组件为分流电阻。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述开关组件包括第一开关组件和第二开关组件；
    所述限流组件的一端连接所述交流电源的第一接口，另一端依次通过所述第二开关组件的被控器件和所述第一开关组件的被控器件连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧；所述第一开关组件的控制器件和所述第二开关组件的控制器件分别与所述限流组件并联。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述第一开关组件和所述第二开关组件为双向常闭型光耦。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电路，其特征在于，还包括保护组件；
    所述保护组件与所述开关组件的被控器件并联。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述保护组件为TVS二极管；所述TVS二极管的阴极连接所述整流电路的第一交流侧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述整流电路为全桥整 流电路、半桥整流电路或倍压整流电路。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的开关电路，其特征在于，所述稳压电路为线性稳压器或直流变换器。
  9. 一种供电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的开关电路。
  10. 一种电器设备，其特征在于，包括负载和如权利要求9所述的供电设备。
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