WO2022142469A1 - 一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及呼吸支持设备 - Google Patents

一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及呼吸支持设备 Download PDF

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WO2022142469A1
WO2022142469A1 PCT/CN2021/117963 CN2021117963W WO2022142469A1 WO 2022142469 A1 WO2022142469 A1 WO 2022142469A1 CN 2021117963 W CN2021117963 W CN 2021117963W WO 2022142469 A1 WO2022142469 A1 WO 2022142469A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure relief
diaphragm
relief valve
motor
pressure
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PCT/CN2021/117963
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English (en)
French (fr)
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戴征
曾棚
袁越阳
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湖南明康中锦医疗科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2022142469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022142469A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with a flowmeter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular relates to a pressure relief valve, a breathing support device air circuit and a breathing support device.
  • Respiratory support equipment (such as ventilator) is an instrument used to replace or assist human respiratory function. It is suitable for artificial respiration in patients with respiratory failure or even stopped breathing. It is an important tool to save the lives of some critically ill patients. , It has been widely used in the medical field and is deeply loved by the majority of patients. At present, there are ventilators on the market. Because the turbine is used for air supply, the air flow caused by the rotation of the turbine is unstable, which often leads to unstable air supply pressure and flow rate. , causing discomfort to the patient.
  • the breathing control valve is an important part of the ventilator.
  • the existing breathing control valve is generally set as a three-way pressure balance valve.
  • the three-way pressure balance valve closes the release port, and the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure to reach the set value. value, the three-way pressure balance valve remains unchanged;
  • the ventilator needs to be depressurized the three-way pressure balance valve increases the release port, and the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure to reach the set value, then the three-way pressure balance valve remains unchanged;
  • the control realizes the adjustment of the air circuit pressure of the ventilator.
  • the inlet and outlet of the valve need to be connected to the gas circuit, which will increase the gas resistance.
  • only one valve is set for pressure relief, the pressure relief range is small, and the controllable pressure range is also small.
  • Chinese utility model patent CN101856534A discloses a three-way pressure balance valve and a medical ventilator.
  • the three-way pressure balance valve includes a three-way integrated pipeline, and the three-way integrated pipeline includes an air source port, a release port, and a breathing port.
  • the air source port and the breathing port The ports are directly connected, and a diaphragm is arranged at the inner end of the air source port, and the air source port and the release port are communicated through the space above the diaphragm; the diaphragm is connected with a driver for driving the upper part of the diaphragm. , and move down to adjust the size of the gap between the air source port and the release port.
  • the gap between the air source port and the release port can be adjusted by moving the diaphragm up and down, and the pressure of inhalation and exhalation can be controlled respectively. Maintain proper pressure during exhalation and exhalation, and use three-way pressure balance valve to achieve two levels of pressure to achieve the best pressure.
  • the structure is simple, easy to use, and accurate in control. Both the air source port and the breathing port of the three-way pressure valve need to be When it is connected to the gas circuit, the masking will also increase the resistance of the gas, and the pressure is relieved through a three-way valve, and the controllable pressure range is small.
  • the present invention provides a pressure relief valve, a breathing support device air circuit and a breathing support device. It is used in the tributaries of the air circuit of the respiratory support equipment to realize the control of the air circuit pressure of the ventilator.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a pressure relief valve, including a valve body, the valve body is a hollow structure provided with an air inlet and a pressure relief port, a diaphragm is arranged at the lower part of the valve body, and the air inlet is connected to The pressure relief port communicates through the space above the diaphragm, and a driving device is arranged at the lower part of the diaphragm for driving the diaphragm to move up and down.
  • the air inlet is provided at the upper middle position of the valve body, the number of the pressure relief ports is several, and there are several pressure relief ports They are respectively arranged around the air inlets.
  • the driving mechanism is a voice coil motor.
  • the voice coil motor includes a housing, a motor shaft is provided in the middle of the housing, and a flexible elastic member is provided on the upper part of the motor shaft, The lower part of the motor shaft is provided with a coil support, the coil is fixed on the coil support, and the outer part of the coil support is provided with a permanent magnet.
  • a guide member is further provided on the lower part of the motor shaft to ensure that the motor shaft moves linearly.
  • the guide member is a linear bearing, and the linear bearing is fixed to the lower part of the motor shaft through a fixing bracket.
  • the flexible elastic member is a flexible elastic sheet
  • the flexible elastic sheet is provided with a number of deformation holes, and the deformation holes are arranged in a spiral shape to ensure The degree of deformation of the flexible elastic element.
  • the upper part of the voice coil motor is provided with a motor casing, and the voice coil motor is connected to the lower part of the valve body through the motor casing.
  • the motor shaft of the voice coil motor is connected to the diaphragm, and the motor shaft drives the diaphragm to move up and down.
  • the motor housing and the valve body are detachably connected.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides an air circuit of a respiratory support device, the air circuit of the respiratory support device includes a flow sensor, a pressure sensor and the above-mentioned pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve is arranged on a branch of the air circuit of the respiratory support device Above, the number of the pressure relief valve is at least two.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a respiratory support device, wherein the respiratory support device includes the above-mentioned respiratory support device air circuit.
  • the turbo blower provides an air source with stable air pressure and flow
  • the pressure relief valve of the branch in the breathing air circuit controls the size of the pressure relief port
  • the flow sensor and pressure sensor feedback real-time air pressure and flow.
  • the present invention provides a pressure relief valve, in which an air inlet and a pressure relief port are arranged on the valve body at the same time, and the control of the gas flow is realized by controlling the distance between the diaphragm and the pressure relief port.
  • a pressure relief valve in which an air inlet and a pressure relief port are arranged on the valve body at the same time, and the control of the gas flow is realized by controlling the distance between the diaphragm and the pressure relief port.
  • the tributary of the air circuit connected to the respiratory support equipment it is connected to the main circuit of the air circuit through an air inlet, which can reduce the gas resistance of the air circuit of the respiratory support equipment, and realize the pressure by controlling the pressure relief valve on the tributary. Control, feedback adjustment is carried out through the pressure sensor and flow sensor of the air circuit.
  • the pressure relief valve disclosed in the present invention controls the linear motion of the diaphragm through the voice coil motor, further controls the opening size of the pressure relief port, and realizes the adjustment of the air circuit pressure.
  • the voice coil motor in the present invention is provided with a flexible shrapnel, which is the motor The shaft provides resistance and support, and a linear bearing is also set up. Through the joint action of the flexible shrapnel and the linear bearing, the motor shaft of the voice coil motor can move linearly without fluctuation.
  • the permanent magnet is on the outer side of the coil support, compared with the existing voice coil motor with the permanent magnet on the inner side of the coil, the possibility of the motor shaft being magnetized by the permanent magnet is reduced, and the linear motion of the motor shaft is improved. stability.
  • Two or more pressure relief valves are used in combination in the air circuit of the breathing support equipment provided by the present invention, thereby expanding the pressure control range and improving the pressure control accuracy.
  • Fig. 1 is the exploded view of pressure relief valve in embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pressure relief valve in Embodiment 1;
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a voice coil motor in Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the valve body structure in Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the air circuit structure of the respiratory support equipment in Embodiment 2;
  • Valve body 2. Diaphragm; 3. Voice coil motor;
  • A air source
  • D pressure sensor
  • E patient breathing port
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • the breathing control valve is an important part of the ventilator.
  • the existing breathing control valve is generally set as a three-way pressure balance valve, which is controlled by a three-way valve. Both the air inlet and the air outlet of the valve need to be connected to the air circuit, which will increase the At the same time, only one valve is set for air release, the pressure release range is small, and the controllable pressure range is also small.
  • the present invention provides a two-way pressure relief valve, which reduces gas resistance.
  • this embodiment provides a pressure relief valve, including a valve body 1, wherein the valve body 1 is a hollow structure with an air inlet 11 and a pressure relief port 12, and the lower part of the valve body 1 is provided with a diaphragm 2.
  • the air inlet 11 and the pressure relief port 12 communicate with each other through the space above the diaphragm 3.
  • the lower part of the diaphragm 2 is provided with a driving device for driving the diaphragm 2 to move up and down.
  • the air inlet 11 is provided at the upper middle position of the valve body 1 , the number of pressure relief ports 12 is several, and the plurality of relief ports 12 are respectively arranged around the air inlet 11 .
  • the valve body 1 of the pressure relief valve is a cylindrical structure with a hollow structure inside, an air inlet 11 is arranged at the upper center, and several pressure relief ports 12 are arranged around the air inlet 11 .
  • the positions of the air inlet 11 and the plurality of pressure relief ports 12 may also be set at other positions on the upper part of the valve body 1, as long as the purpose of the present application can be achieved.
  • the lower part of the pressure relief valve is provided with a diaphragm 2. Part of the gas entering the valve body 1 from the air inlet 11 will be discharged from the pressure relief port 12.
  • the up and down movement of the diaphragm 2 is used to change the space between the air inlet 11 and the pressure relief port 12. size, and then realize the control of the amount of exhaust gas, and the up and down movement of the diaphragm 2 is realized by the driving device.
  • a two-way pressure relief valve is designed and applied to the tributaries of the breathing air circuit. Only when the air inlet 11 is connected to the air circuit, the gas flow and pressure of the breathing air circuit can be adjusted, and the gas resistance can be reduced at the same time.
  • a plurality of pressure relief ports 12 are arranged on the valve body 1, so that the pressure relief range is increased, and the controllable pressure range is also increased.
  • the driving mechanism is a voice coil motor 3, wherein the voice coil motor 3 includes a housing 31, a motor shaft 32 is provided in the middle of the housing 31, and a flexible elastic member is provided on the upper part of the motor shaft 32, and the motor The lower part of the shaft 32 is provided with a coil support 35 , the coil is fixed on the coil support 35 , and a permanent magnet 36 is provided outside the coil support 35 .
  • the lower part of the motor shaft is also provided with a guide member, which is used to ensure the linear motion of the motor shaft.
  • the guiding component is a linear bearing 34, and the linear bearing 34 is fixed to the lower part of the motor shaft 32 through a fixing bracket 37.
  • a motor shaft 32 is provided in the middle of the housing 31 of the voice coil motor 3, and a flexible elastic member is provided on the upper part of the motor shaft 32 to provide resistance and support for the motor shaft 32.
  • the lower part of the motor shaft 32 is provided with a straight line
  • the bearing 34 is used to ensure the stability of the linear motion of the motor shaft 32 and reduce the fluctuation of the motor shaft 32 during the movement.
  • a fixing bracket 37 is provided outside the linear bearing 34.
  • the fixing bracket 37 is Cylindrical structure, a coil support 35 is arranged around the outside of the fixed support 37 , the coil is fixed on the coil support 35 , and a permanent magnet 36 is arranged on the outer side of the coil support 35 .
  • the linear bearing 34 is an existing linear bearing, which mainly includes a bearing sleeve arranged outside, and a steel ball retainer is arranged inside, and a plurality of steel balls are installed in the groove of the retainer for infinite circulatory motion.
  • the specific structure is described here. No longer.
  • the existing voice coil motor is equipped with flexible shrapnel at the upper and lower positions of the coil, which is difficult to ensure concentricity, which causes the motor shaft to fluctuate when it moves up and down in a straight line.
  • the elastic force of the two flexible shrapnel is too large, and the voice coil motor needs to be larger. Power is used to achieve force balance.
  • the flexible elastic sheet 33 and the linear bearing 34 are used in combination, which can ensure the linear motion of the motor shaft 32 and improve the linear stability and accuracy of the motor shaft 32 movement stroke and current.
  • the permanent magnet 36 is on the outside of the coil support 35. Compared with the existing voice coil motor with the permanent magnet on the inside of the coil, the possibility of the motor shaft 32 being magnetized by the permanent magnet 36 is reduced, and the stability of the linear motion of the motor shaft 32 is further improved.
  • the flexible elastic member is a flexible elastic sheet 33, and the flexible elastic sheet 33 is provided with several deformation holes, which are arranged in a spiral shape to ensure the degree of deformation of the flexible elastic member.
  • the flexible elastic sheet 33 is fixed on the motor shaft, and the flexible elastic sheet 33 is provided with several deformation holes, which are arranged in a spiral shape from the inside to the outside, which is used to ensure the degree of deformation of the flexible elastic sheet 33 and prevent the occurrence of deformation. difficulty.
  • the upper part of the voice coil motor 3 is provided with a motor casing 38 , and the voice coil motor 3 is connected to the lower part of the valve body 1 through the motor casing 38 .
  • the motor shaft 32 of the voice coil motor 3 is connected with the diaphragm 2 , and the motor shaft 32 drives the diaphragm 2 to move up and down.
  • the motor casing 38 of the voice coil motor 3 is connected to the lower casing of the valve body 1
  • the motor shaft 32 of the voice coil motor 3 is connected to the diaphragm 2
  • the motor shaft 32 moves up and down so that the diaphragm 2 moves along the valve body 1 .
  • the inner wall moves up and down in the space formed by the motor housing 38 and the valve body 1 .
  • a number of heat dissipation holes 383 are provided at the bottom of the motor casing 38 .
  • the motor housing 38 is detachably connected to the valve body 1 .
  • the motor housing 38 is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes 382 at equal intervals, and the casing at the lower part of the valve body 1 is provided with a plurality of second fixing holes 13 at equal intervals.
  • the number of the fixing holes 13 is the same, so that the motor housing 36 and the valve body 1 are connected through the fixing holes.
  • the valve body 1 is made of an elastic plastic material, the valve body 1 and the motor housing 38 can be connected by means of a snap connection.
  • This embodiment provides an air circuit of a respiratory support device, wherein the air circuit of the respiratory support device includes a flow sensor C, a pressure sensor D, and the pressure relief valve B in Embodiment 1, wherein the pressure relief valve B is arranged on the air circuit of the respiratory support device. On the branch, and the number of pressure relief valves B is at least two.
  • one end of the air circuit is connected to the air source A, and the other end is connected to the patient's breathing port E.
  • the air source A is used to provide an airflow with stable air pressure and flow.
  • the other end of the tributary pipeline is connected to the air inlet 11 of the pressure relief valve B, and then set the flow sensor C and the pressure sensor D respectively on the gas path to feedback real-time air pressure and flow.
  • multiple branches can be set on the gas path to be connected to the pressure relief valve B, and the multiple pressure relief valves B are used in combination to expand the pressure control range and improve the pressure control accuracy.
  • two pressure relief valves B are set to be used in combination to control the pressure range.
  • This embodiment provides a respiratory support device, wherein the respiratory support device includes the above-mentioned respiratory support device air circuit.
  • the voice coil motor increases the output by increasing the current, and the motor shaft pushes the diaphragm upward, reducing the space between the air inlet and the pressure relief port. , the pressure relief capacity decreases, and the air pressure rises.
  • the diaphragm stops moving upward, and the size of the pressure relief port remains unchanged.
  • the voice coil motor reduces the output force by reducing the current.
  • the pressure provided by the pressure relief valve to the diaphragm is greater than the force of the motor shaft to push the diaphragm, and the diaphragm moves downward.
  • the space between the air inlet and the pressure relief port increases, the pressure relief capacity increases, and the air pressure decreases.
  • the diaphragm stops moving downward, and the pressure relief port remains unchanged.
  • an air inlet and a pressure relief port are arranged on the upper part of the valve body, and the gas flow rate is controlled by controlling the distance between the diaphragm and the pressure relief port.
  • the pressure relief valve of the present invention is used for connecting The branch of the air circuit of the respiratory support equipment is connected to the main circuit of the air circuit through an air inlet, which can reduce the gas resistance of the air circuit of the respiratory support equipment.
  • the use requires two or more pressure relief valves to be used in combination in the gas circuit, which expands the pressure control range and improves the pressure control accuracy.

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Abstract

一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及呼吸支持设备，泄压阀包括阀体（1），阀体（1）为设有进气口（11）和泄压口（12）的中空结构，阀体（1）下部设有隔膜（2），进气口（11）与泄压口（12）通过隔膜（2）上方的空间相通，隔膜（2）下部设置有驱动装置（3），用于驱动隔膜（2）上下运动。通过控制隔膜（2）与泄压口（12）的距离，实现对气体流量的控制。泄压阀用于接入呼吸支持设备的气路的支流，通过一个进气口（11）与气路的主路相连，可以减小呼吸支持设备气路的气体阻力，通过控制支流上的泄压阀泄压大小实现压力控制，根据使用需要在气路中采用两个或多个泄压阀组合使用，扩大了压力控制范围，提高压力控制精度。

Description

一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及呼吸支持设备 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，具体涉及一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及呼吸支持设备。
背景技术
呼吸支持设备(如呼吸机)用于代替人的呼吸功能或辅助人的呼吸功能的仪器，它适用于呼吸衰竭、甚至停止呼吸的病人做人工呼吸用，是挽救某些危重病人生命的重要工具，在医疗领域得到广泛的应用，深受广大患者的喜爱，目前市场上得呼吸机，因为采用涡轮机供气，由于涡轮旋转带来的气流不稳定，往往导致它的供气压力和流速不稳定，给患者带来不适的体验。
呼吸控制阀是呼吸机中的重要部件，现有的呼吸控制阀一般设置为三通压力平衡阀，呼吸机需要升压时，三通压力平衡阀关小释放口，压力传感器监测气压达到设定值，则三通压力平衡阀保持不变；呼吸机需要降压时，三通压力平衡阀增大释放口，压力传感器监测气压达到设定值，则三通压力平衡阀保持不变；通过闭环控制实现调节呼吸机气路压力。采用三通阀控制，阀门的进出口都需要接入气路，这样会增加气体阻力，同时只设置一个阀门泄压，泄压范围小，可控的压力范围也较小。
中国实用新型专利CN101856534A公开了一种三通压力平衡阀及医用呼吸机，三通压力平衡阀包括三通集成管道，三通集成管道包括气源口、释放口、呼吸口，气源口与呼吸口之间直接相通，在气源口的内端设有横膈膜，气源口与释放口之间通过横膈膜的上方空间相通；横膈膜连接有驱动器，用于驱动横膈膜上、下动作，以调节气源口与释放口之间的间隙大小。医用呼吸机连接有上述的三通压力平衡阀后，可以通过横膈膜上、下动作，调节气源口与释放口之间的间隙大小，分别控制吸气和呼气的压力，在吸气和呼气阶段维持适当压力，使用三通压力平衡阀实现两个水平压力，以达到最佳的压力，结构简单、使用方便、控制精确，上述三通压力阀的气源口和呼吸口都需要接入气路，遮掩也会增加气体的阻力，且通过一个三通阀泄压，可控的压力范围较小。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种泄压阀、呼吸支持设备气路及 呼吸支持设备，通过在泄压阀的上部设置进气口和出气口，且设置多个出气口，用于呼吸支持设备的气路的支流中，用于实现呼吸机气路压力的控制。
为了实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
本发明第一方面提供了一种泄压阀，包括阀体，所述阀体为设有进气口和泄压口的中空结构，所述阀体下部设有隔膜，所述进气口与泄压口通过隔膜上方的空间相通，所述隔膜下部设置有驱动装置，用于驱动隔膜上下运动。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述进气口设于所述阀体上部中间位置，所述泄压口数量为若干个，若干个所述泄压口分别设置于所述进气口四周。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述驱动机构为音圈电机。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述音圈电机包括壳体，所述壳体中部设有电机轴，所述电机轴的上部设有一个柔性弹力件，所述电机轴的下部设有线圈支架，所述线圈支架上固定有线圈，所述线圈支架的外部设置有永磁铁。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述电机轴的下部还设置有导向部件，用于保证所述电机轴做直线运动。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述导向部件为为直线轴承，所述直线轴承通过固定支架固定于所述电机轴的下部。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述柔性弹力件为柔性弹片，所述柔性弹片上设置有若干形变孔，所述形变孔呈螺旋状排列，用于保证柔性弹力件的形变程度。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述音圈电机的上部设置有电机外壳，所述音圈电机通过电机外壳与所述阀体下部相连。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述音圈电机的电机轴与所述隔膜相连，所述电机轴驱动所述隔膜上下运动。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述电机外壳底部设置有若干散热孔。
在一个优选的实施方案中，在本发明提供的泄压阀中，所述电机外壳与所述 阀体可拆卸连接。
本发明第二方面提供一种呼吸支持设备气路，所述呼吸支持设备气路包括流量传感器、压力传感器和上述的泄压阀，所述泄压阀设置于所述呼吸支持设备气路的支流上，所述泄压阀的数量至少两个。
本发明第三方面提供一种呼吸支持设备，所述呼吸支持设备包括上述的呼吸支持设备气路。
本发明工作原理如下：
涡轮风机提供稳定气压和流量的气源，呼吸气路中支流的泄压阀控制泄压口的大小，流量传感器和压力传感器反馈实时的气压和流量。当病人吸气时，需要增大气压，泄压阀控制泄压口减小，直到气压上升到设定值时，泄压口大小保持不变；当病人呼气时，需要减小气压，泄压阀控制泄压口增大，直到气压下降到设定值时，泄压口大小保持不变。
本发明有益效果如下：
(1)本发明提供一种泄压阀，在阀体上同时设置进气口和泄压口，通过控制隔膜与泄压口的距离，实现对气体流量的控制，本发明的泄压阀用于接入呼吸支持设备的气路的支流，通过一个进气口与气路的主路相连，可以减小呼吸支持设备气路的气体阻力，通过控制支流上的泄压阀泄压大小实现压力控制，通过气路的压力传感器和流量传感器进行反馈调节。
(2)本发明中公布的泄压阀通过音圈电机控制隔膜直线运动，进一步控制泄压口的开口大小，实现对气路压力的调节，本发明中的音圈电机设置柔性弹片，为电机轴提供阻力和支承，同时还设置了直线轴承，通过柔性弹片和直线轴承的共同作用保证音圈电机的电机轴做直线运动而不会产生波动。
(3)本发明公布的音圈电机中永磁铁在线圈支架的外侧，与现有的永磁铁在线圈内侧的音圈电机相比，减少电机轴被永磁体磁化的可能，提高电机轴直线运动的稳定性。
(4)本发明提供的呼吸支持设备气路中采用两个或多个泄压阀组合使用，扩大了压力控制范围，提高压力控制精度。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中泄压阀爆炸图；
图2为实施例1中泄压阀横截面示意图；
图3为实施例1中音圈电机结构示意图；
图4为实施例1中阀体结构示意图；
图5为实施例2中呼吸支持设备气路结构示意图；
上述附图标记：
1、阀体；2、隔膜；3、音圈电机；
11、进气口；12、泄压口；13、第二固定孔；
31、壳体；32、电机轴；33、柔性弹片；34、直线轴承；35、线圈支架；36、永磁铁；37、固定支架；38、电机外壳；
382、第一固定孔；383、散热孔；
A、气源；B、泄压阀C、流量传感器；D、压力传感器；E、病人呼吸口。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
呼吸控制阀是呼吸机中的重要部件，现有的呼吸控制阀一般设置为三通压力平衡阀，采用三通阀控制，阀门的进气口和出气口都需要接入气路，这样会增加气体阻力，同时只设置一个阀门进行泄气，泄压范围小，可控的压力范围也较小。 为了解决上述问题本发明提供一种两通泄压阀，减小了气体阻力。
实施例1
如图1-4所示，本实施例提供一种泄压阀，包括阀体1，其中阀体1为设有进气口11和泄压口12的中空结构，阀体1下部设有隔膜2，进气口11与泄压口12通过隔膜3上方的空间相通，隔膜2下部设置有驱动装置，用于驱动隔膜2上下运动。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，进气口11设于阀体1上部中间位置，泄压口12数量为若干个，若干个泄压口12分别设置于进气口11四周。
在一个实施例中，泄压阀的阀体1为一圆柱状结构，其内部为中空结构，上部中心处设置进气口11，进气口11周围设置若干个泄压口12。在其他的实施例中，进气口11和多个泄压口12的位置也可以设置在阀体1上部的其它位置，只要能实现本申请的目的即可。泄压阀的下部设置隔膜2，从进气口11进入阀体1内的气体一部分会从泄压口12排出，利用隔膜2的上下运动改变进气口11与泄压口12之间空间的大小，进而实现对排出气体的量的控制，而隔膜2的上下运动则通过驱动装置来实现。
设计两通泄压阀，并将其应用于呼吸气路的支流中，只在进气口11接入气路就能实现对呼吸气路气体流量和压力的调节，同时减小了气体阻力。在阀体1上设置多个泄压口12，使得泄压范围增大，压力的可控的范围的也增加。
在本实施例中，驱动机构为音圈电机3，其中音圈电机3音圈电机包括壳体31，壳体31中部设有电机轴32，电机轴32的上部设有一个柔性弹力件，电机轴32的下部设有线圈支架35，线圈支架35上固定有线圈，线圈支架35的外部设置有永磁铁36。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，电机轴的下部还设置有导向部件，用于保证所述电机轴做直线运动。进一步地，导向部件为直线轴承34，直线轴承34通过固定支架37固定于所述电机轴32的下部.
在具体实施过程中，音圈电机3的壳体31中部设置有电机轴32，电机轴32的上部设置柔性弹力件，用于为电机轴32提供阻力和支承，电机轴32的下部设置有直线轴承34，用于保证电机轴32做直线运动的稳定性，减小电机轴32在运动过程中产生的波动，直线轴承34的外部设有固定支架37，在本实施例中， 固定支架37为圆柱状结构，固定支架37的外部围绕设置有线圈支架35，线圈固定于线圈支架35上，线圈支架35的外侧设置永磁铁36。
在本实施例中，直线轴承34为现有的直线轴承，主要包括外部设置的轴承套，内部设置有钢球保持器，保持器的槽体内装有多个钢珠无限循环运动，具体结构在此不再赘述。
现有的音圈电机在线圈的上下两个位置均设柔性弹片，难以保证同心度，导致电机轴做上下直线运动时会波动，同时两个柔性弹片的弹力太大，音圈电机需要更大动力来达到受力平衡，本实施例采用柔性弹片33和直线轴承34联合使用，能够保证电机轴32的直线运动，并提高电机轴32运动行程与电流的线性稳定性与精度。
永磁铁36在线圈支架35的外侧，与现有的永磁铁在线圈内侧的音圈电机相比，减少电机轴32被永磁体36磁化的可能，进一步提高了电机轴32直线运动的稳定性。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，柔性弹力件为柔性弹片33，柔性弹片33上设置有若干形变孔，若干形变孔呈螺旋状排列，用于保证柔性弹力件的形变程度。
在本实施例中，柔性弹片33固定在电机轴上，且柔性弹片33上设置有若干形变孔，若干形变孔由内向外呈现螺旋状排列，用于保证柔性弹片33的形变程度，防止形变产生困难。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，音圈电机3的上部设置有电机外壳38，音圈电机3通过电机外壳38与阀体1下部相连。音圈电机3的电机轴32与隔膜2相连，电机轴32驱动隔膜2上下运动。
在本实施例中，音圈电机3的电机外壳38与阀体1下部的壳体相连，音圈电机3的电机轴32与隔膜2相连，电机轴32上下运动使得隔膜2沿着阀体1内壁在电机外壳38与阀体1形成的空间内上下运动。当隔膜2向上运动时，进气口11与泄压口12之间相连通的空间减小，泄压口12泄压能力减少；当隔膜2向下运动时，进气口11与泄压口12之间相连通的空间增大，泄压口12泄压能力增加。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，电机外壳38底部设置有若干散热孔383。
在具体实施过程中，电机轴32运动后会产生一定的热量，由于电机外壳38 与阀体1连接后在隔膜2与电机外壳38之间形成了一个相对封闭的空间，使得热量难以散发，因此在电机外壳38上设置若干散热孔383，如图3所示，防止热量积聚对音圈电机1产生影响。
作为进一步改进的技术方案，电机外壳38与阀体1可拆卸连接。
在本实施例中，电机外壳38上等间距设置有多个第一固定孔382，阀体1下部的壳体上等间距设置有多个第二固定孔13，第一固定孔382与第二固定孔13的数量相同，使得电机外壳36与阀体1通过固定孔进行连接。在其它实施例中，由于阀体1为弹性塑胶材料，可以将阀体1和电机外壳38通过卡扣卡接的方式进行连接。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种呼吸支持设备气路，其中呼吸支持设备气路包括流量传感器C、压力传感器D和实施例1中的泄压阀B，其中泄压阀B设置于呼吸支持设备气路的支流上，且泄压阀B的数量至少两个。
在具体实施过程中，如图5所示，气路一端与气源A相连，另一端与病人呼吸口E相连，气源A用于提供稳定气压和流量的气流，气流从气源A发出后，在气路上设置一条支流，支流管道的另一端与泄压阀B的进气口11相连，然后在气路上在分别设置流量传感器C和压力传感器D，用于反馈实时的气压和流量。在其它实施例中，根据使用需要，可以在气路上设置多个支流与泄压阀B相连，多个泄压阀B组合使用，扩大了压力控制范围，提高压力控制精度。在本实施例中，设置两个泄压阀B联合使用控制在压力范围。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种呼吸支持设备，其中呼吸支持设备包括上述的呼吸支持设备气路。
本发明的工作原理如下：
病人吸气时，需要使气路的压力变大：此时音圈电机通过增加电流使出力变大，此时电机轴推动隔膜向上运动，使得进气口与泄压口之间的空间减小，泄压能力降低，气路气压上升，直到气路气压上升到设定值时，隔膜停止向上运动，泄压口大小保持不变。
病人呼气时，需要使气路的压力变小：此时音圈电机通过减少电流使出力变 小，此时泄压阀提供给隔膜的压力大于电机轴推动隔膜的力，隔膜向下运动，进气口与泄压口之间的空间增加，泄压能力增加，气路气压下降，直到气路气压下降到设定值时，隔膜停止向下运动，泄压口大小保持不变。
本发明公布的泄压阀，在阀体的上部同时设置进气口和泄压口，通过控制隔膜与泄压口的距离，实现对气体流量的控制，本发明的泄压阀用于接入呼吸支持设备的气路的支流，通过一个进气口与气路的主路相连，可以减小呼吸支持设备气路的气体阻力，通过控制支流上的泄压阀泄压大小实现压力控制，根据使用需要在气路中采用两个或多个泄压阀组合使用，扩大了压力控制范围，提高压力控制精度。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只限于这些说明。对于本发明所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种泄压阀，其特征在于，包括阀体，所述阀体为设有进气口和泄压口的中空结构，所述阀体下部设有隔膜，所述进气口与泄压口通过隔膜上方的空间相通，所述隔膜下部设置有驱动装置，用于驱动隔膜上下运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述进气口设于所述阀体上部中间位置，所述泄压口数量为若干个，若干个所述泄压口分别设置于所述进气口四周。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述驱动机构为音圈电机，所述音圈电机包括壳体，所述壳体中部设有电机轴，所述电机轴的上部设有一个柔性弹力件，所述电机轴的下部设有线圈支架，所述线圈支架上固定有线圈，所述线圈支架的外部设置有永磁铁。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述电机轴的下部还设置有导向部件，用于保证所述电机轴做直线运动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述导向部件为为直线轴承，所述直线轴承通过固定支架固定于所述电机轴的下部。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述柔性弹力件为柔性弹片，所述柔性弹片上设置有若干形变孔，所述形变孔呈螺旋状排列，用于保证柔性弹力件的形变程度。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述音圈电机的上部设置有电机外壳，所述音圈电机通过电机外壳与所述阀体下部相连，所述电机外壳底部设置有若干散热孔。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种泄压阀，其特征在于，所述音圈电机的电机轴与所述隔膜相连，所述电机轴驱动所述隔膜上下运动。
  9. 一种呼吸支持设备气路，其特征在于，所述呼吸支持设备气路包括流量传感器、压力传感器和权利要求1-8任一所述的泄压阀，所述泄压阀设置于所述呼吸支持设备气路的支流上，所述泄压阀的数量至少两个。
  10. 一种呼吸支持设备，其特征在于，所述呼吸支持设备包括如权利要求9所述的呼吸支持设备气路。
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