WO2022139342A1 - 태양전지의 제조방법 및 그로부터 제조된 태양전지 - Google Patents
태양전지의 제조방법 및 그로부터 제조된 태양전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022139342A1 WO2022139342A1 PCT/KR2021/019262 KR2021019262W WO2022139342A1 WO 2022139342 A1 WO2022139342 A1 WO 2022139342A1 KR 2021019262 W KR2021019262 W KR 2021019262W WO 2022139342 A1 WO2022139342 A1 WO 2022139342A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- solar cell
- layer
- transport layer
- perovskite
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 polyethylene naphthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical group O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- NPNMHHNXCILFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Sn]=O Chemical compound [F].[Sn]=O NPNMHHNXCILFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UPGUYPUREGXCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+) indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[In+3].[Ce+3] UPGUYPUREGXCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATFCOADKYSRZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotungsten Chemical compound [In].[W]=O ATFCOADKYSRZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxozinc;tin Chemical compound [In].[Sn].[Zn]=O HRHKULZDDYWVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn]=O KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 136
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000301 poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 207739-72-8 Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(OC)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 XDXWNHPWWKGTKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/24—Lead compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
- H10K30/57—Photovoltaic [PV] devices comprising multiple junctions, e.g. tandem PV cells
-
- H01L31/0725—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/40—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising a p-i-n structure, e.g. having a perovskite absorber between p-type and n-type charge transport layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
- H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/50—Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/84—Layers having high charge carrier mobility
- H10K30/85—Layers having high electron mobility, e.g. electron-transporting layers or hole-blocking layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/84—Layers having high charge carrier mobility
- H10K30/86—Layers having high hole mobility, e.g. hole-transporting layers or electron-blocking layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solar cell and a solar cell manufactured therefrom, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a perovskite solar cell capable of forming a uniform metal oxide thin film layer, and a perovskite solar cell manufactured therefrom It's about batteries.
- a solar cell is a core element of photovoltaic power generation that directly converts sunlight into electricity, and is currently being widely used for power supply to homes as well as space. Recently, it is used in aviation, meteorological, and communication fields, and solar vehicles and solar air conditioners are also receiving attention.
- perovskite solar cells organic semiconductor-based solar cells
- PSC polymer solar cells
- the perovskite solar cell is a fusion solar cell of a conventional DSSC and a polymer solar cell, and the reliability is improved because it does not use a liquid electrolyte like DSSC. Efficiency is continuously improving through process improvement, material improvement, and structural improvement.
- the solar cell 100 includes a substrate layer 10 , a first electrode layer 20 , a hole transport layer 30 , a photoactive layer 40 , an electron transport layer 50 , and a second electrode layer 60 . is composed
- the hole transport layer 30 or the electron transport layer 50 of the solar cell 100 may include a metal oxide thin film.
- the hole transport layer 30 when a metal oxide thin film is applied, the metal oxide is very stable, Most of them have the advantage of high hole conductivity.
- the surface of the metal oxide is modified using an acid functional group such as acetic acid (AA) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), thereby reducing the amount of metal oxide in the dispersion solvent. make dispersion easier.
- AA acetic acid
- TFA trifluoroacetic acid
- the dispersibility is improved only in a non-polar solvent such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and the dispersibility is improved in a polar solvent such as DI water or ethanol. Still low, there was a problem in that it was difficult to form a metal oxide thin film by using a dispersion containing a metal oxide dispersed in a polar solvent.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a solar cell capable of forming a uniform metal oxide thin film by making the surface-modified metal oxide well dispersed in a polar solvent as well as a non-polar solvent.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solar cell manufactured by the method for manufacturing the solar cell.
- a method for manufacturing a solar cell is a stack in which a first electrode layer, a hole transport layer (HTL), a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer and a second electrode layer are sequentially stacked and preparing water, wherein the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer is formed by coating and drying a dispersion comprising a metal oxide surface-modified with carboxylic acid (R-COOH), a dispersion solvent, and a hydroxide.
- R-COOH carboxylic acid
- the hydrogen ion concentration of the dispersion may be pH 8 to pH 13.
- the hydroxide may be any one selected from the group consisting of NH 4 OH, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBMH), or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- TMAH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TBMH Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- the metal oxide may be tin oxide, and the tin oxide may be SnO 2 .
- carboxylic acid may be acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
- the dispersion solvent may be any one selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), deionized water (DI water), and ethanol, or two or more of them.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- DI water deionized water
- ethanol ethanol
- the laminate may further include a substrate layer on a lower surface of the first electrode layer.
- the photoactive layer may be a perovskite layer.
- a substrate layer, a first electrode layer, a hole transport layer (HTL, Hole Transport Layer), a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer and a second electrode layer are sequentially stacked, the hole transport layer or
- the electron transport layer includes a metal oxide layer, and the metal oxide layer is characterized in that a compound containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) is attached to the surface and the surface-modified metal oxide is uniformly formed as a thin film.
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are each independently formed from Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Cerium Oxide (ICO), Indium Tungsten Oxide (IWO), Zinc Indium Tin Oxide (ZITO), and Zinc Indium Oxide (ZIO).
- ZTO Zinc Tin Oxide
- GITO Gadium Indium Tin Oxide
- GIO Gadium Indium Oxide
- GZO Gaallium Zinc Oxide
- AZO Alluminum doped Zinc Oxide
- FTO Fluorine Tin Oxide
- ZnO Any one selected or may include two or more of them.
- the electron transport layer Ti oxide, Zn oxide, In oxide, Sn oxide, W oxide, Nb oxide, Mo oxide, Mg oxide, Zr oxide, Sr oxide, Yr oxide, La oxide, V oxide, Al oxide, Y Any one selected from the group consisting of oxides, Sc oxides, Sm oxides, Ga oxides, and SrTi oxides, or two or more of them may be included.
- the hole transport layer any one or two or more of them selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide (WO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) and nickel oxide (NiO x ) may include
- the substrate layer silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide), glass, quartz, polyimide (polyimide), polyethylene naphthalate (polyethylenenaphthalate, PEN), polyethylene terephthalate ( polyethyleneterephthalate, PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) may be one selected from the group consisting of, or two or more of them.
- the photoactive layer may be a perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer is CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Cl 3-x , MAPbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Br 3-x , CH 3 NH 3 PbCl x Br 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI x Cl 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI x Br 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbCl x Br 3-x , (CH 3 NH 3 )(HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI 3 , (CH 3 NH 3 )(HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI x Cl 3-x , (CH 3 NH 3 )(HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI x Cl 3-x , (CH 3 NH 3 )(HC
- the solar cell, the perovskite layer including a first perovskite layer and a second perovskite layer stacked on the first perovskite layer perovskite-perovskite tandem can be a structure.
- the solar cell may have a silicon-perovskite tandem structure in which the substrate layer includes a silicon solar cell.
- the surface-modified metal oxide is well dispersed even in a polar solvent to form a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer including a uniform metal oxide thin film can do it
- the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer includes a uniformly formed metal oxide thin film, it can ultimately contribute greatly to improving the performance of the solar cell.
- 1 is a side view showing a perovskite solar cell.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a perovskite solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- connection not only means that certain members are directly connected, but also includes indirectly connected members with other members interposed therebetween.
- the method for manufacturing a solar cell according to the present invention includes manufacturing a laminate in which a first electrode layer, a hole transport layer (HTL), a photoactive layer, an electron transport layer and a second electrode layer are sequentially stacked,
- the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer is characterized in that it is formed by coating and drying a dispersion containing a metal oxide surface-modified with carboxylic acid (R-COOH), a dispersion solvent, and a hydroxide.
- the dispersibility is improved only in a non-polar solvent such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and the dispersibility is low in a polar solvent such as deionized water (DI water) or ethanol.
- DI water deionized water
- DI water deionized water
- the dispersion of the surface-modified metal oxide is well made even in a polar solvent, so that a uniform metal oxide thin film A hole transport layer or an electron transport layer comprising a can be formed.
- the dispersion may exhibit basicity, and the hydrogen ion concentration of the dispersion may be in a range of pH 8 to pH 13.
- the surface-modified metal oxide can be dispersed as uniformly as possible in the dispersion.
- the hydroxide is not particularly limited as long as it contains a hydroxyl group (-OH group), but more specifically, any one selected from the group consisting of NH 4 OH, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, etc. It may be a mixture of two or more types.
- the hydroxide may include an amine group, and specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBMH), and the like.
- TMAH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TBMH Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- the metal oxide may be a tin oxide, and more specifically, the tin oxide may be SnO 2 .
- carboxylic acid may be acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid, but is not limited thereto.
- the dispersion solvent may be a non-polar solvent such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), or a polar solvent such as deionized water (DI water) and ethanol, but is not limited thereto, from the group consisting of the solvents. Any one selected or two or more of them may be used, and various solvents within the range capable of achieving the object of the present invention may be used.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- DI water deionized water
- ethanol ethanol
- the laminate may further include a substrate layer on the lower surface of the first electrode layer, and the photoactive layer is more preferably a perovskite layer.
- HTL Hole Transport Layer
- the device performance of the solar cell 100 including the hole transport layer 30 or the electron transport layer 50 in which the surface-modified metal oxide is uniformly formed as a thin film can be greatly improved.
- the metal oxide may be tin oxide, and more specifically, the tin oxide may be SnO 2 .
- the substrate layer 10 may include a transparent material that allows light to pass therethrough.
- the substrate layer 10 may include a material that selectively transmits light of a desired wavelength.
- the substrate layer 10 may include, for example, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), glass, quartz, or a polymer.
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- the polymer is polyimide (polyimide), polyethylene naphthalate (polyethylenenaphthalate, PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (polyethyleneterephthalate, PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at least any one of may contain one.
- the substrate layer 10 may have a thickness in a range of, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, for example, a thickness of 125 ⁇ m.
- the material and thickness of the substrate layer 10 are not limited to those described above, and may be appropriately selected according to the technical spirit of the present invention.
- a silicon solar cell itself may be used as the substrate layer 10 in addition to those described above, which will be described later.
- the first electrode layer 20 may be formed of a light-transmitting conductive material.
- the light-transmitting conductive material may include, for example, a transparent conductive oxide, a carbonaceous conductive material, and a metallic material.
- the transparent conductive oxide include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Cerium Oxide (ICO), Indium Tungsten Oxide (IWO), Zinc Indium Tin Oxide (ZITO), Zinc Indium Oxide (ZIO), Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO), GITO (Gallium Indium Tin Oxide), GIO (Gallium Indium Oxide), GZO (Gallium Zinc Oxide), AZO (Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide), ZnO, etc.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ICO Indium Cerium Oxide
- IWO Indium Tungsten Oxide
- ZITO Zinc Indium Tin Oxide
- ZIO Zinc Indium Oxide
- ZTO Zinc
- the carbonaceous conductive material for example, graphene or carbon nanotubes may be used, and as the metallic material, for example, a metal (Ag) nanowire, a metal having a multilayer structure such as Au/Ag/Cu/Mg/Mo/Ti A thin film may be used.
- the term "transparent" refers to something that can transmit light to a certain degree or more, and is not necessarily interpreted as meaning complete transparency.
- the materials described above are not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be formed of various materials, and various modifications are possible, such as a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the first electrode layer 20 may be formed by being stacked on the substrate layer 10 , or may be formed integrally with the substrate layer 10 .
- a hole transport layer 30 may be stacked on the first electrode layer 20 , which serves to transfer holes generated in the photoactive layer 40 to the first electrode layer 20 .
- the hole transport layer 30 may include a metal oxide layer in which the surface-modified metal oxide is uniformly formed into a thin film, or tungsten oxide (WO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), vanadium oxide ( V 2 O 5 ), nickel oxide (NiO x ), and may include at least one of a metal oxide selected from mixtures thereof. In addition, it may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a single molecule hole transport material and a polymer hole transport material, but is not limited thereto, and any material used in the art may be used without limitation.
- tungsten oxide WO x
- MoO x molybdenum oxide
- V 2 O 5 vanadium oxide
- NiO x nickel oxide
- spiro-MeOTAD [2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,Np-dimethoxy-phenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene] may be used as the unimolecular hole transport material, and the polymer As the hole transport material, P3HT [poly(3-hexylthiophene)], PTAA (polytriarylamine), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the hole transport layer 30 may further include a doping material, as the doping material, a dopant selected from the group consisting of a Li-based dopant, a Co-based dopant, a Cu-based dopant, a Cs-based dopant, and combinations thereof. can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a doping material as the doping material, a dopant selected from the group consisting of a Li-based dopant, a Co-based dopant, a Cu-based dopant, a Cs-based dopant, and combinations thereof. can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the hole transport layer 30 may be formed by applying a precursor solution for the hole transport layer on the first electrode layer 20 and drying, UV-ozone treatment is applied to the first electrode layer 20 before applying the precursor solution. Through this, the work function of the first electrode layer 20 may be lowered, surface impurities may be removed, and hydrophilic treatment may be performed.
- the precursor solution may be applied by a method such as spin coating, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the formed hole transport layer 30 may be 10 to 500 nm.
- the photoactive layer 40 may be preferably a perovskite layer containing a perovskite compound.
- a perovskite compound may be adopted as a photoactive material that absorbs sunlight to generate a photoelectron-photohole pair, and the perovskite is a direct band gap ), the light absorption coefficient is as high as 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 cm -1 at 550 nm, the charge transfer characteristics are excellent, and the defect resistance is excellent.
- the perovskite compound has the advantage of being able to form the light absorber constituting the photoactive layer through an extremely simple, easy, inexpensive and simple process of solution application and drying, and spontaneously crystallizes by drying the applied solution. It is possible to form a light absorber of coarse crystal grains, and in particular, it has excellent conductivity for both electrons and holes.
- Such a perovskite compound may be represented by the structure of the following formula (1).
- A is a monovalent organic ammonium cation or metal cation
- B is a divalent metal metal cation
- X is a halogen anion
- the perovskite compound is, for example, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Cl 3-x , MAPbI 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Br 3-x , CH 3 NH 3 PbCl x Br 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI 3 , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI x Cl 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbI x Br 3-x , HC(NH 2 ) 2 PbCl x Br 3-x , ( CH 3 NH 3 )(HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI 3 , (CH 3 NH 3 )(HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI x Cl 3-x , (CH 3 NH 3 )( HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y PbI x Cl 3-x , (CH 3 NH 3 )( HC(NH 2 ) 2 ) 1-y P
- the electron transport layer 50 is positioned on the photoactive layer 40 , and may function to easily transfer electrons generated in the photoactive layer 40 to the second electrode layer 60 .
- the electron transport layer 50 may include a metal oxide layer in which the surface-modified metal oxide is uniformly formed as a thin film, or may include a general metal oxide.
- a metal oxide layer in which the surface-modified metal oxide is uniformly formed as a thin film
- a general metal oxide for example Ti oxide, Zn oxide, In oxide, Sn oxide, W oxide, Nb oxide, Mo oxide, Mg oxide, Zr oxide, Sr oxide, Yr oxide, La oxide, V oxide, Al oxide, Y oxide, Sc oxide, Sm Oxide, Ga oxide, SrTi oxide, etc.
- the electron transport layer 50 according to the present invention may include TiO 2 , SnO 2 , WO 3 or TiSrO 3 having a compact structure.
- the electron transport layer 50 may further include an n-type or p-type dopant as necessary.
- Various layer structures and materials constituting the solar cell 100 may be applied to the hole transport layer 30 / photoactive layer 40 / electron transport layer 50 as described above in addition to the above-described interlayer structure and / or material, and the hole The transport layer 30 and the electron transport layer 50 may be formed by changing positions.
- the second electrode layer 60 may be formed of a light-transmitting conductive material.
- the light-transmitting conductive material may include, for example, a transparent conductive oxide, a carbonaceous conductive material, and a metallic material.
- the transparent conductive oxide include Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Indium Cerium Oxide (ICO), Indium Tungsten Oxide (IWO), Zinc Indium Tin Oxide (ZITO), Zinc Indium Oxide (ZIO), Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO), GITO (Gallium Indium Tin Oxide), GIO (Gallium Indium Oxide), GZO (Gallium Zinc Oxide), AZO (Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), FTO (Fluorine Tin Oxide), ZnO, etc.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ICO Indium Cerium Oxide
- IWO Indium Tungsten Oxide
- ZITO Zinc Indium Tin Oxide
- ZIO Zinc Indium Oxide
- ZTO Zinc
- the carbonaceous conductive material for example, graphene or carbon nanotubes may be used, and as the metallic material, for example, a metal (Ag) nanowire, a metal having a multilayer structure such as Au/Ag/Cu/Mg/Mo/Ti A thin film may be used.
- the term "transparent" refers to something that can transmit light to a certain degree or more, and is not necessarily interpreted as meaning complete transparency.
- the materials described above are not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be formed of various materials, and various modifications are possible, such as a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- a bus electrode (not shown) may be further disposed on the second electrode layer 60 to lower the resistance of the second electrode layer 60 and to further facilitate charge transfer.
- the bus electrode may be formed of Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, and/or a compound thereof.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a perovskite solar cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the perovskite layer is a first perovskite layer 40a and a second perovskite layer stacked on the first perovskite layer 40a. It may be a solar cell having a perovskite-perovskite tandem structure including a rovskite layer 40b.
- the first perovskite layer 40a and the second perovskite layer 40b may have different energy band gaps.
- materials having various energy band gaps as described above light energy in a wide spectrum region can be effectively used.
- a single junction solar cell including an absorption layer having a relatively large band gap is located on the light receiving surface, and a single junction solar cell including an absorption layer having a relatively small band gap is located on the opposite surface of the light receiving surface.
- the solar cell of the tandem structure absorbs light in the short wavelength region from the front side and absorbs light in the long wavelength region from the rear side, thereby shifting the threshold wavelength toward the long wavelength.
- the solar cell having a tandem structure has an advantage in that the entire absorption wavelength region can be widely used.
- the solar cell 100 may be a solar cell having a silicon-perovskite tandem structure.
- the substrate layer 10 may be a silicon solar cell itself or may include a silicon solar cell.
- the silicon solar cell may be a generally known silicon solar cell, the structure or form is not limited, and can be freely applied as long as it can achieve the object of the present invention.
- the present invention can be used in the field of manufacturing perovskite solar cells.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 제1 전극층, 정공수송층(HTL, Hole Transport Layer), 광활성층, 전자수송층 및 제2 전극층을 순서대로 적층시킨 적층물을 제조하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 정공수송층 또는 상기 전자수송층은, 카르복시산(R-COOH)으로 표면 개질된 금속산화물, 분산용매 및 수산화물을 포함하는 분산액이 도포 및 건조되어 형성된 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분산액의 수소이온농도는 pH 8 내지 pH 13인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 수산화물은 NH4OH, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAH) 및 Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TBMH)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속산화물은 주석산화물인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 주석산화물은 SnO2인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 카르복시산은 아세트산(acetic acid) 또는 트리플루오로 아세트산(trifluoroacetic acid)인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분산용매는 이소프로필알코올(IPA), 탈이온수(DI water) 및 에탄올로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 적층물은 상기 제1 전극층의 하부면에 기판층을 더 포함하는 것인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 광활성층은 페로브스카이트층인 태양전지의 제조방법.
- 기판층, 제1 전극층, 정공수송층(HTL, Hole Transport Layer), 광활성층, 전자수송층 및 제2 전극층이 순서대로 적층된 것이고,상기 정공수송층 또는 상기 전자수송층은 금속산화물층을 포함하고,상기 금속산화물층은, 카르복시기(-COOH)를 포함하는 화합물이 표면에 부착되어 표면 개질된 금속산화물이 균일하게 박막으로 형성된 것인 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 금속산화물은 주석산화물인 태양전지.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 주석산화물은 SnO2인 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 제1 전극층 및 상기 제2 전극층은 서로 독립적으로 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), ICO(Indium Cerium Oxide), IWO(Indium Tungsten Oxide), ZITO(Zinc Indium Tin Oxide), ZIO(Zinc Indium Oxide), ZTO(Zinc Tin Oxide), GITO(Gallium Indium Tin Oxide), GIO(Gallium Indium Oxide), GZO(Gallium Zinc Oxide), AZO(Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide), FTO(Fluorine Tin Oxide) 및 ZnO로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 전자수송층은, Ti 산화물, Zn 산화물, In 산화물, Sn 산화물, W 산화물, Nb 산화물, Mo 산화물, Mg 산화물, Zr 산화물, Sr 산화물, Yr 산화물, La 산화물, V 산화물, Al 산화물, Y 산화물, Sc 산화물, Sm 산화물, Ga 산화물 및 SrTi 산화물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 정공수송층은, 텅스텐 옥사이드(WOx), 몰리브덴 옥사이드(MoOx), 바나듐 옥사이드(V2O5) 및 니켈 옥사이드(NiOx)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 기판층은, 실리콘 옥사이드, 알루미늄 옥사이드, ITO(Indium Tin Oxide), FTO(Fluorine Tin Oxide), 글래스, 석영, 폴리이미드(polyimide), 폴리에틸렌 나프탈레이트(polyethylenenaphthalate, PEN), 폴리에틸렌 테레프탈레이트(polyethyleneterephthalate, PET), 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트(PMMA) 및 폴리디메틸실록산(PDMS)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 태양전지.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 광활성층은 페로브스카이트층인 태양전지.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 페로브스카이트층은 CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbIxCl3-x, MAPbI3, CH3NH3PbIxBr3-x, CH3NH3PbClxBr3-x, HC(NH2)2PbI3, HC(NH2)2PbIxCl3-x, HC(NH2)2PbIxBr3-x, HC(NH2)2PbClxBr3-x, (CH3NH3)(HC(NH2)2)1-yPbI3, (CH3NH3)(HC(NH2)2)1-yPbIxCl3-x, (CH3NH3)(HC(NH2)2)1-yPbIxBr3-x 및 (CH3NH3)(HC(NH2)2)1-yPbClxBr3-x로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상을 포함하는 태양전지.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 태양전지는, 상기 페로브스카이트층이 제1 페로브스카이트층 및 상기 제1 페로브스카이트층 상에 적층된 제2 페로브스카이트층을 포함하는 페로브스카이트-페로브스카이트 텐덤 구조인 태양전지.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 태양전지는, 상기 기판층이 실리콘 태양전지를 포함하는 실리콘-페로브스카이트 텐덤 구조인 태양전지.
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EP21911409.7A EP4270511A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2021-12-17 | Method for manufacturing solar cell, and solar cell manufactured thereby |
CN202180087242.7A CN116686100A (zh) | 2020-12-24 | 2021-12-17 | 用于制造太阳能电池的方法及由此制造的太阳能电池 |
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KR20120013731A (ko) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-15 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 비정질 실리콘 태양전지와 유기 태양전지를 이용한 탠덤형 태양전지 |
KR20160002634A (ko) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-01-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 유기태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
JP2016113538A (ja) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-23 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 金属酸化物含有層形成用組成物、電子デバイス、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
KR101894413B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-04 | 2018-09-04 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 태양전지의 제조 방법 |
KR20200020435A (ko) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-26 | 국민대학교산학협력단 | 광전변환효율 및 장기안정성이 향상된 페로브스카이트 태양전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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EP4270511A1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
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