WO2022141027A1 - Vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection apparatus and device - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection apparatus and device Download PDF

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WO2022141027A1
WO2022141027A1 PCT/CN2020/140664 CN2020140664W WO2022141027A1 WO 2022141027 A1 WO2022141027 A1 WO 2022141027A1 CN 2020140664 W CN2020140664 W CN 2020140664W WO 2022141027 A1 WO2022141027 A1 WO 2022141027A1
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voltage
vehicle
rectifier diode
unit
switch unit
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PCT/CN2020/140664
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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陈丽君
赵德琦
吴壬华
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深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/140664 priority Critical patent/WO2022141027A1/en
Priority to CN202080028922.7A priority patent/CN113785461A/en
Publication of WO2022141027A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022141027A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0034—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using reverse polarity correcting or protecting circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
    • H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
    • H02H11/003—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection apparatus (102) and device (10). The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection apparatus (102) comprises an electric energy drive module (20) and an anti-reverse connection module (30), wherein the anti-reverse connection module (30) comprises a switch unit (301) and a forward conduction unit (302); the electric energy drive module (20) is used for providing a drive voltage for the switch unit (301); one end of the switch unit (301) is connected to the forward conduction unit (302), and the other end of the switch unit (301) is grounded, and the switch unit is turned on when the drive voltage provided by the electric energy drive module (20) is greater than or equal to a turn-on threshold, and is turned off when the drive voltage provided by the electric energy drive module (20) is less than the turn-on threshold; and the forward conduction unit (302) is connected to an external battery pack (50), and is used for forming a closed loop with the external battery pack (50) when the switch unit (301) is turned on.

Description

一种车载驱动防反接装置以及设备A vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device and equipment 技术领域technical field
本申请涉及电子电路领域，尤其涉及一种车载驱动防反接装置以及设备。The present application relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device and equipment.
背景技术Background technique
目前在新能源汽车中已经普遍使用车载直流(direct current-direct current，DC-DC)转换器替代原先传统车上的直流发电机给整车低压系统供电，同时对车载低压蓄电池进行浮动充电。由于车载低压蓄电池同时存在自放电，因此在一段时间不使用汽车后，车载电池会进入馈电状态，电压低至整车很多低压系统无法工作，这其中也包括车载DC-DC转换器。为了使汽车恢复正常工作的能力，这时一般需要使用外部电池搭接在整车低压电路上，使得低压供电系统的电压恢复至正常水平，车载DC-DC转换器能够工作为低压系统供电并对蓄电池充电。但是外接电池存在反接风险，一旦外接电池的正极反接至车载DC-DC转换器的负极，由于车载DC-DC转换器里面负极到正极的阻抗极低，反接相当于直接短路了外接电池，会形成很大的电流损坏车载DC-DC转换器，甚至烧毁元件。At present, in-vehicle direct current (direct current-direct current, DC-DC) converters have been widely used in new energy vehicles to replace the original DC generators on traditional vehicles to supply power to the low-voltage system of the whole vehicle, and at the same time float the low-voltage battery of the vehicle. Due to the self-discharge of the on-board low-voltage battery at the same time, after the car is not used for a period of time, the on-board battery will enter the feeding state, and the voltage is so low that many low-voltage systems in the vehicle cannot work, including the on-board DC-DC converter. In order to restore the ability of the car to work normally, it is generally necessary to use an external battery to connect to the low-voltage circuit of the whole vehicle, so that the voltage of the low-voltage power supply system returns to the normal level, and the on-board DC-DC converter can work as a power supply for the low-voltage system. Battery charging. However, there is a risk of reverse connection of the external battery. Once the positive pole of the external battery is reversely connected to the negative pole of the on-board DC-DC converter, because the impedance from the negative pole to the positive pole of the on-board DC-DC converter is extremely low, the reverse connection is equivalent to a direct short-circuit of the external battery. , it will form a large current to damage the on-board DC-DC converter, and even burn the components.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本申请实施例为了解决上述问题，公开了一种车载驱动防反接装置以及设备，可有效避免因外接电池反接而对驱动装置的内部器件造成损坏，增强了驱动装置的安全性。In order to solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application disclose a vehicle-mounted drive reverse connection preventing device and equipment, which can effectively avoid damage to the internal components of the drive device due to the reverse connection of the external battery, and enhance the safety of the drive device.
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车载驱动防反接装置，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an anti-reverse connection device for a vehicle-mounted drive, including an electric power drive module and an anti-reverse connection module, and the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit;
上述开关单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块，上述开关单元的另一端连接上述正向导通单元，上述正向导通单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块， 上述正向导通单元的另一端连接车载蓄电池及外接电池组，上述车载蓄电池与上述外接电池组并联；One end of the switch unit is connected to the power drive module, the other end of the switch unit is connected to the forward conduction unit, one end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the power drive module, and the other end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the vehicle battery and the external a battery pack, the on-board battery is connected in parallel with the external battery pack;
上述电能驱动模块用于在上述外接电池组正向接入时向上述开关单元输出大于或等于导通阈值的驱动电压以导通上述开关单元，上述正向导通单元用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述车载蓄电池形成闭合回路以为上述车载蓄电池充电，其中，上述外接电池组反向接入时上述电能驱动模块向上述开关单元输出的驱动电压小于上述导通阈值，上述开关单元截止。The power driving module is used for outputting a driving voltage greater than or equal to a conduction threshold to the switch unit when the external battery pack is connected in a forward direction to turn on the switch unit, and the forward conduction unit is used to turn on the switch unit It forms a closed loop with the vehicle battery to charge the vehicle battery, wherein when the external battery pack is reversely connected, the driving voltage output by the power drive module to the switch unit is less than the conduction threshold, and the switch unit is turned off.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块包括变压绕组，上述变压绕组包括原边绕组及副边绕组，上述原边绕组与车载供能单元相连，上述副边绕组的正极与上述开关单元相连，上述副边绕组的负极接地，上述电能驱动模块用于将上述车载供能单元的输出电压转换成驱动电压并输出至上述开关单元。With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the power drive module includes a transformer winding, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply unit, and the secondary winding is connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply unit. The positive pole of the winding is connected to the switch unit, the negative pole of the secondary winding is grounded, and the power drive module is used to convert the output voltage of the vehicle power supply unit into a drive voltage and output it to the switch unit.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述副边绕组还包括中间抽头，上述中间抽头与正向导通单元相连，上述中间抽头用于在上述开关单元导通时向上述正向导通单元输出基准电压。With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the secondary winding further includes an intermediate tap, the intermediate tap is connected to the forward conduction unit, and the intermediate tap is used to conduct the forward conduction to the forward conduction unit when the switching unit is turned on. The unit outputs the reference voltage.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块还包括，第一整流二极管、第二整流二极管、第三整流二极管、第一稳压电容以及第二稳压电容，其中：With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned power drive module further includes a first rectifier diode, a second rectifier diode, a third rectifier diode, a first voltage stabilization capacitor, and a second voltage stabilization capacitor, wherein:
上述第一整流二极管的负极与上述副边绕组的负极相连，上述第一整流二极管的正极接地；The cathode of the first rectifier diode is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the first rectifier diode is grounded;
上述第二整流二极管的负极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第二整流二极管的正极接地；The cathode of the second rectifier diode is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the second rectifier diode is grounded;
上述第三整流二极管的正极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第三整流二极管的负极与上述开关单元及上述第二稳压电容相连；The anode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the switch unit and the second voltage-stabilizing capacitor;
上述第一稳压电容的一端与上述中间抽头及上述正向导通单元相连，上述第一稳压电容的另一端接地；One end of the first voltage-stabilizing capacitor is connected to the middle tap and the forward conducting unit, and the other end of the first voltage-stabilizing capacitor is grounded;
上述第二稳压电容的一端与上述开关单元相连，上述第二稳压电容的 另一端接地。One end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor is connected to the switch unit, and the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor is grounded.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述开关单元包括三极管，其中：With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned switch unit includes a triode, wherein:
上述三极管的发射极上述第三整流二极管的负极及第二稳压电容相连，上述三极管的基极通过第一保护电阻接地，上述三极管的集电极与上述正向导通单元相连。The emitter of the triode is connected to the cathode of the third rectifier diode and the second voltage stabilization capacitor, the base of the triode is grounded through the first protection resistor, and the collector of the triode is connected to the forward conducting unit.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元包括场效应管，其中：With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned forward conduction unit includes a field effect transistor, wherein:
上述场效应管的栅极通过第二保护电阻与上述开关单元中三极管的集电极相连，上述场效应管的源极与上述外接电池组相连，上述场效应管的漏极与上述中间抽头相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时，在上述场效应管的栅极与上述场效应管的源极之间产生导通电压而导通。The grid of the field effect transistor is connected to the collector of the triode in the switch unit through the second protection resistor, the source of the field effect transistor is connected to the external battery pack, and the drain of the field effect transistor is connected to the middle tap. When the switching unit is turned on, a conduction voltage is generated between the gate of the field effect transistor and the source of the field effect transistor to be turned on.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元还包括钳位二极管，上述钳位二极管的负极连接上述场效应管的栅极，和上述钳位二极管的正极连接上述场效应管的源极，上述钳位二极管用于限制上述场效应管的栅极和源极之间的电压以防止上述场效应管被击穿。With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the forward conducting unit further includes a clamp diode, the cathode of the clamp diode is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor, and the anode of the clamp diode is connected to the field The source of the effect transistor, the clamping diode is used to limit the voltage between the gate and the source of the field effect transistor to prevent the field effect transistor from being broken down.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述驱动电压的导通阈值为10～14V。With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the turn-on threshold of the above driving voltage is 10-14V.
结合第一方面，在一种可能的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块还包括第四整流二极管，上述第四整流二极管的正极与上述副边绕组的负极及上述第一整流二极管的负极相连，上述第四整流二极管的负极与上述第三整流二极管的负极及上述第二稳压电容相连。In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the power drive module further includes a fourth rectifier diode, and the anode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding and the cathode of the first rectifier diode. The cathode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected to the cathode of the third rectifier diode and the second voltage stabilizer capacitor.
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车载驱动防反接设备，该设备包括车载供能单元以及上述第一方面和/或第一方面任一种可能的实施方式所提供的车载驱动防反接装置。In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device, which includes a vehicle-mounted power supply unit and the vehicle-mounted drive anti-connection device provided by the first aspect and/or any possible implementation of the first aspect. Reverse device.
本申请实施例，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，其中：上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；上述电能驱动模块用于为上述开关 单元提供驱动电压；上述开关单元的一端与上述正向导通单元相连，上述开关单元的另一端接地，用于在上述电能驱动模块提供的驱动电压大于或等于导通阈值时导通，在上述电能驱动单元提供的驱动电压小于导通阈值时截止；上述正向导通单元与外接电池组相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述外接电池组形成闭合回路。采用三极管作为开关单元、场效应管作为正向导通单元，有效避免了因外接电池反接而对驱动装置的内部器件造成损坏，增强了驱动装置的安全性。此外，利用在变压绕组的中间增加抽头的方法，为三极管和场效应管提供导通电压，有效地简化了防反接电路，减少了设计及维护成本。The embodiment of the present application includes an electric power driving module and an anti-reverse connection module, wherein: the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit; the above-mentioned electric power driving module is used to provide a driving voltage for the above-mentioned switch unit; one end of the above-mentioned switch unit is connected to The above-mentioned forward conduction unit is connected, and the other end of the above-mentioned switch unit is grounded, and is used for conducting when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving module is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold value, and when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving unit is less than the conduction threshold value. Cut off; the forward conduction unit is connected to the external battery pack, and is used to form a closed loop with the external battery pack when the switch unit is turned on. The triode is used as the switch unit and the field effect transistor is used as the forward conduction unit, which effectively avoids damage to the internal components of the drive device due to the reverse connection of the external battery, and enhances the safety of the drive device. In addition, the method of adding a tap in the middle of the transformer winding provides the on-voltage for the triode and the field effect transistor, which effectively simplifies the anti-reverse connection circuit and reduces the design and maintenance cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本申请提供的一种车载驱动防反接装置示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the application;
图2是本申请提供的一种车载驱动防反接设备结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the present application;
图3是本申请提供的另一种车载驱动防反接装置示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the solutions of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only The embodiments are part of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
以下分别进行详细说明。Each of them will be described in detail below.
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" in the description and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order . Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes unlisted steps or units, or optionally also includes For other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。在一些需要蓄电池作为副电源供电的场景中，例如车载环境中，由于车载低压蓄电池是铅酸电池，容量较小，同时存在自放电。因此在一段时间不使用汽车后，车载电池会进入馈电状态，电压低至整车很多低压系统无法工作，这其中也包括电能驱动模块。为了使汽车恢复正常工作的能力，这时一般需要使用外部电池搭接在整车低压电路上，使得低压供电系统的电压恢复至正常水平，电能驱动模块能够工作为低压系统供电并对蓄电池充电。但当外接电池的正极连接电能驱动模块的负极，外接电池的负极连接电能驱动模块的正极)，由于电能驱动模块里面负极到正极的阻抗极低，反接相当于直接使车载蓄电池短路，会形成很大的电流损坏电能驱动模块中的元件。为表述方便，本申请以包含半桥电路为驱动电路的车载驱动装置为例进行介绍。Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments. In some scenarios that require a battery as a secondary power supply, for example, in an on-board environment, since the on-board low-voltage battery is a lead-acid battery, the capacity is small, and there is self-discharge at the same time. Therefore, after the car is not used for a period of time, the on-board battery will enter the feeding state, and the voltage is so low that many low-voltage systems of the whole vehicle cannot work, including the electric power drive module. In order to restore the ability of the car to work normally, it is generally necessary to use an external battery to connect to the low-voltage circuit of the whole vehicle, so that the voltage of the low-voltage power supply system returns to the normal level, and the power drive module can work to supply power to the low-voltage system and charge the battery. However, when the positive pole of the external battery is connected to the negative pole of the power drive module, and the negative pole of the external battery is connected to the positive pole of the power drive module), because the impedance from the negative pole to the positive pole in the power drive module is extremely low, the reverse connection is equivalent to directly short-circuiting the vehicle battery, which will form The high current can damage the components in the electrical drive module. For the convenience of expression, this application takes an in-vehicle drive device including a half-bridge circuit as a drive circuit as an example for introduction.
图1是本申请提供的一种车载驱动防反接装置示意图。本申请提供的车载驱动防反接装置包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元，其中：FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the present application. The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the application includes an electric power drive module and an anti-reverse connection module, and the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit, wherein:
上述开关单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块，上述开关单元的另一端 连接上述正向导通单元，上述正向导通单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块，上述正向导通单元的另一端连接车载蓄电池及外接电池组，上述车载蓄电池与上述外接电池组并联；One end of the switch unit is connected to the power drive module, the other end of the switch unit is connected to the forward conduction unit, one end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the power drive module, and the other end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the vehicle battery and the external a battery pack, the on-board battery is connected in parallel with the external battery pack;
上述电能驱动模块用于在上述外接电池组正向接入时向上述开关单元输出大于或等于导通阈值的驱动电压以导通上述开关单元，上述正向导通单元用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述车载蓄电池形成闭合回路以为上述车载蓄电池充电。其中，上述外接电池组反向接入时上述电能驱动模块向上述开关单元输出的驱动电压小于上述导通阈值，上述开关单元截止。The power driving module is used for outputting a driving voltage greater than or equal to a conduction threshold to the switch unit when the external battery pack is connected in a forward direction to turn on the switch unit, and the forward conduction unit is used to turn on the switch unit At the same time, it forms a closed circuit with the vehicle battery to charge the vehicle battery. Wherein, when the external battery pack is reversely connected, the driving voltage output by the power driving module to the switch unit is less than the turn-on threshold, and the switch unit is turned off.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块包括变压绕组，上述变压绕组包括原边绕组及副边绕组，上述原边绕组与车载供能单元相连，上述副边绕组的正极与上述开关单元相连，上述副边绕组的负极接地，上述电能驱动模块用于将上述车载供能单元的输出电压转换成驱动电压并输出至上述开关单元。In some feasible implementations, the power drive module includes a transformer winding, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply unit, and the positive pole of the secondary winding is connected to the switch The units are connected to each other, the negative electrode of the secondary winding is grounded, and the electric energy driving module is used to convert the output voltage of the vehicle power supply unit into a driving voltage and output it to the switch unit.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述副边绕组还包括中间抽头，上述中间抽头与正向导通单元相连，上述中间抽头用于在上述开关单元导通时向上述正向导通单元输出基准电压。In some feasible implementation manners, the secondary winding further includes a middle tap, the middle tap is connected to the forward conduction unit, and the middle tap is used to output a reference voltage to the forward conduction unit when the switch unit is turned on.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块还包括，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3、第一稳压电容C1以及第二稳压电容C2，其中：上述第一整流二极管D1的负极与上述副边绕组的负极相连，上述第一整流二极管D1的正极接地；上述第二整流二极管D2的负极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第二整流二极管D2的正极接地；上述第三整流二极管D3的正极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第三整流二极管D3的负极与上述开关单元及上述第二稳压电容C2相连；上述第一稳压电容C1的一端与上述中间抽头及上述正向导通单元相连，上述第一稳压电容C1的另一端接地；上述第二稳压电容C2的一端与上述开关单元相连，上述第二稳压电容C2的另一端接地。In some possible implementations, the power driving module further includes a first rectifier diode D1, a second rectifier diode D2, a third rectifier diode D3, a first voltage stabilization capacitor C1 and a second voltage stabilization capacitor C2, wherein: the above The cathode of the first rectifier diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding, the anode of the first rectifier diode D1 is grounded; the cathode of the second rectifier diode D2 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the second rectifier diode D2 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding. The anode is grounded; the anode of the third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the switch unit and the second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2; the first voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 One end is connected to the middle tap and the forward conducting unit, the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor C1 is grounded; one end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 is connected to the switch unit, and the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 ground.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述开关单元包括三极管Q2，其中：上述 三极管Q2的发射极E与上述第三整流二极管的负极相连，上述三极管Q2的基极B通过第一保护电阻R1接地，上述三极管Q2的集电极C与上述正向导通单元相连。In some feasible implementations, the switching unit includes a transistor Q2, wherein: the emitter E of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the third rectifier diode, the base B of the transistor Q2 is grounded through the first protection resistor R1, and the above The collector C of the transistor Q2 is connected to the above-mentioned forward conducting unit.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元包括场效应管Q1，其中：上述场效应管Q1的栅极G通过第二保护电阻R2与上述开关单元中三极管Q2的集电极C相连，上述场效应管Q1的源极S与上述外接电池组相连，上述场效应管Q1的漏极D与上述中间抽头相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时，在上述场效应管Q1的栅极G与上述场效应管Q1的源极S之间产生导通电压而导通。In some feasible implementations, the forward conduction unit includes a field effect transistor Q1, wherein: the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the collector C of the transistor Q2 in the switching unit through the second protection resistor R2, and the above The source S of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the external battery pack, and the drain D of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the middle tap, so that when the switching unit is turned on, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected A conduction voltage is generated between it and the source S of the above-mentioned field effect transistor Q1 to be turned on.
在一些可行的实施方式中，当外接电池组正向接通时，电能驱动模块开始工作，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及稳压电容C1将中间抽头处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V OUT。其中，V OUT的电压大小与车载蓄电池的电压相同，可以等于电能驱动模块的输出电压。而第三整流二极管D3和第二稳压电容C2将副边绕组正极处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V 1，V 1的电压大小可以是V OUT的2倍。其中，直流电压V 1通过保护电阻R1作用于三极管Q2的发射极E，使得三极管Q2的发射极E、基极B之间形成偏置电流，从而使得三极管Q2的发射极E与集电极C导通。V1通过三极管Q2、第二保护电阻R2施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G，从而使得场效应管Q1导通，实现在正常工作时防反接电路低阻抗的要求。 In some possible implementations, when the external battery pack is turned on in the forward direction, the power drive module starts to work, and the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 rectify and stabilize the AC voltage at the center tap to DC voltage V OUT . Among them, the voltage of V OUT is the same as the voltage of the on-board battery, and can be equal to the output voltage of the electric energy drive module. The third rectifier diode D3 and the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 rectify and stabilize the AC voltage at the anode of the secondary winding to a DC voltage V 1 , and the voltage of V 1 can be twice that of V OUT . Among them, the DC voltage V1 acts on the emitter E of the transistor Q2 through the protection resistor R1, so that a bias current is formed between the emitter E and the base B of the transistor Q2, so that the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2 conduct Pass. V1 is applied to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 through the transistor Q2 and the second protection resistor R2, so that the field effect transistor Q1 is turned on, and the requirement of low impedance of the anti-reverse connection circuit during normal operation is achieved.
当外接电池组反向连接时，外接电池组的正极连接电能驱动模块的负极，与第二稳压电容C2的一端同时接地。外接电池组的负极也通过副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及第三整流二极管D3连接到第二稳压电容C2的另一端。因此第二稳压电容C2两端的电压相等，即V1为0。三极管Q2的发射极E、和集电极C之间不能形成偏置电流，三极管Q2不能导通。因此场效应管Q1的栅极G低于导通电压，场效应管Q1处于截止状态，正向阻抗很大，从而使得外接电池组反接之后不会经由副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3 以及场效应管Q1形成大电流，保护了电能驱动模块中的元件。When the external battery pack is reversely connected, the positive pole of the external battery pack is connected to the negative pole of the power drive module, and is grounded simultaneously with one end of the second voltage stabilizing capacitor C2. The negative electrode of the external battery pack is also connected to the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 through the secondary winding, the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the third rectifier diode D3. Therefore, the voltages across the second voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 are equal, that is, V1 is 0. A bias current cannot be formed between the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2, and the transistor Q2 cannot be turned on. Therefore, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is lower than the turn-on voltage, the field effect transistor Q1 is in the off state, and the forward impedance is very large, so that the external battery pack will not pass through the secondary winding, the first rectifier diode D1, The second rectifier diode D2, the third rectifier diode D3 and the field effect transistor Q1 form a large current, which protects the components in the power drive module.
在一些可行的实施方式中，V OUT等于电能驱动模块的输出电压，大小在10-14V之间，而V 1的电压值是V OUT的2倍，因此施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G和源极S之间的电压等同于V OUT，足以驱动场效应管Q1进入低阻抗状态。 In some feasible implementations, V OUT is equal to the output voltage of the power drive module, which is between 10-14V, and the voltage value of V 1 is twice that of V OUT , so it is applied to the gates G and G of the field effect transistor Q1. The voltage across source S is equal to V OUT and is sufficient to drive FET Q1 into a low impedance state.
本申请实施例，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，其中：上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；上述电能驱动模块用于为上述开关单元提供驱动电压；上述开关单元的一端与上述正向导通单元相连，上述开关单元的另一端接地，用于在上述电能驱动模块提供的驱动电压大于或等于导通阈值时导通，在上述电能驱动单元提供的驱动电压小于导通阈值时截止；上述正向导通单元与外接电池组相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述外接电池组形成闭合回路。采用三极管作为开关单元、场效应管作为正向导通单元，有效避免了因外接电池反接而对驱动装置的内部器件造成损坏，增强了驱动装置的安全性。此外，利用在变压绕组的中间增加抽头的方法，为三极管和场效应管提供导通电压，有效地简化了防反接电路，减少了设计及维护成本。The embodiment of the present application includes an electric power driving module and an anti-reverse connection module, wherein: the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit; the above-mentioned electric power driving module is used to provide a driving voltage for the above-mentioned switch unit; one end of the above-mentioned switch unit is connected to The above-mentioned forward conduction unit is connected, and the other end of the above-mentioned switch unit is grounded, and is used for conducting when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving module is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold value, and when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving unit is less than the conduction threshold value. Cut off; the forward conduction unit is connected to the external battery pack, and is used to form a closed loop with the external battery pack when the switch unit is turned on. The triode is used as the switch unit and the field effect transistor is used as the forward conduction unit, which effectively avoids damage to the internal components of the drive device due to the reverse connection of the external battery, and enhances the safety of the drive device. In addition, the method of adding a tap in the middle of the transformer winding provides the on-voltage for the triode and the field effect transistor, which effectively simplifies the anti-reverse connection circuit and reduces the design and maintenance cost.
可选地，如图2所示，图2是本申请提供的一种车载驱动防反接设备结构示意图。车载驱动防反接设备10包括车载供能单元101以及车载驱动防反接装置102。其中，车载供能单元101包括半桥驱动电路，车载驱动防反接装置102包括电能驱动模块20以及防反接模块30，上述防反接模块30包括开关单元301和正向导通单元302；Optionally, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the present application. The in-vehicle drive anti-reverse connection device 10 includes an in-vehicle power supply unit 101 and an in-vehicle drive anti-reverse connection device 102 . The on-board power supply unit 101 includes a half-bridge drive circuit, the on-board drive anti-reverse connection device 102 includes an electric power drive module 20 and an anti-reverse connection module 30, and the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module 30 includes a switch unit 301 and a forward conduction unit 302;
上述开关单元301的一端连接上述电能驱动模块20，上述开关单元301的另一端连接上述正向导通单元302，上述正向导通单元302的一端连接上述电能驱动模块20，上述正向导通单元302的另一端连接车载蓄电池40及外接电池组50，上述车载蓄电池40与上述外接电池组50并联；One end of the switch unit 301 is connected to the power drive module 20, the other end of the switch unit 301 is connected to the forward conduction unit 302, one end of the forward conduction unit 302 is connected to the power drive module 20, and the forward conduction unit 302 is connected to the power drive module 20. The other end is connected to a vehicle-mounted battery 40 and an external battery pack 50, and the vehicle-mounted battery 40 is connected in parallel with the external battery pack 50;
上述电能驱动模块20用于在上述外接电池组50正向接入时向上述开关单元301输出大于或等于导通阈值的驱动电压以导通上述开关单元301， 上述正向导通单元302用于在上述开关单元301导通时导通并与上述车载蓄电池40形成闭合回路以为上述车载蓄电池40充电，其中，上述外接电池组50反向接入时上述电能驱动模块20向上述开关单元301输出的驱动电压小于上述导通阈值，上述开关单元301截止。The power driving module 20 is used for outputting a driving voltage greater than or equal to the conduction threshold to the switch unit 301 when the external battery pack 50 is connected in the forward direction to turn on the switch unit 301, and the forward conduction unit 302 is used for turning on the switch unit 301. When the switch unit 301 is turned on, it conducts and forms a closed loop with the on-board battery 40 to charge the on-board battery 40 . When the voltage is lower than the above-mentioned turn-on threshold, the above-mentioned switch unit 301 is turned off.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块20包括变压绕组，上述变压绕组包括原边绕组及副边绕组，上述原边绕组与车载供能单元相连，上述副边绕组的正极与上述开关单元301相连，上述副边绕组的负极接地，上述电能驱动模块20用于将上述车载供能单元的输出电压转换成驱动电压并输出至上述开关单元301。In some possible implementations, the electric energy drive module 20 includes a transformer winding, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected to the vehicle power supply unit, and the positive pole of the secondary winding is connected to the The switch unit 301 is connected to each other, the negative electrode of the secondary winding is grounded, and the power drive module 20 is used to convert the output voltage of the vehicle power supply unit into a drive voltage and output to the switch unit 301 .
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述副边绕组还包括中间抽头，上述中间抽头与正向导通单元302相连，上述中间抽头用于在上述开关单元301导通时向上述正向导通单元302输出基准电压。In some feasible implementation manners, the secondary winding further includes a middle tap, the middle tap is connected to the forward conduction unit 302, and the middle tap is used to output a reference to the forward conduction unit 302 when the switch unit 301 is turned on Voltage.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块20还包括，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3、第一稳压电容C1以及第二稳压电容C2，其中：上述第一整流二极管D1的负极与上述副边绕组的负极相连，上述第一整流二极管D1的正极接地；上述第二整流二极管D2的负极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第二整流二极管D2的正极接地；上述第三整流二极管D3的正极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第三整流二极管D3的负极与上述开关单元301及上述第二稳压电容C2相连；上述稳压电容C1的一端与上述中间抽头及上述正向导通单元302相连，上述稳压电容C1的另一端接地；上述第二稳压电容C2的一端与上述开关单元301相连，上述第二稳压电容C2的另一端接地。In some possible implementations, the power driving module 20 further includes a first rectifier diode D1, a second rectifier diode D2, a third rectifier diode D3, a first voltage stabilization capacitor C1 and a second voltage stabilization capacitor C2, wherein: The cathode of the first rectifier diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding, the anode of the first rectifier diode D1 is grounded; the cathode of the second rectifier diode D2 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the second rectifier diode D2 The positive pole of the above-mentioned third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the positive pole of the above-mentioned secondary winding, and the negative pole of the above-mentioned third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the above-mentioned switching unit 301 and the above-mentioned second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2; One end is connected to the above-mentioned middle tap and the above-mentioned forward conduction unit 302, the other end of the above-mentioned voltage stabilization capacitor C1 is grounded; ground.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述开关单元301包括三极管Q2，其中：上述三极管Q2的发射极E与上述第三整流二极管的负极相连，上述三极管Q2的基极B通过第一保护电阻接地，上述三极管Q2的集电极C与上述正向导通单元302相连。In some possible implementations, the switching unit 301 includes a transistor Q2, wherein: the emitter E of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the third rectifier diode, the base B of the transistor Q2 is grounded through the first protection resistor, and the above The collector C of the transistor Q2 is connected to the above-mentioned forward conduction unit 302 .
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元302包括场效应管Q1， 其中：上述场效应管Q1的栅极G通过第二保护电阻与上述开关单元中三极管Q2的集电极C相连，上述场效应管Q1的源极S与上述外接电池组50相连，上述场效应管Q1的漏极D与上述中间抽头相连，用于在上述开关单元301导通时，在上述场效应管Q1的栅极G与上述场效应管Q1的源极S之间产生导通电压而导通。In some feasible implementations, the forward conducting unit 302 includes a field effect transistor Q1, wherein: the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the collector C of the transistor Q2 in the switching unit through a second protection resistor, and the above The source S of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the external battery pack 50, and the drain D of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the middle tap, so that when the switch unit 301 is turned on, the gate of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to An on-voltage is generated between the electrode G and the source S of the field effect transistor Q1 to be turned on.
在一些可行的实施方式中，当外接电池组50正向接通时，电能驱动模块20开始工作，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及稳压电容C1将中间抽头处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V OUT。其中，V OUT的电压大小与车载蓄电池40的电压相同，可以等于电能驱动模块20的输出电压。而第三整流二极管D3和第二稳压电容C2将副边绕组正极处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V 1，V 1的电压大小可以是V OUT的2倍。其中，直流电压V 1通过保护电阻R1作用于三极管Q2的发射极E，使得三极管Q2的发射极E、基极B之间形成偏置电流，从而使得三极管Q2的发射极E与集电极C导通。V 1通过三极管Q2、第二保护电阻R2施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G，从而使得场效应管Q1导通，实现在正常工作时防反接电路低阻抗的要求。 In some possible implementations, when the external battery pack 50 is turned on in the forward direction, the power drive module 20 starts to work, and the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 rectify the AC voltage at the center tap stabilized to the DC voltage V OUT . Wherein, the voltage of V OUT is the same as the voltage of the vehicle battery 40 , and may be equal to the output voltage of the electric energy driving module 20 . The third rectifier diode D3 and the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 rectify and stabilize the AC voltage at the anode of the secondary winding to a DC voltage V 1 , and the voltage of V 1 can be twice that of V OUT . Among them, the DC voltage V1 acts on the emitter E of the transistor Q2 through the protection resistor R1, so that a bias current is formed between the emitter E and the base B of the transistor Q2, so that the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2 conduct Pass. V 1 is applied to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 through the transistor Q2 and the second protection resistor R2, so that the field effect transistor Q1 is turned on and realizes the requirement of low impedance of the anti-reverse connection circuit during normal operation.
当外接电池组50反向连接时，外接电池组50的正极连接电能驱动模块20的负极，与第二稳压电容C2的一端同时接地。外接电池组50的负极也通过副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及第三整流二极管D3连接到第二稳压电容C2的另一端。因此第二稳压电容C2两端的电压相等，即V1为0。三极管Q2的发射极E、和集电极C之间不能形成偏置电流，三极管Q2不能导通。因此场效应管Q1的栅极G低于导通电压，场效应管Q1处于截止状态，正向阻抗很大，从而使得外接电池组50反接之后不会经由副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3以及场效应管Q1形成大电流，保护了电能驱动模块20中的元件。When the external battery pack 50 is reversely connected, the positive pole of the external battery pack 50 is connected to the negative pole of the power drive module 20 , and is grounded simultaneously with one end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 . The negative electrode of the external battery pack 50 is also connected to the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 through the secondary winding, the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the third rectifier diode D3. Therefore, the voltages across the second voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 are equal, that is, V1 is 0. A bias current cannot be formed between the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2, and the transistor Q2 cannot be turned on. Therefore, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is lower than the turn-on voltage, the field effect transistor Q1 is in the off state, and the forward impedance is large, so that the external battery pack 50 will not pass through the secondary winding and the first rectifier diode D1 after the reverse connection. , the second rectifier diode D2 , the third rectifier diode D3 and the field effect transistor Q1 form a large current, which protects the components in the power drive module 20 .
在一些可行的实施方式中，V OUT等于电能驱动模块20的输出电压，大 小在10-14V之间，而V 1的电压值是V OUT的2倍，因此施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G和源极S之间的电压等同于V OUT，足以驱动场效应管Q1进入低阻抗状态。 In some feasible implementations, V OUT is equal to the output voltage of the power drive module 20 , which is between 10-14V, and the voltage value of V 1 is twice that of V OUT , so it is applied to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 The voltage between S and source S is equal to V OUT and is sufficient to drive FET Q1 into a low impedance state.
本申请实施例提供的车载驱动防反接设备，包括车载供能单元、电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，其中：上述车载供能单元包括半桥驱动电路，上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；上述电能驱动模块用于为上述开关单元提供驱动电压；上述开关单元的一端与上述正向导通单元相连，上述开关单元的另一端接地，用于在上述电能驱动模块提供的驱动电压大于或等于导通阈值时导通，在上述电能驱动单元提供的驱动电压小于导通阈值时截止；上述正向导通单元与外接电池组相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述外接电池组形成闭合回路。采用三极管作为开关单元、场效应管作为正向导通单元，有效避免了因外接电池反接而对驱动装置的内部器件造成损坏，增强了驱动装置的安全性。此外，利用在变压绕组的中间增加抽头的方法，为三极管和场效应管提供导通电压，有效地简化了防反接电路，减少了设计及维护成本。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a vehicle-mounted power supply unit, an electric power drive module, and an anti-reverse connection module, wherein: the vehicle-mounted power supply unit includes a half-bridge drive circuit, and the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a positive a conduction unit; the power drive module is used to provide a drive voltage for the switch unit; one end of the switch unit is connected to the forward conduction unit, and the other end of the switch unit is grounded for the drive voltage provided by the power drive module It is turned on when it is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold, and is turned off when the driving voltage provided by the electric energy driving unit is less than the conduction threshold; the forward conduction unit is connected to the external battery pack, and is used for connecting with the external battery when the switching unit is turned on. Groups form a closed loop. The triode is used as the switch unit and the field effect transistor is used as the forward conduction unit, which effectively avoids damage to the internal components of the drive device due to the reverse connection of the external battery, and enhances the safety of the drive device. In addition, the method of adding a tap in the middle of the transformer winding provides the on-voltage for the triode and the field effect transistor, which effectively simplifies the anti-reverse connection circuit and reduces the design and maintenance cost.
图3是本申请提供的另一种车载驱动防反接装置示意图，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元，其中：3 is a schematic diagram of another vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device provided by the application, including an electric power drive module and an anti-reverse connection module, and the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit, wherein:
上述开关单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块，上述开关单元的另一端连接上述正向导通单元，上述正向导通单元的一端连接上述电能驱动模块，上述正向导通单元的另一端连接车载蓄电池及外接电池组，上述车载蓄电池与上述外接电池组并联；One end of the switch unit is connected to the power drive module, the other end of the switch unit is connected to the forward conduction unit, one end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the power drive module, and the other end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the vehicle battery and the external a battery pack, the on-board battery is connected in parallel with the external battery pack;
上述电能驱动模块用于在上述外接电池组正向接入时向上述开关单元输出大于或等于导通阈值的驱动电压以导通上述开关单元，上述正向导通单元用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述车载蓄电池形成闭合回路以为上述车载蓄电池充电。其中，上述外接电池组反向接入时上述电能驱动模块向上述开关单元输出的驱动电压小于上述导通阈值，上述开关单元截止。The power driving module is used for outputting a driving voltage greater than or equal to a conduction threshold to the switch unit when the external battery pack is connected in a forward direction to turn on the switch unit, and the forward conduction unit is used to turn on the switch unit At the same time, it forms a closed circuit with the vehicle battery to charge the vehicle battery. Wherein, when the external battery pack is reversely connected, the driving voltage output by the power driving module to the switch unit is less than the turn-on threshold, and the switch unit is turned off.
在一些可行的实施方式中，由于车载低压蓄电池是铅酸电池，容量较小，同时存在自放电。因此在一段时间不使用汽车后，车载电池会进入馈电状态，电压低至整车很多低压系统无法工作，这其中也包括电能驱动模块。为了使汽车恢复正常工作的能力，这时一般需要使用外部电池搭接在整车低压电路上，使得低压供电系统的电压恢复至正常水平，电能驱动模块能够工作为低压系统供电并对蓄电池充电。但当外接电池的正极连接电能驱动模块的负极，外接电池的负极连接电能驱动模块的正极)，由于电能驱动模块里面负极到正极的阻抗极低，反接相当于直接使车载蓄电池短路，会形成很大的电流损坏电能驱动模块中的元件。In some feasible embodiments, since the on-board low-voltage battery is a lead-acid battery, the capacity is relatively small, and there is self-discharge at the same time. Therefore, after the car is not used for a period of time, the on-board battery will enter the feeding state, and the voltage is so low that many low-voltage systems of the whole vehicle cannot work, including the electric power drive module. In order to restore the ability of the car to work normally, it is generally necessary to use an external battery to connect to the low-voltage circuit of the whole vehicle, so that the voltage of the low-voltage power supply system returns to the normal level, and the power drive module can work to supply power to the low-voltage system and charge the battery. However, when the positive pole of the external battery is connected to the negative pole of the power drive module, and the negative pole of the external battery is connected to the positive pole of the power drive module), because the impedance from the negative pole to the positive pole in the power drive module is extremely low, the reverse connection is equivalent to directly short-circuiting the vehicle battery, which will form The high current can damage the components in the electrical drive module.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块包括变压绕组，上述变压绕组包括原边绕组及副边绕组，上述原边绕组与车载供能单元相连，上述副边绕组的正极与上述开关单元相连，上述副边绕组的负极接地，上述电能驱动模块用于将上述车载供能单元的输出电压转换成驱动电压并输出至上述开关单元。In some feasible implementations, the power drive module includes a transformer winding, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, the primary winding is connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply unit, and the positive pole of the secondary winding is connected to the switch The units are connected to each other, the negative electrode of the secondary winding is grounded, and the electric energy driving module is used to convert the output voltage of the vehicle power supply unit into a driving voltage and output it to the switch unit.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述副边绕组还包括中间抽头，上述中间抽头与正向导通单元相连，上述中间抽头用于在上述开关单元导通时向上述正向导通单元输出基准电压。In some feasible implementation manners, the secondary winding further includes a middle tap, the middle tap is connected to the forward conduction unit, and the middle tap is used to output a reference voltage to the forward conduction unit when the switch unit is turned on.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块还包括，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3、第一稳压电容C1以及第二稳压电容C2，其中：上述第一整流二极管D1的负极与上述副边绕组的负极相连，上述第一整流二极管D1的正极接地；上述第二整流二极管D2的负极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第二整流二极管D2的正极接地；上述第三整流二极管D3的正极与上述副边绕组的正极相连，上述第三整流二极管D3的负极与上述开关单元及上述第二稳压电容C2相连；上述稳压电容C1的一端与上述中间抽头及上述正向导通单元相连，上述稳压电容C1的另一端接地；上述第二稳压电容C2的一端与上述开关单元相连，上述第二稳压电容C2的另一端接地。In some possible implementations, the power driving module further includes a first rectifier diode D1, a second rectifier diode D2, a third rectifier diode D3, a first voltage stabilization capacitor C1 and a second voltage stabilization capacitor C2, wherein: the above The cathode of the first rectifier diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding, the anode of the first rectifier diode D1 is grounded; the cathode of the second rectifier diode D2 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the second rectifier diode D2 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding. The anode is grounded; the anode of the third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode D3 is connected to the switch unit and the second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2; one end of the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 is connected to the The middle tap is connected to the forward conducting unit, the other end of the voltage stabilization capacitor C1 is grounded; one end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 is connected to the switch unit, and the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 is grounded.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述电能驱动模块还包括第四整流二极管D4，上述第四整流二极管D4的正极与上述副边绕组的负极及上述第一整流二极管D1的负极相连，上述第四整流二极管D4的正极与上述第三整流二极管D3的负极及上述第二稳压电容C2相连。上述第四整流二极管D4增强了施加在上述第二稳压电容C2上的电压，进一步增加电能驱动模块的稳定性。In some possible implementations, the power drive module further includes a fourth rectifier diode D4, the anode of the fourth rectifier diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding and the cathode of the first rectifier diode D1, and the fourth rectifier diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding and the cathode of the first rectifier diode D1. The anode of the diode D4 is connected to the cathode of the third rectifier diode D3 and the second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2. The above-mentioned fourth rectifier diode D4 enhances the voltage applied to the above-mentioned second voltage-stabilizing capacitor C2, and further increases the stability of the power driving module.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述开关单元包括三极管Q2，其中：上述三极管Q2的发射极E与上述第三整流二极管的负极相连，上述三极管Q2的基极B通过第一保护电阻接地，上述三极管Q2的集电极C与上述正向导通单元相连。In some feasible implementations, the switching unit includes a transistor Q2, wherein: the emitter E of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the third rectifier diode, the base B of the transistor Q2 is grounded through a first protection resistor, and the transistor Q2 is connected to the ground through a first protection resistor. The collector C of Q2 is connected to the above-mentioned forward conducting unit.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元包括场效应管Q1，其中：上述场效应管Q1的栅极G通过第二保护电阻R2与上述开关单元中三极管Q2的集电极C相连，上述场效应管Q1的源极S与上述外接电池组相连，上述场效应管Q1的漏极D与上述中间抽头相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时，在上述场效应管Q1的栅极G与上述场效应管Q1的源极S之间产生导通电压而导通。In some possible implementations, the forward conduction unit includes a field effect transistor Q1, wherein: the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the collector C of the transistor Q2 in the switching unit through the second protection resistor R2, and the above The source S of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the external battery pack, and the drain D of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the middle tap, so that when the switching unit is turned on, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1. A conduction voltage is generated between the MOSFET and the source S of the field effect transistor Q1 to be turned on.
在一些可行的实施方式中，当外接电池组正向接通时，电能驱动模块开始工作，第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及稳压电容C1将中间抽头处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V OUT。其中，V OUT的电压大小与车载蓄电池的电压相同，可以等于电能驱动模块的输出电压。而第三整流二极管D3和第二稳压电容C2将副边绕组正极处的交流电压整流稳定为直流电压V 1，V 1的电压大小可以是V OUT的2倍。其中，直流电压V 1通过保护电阻R1作用于三极管Q2的发射极E，使得三极管Q2的发射极E、基极B之间形成偏置电流，从而使得三极管Q2的发射极E与集电极C导通。V 1通过三极管Q2、第二保护电阻R2施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G，从而使得场效应管Q1导通，实现在正常工作时防反接电路低阻抗的要求。 In some possible implementations, when the external battery pack is turned on in the forward direction, the power drive module starts to work, and the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the voltage-stabilizing capacitor C1 rectify and stabilize the AC voltage at the center tap to DC voltage V OUT . Among them, the voltage of V OUT is the same as the voltage of the on-board battery, and can be equal to the output voltage of the electric energy drive module. The third rectifier diode D3 and the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 rectify and stabilize the AC voltage at the anode of the secondary winding to a DC voltage V 1 , and the voltage of V 1 can be twice that of V OUT . Among them, the DC voltage V1 acts on the emitter E of the transistor Q2 through the protection resistor R1, so that a bias current is formed between the emitter E and the base B of the transistor Q2, so that the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2 conduct Pass. V 1 is applied to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 through the transistor Q2 and the second protection resistor R2, so that the field effect transistor Q1 is turned on and realizes the requirement of low impedance of the anti-reverse connection circuit during normal operation.
当外接电池组反向连接时，外接电池组的正极连接电能驱动模块的负 极，与第二稳压电容C2的一端同时接地。外接电池组的负极也通过副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2以及第三整流二极管D3连接到第二稳压电容C2的另一端。因此第二稳压电容C2两端的电压相等，即V1为0。三极管Q2的发射极E、和集电极C之间不能形成偏置电流，三极管Q2不能导通。因此场效应管Q1的栅极G低于导通电压，场效应管Q1处于截止状态，正向阻抗很大，从而使得外接电池组反接之后不会经由副边绕组、第一整流二极管D1、第二整流二极管D2、第三整流二极管D3以及场效应管Q1形成大电流，保护了电能驱动模块中的元件。When the external battery pack is reversely connected, the positive pole of the external battery pack is connected to the negative pole of the power drive module, and is grounded simultaneously with one end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2. The negative electrode of the external battery pack is also connected to the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor C2 through the secondary winding, the first rectifier diode D1, the second rectifier diode D2 and the third rectifier diode D3. Therefore, the voltages across the second voltage stabilizing capacitor C2 are equal, that is, V1 is 0. A bias current cannot be formed between the emitter E and the collector C of the transistor Q2, and the transistor Q2 cannot be turned on. Therefore, the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1 is lower than the turn-on voltage, the field effect transistor Q1 is in the off state, and the forward impedance is very large, so that the external battery pack will not pass through the secondary winding, the first rectifier diode D1, The second rectifier diode D2, the third rectifier diode D3 and the field effect transistor Q1 form a large current, which protects the components in the power drive module.
在一些可行的实施方式中，V OUT等于电能驱动模块的输出电压，大小在10-14V之间，而V1的电压值是V OUT的2倍，因此施加在场效应管Q1的栅极G和源极S之间的电压等同于V OUT，足以驱动场效应管Q1进入低阻抗状态。 In some feasible implementations, V OUT is equal to the output voltage of the power drive module, which is between 10-14V, and the voltage value of V1 is twice that of V OUT , so it is applied to the gate G and source of the FET Q1 The voltage between pole S is equal to V OUT and is sufficient to drive FET Q1 into a low impedance state.
在一些可行的实施方式中，上述正向导通单元还包括钳位二极管ZD1，上述钳位二极管ZD1的负极连接上述场效应管Q1的栅极G，和上述钳位二极管的正极连接上述场效应管Q1的源极S，上述钳位二极管ZD1用于限制上述场效应管的栅极G和源极S之间的电压以防止场效应管Q1被击穿。In some possible embodiments, the forward conducting unit further includes a clamping diode ZD1, the cathode of the clamping diode ZD1 is connected to the gate G of the field effect transistor Q1, and the anode of the clamping diode is connected to the field effect transistor The source S of Q1, the above-mentioned clamping diode ZD1 is used to limit the voltage between the gate G and the source S of the above-mentioned field effect transistor to prevent the field effect transistor Q1 from being broken down.
本申请实施例，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，其中：上述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；上述电能驱动模块用于为上述开关单元提供驱动电压；上述开关单元的一端与上述正向导通单元相连，上述开关单元的另一端接地，用于在上述电能驱动模块提供的驱动电压大于或等于导通阈值时导通，在上述电能驱动单元提供的驱动电压小于导通阈值时截止；上述正向导通单元与外接电池组相连，用于在上述开关单元导通时与上述外接电池组形成闭合回路。采用三极管作为开关单元、场效应管作为正向导通单元，有效避免了因外接电池反接而对驱动装置的内部器件造成损坏，增强了驱动装置的安全性。此外，利用在变压绕组的中间增加抽头的方法，为三极管和场效应管提供导通电压，有效地简化了防反接电 路，减少了设计及维护成本。The embodiment of the present application includes an electric power driving module and an anti-reverse connection module, wherein: the above-mentioned anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit; the above-mentioned electric power driving module is used to provide a driving voltage for the above-mentioned switch unit; one end of the above-mentioned switch unit is connected to The above-mentioned forward conduction unit is connected, and the other end of the above-mentioned switch unit is grounded, and is used for conducting when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving module is greater than or equal to the conduction threshold value, and when the driving voltage provided by the above-mentioned electric energy driving unit is less than the conduction threshold value. Cut off; the forward conduction unit is connected to the external battery pack, and is used to form a closed loop with the external battery pack when the switch unit is turned on. The triode is used as the switch unit and the field effect transistor is used as the forward conduction unit, which effectively avoids damage to the internal components of the drive device due to the reverse connection of the external battery, and enhances the safety of the drive device. In addition, the method of adding a tap in the middle of the transformer winding provides the on-voltage for the triode and the field effect transistor, which effectively simplifies the anti-reverse connection circuit and reduces the design and maintenance cost.
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，包括电能驱动模块以及防反接模块，所述防反接模块包括开关单元和正向导通单元；A vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device is characterized in that it includes an electric power drive module and an anti-reverse connection module, and the anti-reverse connection module includes a switch unit and a forward conduction unit;
    所述开关单元的一端连接所述电能驱动模块，所述开关单元的另一端连接所述正向导通单元，所述正向导通单元的一端连接所述电能驱动模块，所述正向导通单元的另一端连接车载蓄电池及外接电池组，所述车载蓄电池与所述外接电池组并联；One end of the switch unit is connected to the power drive module, the other end of the switch unit is connected to the forward conduction unit, one end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the power drive module, and the other end of the forward conduction unit is connected to the power drive module. The other end is connected to a vehicle battery and an external battery pack, and the vehicle battery is connected in parallel with the external battery pack;
    所述电能驱动模块用于在所述外接电池组正向接入时向所述开关单元输出大于或等于导通阈值的驱动电压以导通所述开关单元，所述正向导通单元用于在所述开关单元导通时与所述车载蓄电池形成闭合回路以为所述车载蓄电池充电，其中，所述外接电池组反向接入时所述电能驱动模块向所述开关单元输出的驱动电压小于所述导通阈值，所述开关单元截止。The electric energy driving module is used for outputting a driving voltage greater than or equal to a turn-on threshold to the switch unit to turn on the switch unit when the external battery pack is connected in a forward direction, and the forward turn-on unit is used for turning on the switch unit. When the switch unit is turned on, it forms a closed loop with the vehicle battery to charge the vehicle battery, wherein when the external battery pack is reversely connected, the driving voltage output by the electric energy drive module to the switch unit is less than When the turn-on threshold is reached, the switch unit is turned off.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述电能驱动模块包括变压绕组，所述变压绕组包括原边绕组及副边绕组，所述原边绕组与车载供能单元相连，所述副边绕组的正极与所述开关单元相连，所述副边绕组的负极接地，所述电能驱动模块用于将所述车载供能单元的输出电压转换成驱动电压并输出至所述开关单元。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 1, wherein the electric power drive module includes a transformer winding, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the primary winding is connected to the vehicle power supply. connected to the power unit, the positive pole of the secondary winding is connected to the switch unit, the negative pole of the secondary winding is grounded, and the electrical energy drive module is used to convert the output voltage of the vehicle power supply unit into a drive voltage and output it to the switch unit.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述副边绕组还包括中间抽头，所述中间抽头与正向导通单元相连，所述中间抽头用于在所述开关单元导通时向所述正向导通单元输出基准电压。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 2, wherein the secondary winding further comprises a middle tap, the middle tap is connected to the forward conduction unit, and the middle tap is used for the switching unit When turned on, a reference voltage is output to the forward conducting unit.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述电能驱动模块还包括，第一整流二极管、第二整流二极管、第三整流二极管、第一稳压电容以及第二稳压电容，其中：The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 3, wherein the power drive module further comprises a first rectifier diode, a second rectifier diode, a third rectifier diode, a first voltage stabilizer capacitor and a second stabilizer diode. Piezoelectric capacitance, where:
    所述第一整流二极管的负极与所述副边绕组的负极相连，所述第一整流二极管的正极接地；The cathode of the first rectifier diode is connected to the cathode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the first rectifier diode is grounded;
    所述第二整流二极管的负极与所述副边绕组的正极相连，所述第二整流二极管的正极接地；The cathode of the second rectifier diode is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the anode of the second rectifier diode is grounded;
    所述第三整流二极管的正极与所述副边绕组的正极相连，所述第三整流二极管的负极与所述开关单元及所述第二稳压电容相连；The anode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the anode of the secondary winding, and the cathode of the third rectifier diode is connected to the switch unit and the second voltage stabilization capacitor;
    所述第一稳压电容的一端与所述中间抽头及所述正向导通单元相连，所述第一稳压电容的另一端接地；One end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor is connected to the middle tap and the forward conducting unit, and the other end of the first voltage stabilization capacitor is grounded;
    所述第二稳压电容的一端与所述开关单元相连，所述第二稳压电容的另一端接地。One end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor is connected to the switch unit, and the other end of the second voltage stabilization capacitor is grounded.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述开关单元包括三极管，其中：The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 4, wherein the switch unit comprises a triode, wherein:
    所述三极管的发射极所述第三整流二极管的负极及第二稳压电容相连，所述三极管的基极通过第一保护电阻接地，所述三极管的集电极与所述正向导通单元相连。The emitter of the triode is connected to the cathode of the third rectifier diode and the second voltage stabilization capacitor, the base of the triode is grounded through the first protection resistor, and the collector of the triode is connected to the forward conducting unit.
  6. 如权利要求5所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述正向导通单元包括场效应管，其中：The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 5, wherein the forward conduction unit comprises a field effect transistor, wherein:
    所述场效应管的栅极通过第二保护电阻与所述开关单元中三极管的集电极相连，所述场效应管的源极与所述外接电池组相连，所述场效应管的漏极与所述中间抽头相连，用于在所述开关单元导通时，在所述场效应管的栅极与所述场效应管的源极之间产生导通电压而导通。The gate of the field effect transistor is connected to the collector of the triode in the switch unit through the second protection resistor, the source of the field effect transistor is connected to the external battery pack, and the drain of the field effect transistor is connected to the external battery pack. The middle tap is connected, and is used for generating a turn-on voltage between the gate electrode of the field effect transistor and the source electrode of the field effect transistor when the switch unit is turned on, so as to be turned on.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述正向导通单元还包括钳位二极管，所述钳位二极管的负极连接所述场效应管的栅极，和所述钳位二极管的正极连接所述场效应管的源极，所述钳位二极 管用于限制所述场效应管的栅极和源极之间的电压以防止所述场效应管被击穿。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 6, wherein the forward conduction unit further comprises a clamp diode, and the cathode of the clamp diode is connected to the gate of the field effect transistor, and the The anode of the clamping diode is connected to the source of the FET, and the clamping diode is used to limit the voltage between the gate and the source of the FET to prevent the FET from being broken down.
  8. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述驱动电压的导通阈值为10～14V。The vehicle-mounted drive reverse connection prevention device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the turn-on threshold of the drive voltage is 10-14V.
  9. 如权利要求4所述的车载驱动防反接装置，其特征在于，所述电能驱动模块还包括第四整流二极管，所述第四整流二极管的正极与所述副边绕组的负极及所述第一整流二极管的负极相连，所述第四整流二极管的负极与所述第三整流二极管的负极及所述第二稳压电容相连。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device according to claim 4, wherein the electric power drive module further comprises a fourth rectifier diode, the anode of the fourth rectifier diode, the cathode of the secondary winding and the fourth rectifier diode. The negative electrode of a rectifier diode is connected to the negative electrode of the fourth rectifier diode, and the negative electrode of the fourth rectifier diode is connected to the negative electrode of the third rectifier diode and the second voltage stabilization capacitor.
  10. 一种车载驱动防反接设备，其特征在于，包括车载供能单元以及如权利要求1-9任一项所述的车载驱动防反接装置；A vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device, characterized in that it comprises a vehicle-mounted power supply unit and the vehicle-mounted drive reverse-connection device according to any one of claims 1-9;
    所述车载驱动防反接装置通过半桥驱动电路连接所述车载供能单元。The vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection device is connected to the vehicle-mounted power supply unit through a half-bridge drive circuit.
PCT/CN2020/140664 2020-12-29 2020-12-29 Vehicle-mounted drive anti-reverse connection apparatus and device WO2022141027A1 (en)

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CN206041552U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-03-22 广州市晨威电子科技有限公司 A protection device for preventing external battery joins conversely
CN206673569U (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-11-24 广州金升阳科技有限公司 The output protection circuit of Switching Power Supply
CN111071049A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-28 苏州海格新能源汽车电控系统科技有限公司 Voltage output reverse connection prevention circuit
CN210744739U (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-06-12 广州视源电子科技股份有限公司 Anti-reverse connection circuit and electronic equipment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN206041552U (en) * 2016-08-24 2017-03-22 广州市晨威电子科技有限公司 A protection device for preventing external battery joins conversely
CN206673569U (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-11-24 广州金升阳科技有限公司 The output protection circuit of Switching Power Supply
CN210744739U (en) * 2019-10-15 2020-06-12 广州视源电子科技股份有限公司 Anti-reverse connection circuit and electronic equipment
CN111071049A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-28 苏州海格新能源汽车电控系统科技有限公司 Voltage output reverse connection prevention circuit

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