WO2022146334A1 - Nouveau procédé de traitement thermique pour produire des matériaux ayant subi une trempe bainitique à surface dure - Google Patents

Nouveau procédé de traitement thermique pour produire des matériaux ayant subi une trempe bainitique à surface dure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022146334A1
WO2022146334A1 PCT/TR2021/051339 TR2021051339W WO2022146334A1 WO 2022146334 A1 WO2022146334 A1 WO 2022146334A1 TR 2021051339 W TR2021051339 W TR 2021051339W WO 2022146334 A1 WO2022146334 A1 WO 2022146334A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
materials
austempered
heat treatment
hard
hard surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/TR2021/051339
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hasan HASIRCI
Original Assignee
Gazi Universitesi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gazi Universitesi filed Critical Gazi Universitesi
Publication of WO2022146334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022146334A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/58—Oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat treatment method in which austempered materials with high surface hardness can be produced.
  • austempered materials are produced by austempering heat treatment by martempering and tempering in a salt bath at 250-450 °C for 30-250 minutes.
  • austempering heat treatment by martempering and tempering in a salt bath at 250-450 °C for 30-250 minutes.
  • Another application form of this heat treatment is the two-step austempering heat treatment.
  • ausferritic or bainitic materials with similar structures and properties are produced.
  • Cast iron and steel materials can be made abrasion resistant by martempering.
  • martempering the toughness and ductility properties of the material deteriorate far too much. For these reasons, production by martempering is utilized for limited conditions.
  • austempered material with a harder and abrasion resistant surface For the purpose of producing austempered material with a harder and abrasion resistant surface, after the austempering heat treatment, surface hardening is performed with different methods (flame, induction, thermomechanical, etc.) and materials with hard surface can be produced. However, in this method, the materials are first subjected to austempering heat treatment. Then, the surfaces of the austempered materials are somehow heated and then martempered.
  • this process requires heat treatment, it causes both increase in time and cost, structural deterioration or negativities (perlitic intermediate stage, which should not be between outer and inner microstructures, coarsening phases in austempered structure, residual austenite, untransformed austenite, etc.) in the austempered structure during the heating of the surface and after martempering, and the formation of inhomogeneities before and after the surface hardening process in parts with thickness differences or complex shapes.
  • Iron-based materials with high hardness properties are produced by martempering heat treatment. This process consists of first austenitizing under suitable processing conditions, then martempering (in water, oil, air, etc.) and finally tempering. As a result of the martempering process, a martensitic structure is produced in both the surface and internal structure of iron alloys. Therefore, the material with high hardness due to the martensitic structure is also brittle. Because the martensitic structure reduces the toughness. The working life of these heat-treated materials is shortened as cracking and breaking occur due to high stresses.
  • Desired hardness values cannot be achieved in terms of abrasion resistance on the surfaces of austempered materials. Because as a result of austempering, 25-45 HRc hardness can be obtained depending on the chemical composition of the material and process conditions, while 40-65 HRc hardness can be obtained as a result of martempering. Therefore, either coating is made using different methods or secondary surface hardening heat treatments have to be applied.
  • the invention relates to a steel quenching and hardening system that includes a liquid (oil) filled tank in which the material to be hardened is positioned, a pump motor that provides liquid transfer into the said tank by means of transport pipes, characterized in that it comprises a speed controller connected to the motor without the need of using a butterfly valve between said pump and the tank.
  • a method for producing a selectively surface hardened cast iron part includes the steps of heating the part to a desired austempering temperature of between about 450 ° F and about 800 ° F until the entire cast iron part possesses the desired austempering temperature substantially uniformly throughout it.
  • the method comprises producing a cast iron part that has a selectively surface-hardened, and the interior of the cast iron part remains substantially unhardened and unheated above the austempering temperature.
  • the invention that is the subject of the application comprises an austempered heat treatment method that can shorten the heat treatment time and accordingly, reduce energy consumption by partially austempering only a desired part of the work by heat treatment.
  • the method comprises shortening the heat treatment time by allowing the austempering heat treatment to be carried out locally only on a desired portion, thereby consuming energy.
  • Austempered materials are preferred due to their superior properties in studies carried out in the state of the art. However, the surface hardness of these materials is insufficient. It is necessary to produce materials with high mechanical properties (tensile strength, toughness, ductility and hardness, etc.) and high resistance to abrasion.
  • the present invention relates to a heat treatment method in which austempered material with high surface hardness can be produced.
  • the most important object of the present invention is to enable the surface hardening process to be performed while the austempering process is performed.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for a secondary surface hardening process for materials whose surface should be hard during heat treatment.
  • Another aim of the invention is to produce a material with a hard surface on the outer structure and an ausferritic or bainitic structure, which causes higher toughness in the internal structure.
  • Figure 1 is the drawing that illustrates a graphical view of the process steps of the method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the drawing that illustrates the view of the hard surfaces and the internal structure with high toughness of the cast irons to which the method according to the present the invention is applied.
  • Figure 3 is the drawing that illustrates the view of the surfaces and the internal structure with high toughness of the steels, to which the method according to the present invention is applied.
  • the present invention relates to a heat treatment method in which austempered materials with high surface hardness can be produced.
  • Austempered materials are preferred due to their superior properties. However, the surface hardness of these materials is insufficient. There is always a need for austempered materials and a material with high toughness with a hard surface, which is a combination of martempered materials with much higher hardness. However, under current conditions such materials can be produced in two or more processes. This new heat treatment has been developed in order to produce materials, surfaces of which hard austempered with a single heat treatment without the need for additional processes and costs. As a result of this new process, it is possible to produce a hard surface material. The method according to the present invention enables the production of materials with a hard surface and tough internal structure or the desired region with this feature.
  • austenitizing the material at 850-900°C for 30-90 minutes 110.
  • ausferritic structure consisting of austenite and ferrite in cast irons or bainitic structure consisting of carbide and ferrite in steels is obtained.
  • austenitization After austenitization (110), it comprises the process steps of being placed in the rapid cooling environment (water, salt water, ice water, oil, etc. depending on the desired hardness) for a short time (1 -10 seconds depending on the desired hard layer thickness) (120) for only the material surface to harden, after placing in the rapid cooling environment (120), tempering at 250-450°C for 30-240 minutes (130).
  • the rapid cooling environment water, salt water, ice water, oil, etc. depending on the desired hardness
  • the surfaces of the materials is harder and more durable, and the internal structure is more tough and ductile, both abrasion resistant and impact resistant.
  • This method ensures that the properties that can be obtained from two heat treatments are obtained in a single process by only martempering the material surface, and with the applied process, materials in two different characteristics that can be obtained from two separate heat treatments are obtained, and thereby producing functional material.
  • the austenitized materials are tempered at a low temperature ( ⁇ 350 °C), a harder and more durable material with a lower ausferritic or bainitic structure can be produced, if they tempered at high temperature (>350 °C), a more tough and ductile material with upper ausferritic or bainitic structure can be produced. Both situations have their own faults.
  • austempered materials especially in parts where austempered materials are used intensively, such as gears, cranks, cams, carrier elements, excavator and crusher elements, etc., materials with both sufficient strength and hardness against abrasion, resistance against impacts and sufficient ductility can be produced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique dans lequel des matériaux ayant subi une trempe bainitique et présentant une dureté de surface élevée peuvent être produits.
PCT/TR2021/051339 2020-12-29 2021-12-03 Nouveau procédé de traitement thermique pour produire des matériaux ayant subi une trempe bainitique à surface dure WO2022146334A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2020/22197A TR202022197A1 (tr) 2020-12-29 2020-12-29 Sert yüzeyli östemperlenmiş malzeme üretmek için yeni ısıl işlem yöntemi.
TR2020/22197 2020-12-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022146334A1 true WO2022146334A1 (fr) 2022-07-07

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PCT/TR2021/051339 WO2022146334A1 (fr) 2020-12-29 2021-12-03 Nouveau procédé de traitement thermique pour produire des matériaux ayant subi une trempe bainitique à surface dure

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TR (1) TR202022197A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022146334A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11350066A (ja) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-21 Nkk Joko Kk 被削性に優れた熱間鍛造鋼部品の製造方法及びその部品並びにそれに用いる熱間圧延鋼材
WO2009045146A1 (fr) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Aktiebolaget Skf Procédé de traitement thermique pour un acier
GB2461351A (en) * 2007-12-24 2010-01-06 Ahlmann Aco Severin Process for Producing Components made from Austenitic-ferritic Cast Iron and such Components
US20150232969A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2015-08-20 Anatoly Alexeevich Kuznetsov Process For Heat Treatment of Parts Made From Low and Specified Hardenability Structural Steel
US20170138400A1 (en) * 2015-11-12 2017-05-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bainite hardened stack bearing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11350066A (ja) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-21 Nkk Joko Kk 被削性に優れた熱間鍛造鋼部品の製造方法及びその部品並びにそれに用いる熱間圧延鋼材
WO2009045146A1 (fr) * 2007-10-04 2009-04-09 Aktiebolaget Skf Procédé de traitement thermique pour un acier
GB2461351A (en) * 2007-12-24 2010-01-06 Ahlmann Aco Severin Process for Producing Components made from Austenitic-ferritic Cast Iron and such Components
US20150232969A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2015-08-20 Anatoly Alexeevich Kuznetsov Process For Heat Treatment of Parts Made From Low and Specified Hardenability Structural Steel
US20170138400A1 (en) * 2015-11-12 2017-05-18 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Bainite hardened stack bearing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CLARKE, A.J. ET AL.: "Perspectives on Quenching and Tempering 4340 Steel", METALL MATER TRANS A, vol. 51, 2020, pages 4984 - 5005, XP037240213, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://doi.org/10.1007/sl1661-020-05972-1> DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-05972-1 *

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