WO2022146353A1

WO2022146353A1 - Hydraulic rock breaker with anti-blank firing system

Info

Publication number: WO2022146353A1
Application number: PCT/TR2021/051462
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tijen ALKAN; Mehmet Inan ALKAN; Aydogan KODAK
Original assignee: Inan Makina Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi
Priority date: 2020-12-31
Filing date: 2021-12-22
Publication date: 2022-07-07
Also published as: EP4204197A1; WO2022146353A4

Abstract

A hydraulic breaker, which is an equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces, and characterized in that; including, - cylinder (100) with at least one hole (102) that allows the pressurized oil (Y) to enter the signal control channel (111) on the piston (110) from the oil inlet (I) side, and whose angle and diameter values can change according to the power and/or size of the hydraulic breaker and - piston (110) having at least one signal control channel (111) with a width greater than the distance betten the lower point of the drain hole (91) and the upper point of the hole (102) to ensure that the piston (110) is not triggered for preventing damage to the tool retainers (140), piston (110) and the cylinder (100) during breaking if there is no object to break in front of the said tool (160), before the impact energy generated through the piston (110) is transferred to the tool (160).

Description

Hydraulic Rock Breaker with Anti-Blank Firing System

Technical Field

The invention relates to hydraulic breakers, which are equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces.

Prior Art

Hydraulic rock breakers are the equipment used to break large rocks into smaller pieces in different environments such as underwater, marble quarries, tunnel works. Hydraulic rock breakers are equipment that works by attaching to a carrier machine (backhoe loader, mini excavator, excavator, etc.).

Working in accordance with the hydraulic working principles, the hydraulic breaker uses the low hydraulic oil flow in the excavator's system to increase it to a very high pressure. It carries out the breaking process by transferring the pressure obtained here to the piston and from there to the tool.

In the prior art, there are two types of hydraulic breakers. These are internal valve type (full hydraulic breaker) and external valve type (back head gas type). Both types of hydraulic rock breakers basically consist of main components such as cylinder, piston and front head.

The piston in hydraulic breakers converts kinetic energy into impact energy. Both external and internal valve type hydraulic breakers have a front head to hold the body of the hammer and a rear gas chamber or accumulator containing nitrogen gas to perform the breaking.

A hydraulic breaker that prevents idling is mentioned in the Korean patent coded KR101472909B1 in the prior art. Said breaker relates to a hydraulic breaker with a no-load impact buffering structure, in which the shock is buffered and attenuated when a blow comes to the chisel in this structure, and then creates a blank impact as an oil cushioning reaction due to the oil pressure provided. Hydraulic breaker comprises a piston placed in a cylinder and a tool that breaks an object to be crushed, such as a rock, ground or the like. A gas and hydraulic pressure type breaker is mentioned in the current utility model document numbered KR200253891 Y1 in the prior art. The said breaker can be used for concrete breaking, rock breaking, soft rock breaking etc. It relates to a structure mounted on heavy equipment to perform operations and, more particularly, developed with easy control of flow rate and hydraulic pressure and fast response speed.

Hydraulic breakers shatter the rock by transferring the impact energy generated when the piston hits the tool. If the impact energy is not transferred to the stone (rock), it stays in the breaker and damages the tool retainers, the piston and most importantly the cylinder over time. In the prior art, impact energy is generated whether there is an object to break in front of the tool or not.

In the hydraulic breaker systems of the prior art, the diaphragm in the accumulator contacts the lowest surface of the accumulator in each pressure explosion. Therefore, the life of the diaphragm is shortened. After a certain period of use, the diaphragm in the accumulator needs to be replaced. This situation causes the hydraulic breaker not to be used for a certain period of time, even if there is no problem with other parts of the hydraulic breaker. Accumulators in the prior art have high maintenance costs and low efficiency since they are not used for a certain period of time.

Purpose of the Invention

The purpose of the invention is to obtain a hydraulic breaker that ensures that the piston (110) is not triggered in order to prevent damage to the tool retainers (140), piston (110) and cylinder (100) during breaking, if there is no object to break in front of the said tool (160), before the impact energy generated through the piston (110) is transferred to the tool (160),

Another aim of the invention is to obtain a hydraulic breaker with increased durability, performance and power.

Another aim of the invention is to obtain a long-lasting hydraulic breaker.

Hydraulic breaker developed to realize the mentioned purposes is characterized in that including a cylinder (100) with at least one hole (102) that allows the Pressurized oil ( Y) to enter the signal control channel ( 111 ) on the pi ston (110) from the oil inlet (I) side, and whose angle and diameter values can change according to the power and/or size of the hydraulic breaker and piston (110) having at least one signal control channel (111) with a width greater than the distance between the lower point of the drain hole (91) and the upper point of the hole (102). Description of Figures

Attached Figure - 1 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the high-pressure oil enters the system and the piston starts to rise.

Figure-2 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the piston moves down with the position change of the main control valve.

Figure-3 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the piston continues to move down.

Figure-4 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the piston hits the tool with the position change of the main control valve.

Figure-5 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the anti-blank firing feature is activated and the movement stops.

Figure-6 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker when the tool pushes the piston up and the movement continues again.

Figure-7 is the top view of the piston.

Figure-8 is the side section view of the cylinder.

Figure-9 is the bottom section view of the cylinder.

Figure- 10 is the top section view of the cylinder.

Figure- 11 is the cross-sectional view of the bolted hole.

Figure-12 is the cross-sectional view of the boltless hole.

Figure- 13 is the side half-section view of the lower part of the hydraulic breaker.

Figure-14 is the cross-sectional view of the hydraulic breaker from the reverse side when the anti-blank firing feature is activated and the movement stops.

Figure- 15 is the cross-sectional view of the boltless hole.

Figure- 16 is the cross-sectional view of the bolted hole.

Figure- 17 is the workflow of the movement of the piston. The main parts expressed in the figures are given below as numbers and names.

(10) Accumulator

(I I) Diaphragm

(20) Valve housing

(30) Check valve

(40) Operating pressure control valve

(50) Control A

(60) Control B

(70) Main control valve

(80) Seal housing

(90) Drain line

(91) Drain hole

(100) Cylinder

(101) Piston clearance

(102) Hole

(110) Piston

(I I I) Signal control channel

(120) Front head

(130) Thrust ring

(140) Tool Retainer

(150) Lower bushing

(160) Tool

(170) Setscrew bolt

(180) Blind plug

(190) Upper bushing

(200) Bottom buffer

(Y) Pressurized oil

(N) Nitrogen gas

I : Oil inlet

O : Oil outlet

K : Rock a : Angle of setscrew bolt hole t : Slot width k : Distance between hole and drain hole Detailed Explanation of the Invention

The invention relates to hydraulic breakers, which are equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces. Hydraulic breaker includes accumulator (10), valve housing (20), check valve (30), operating pressure control valve (40), control A (50), control B (60), main control valve (70), seal housing (80), drain line (90), cylinder (100), front head (120), thrust ring (130), tool retainer (1 0) and lower bush (150). It also includes a piston (110) moving in said cylinder (100) and a tool (160) moving within the front head (120). There is a piston clearance (101) between the cylinder (100) and the piston (110), which enables the piston (110) to move up and down.

The hydraulic breaker, which is the subject of the invention, is manufactured with a completely box body (closed chassis) or open frame (open chassis) in order to protect its parts from external factors and various impacts and at the same time to ensure that they last for a long time.

To further protect the excavator, the hydraulic breaker has top buffer on the top it which acts as a suspension absorbing all mechanical energies and recoil forces. In addition, the top buffer protects the components of the rock breaker. In the lower part, bottom buffer (200) are used to protect the mentioned hydraulic breaker from vibration.

The accumulator (10) in the rock breaker, which is the subject of the invention, is used to regenerate the pressure resulting from the generation of impact energy. Pressurized oil (Y) and nitrogen gas (N) are located in the accumulator (10). With the mentioned pressurized oil (Y) and nitrogen gas (N), the impact energy is created over and over.

The piston (110) in the hydraulic breaker moves up and down in the cylinder (100). Said movement starts with taking the pressurized oil (Y) into the system via the oil inlet (I). The movement of the piston (110) is as follows, respectively:

Taking the pressurized oil (Y) into the system via the oil inlet (I) in the valve housing (20) and the piston (110) moving upwards (S1000),

- Downward movement of the piston (110) with the position change of the main control valve (70) (S2000),

- Piston (110) continues to move downwards until it hits the tool (160) (S3000),

- With the main control valve (70) changing its position again, the piston (110) hitting the tool (160) (S4000), If there is no breakable object in front of the tool (160); sending the pressurized oil (Y) over the hole (102) to the drain hole (91) in the cylinder (100), from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90), from the said drain line (90) to the oil outlet (O) and activation of the anti-blank firing and stopping the movement of the tool (160) (S5000),

Another breakable piece comes in front of the tool (160), and the tool (160) pushes the piston (110) up and the movement repeats (S6000).

Nitrogen gas (N) must be higher than the operating pressure in order to activate the anti-blank firing and stopping the movement of the tool (160) (5000). This process depends on the oil flow and the diameter of the hole (102). The angle and diameter values of the said hole (102) vary according to the power and/or size of the hydraulic breaker. For a higher powered hydraulic breaker, the diameter of the hole (102) is larger. The hole (102) is shown as the “D” region on figure -15.

The diameter and angle values (a) of the hole (102) are calculated taking into account the power of the hydraulic breaker and other factors. More oil passes through a hole (102) in a larger diameter than it should be. More oil pass also causes the anti-blank firing feature not to work. In the same way, enough oil cannot pass through the hole (102) that is left in a smaller diameter than it should be. Since enough oil will not be able to pass through, the anti-blank firing feature will not work again. There is a special ratio between the power of the hydraulic breaker and the hole (102). The mentioned ratio is determined by calculating many other factors besides the breaker power.

After a certain amount of oil reaches the “B” region shown in Figure-14, the antiblank firing feature starts to work. The amount of oil coming to the "B" region creates an open working area in the "C" region.

In the hydraulic breaker, which is the subject of the invention, if there is no object to break in front of the tool (160), before the impact energy generated by the piston (110) is transferred to the tool (160), impact energy is prevented from staying on the breaker and damaging the parts by sending the pressurized oil (Y) from the drain line (90) in the cylinder (100) to the oil outlet (O) before the energy is generated through sensing the case that the piston (110) is not triggered. The movement of the oil expressed here is shown by the arrows in figure-5.

The piston (110) in the hydraulic breaker is positioned inside the cylinder (100). Pressurized oil (Y) must pass from the side where the oil inlet (I) is to the side where the oil outlet (O) is in order for the anti-blank firing feature to activate. Since, the drain line (90) on the cylinder (100) is on the side where the oil outlet (O) is. The pressurized oil (Y) must pass over the piston (110) in the middle in order to make the said movement. There is a signal control channel (111) on the piston (110) for the pressurized oil (Y) to move to the drain line (90).

The drain line (90) on the cylinder (100) connects with the piston (110) through the drain hole (91). If there is no object to break in front of the tool (160), the pressurized oil (Y) on the side of the oil inlet (I) passes through the hole (102) and enters the drain hole (91) through the signal control channel (111). The pressurized oil (Y) transmitted from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90) is transmitted to the oil outlet (O) from there. In order for the said transmission to take place, that is, for the anti -blank firing feature to work, the signal control channel (111) on the piston (110) and the drain hole (91) and the hole (102) on the cylinder (100) must be compatible.

There is a relationship between the signal control channel (111), the drain hole (91) and the hole (102). At the same time, the drain hole (91) corresponds to the upper part of the signal control channel (111). In this way, if there is no object to break in front of the tool (160), pressurized oil (Y) is transferred from the hole (102) to the signal control channel (111), from the signal control channel (111) to the drain hole (91), from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90) moves to the oil outlet (O) from the drain line (90). With the said movement, the pressure of the upper part of the piston (110) is prevented from increasing and the impact energy is not produced.

While the signal control channel (111) has the dimension "t", it has the dimension "k" between the lower point of the drain hole (91) and the upper point of the hole (102). The “t” dimension is bigger than the “k” dimension. In this way, the pressurized oil (Y) coming out of the hole (102) passes through the signal control channel (111) and exits the drain hole (91).

The breaking process in the hydraulic breaker, which is the subject of the invention, begins with the opening of the check valve (30), which allows high pressure oil (Y) from the excavator to enter the chamber through the oil inlet (I) line.

Pressurized oil (Y) entering from the oil inlet (I) passes to the lower part of the cylinder (100) by directing the valve group and moves the piston (110) upwards. The movement here is provided by the fact that the pressure of the lower part of the piston (110) is higher than the pressure of the upper part.

While the upward movement of the piston (110) continues, the drain line (90) located at the top of the cylinder (100) opens and the hydraulic oil (Y) passes back to the oil outlet (O) from there. The upward moving piston (110) compresses the nitrogen gas (N). When the trapped nitrogen gas (N) reaches its breaking point, it creates an explosion of pressure. The piston (110) is forced down by the force generated by the pressure explosion. The upper pressure being bigger than the lower pressure moves the main control valve (70) within the valve spools.

The drain line (90) opens with the movement of the main control valve (70). From the opened drain line (90), pressurized oil (Y) fills under the accumulator (10) and causes the diaphragm (11) inside the said accumulator (10) to swell upwards. The diaphragm (11) provides the separation of nitrogen gas (N) and oil (Y). The diaphragm (11) has a flexible structure.

The diaphragm (11) swells until the nitrogen gas (N) in the diaphragm (11) reaches the breaking point, and finally a pressure explosion occurs. High pressure is applied to the piston (110) with an explosion of pressure. All of the generated pressure is transmitted to the tool (160) of the breaker through the piston (110). The tool (160) striking the rock (K) shatters the rock (K) with a high impact. If there is no rock (K) or any object to break in front of the tool (160), the anti -blank firing feature is activated.

With the pressure explosion of nitrogen gas (N), the diaphragm (11) moves towards the lower point of the accumulator (10). However, said diaphragm (11) does not touch the lowest point of the accumulator (10). The distance between the diaphragm (11) and the lowest point of the accumulator (10) is shown in the figure-14 as the “A” region. The diaphragm (11) meets the lowest point of the accumulator (10) by means that the pressurized oil (Y) is discharged to the signal control channel (111) through the hole (102) and from the signal control channel (111) to the drain hole (91), from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90). The life of the diaphragm (11), which does not come into contact with the accumulator (10), is extended. Therefore, the life of the accumulator (10), which is a closed system, is also extended.

The hole (102) is closed from the outside with a blind plug (180). When necessary, the blind plug (180) can be removed and the hole (102) can be intervened from the outside. In addition, if the anti-blank firing feature is not desired to be used, the blind plug (180) can be removed and the setscrew bolt (170) can be placed in the hole (102). By placing the setscrew bolt (170) in the hole (102), the pressurized oil (Y) cannot pass to the drain line (90) and its anti-blank firing is not activated.

A hydraulic breaker, which is an equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces, and characterized in that; including,

- cylinder (100) with at least one hole (102) that allows the pressurized oil (Y) to enter the signal control channel (111) on the piston (110) from the oil inlet (I) side, and whose angle and diameter values can change according to the power and/or size of the hydraulic breaker and

- piston (110) having at least one signal control channel (111) with a width greater than the distance between the lower point of the drain hole (91) and the upper point of the hole (102) to ensure that the piston (110) is not triggered for preventing damage to the tool retainers (140), piston (110) and the cylinder (100) during breaking if there is no object to break in front of the said tool (160), before the impact energy generated through the piston (110) is transferred to the tool (160).

Claims

C L A I M S A hydraulic breaker, which is an equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces, and characterized in that; including,

- piston (110) having at least one signal control channel (111) with a width greater than the distance between the lower point of the drain hole (91) and the upper point of the hole (102) to ensure that the piston (110) is not triggered for preventing damage to the tool retainers (140), piston (110) and cylinder (100) during breaking, if there is no object to break in front of the said tool (160), before the impact energy generated through the piston (110) is transferred to the tool (160). A method for hydraulic breaker, which is an equipment used to break large rocks or any object that is desired to be broken into smaller pieces and characterized in that;

- Moving the pressurized oil (Y) into the system via the oil inlet (I) in the valve housing (20) and the piston (110) moving upwards (S1000),

- Piston (110) continuing to move downwards until it hits the tool (160) (S3000),

- Piston (110) hitting the tool (160) with the main control valve (70) changing its position again (S4000),

- Sending the pressurized oil (Y) over the hole (102) to the drain hole (91) in the cylinder (100), from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90), from the said drain line (90) to the oil outlet (O) and activation of the anti-blank firing feature and stopping the movement of the tool (160), if there is no breakable object in front of the tool (160) (S5000),

- Another breakable piece coming in front of the tool (160), and the tool (160) pushing the piston (110) up and the movement repeating (S6000). . A hole (102) mentioned in any one of the above claims and characterized in that; including a blind plug (180) that allows intervention when necessary.

4. A hole (102) mentioned in any one of the above claims and characterized in that; including a setscrew bolt (170) that does not allow the pressurized oil (Y) to pass into the drain line (90) in cases where it is not desired to use the anti-blank firing feature.

5. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including an accumulator (10) that enables the pressure resulting from the generation of impact energy to be regenerated again and again.

6. An accumulator (10) mentioned in the Claim 5 and characterized in that; including a diaphragm (11) that separates the nitrogen gas (N) and pressurized oil (Y) from each other, which inflates when necessary and increases the pressure of the oil coming from the excavator and transmits it to the breaker.

7. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims and characterized in that; some pressurized oil (Y) is transferred to the signal control channel (111) via the hole (102) from the signal control channel (111) to the drain hole (91), from the drain hole (91) to the drain line (90) in order to prevent the diaphragm (11) from contacting the lowest surface of the accumulator (10) after the compressed nitrogen gas (N) creates a pressure explosion when it reaches the breaking point.

8. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including at least one top buffer on its upper part, which absorbs all mechanical energies and recoil forces and acts as a suspension.

9. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including at least one bottom buffer (200) to protect the breaker from the vibration that occurs at the time of breaking.

10. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including a check valve (30) that allows the high- pressure oil (Y) from the excavator to enter the chamber through the oil inlet (I) line.

11. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including pressurized oil (Y) that passes to the lower part of the cylinder (100) by guiding the valve group and ensures that the pressure of the said lower part is higher than the pressure of the upper part and thus moves the piston (110) upwards. 12. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including an oil drain line (90) ensuring that the pressurized hydraulic oil (Y) is sent back to the oil outlet (O) while the piston (110) continues to move upwards. 13. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including nitrogen gas (N) inside the diaphragm (11), which inflates the diaphragm (11) until it reaches the breaking point and applies high pressure to the piston (110) by providing the last pressure explosion.

14. A hydraulic breaker mentioned in any one of the above claims, and characterized in that; including the piston clearance (101) that is located between the cylinder (100) and the piston (110) and allows the piston (110) to move up and down.