WO2022141032A1

WO2022141032A1 - Pressure relief explosion-proof channel for battery pack

Info

Publication number: WO2022141032A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/140692
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张立磊; 常洪波; 李明明; 谭业超; 刘云奇; 时晓彤
Original assignee: 烟台创为新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2020-12-29
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2022-07-07

Abstract

A pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack. The pressure relief explosion-proof channel comprises an inner box (1), an outer box (2) and an anti-impact filter structure (4), wherein a plurality of battery cells (3) or battery packs are arranged in the inner box (1); the inner box (1) is connected to the outer box (2), and is in communication with the outer box (2); the anti-impact filter structure (4) is arranged in the outer box (2), and comprises a plurality of anti-impact filter plates (5); and the plurality of anti-impact filter plates (5) are arranged at intervals, and are provided with a plurality of filter holes (6). A structure that integrates anti-impact and filtering and fireproof properties is arranged in the outer box (1), such that the space layout is effectively utilized, and the overall size of the pressure relief explosion-proof channel is greatly reduced. Relieved pressure is discharged from a side face of an explosion-proof valve (9) on a second space (8), so that the size of a filter and fireproof structure connected to the top of existing battery cells (3) can be reduced, while the optimal effect for pressure relief at the top of the battery cells (3) is not affected, thereby solving the problem of space for mounting a fire suppression device in a new energy passenger vehicle being insufficient.

Description

A pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack fire suppression, in particular to a pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack.

Background technique

The existing technical scheme is that the exhaust pipe filter device uses a neutralizer or an adsorbent (such as a coarse particle separation layer, an activated carbon layer, a potassium permanganate layer, an activated alumina layer, and a particulate filter layer) to filter the flue gas. . When the battery capacity is small and the thermal runaway reaction is moderated, this method can play a filtering role, but the limitation of this method is that when the large-capacity cells are thermally out of control, especially the ternary battery produces a large amount of The flue gas is violently burned, and the pressure of the exhausted flue gas is very high. The filtering method of the neutralizer or adsorbent will seriously hinder the emission of the flue gas, resulting in excessive pressure damage to the filtering device or even the power battery pack bursting. Burning solid particulate matter spews out at the burst and ignites the emitted flammable gas, causing the fire to spread rapidly.

In the existing technical solution, a fire-stop structure is arranged outside the battery box, and a plurality of fire-stop plates are arranged in the fire-stop structure on opposite sides of the inner wall of the shell to form an opening with the inner wall of the fire-stop shell, and the maximum aperture of the opening is 0.07mm. ~0.5mm. However, this kind of fire resistance structure is too bulky, which is not conducive to a reasonable layout on new energy vehicles, especially for passenger cars, where there is simply not enough space for installation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack. In the present application, the structure for collecting shock and filtering and preventing fire is arranged in the outer box, passing through the first space and the second space of the outer box. The design effectively utilizes the space layout, greatly reduces the overall volume of the pressure relief and explosion-proof channel, and discharges the pressure through the side of the explosion-proof valve on the second space. It can also reduce the volume of the filter fire-resisting structure connected to the top of the existing single battery, thereby solving the problem of insufficient space for installing fire suppression devices in new energy passenger vehicles; Alleviate the direct impact with the upper cover of the outer box. It avoids the risk of the box being damaged and then catches fire, and effectively protects the safety of passengers.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: a pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack, including an inner box, an outer box and an anti-shock filter structure, a plurality of battery cells or battery packs are arranged in the inner box, the said The inner box and the outer box are connected, the inner box and the outer box are connected to form a pressure relief channel, the anti-shock filter structure is arranged in the outer box, and the anti-shock filter structure includes a plurality of anti-shock filter plates, a plurality of the anti-shock filter The impact filter plates are arranged at intervals, and the anti-shock filter plates are provided with a plurality of filter holes.

Further, an exhaust pipe and a one-way valve are arranged on the battery pack, the one-way valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, one end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the battery pack, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the battery pack. Extending into the outer box, the inner box and the outer box are communicated through an exhaust pipe, and the flow direction of the one-way valve is from the battery pack to the outer box.

Further, the outer box includes a first space and a second space, the first space is provided on the top of the battery pack, the second space is provided on one or more sides of the battery pack, and the first space and the second space are communicated.

Further, in the first space, the anti-shock filter plate is disposed obliquely; in the second space, the anti-shock filter plate is disposed obliquely.

Further, in the first space, the vertical projected area of a single anti-shock filter plate at the bottom of the first space covers and is larger than the area of the exhaust pipe on the battery pack.

Further, in the first space, the anti-shock filter plate is connected to at least the bottom of the first space and the top of the first space; in the second space, the anti-shock filter plate is connected to at least two opposite sides of the second space connect.

Further, the first space completely covers the top of the battery pack, and the second space completely covers the side of the battery pack.

Further, an explosion-proof valve is provided on the opposite side of the second space in contact with the battery pack, and the pressure relief of the battery pack is discharged from the exhaust pipe into the first space, and then discharged through the explosion-proof valve of the second space.

Further, in the first space, there are multiple exhaust pipes and multiple one-way valves, the number of the exhaust pipes and the one-way valves are the same, and the multiple exhaust pipes are arranged side by side to form a row For the exhaust pipe, there are multiple rows of exhaust pipes on the battery pack, and anti-shock filter plates are arranged on both sides of each row of exhaust pipes.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the purpose of the present application is to first ensure that the high-pressure gas generated when the battery is thermally out of control does not damage the battery box, and secondly, the solid particles such as sparks that are easy to cause fire are filtered and shielded in the outer box, Prevent sparks from igniting combustible gas and cause secondary fire. In the present application, the structure for collecting impact and filtering and preventing fire is arranged in the outer box. Through the design of the first space and the second space of the outer box, the space layout is effectively utilized, and the overall volume of the pressure relief and explosion-proof passage is greatly reduced. The side discharge pressure relief of the explosion-proof valve in the space achieves the best effect of not affecting the pressure relief at the top of the single battery, and can also reduce the volume of the filter and fire resistance structure connected to the top of the existing single battery, so as to solve the problem of new energy passenger use. The problem of insufficient space for the fire suppression device installed in the car; when the battery is thermally runaway and pressure released, the impact force directly acts on the anti-shock filter structure, which alleviates the direct impact with the upper cover of the outer box. It avoids the risk of the box being damaged and then catches fire, and effectively protects the safety of passengers.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection between a single cell and an exhaust pipe.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single row of exhaust pipes and a single anti-impact filter plate.

Among them, 1. Inner box, 2. Outer box, 3. Single battery, 4. Anti-shock filter structure, 5. Anti-shock filter plate, 6. Filter hole, 7. First space, 8. Second space, 9 .Explosion-proof valve, 10. Exhaust pipe, 11. Check valve, 12. Bottom of first space, 13. Top of first space, 14. Top of battery pack, 15. Side of battery pack, 16. Vertical projected area, 17. On the side of the second space, 18 pressure relief valve ports.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack includes an inner box 1, an outer box 2 and an anti-shock filter structure 4. A plurality of single cells 3 are arranged in the inner box 1. One or more battery packs are arranged in the inner box 1 (one battery pack is composed of a plurality of single cells 3). The inner box 1 and the outer box 2 are connected, the inner box 1 and the outer box 2 are connected, and the anti-shock filter structure 4 is arranged in the outer box 2, and the anti-shock filter structure 4 includes a plurality of anti-shock filter plates 5 , a plurality of the anti-shock filter plates 5 are arranged at intervals, and the anti-shock filter plates 5 are provided with a plurality of filter holes 6 . The filter holes 6 may be circular holes, slot-shaped holes, or the like. The outer box 2 is required to meet the IP67 protection level, and the design of the outer box 2 should meet the national or industry standards for the pressure of the box body when the battery pack is thermally out of control. The design structure of the anti-shock filter plate 5 can block the impact force of the high-pressure gas generated by thermal runaway, and the filter hole 6 can isolate and filter the solid particulate matter sparks emitted and burned by thermal runaway, so that its energy is provided with multiple anti-shock filters. The outer box 2 of the plate 5 is completely consumed, and finally the pressure is released in time through the explosion-proof valve 9 on the outer box 2, so that no sparks are ejected outside the outer box 2, so as to avoid the occurrence of secondary fires. The pore size of the filter hole 6 can be set to different sizes. In order to further optimize the filtering effect, the pore size of the filter hole 6 at the middle position of the top surface of the inner box 1 can be set to a larger diameter, and the middle position of the top surface of the inner box 1 can be extended to both sides. The pore size of the filter hole 6 is set to a smaller pore size, and the further to the edges on both sides, the smaller the pore size of the filter hole 6. This can be formed and filtered step by step. The purpose of this application is to first ensure that the high-pressure gas generated when the battery is thermally out of control does not damage the battery box, and secondly, the solid particles such as sparks that are easy to cause fire are filtered and shielded in the outer box 2 to prevent the sparks from ejecting flammable gas and causing secondary fires . In the present application, the structure of collecting shock and filtering fire is arranged in the outer box 2. Through the design of the first space 7 and the second space 8 of the outer box 2, the space layout is effectively utilized, and the overall volume of the pressure relief and explosion-proof passage is greatly reduced. , the pressure is discharged through the side of the explosion-proof valve 9 on the second space 8 to achieve the best effect of not affecting the pressure relief at the top of the single battery 3, and it can also reduce the existing single battery 3. volume, so as to solve the problem of insufficient space for installing fire suppression devices in new energy passenger vehicles.

The battery pack is provided with an exhaust pipe 10 and a one-way valve 11. The one-way valve 11 is provided on the exhaust pipe 10. The specific one-way valve 11 can be located in the middle of the exhaust pipe 10, or can be set at the outlet end of the exhaust pipe 10 . One end of the exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the pressure relief valve port 18 on the single cell 3 in the battery pack, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 10 extends into the outer box 2, the inner box 1 and the outer box. 2 is communicated through the exhaust pipe 10 , and the flow direction of the one-way valve 11 is from the single battery 3 to the outer box 2 . Each single cell 3 has a pressure relief valve port 18 , the exhaust pipe 10 is connected to the pressure relief valve port 18 , and the connection portion between the exhaust pipe 10 and the pressure relief valve port 18 needs to be sealed and fixed. When the single battery 3 in the battery pack is thermally out of control, the generated high-pressure gas passes through the pressure relief valve port 18 --- the exhaust pipe 10 --- the first space 7 . When a single cell 3 is thermally out of control and the pressure is released, the gas can be smoothly ejected from the pressure relief valve port 18 and enter the first space 7 through the one-way valve 11 . The one-way valve 11 prevents the ejected gas from impacting other single cells 3 , and also prevents sparks or flames from entering the battery through the exhaust pipe 10 .

The outer box 2 includes a first space 7 and a second space 8, the first space 7 is provided on the top 14 of the battery pack, the second space 8 is provided on one or more sides of the battery pack, the first space 7 and the second space 8 are provided. Space 8 is connected. When the second space 8 has multiple sides, it can be two adjacent sides, or two opposite sides, or three sides (adjacent or non-adjacent), or all four sides. Also can. When the second space 8 is arranged on multiple sides, a corresponding explosion-proof valve 9 is arranged on each side.

The plurality of anti-shock filter plates 5 in the first space 7 are arranged at intervals, and the plurality of anti-shock filter plates 5 in the second space 8 are arranged at intervals.

In the first space 7 , the anti-shock filter plate 5 is disposed obliquely; in the second space 8 , the anti-shock filter plate 5 is disposed obliquely. The inclined arrangement is to exclude other arrangements in which the anti-shock filter plate 5 is arranged perpendicularly or parallel to the bottom surface of the first space 7 . The purpose of the inclined arrangement is to allow the anti-impact filter plate 5 to block and filter the high-pressure gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 10 .

In the first space 7, the vertical projected area 16 of a single anti-shock filter plate 5 on the bottom 12 of the first space 7 covers and is larger than the area of a row of exhaust pipes 10 on the battery pack. It can be ensured that the high-pressure gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 10 can be completely filtered by the single anti-shock filter plate 5 .

In the first space 7, the anti-shock filter plate 5 is connected to at least the bottom 12 and the top 13 of the first space 7; in the second space 8, the anti-shock filter plate 5 is connected to at least two opposite second spaces Side 17 connection. The impact-resistant filter plate 5 can increase the compressive strength of the outer box 2 through the connection design of at least two surfaces with the outer box 2 and protect the outer box 2 from damage to the greatest extent.

The first space 7 completely covers the top 14 of the battery pack, and the second space 8 completely covers the side 15 of the battery pack. Completely covering the top 14 of the battery pack can ensure that each discharge pipe on the battery pack can be in the first space 7, that is, each discharge pipe on the battery pack can discharge high-pressure gas smoothly and unobstructed, and the discharged high-pressure gas All are in the first space 7 . The second space 8 is in communication with the first space 7 . When the second space 8 completely covers the side surface 15 of the battery pack, the second space 8 and the first space 7 are of equal width to ensure the high pressure in the first space 7 The gas can enter the second space 8 smoothly and without hindrance.

An explosion-proof valve 9 is provided on the opposite side of the second space 8 in contact with the battery pack, and a plurality of explosion-proof valves 9 may be provided. The pressure relief of the single cell 3 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 10 into the first space 7 , and then discharged through the explosion-proof valve 9 of the second space 8 . The explosion-proof valve 9 maintains the pressure balance inside and outside the outer box 2 . The explosion-proof valve 9 is designed to be waterproof and breathable. When thermal runaway occurs, the pressure can be released in time to ensure smooth discharge of flue gas. Compared with the common safety valve, the explosion-proof valve 9 has removed the metal mesh structure inside. The mesh structure inside the common safety valve is easy to be blocked by explosive particles, which is not conducive to gas discharge.

In the first space 7 , there are multiple exhaust pipes 10 and multiple one-way valves 11 , the number of the exhaust pipes 10 and the one-way valves 11 is the same, and the multiple exhaust pipes 10 A row of exhaust pipes 10 is formed side by side, multiple rows of exhaust pipes 10 are arranged on the battery pack, and anti-impact filter plates 5 are arranged on both sides of each row of exhaust pipes. In the first space 7, the vertical projected area 16 of a single anti-shock filter plate 5 on the bottom 12 of the first space is larger than the area of a row of exhaust pipes 10 on the battery pack, so as to ensure that the high-pressure gas discharged from a row of exhaust pipes 10 can be Filtered by a single anti-shock filter plate 5, the filtering effect of the anti-shock filter plate 5 and the blocking effect of the high-pressure gas impact force are improved.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

A pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack is characterized in that it comprises an inner box, an outer box and an anti-shock filter structure, a plurality of battery cells or battery packs are arranged in the inner box, the inner box is connected to the outer box, so that the The inner box and the outer box are connected to form a pressure relief channel, the anti-shock filter structure is arranged in the outer box, the anti-shock filter structure includes a plurality of anti-shock filter plates, and the plurality of the anti-shock filter plates are arranged at intervals, The anti-impact filter plate is provided with a plurality of filter holes.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack is provided with an exhaust pipe and a one-way valve, the one-way valve is provided on the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided on the exhaust pipe. One end of the pipe is connected to the battery pack, the other end of the exhaust pipe extends into the outer box, the inner box and the outer box are communicated through the exhaust pipe, and the flow direction of the one-way valve is from the battery pack to the outer box.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 2, wherein the outer box comprises a first space and a second space, the first space is provided on the top of the battery pack, and the second space is provided on one of the battery packs On one or more sides, the first space and the second space are communicated.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first space, the anti-shock filter plate is disposed obliquely; in the second space, the anti-shock filter plate is disposed obliquely .
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the first space, the vertical projected area of a single anti-shock filter plate on the bottom of the first box covers and is larger than the exhaust gas on the battery pack area of the tube.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first space, the anti-shock filter plate is connected to at least the bottom of the first box body and the top of the first box body; in the second space Inside, the impact-proof filter plate is connected with at least two opposite sides of the second box body.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 3, wherein the first space completely covers the top of the battery pack, and the second space completely covers the side surface of the battery pack.
The pressure relief explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 3, wherein an explosion-proof valve is provided on the opposite side of the second space in contact with the battery pack, and the pressure relief of the battery pack is discharged from an exhaust pipe Enter the first space, and then discharge through the explosion-proof valve of the second space.
The pressure relief and explosion-proof channel for a battery pack according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the first space, there are multiple exhaust pipes, multiple one-way valves, and the exhaust pipes are connected with all the exhaust pipes. The number of the one-way valves is the same, a plurality of exhaust pipes are arranged side by side to form a row of exhaust pipes, multiple rows of exhaust pipes are arranged on the battery pack, and anti-shock filter plates are arranged on both sides of each row of exhaust pipes.