WO2022138862A1 - センシング繊維部材 - Google Patents
センシング繊維部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022138862A1 WO2022138862A1 PCT/JP2021/048008 JP2021048008W WO2022138862A1 WO 2022138862 A1 WO2022138862 A1 WO 2022138862A1 JP 2021048008 W JP2021048008 W JP 2021048008W WO 2022138862 A1 WO2022138862 A1 WO 2022138862A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fiber member
- covering
- sensing fiber
- sensing
- yarn
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- D03D1/0088—Fabrics having an electronic function
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
- D02G3/28—Doubled, plied, or cabled threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
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- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
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- D03D15/30—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments
- D03D15/37—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments with specific cross-section or surface shape
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
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- D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
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- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/533—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads antistatic; electrically conductive
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
- G01L1/144—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors with associated circuitry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/225—Measuring circuits therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G5/16—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of distance between electrodes
- H01G5/18—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of distance between electrodes due to change in inclination, e.g. by flexing, by spiral wrapping
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensing fiber member having a covering yarn in which an insulating fiber as a covering material is wound in one direction around a linear conductor as a core material to cover it.
- a piezoelectric type processed yarn or a piezoelectric sensor as shown in FIG. 1 has been conventionally proposed as a fiber member having a contact sensing function.
- a piezoelectric type processed yarn also referred to as a piezoelectric yarn or a piezoelectric fiber
- a piezoelectric type processed yarn is made of a piezoelectric material such as polylactic acid or polyfluorinated vinylidene around the conductive fiber. It has a structure in which it is covered and the circumference is covered with a conductor such as metal plating.
- Polylactic acid is a crystalline helical chiral polymer, and its uniaxially stretched film has piezoelectricity.
- Piezoelectricity is the property that electric charge is generated when stress is applied.
- the (1) side is [-] and the (3) side is "+". Charge is generated.
- the reverse is also true.
- it is necessary to orient the piezoelectric material, and there is a problem that it is difficult to increase productivity in the plating process. Therefore, at present, it is very expensive at about 1000 yen to 5000 yen per 1 m of processed yarn. It has become. Further, with the structure shown in FIG.
- contact or load is sensed by detecting a change in capacitance between two adjacent electrodes when contact or load is applied.
- Contact sensing fiber members are known, and other techniques for detecting changes in capacitance when a conductor (such as a human body) is close to one electrode are known.
- an insulator such as urethane or silicone is mainly used as an insulator between two electrodes, and it is difficult to greatly change the distance between the electrodes, so that the output (sensitivity) is small. Also, the cost was high and the texture was not good.
- Patent Documents 9 and 10 techniques for covering yarns having excellent bulkiness and covering yarns having high productivity and high quality are known, but these covering yarns are known. There is no description or suggestion that the technique related to the above is used as a sensing fiber member.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that it can be processed in a long length, has excellent mass productivity, can be used as a warp of a woven fabric or a warp, and has excellent suppleness and texture. Moreover, it is to provide a sensing fiber member which is remarkably low cost as compared with the contact sensing fiber member (piezoyl thread) for contact using the conventional piezoelectric material.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] It has at least two covering yarns in which insulating fibers as a covering material are wound in one direction around a linear conductor as a core material to cover them, and two of them are close to each other. It is an arranged sensing fiber member, and is characterized by reading a change in resistance and / or a change in capacitance between the linear conductors of two covering yarns arranged close to each other. The sensing fiber member. [2] The sensing fiber member according to the above [1], wherein the insulating fiber contains either a multifilament insulating fiber or an insulating spun yarn.
- sensing fiber member [3] The sensing fiber member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the sensing fiber member senses contact or a load of an object with the sensing fiber member. [4] The sensing fiber member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the sensing fiber member senses expansion / contraction or bending deformation of the sensing fiber member. [5] The sensing fiber member according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the sensing fiber member senses contact with a liquid or a change in humidity with the sensing fiber member.
- Twist coefficient K (SS + SC) 1/2 x R ⁇
- SS is the fineness (dtex) of the linear conductor as the core material
- SC is the total fineness (dtex) of the covering material
- R is the number of windings (twisting number) of the covering material. (Times / m).
- the covering yarn is a double covering yarn in which the circumference of a linear conductor as a core material is covered with two covering materials, and the winding directions of the two covering materials are in the same direction.
- the sensing fiber member according to any one of the above [1] to [6].
- the sensing fiber member according to any one of [1] to [8] above, wherein the linear conductor as the core material is a multifilament conductive fiber.
- the sensing fiber member according to any one of [1] to [9] above which is a woven fabric in which at least two or more covering yarns are arranged.
- the sensing fiber member according to any one of [1] to [9] above which is a knitted fabric in which at least two or more covering yarns are arranged.
- the winding direction of the insulating fibers in the two covering yarns arranged close to each other is the same, and the two covering yarns are in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the insulating fibers.
- the sensing fiber member according to any one of [1] to [9] above which is a twisted yarn twisted in the above.
- sensing fiber member [13] A woven fabric in which the sensing fiber member according to the above [12], which is a multi-twisted yarn, is woven. [14] A knit in which the sensing fiber member according to the above [12], which is a multi-twisted yarn, is woven. [15] Sensing for detecting the proximity or contact of an object having at least one covering yarn covered by wrapping an insulating fiber as a covering material in one direction around a linear conductor as a core material. The proximity or contact of an object to the sensing fiber member due to a change in capacitance due to the proximity or contact of the object between the linear conductor of the at least one covering yarn and the ground of the fiber member. Is sensed, the sensing fiber member.
- the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention can be processed in a long length, has excellent mass productivity, can be used as a warp of a woven fabric or a warp, has excellent suppleness and texture, and uses a conventional piezoelectric material.
- Contact sensing for contact The cost is significantly lower than that of fiber members (piezoelectric threads). That is, since the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention can sense the load using general fiber materials such as polyester and nylon, it is possible to realize the contact sensing fiber at a very low cost, and know-how.
- the covering technology which is a fiber processing technology that has been established in Japan, it is possible to process long lengths, it is excellent in mass productivity, and it is possible to realize processed yarns with a very good texture compared to piezoelectric yarns. Therefore, it becomes easy to process into a fiber member such as a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. Since the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention changes not only the capacitance but also the resistance value, it is possible to detect a state in which a load is continuously applied.
- the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention is used for smart textiles in which an electrical functional element is provided on a flexible or stretchable fiber base material, for example, a lug that can be detected when stepped on, or a person's entry / exit detection.
- a flexible or stretchable fiber base material for example, a lug that can be detected when stepped on, or a person's entry / exit detection.
- mats for counting the number of people, contact sensing woven and knitted fabrics for example, monitoring sensors at sites such as nursing and nursing care, sensors that digitize and transmit tactile sensations at production sites such as factories, vehicle seat belts, etc.
- sensor embedding members such as embedding contact sensors (biological sensors) in vehicle seat belts, handles, dashboards, etc., detection sensors for the presence / absence of people, prevention of leaving children in the back seats, watching sensors, etc. It can be widely used for applications.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram of the conventional piezoelectric type processed yarn. It is a schematic diagram of the sensing fiber member of this embodiment. It is an appearance and an enlarged photograph of the sensing fiber member of this embodiment which is a twisted yarn. It is a photograph of a narrow woven fabric in which the sensing fiber member of the present embodiment, which is a twisted yarn, is woven.
- the sensing member of the present embodiment in the form of a plain weave woven fabric in which a covering yarn covered by winding an insulating fiber as a covering material in one direction around a linear conductor as a core material is used as a warp and a weft. It is a photograph.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram of a device system for measuring the resistance change between two covering yarns covered by winding an insulating fiber as a covering material in one direction around a linear conductor as a core material. .. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the load application time and the current value (sensor output) in the sensing fiber member of this embodiment which is the twisted yarn of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 the applied load conditions are different from the conditions in Table 1.
- the applied load conditions are different from the conditions in Table 1.
- One embodiment of the present invention has at least two covering yarns in which an insulating fiber as a covering material is wound around a linear conductor as a core material in one direction to cover the linear conductor, and two of them are provided.
- the sensing fiber member is characterized by reading (that is, a change in impedance).
- the linear conductor (core thread) as the core material is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive, but is a conductive fiber, for example, a linear conductor whose material itself is conductive, such as carbon fiber and metal fiber. It may be present, or it may be a linear conductor obtained by imparting conductivity to non-conductive fibers. As the former, carbon fiber obtained by fiberizing carbon is preferable because of its high durability in moisture sensing described later. Further, if the SUS material is made into a fiber, it is preferable in that rust prevention can be ensured and the termination process for connecting to a circuit or the like can be simplified.
- the latter includes fibers such as nylon with metal plating such as silver and copper, metal foil processed into tape and wound around the fibers, and fibers sprayed with an aerosol-like conductor. It is preferable to use the one adhered to the fiber surface from the viewpoint of enhancing the texture and flexibility. In this case, it is preferable that the conductive fiber is made of multifilament from the viewpoint of obtaining good conductivity and increasing the strength. If high-strength fibers such as polyarylate and aramid are used instead of nylon, the tensile strength can be further increased. Alternatively, a linear conductor in which conductivity is imparted by using a stretchable metal ink around an elastic body such as urethane or silicone may be used.
- a stretchable fiber member can be obtained.
- a linear conductor a linear mixture of a conductive material and an insulating material may be used.
- a material obtained by linearly processing a carbon-based conductive material or a material obtained by mixing a metal with a resin such as nylon or polyester is used, it is possible to obtain a linear conductor at a significantly lower cost although the conductivity is inferior. ..
- the linear conductor may be one or a plurality of metal wires from the viewpoint of cost reduction, although the texture is deteriorated. For example, if a metal wire having a diameter of about 30 ⁇ m to 1 mm is used, the strength can be significantly increased.
- the fineness of the linear conductor is preferably 10 dtex to 15000 dtex, more preferably 20 dtex to 5000 dtex, from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a good texture.
- the single yarn fineness is preferably 1 dtex to 30 dtex, more preferably 2 dtex to 10 dtex, from the viewpoint that a good texture can be easily obtained and high conductivity can be easily obtained.
- the number of filaments is more preferably 10 to 200. It is preferable that the number of filaments is 10 or more because it is easy to obtain a good texture and it is easy to secure good conductivity. However, if the number of filaments is too large, the cost will be high and the rigidity will be high, so that the texture may be lowered. It is preferable to put these together in the above range of the number of filaments.
- the same material may be used between the two pairing covering yarns, different materials may be used, or any combination of materials may be used. ..
- the so-called galvanic action occurs when the liquid adheres by bridging the different materials. Since voltage and current are generated by the electrochemical action that is exposed, liquid sensing becomes possible without a power source.
- the combination of different materials for example, iron and copper, iron and silver, aluminum and copper, silver and copper, and the like can be used.
- the term "insulating fiber" as a covering material is used to electrically insulate two pairs of linear conductors as the core material described above.
- the present invention is not particularly limited as long as possible, and includes a piezoelectric material such as polylactic acid (PLA) and a strong dielectric material such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVA polylactic acid
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the cover yarn can cover the above-mentioned linear conductor as the core material without a gap in a stationary state and is less likely to cause an electrical short circuit, it is possible to prevent electrical short circuit from the viewpoint of covering property, sensing performance, and texture.
- a multifilament insulating fiber or an insulating spun yarn capable of making the coating thickness uniform without unevenness, and most preferably it is made of a multifilament insulating fiber or an insulating spun yarn.
- the material of the insulating fiber is not particularly limited as long as the insulating property can be ensured in a state where there is no sensing action such as contact, tension, or liquid contact (idling state), but from the viewpoint of cost and availability. Therefore, synthetic fibers such as polyester (PE), nylon (Ny, polyamide), epoxy-based and acrylic-based fibers are preferable, and natural fibers such as cellulose fibers, semi-synthetic fibers and regenerated fibers may be used.
- a piezoelectric material such as polylactic acid (PLA) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a ferroelectric substance, or a biodegradable resin can be used. If it is a piezoelectric material, the insulating property can be maintained in an idling state, and when stress is applied, an output signal corresponding to the piezoelectric characteristics can also be obtained, so that the sensor sensitivity is high.
- fibers used for clothing such as polyester, nylon and acrylic.
- the cover thread when sensing is performed by changing the resistance value, a material having a slightly conductive property added to the insulating fiber may be used as the cover thread (sheath thread).
- the range of conductivity of the sheath yarn at this time may be a range in which the change in resistance between the linear conductors of the two covering yarns arranged close to each other can be read.
- the value of the resistance (sensor resistance) between the linear conductors of the covering yarns arranged close to each other is in the range of 0.5 k ⁇ to 5 G ⁇ , and the sensor resistance value is linear. It is preferably 20 times to 1 ⁇ 10 9 times the value of the resistance (wiring resistance) of the conductor alone.
- the sensor resistance value is set with respect to the wiring resistance value. Since it is sufficiently large, it can correctly detect loads and tensile forces without being affected by wiring resistance. It is more preferable that the sensor resistance value is in the range of 0.5 k ⁇ to 100 M ⁇ from the viewpoint of simplifying the readout circuit.
- the range of electrical resistivity of the sheath yarn material is preferably 104 ⁇ ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ ⁇ m because the above range of sensor resistance values can be easily satisfied.
- an insulating material such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, etc.
- a conductivity-imparting material for example, a carbon-based conductive material, metal particles, a metal sulfide such as copper sulfide, etc.
- a material containing a metal oxide such as tin oxide or zinc oxide can be used.
- both insulating fibers and conductive fibers may be appropriately mixed and used as the sheath yarn.
- Cracabo manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., registered trademark
- Bertron manufactured by KB Seiren, registered trademark
- Thunderlon manufactured by Nihon Sanmo Dyeing Co., Ltd., registered trademark
- the sensing fiber member of the present embodiment is preferably a combination of fibers that dries more quickly as the material of the covering material (cover yarn) used.
- the quick-drying fiber a synthetic fiber having a low water content can be used, but in order to achieve both water absorption and quick-drying performance, it is particularly preferable to combine the synthetic fiber and the cellulose fiber.
- the synthetic fibers include polyester, nylon, acrylic and the like
- the cellulose fibers include natural cellulose fibers such as cotton and linen, regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon, polynosic, lyocell, cupra and modal, and semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate. Etc. are preferable, and multifilament rayon is particularly preferable.
- both fibers can be mixed in the cover yarn, or can be covered with synthetic fibers and cellulose fibers in the double covering described later.
- the fineness of the insulating fiber is preferably 15 dtex to 25000 dtex, more preferably 30 dtex to 8000 dtex, from the viewpoint of easily ensuring the insulating property. Further, in the case of a multifilament, the single yarn fineness is preferably 1 dtex to 10 dtex, more preferably 2 dtex to 8 dtex, from the viewpoint that a good texture can be more easily obtained.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a case where a bobbin on which a cover thread (14) is wound is set on a covering device equipped with a two-legged flyer (12) and operated.
- FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the portion B of FIG.
- the core yarn 9 passes through the hollow portion of the hollow spindle 10, passes through the upper snail guide (not shown), and is taken up by a take-up roll (not shown).
- the cover thread 14 is passed through one of the leg guides 15 and 16 of the two-legged flyer 12, is unwound from the bobbin by the rotation of the hollow spindle (synchronization of the bobbin), and the cover thread 14 is snailed while being wound around the core thread 9. Take up through the guide.
- the reason why the number of legs of the flyer 12 is two is to balance the flyer 12 when the flyer rotates.
- the so-called double covering may be performed by arranging the covering devices in two stages in the vertical direction and covering two types of cover threads (same type or different types) in order from the two bobbins.
- each cover yarn is covered in the same direction (both of the two types of cover yarn are S-twisted or both are Z-twisted), the thickness is uniform and the gaps between the insulating fibers are surely filled. It is possible to improve the sensing performance, which is particularly preferable.
- the cover yarn may be a false twisted yarn (woolly yarn) from the viewpoint of easily improving the texture and the covering property.
- the two covering yarns (7) are twisted yarns as the sensing fiber member of the present embodiment.
- the covering material (cover yarn) (6) arranged around the linear conductor (5) as the core material is wound.
- the two covering yarns have the same direction and are twisted yarns (8) twisted in a direction opposite to the winding direction of the multifilament insulating fiber.
- twisting tilting in the direction opposite to the winding direction of the covering
- the torque of the finished yarn is weakened and it becomes easy to handle in the manufacturing process.
- the two covering yarns are naturally arranged close to each other, and the two covering yarns have contact points where they intersect with each other.
- Twist coefficient K (SS + SC) 1/2 x R ⁇
- SS is the fineness (dtex) of the linear conductor as the core material
- SC is the total fineness (dtex) of the covering material
- R is the number of windings (twisting number) of the covering material. (Times / m).
- the twist coefficient K is preferably 7,000 or more and 30,000 or less. When the twisted yarn coefficient K is 7,000 or more, an electrical short circuit between the two linear conductors is unlikely to occur, while when it is 30,000 or less, it becomes easier to obtain a large sensor output. In the case of double covering, the twisting coefficients at the time of covering each of the first layer and the second layer are calculated and used as the average value.
- the sensing fiber member of the present embodiment can have a narrow woven fabric shape in which the above-mentioned twisted yarns are continuously present in one direction of the woven fabric.
- the twisted yarn is woven as the warp in the central portion in the width direction of the narrow woven fabric. Any number may be arranged according to the number. From the viewpoint of continuous production, it is preferable to arrange the twisted yarns as a part of the warp yarns. Thereby, it is possible to detect the contact of an object or a load with the portion in which the twisted yarn is woven, and / or the contact of a liquid, or a change in humidity.
- the shape of the fiber member becomes a tape shape, so that there is an advantage that it is easier to attach to textile products such as clothing and bags as compared with the case where only the twisted yarn is used.
- the width of the woven fabric on which the twisted yarns are arranged is preferably 1 to 200 mm, more preferably 5 to 30 mm.
- the yarn usage other than the various twisted yarns is not particularly limited, and the weaving structure is not particularly limited.
- an antistatic yarn kneaded with a conductive material may be wound around the above-mentioned various twisted yarns and the yarn may be embedded in the woven fabric.
- a yarn having an electric resistance value of about 10 6 to 10 10 ⁇ / cm per unit length is used as the antistatic yarn.
- "Bertlon (registered trademark)” carbon beltlon type manufactured by KB Seiren Co., Ltd., white. Beltron type, "Kura-Carbo (registered trademark)” manufactured by Kuraray, etc. can be mentioned.
- the same effect can be obtained by arranging the antistatic yarn in the vicinity of the member or between the members arranged in plurality.
- a woven fabric in which a plurality of the above-mentioned twisted yarns are arranged according to the warp and weft.
- FIG. 5 five warps are arranged in parallel, and wefts are woven left and right to be arranged, but the braid-like woven fabric shape is not limited to such a structure.
- a sensing fiber member in which the above-mentioned various twisted yarns are woven at a pitch of 5 to 10 cm for both warp and weft in a woven fabric having a width of about 150 cm to 200 cm and a length of about 50 m.
- the load at the position of each twisted yarn can be measured at the same time, so that the position of the given load can be mapped and measured. It is also possible to use such a sensing fiber member for, for example, a bed pad, a sheet, a pillow cover, or the like to measure the presence or absence and movement of a human body. Alternatively, the above-mentioned covering yarn may be used as a woven fabric in which the warp and weft are arranged.
- the above-mentioned sensing function is exhibited in this portion, and it can be applied as a sensing fiber member.
- Any shape of the woven fabric such as that shown in FIG. 5 can be used.
- the above-mentioned twisted yarns can be arranged on the knitted fabric.
- two or more of the above-mentioned covering yarns may be arranged so as to be partially close to each other or intersect with each other to express the sensing function.
- the above-mentioned covering yarn is used for the needle thread and the bobbin thread of the sewing machine at the time of sewing a fabric or embroidering.
- one covering yarn is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the fabric, and the above-mentioned sensing function is exhibited at a close point of the covering yarn, and the covering fiber member can be applied.
- one of the linear conductors of the two covering yarns to be paired is the front side of the fabric and the other at the electrode extraction portion (mounting portion to the circuit). Is more preferably taken out on the back side of the fabric.
- FIG. 6 is a device for measuring a resistance change between two covering yarns covered by unidirectionally winding a multifilament insulating fiber as a coating material around a linear conductor as a core material. It is a schematic diagram of a system.
- a source meter (SMU, source measure unit) that can open a conductive fiber at the end of two paired covering yarns, supply voltage and current to it, and at the same time measure voltage, current, and resistance. Units) can be connected to measure resistance between paired covering yarns.
- a readout circuit including an analog / digital conversion circuit, a current-voltage conversion circuit, an amplifier circuit, or the like may be manufactured without using such a measuring device, and the resistance may be measured using the readout circuit.
- the insulating fibers that intervene between the paired covering yarns are highly insulating materials in the idling state, so the distance between the two linear conductors.
- Matter-Gurney equation I is the current
- ⁇ is the permittivity of the insulator
- ⁇ is the carrier mobility
- V is the voltage
- L is the distance between the linear conductors.
- the insulating fiber as a covering material is deformed by contact or load, such deformation can be detected with high sensitivity as a change in current I, in other words, a change in resistance.
- a load of about 3 N corresponding to a pressure of 3.43 ⁇ 105 Pa
- R is 3. It changes from 5 G ⁇ to 1.5 G ⁇ , and ⁇ R / R has a very large change amount of ⁇ 57%.
- the theory that follows the space charge limiting current can also be mentioned as one of the sensing principles, but as the sensing principle, the sheath threads come into closer contact with each other due to the application of load or tension, and the number of contacts. It is also conceivable that the minute current flowing through the sheath thread increases as the amount of electric charge increases. This principle will be described below.
- the electrical resistivity Is very slightly conductive as is known as 10 6 to 10 9 ⁇ ⁇ m.
- the electrical conduction mechanism within an insulating polymer is known as hopping conduction in which electrons and ions move back and forth between local states.
- the insulating polymer does not have charged particles, but the actual polymer material contains impurities such as catalysts and water introduced in the manufacturing process, and dissociated ions caused by these impurities. Moves in response to the applied electric field, and a weak current is generated.
- a load or a tensile force is applied to a structure in which the sheath yarn having such a very slight conductivity is arranged between two adjacent linear conductors, a plurality of sheath yarns constituting the sheath yarn are formed. The closer the fibers are in contact with each other, the more electrical contact points they have with each other, and the higher the value of the weak current. As a result, the sensor resistance value becomes low, and the principle is that load and tension can be detected.
- the principle of measuring the electrical characteristics between the paired covering yarns can be considered by the equivalent circuit composed of the resistance (R) and the capacitor (C) shown in FIGS. 2 and 12.
- a DC power supply can be used as the power supply shown in FIG.
- an AC power source may be used as a power source
- an AC frequency f may be applied between the linear conductors in the paired covering yarn, and the impedance change during this period may be detected.
- a very general measuring instrument or circuit may be used, and for example, a measuring instrument such as an LCR meter or an impedance analyzer can be used.
- an AC signal to be a reference signal may be prepared, and a lock-in amplifier circuit that performs frequency analysis by multiplying the output signal and the reference signal may be used in combination.
- a minute change in capacitance can be measured more accurately.
- a DC power supply is used as a power source, a voltage is applied between the two linear conductors, and the time change of impedance during this period is read (the change in current value is monitored). You can also take the method.
- a DC power supply there is an advantage that measurement can be performed with a very inexpensive circuit.
- the capacitance C is inversely proportional to the distance L between the conductors and proportional to the electrode area.
- the distance between the paired linear conductors becomes small and the electrode area hardly changes, so the capacitance of the object increases due to the increase in capacitance.
- Contact can be detected. Further, when the object in contact is conductive, the parasitic capacitance due to the contact of the object is further added, so that the capacitance changes.
- C changes from 3.31 pF to 3.53 pF when a load of about 3 N is applied using an insulator.
- ⁇ C / C was 6.7%.
- C changed from 3.31 pF to 3.01 pF, and ⁇ C / C became ⁇ 8.9%.
- the change in resistance value is larger than the change in capacitance in FIG. 12, which is because the change in capacitance is inversely proportional to L as shown in the above equation. This is because the change in the current value flowing between the electrodes is inversely proportional to L 3 , for example, and the change in the current value becomes larger as the distance L between the electrodes becomes smaller.
- the cover thread and the outside air (outside air: the atmosphere in the case of the atmosphere, the vacuum in the case of a vacuum, the replacement gas in the case of a replacement gas, etc.)
- outside air the atmosphere in the case of the atmosphere, the vacuum in the case of a vacuum, the replacement gas in the case of a replacement gas, etc.
- various principles such as leakage current and ionic conduction can be adopted, and either or both of the change in resistance value and the change in capacitance can be used as the output signal. It may be read out.
- the impedance between the two linear conductors changes due to the action from the outside, and the action from the outside can be detected.
- the resistance value and / or capacitance (that is, impedance) between the two linear conductors changes, so that contact or load changes.
- the action from the outside is a tensile force or a bending stress
- the distance between the linear conductors changes and the impedance changes, so that this external action can be detected.
- the presence or absence of this substance can be detected.
- the contact of an object to the sensing fiber member or the sensing of a load and / or the liquid to the sensing fiber member (tap water, a mixed solution of ethanol and water). The detection of contact is described.
- the resistance value between two linear conductors of two adjacent covering yarns is such that the two linear conductors are electrically connected to one end of the covering yarn.
- a source meter SMU: Source Measure Unit, Keithley
- SMU Source Measure Unit
- a constant voltage was applied between the two linear conductors, and the current value before and after the load was applied was measured using a self-made program that constantly monitors the current value output by the source meter.
- a sample was prepared in which the length of the paired linear conductor portions (the length for which sensing was effective) was 10 cm, and the sensing characteristics were measured.
- the change in current with respect to the applied load is measured.
- the load is applied as follows.
- a sensing fiber member is placed on a flat stage, a load is applied from above using a force gauge (full-range 20N manufactured by IMADA), and the load value at that time is monitored.
- the indenter used was circular and had a diameter of 12.5 mm.
- the standard load is as follows: 0.5N or less: Very slightly touched. 2-5N: Lightly pressed with a finger. ⁇ 10N: When pressing with a finger, it is in a state of being pressed fairly strongly.
- Moisture sensing characteristics were measured by the following procedure. Using the same method as the measurement of the resistance value in (1) above, 10 mV is applied between the conductive fibers paired with the twisted yarns, and the current value is monitored. Tap water is sprayed on the sample using a mist, and the change in the current value at this time is monitored. After that, wipe it off with kitchen paper, dry it with a dryer, and check if the current value returns to the original value. Moisture sensing characteristics were determined according to the following evaluation criteria: (Evaluation criteria) ⁇ : ⁇ I / I is 100% or more, and the current value returns to within ⁇ 20% of the original value. ⁇ : ⁇ I / I is 1% or more and less than 100%. Alternatively, the current value does not return to the value within ⁇ 20% of the original value. ⁇ : Cannot be detected.
- Example 1 As the linear conductor, a conductive fiber made of a multifilament obtained by plating nylon 66 fiber with silver was used. A nylon fiber having a fineness of 220 dtex, a fineness of 300 dtex after silver plating, and 68 filaments was used as the linear conductor. A double covering yarn was produced by using the above linear conductor as a core yarn and using a fiber made of polyester as a sheath yarn. As the covering conditions, woolly yarns of polyester 252dtex / 108 filaments were Z-twisted using 2 bobbins as sheath yarns, and the number of twists was Z732T / m.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show the change state of the current value (sensor output) when a load is applied to the twisted yarns obtained above, and the relationship between the applied load and the current value change rate, respectively. From the results shown in these figures, it was judged that this twisted yarn is useful as a contact sensing fiber member, and the sensing characteristics and the like when a load was applied were evaluated using the twisted yarn obtained above. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 2 Various twisted yarns were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a multifilament made of 280 dtex / 48f polylactic acid was used as the covering yarn.
- the results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 3 Various twisted yarns were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a multifilament made of 276dtex / 96f nylon was used as the covering yarn. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 4 As the linear conductor, a metal wire having a diameter of 260 ⁇ m (the diameter of the metal part is 76 ⁇ m), in which the surface of the annealed copper wire is coated with tin plating and the periphery thereof is further coated with PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) resin, is used. Made various twisted yarns in the same manner as in Example 1. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 In Example 1, instead of the covering yarn, two electric wires surface-coated with an insulating vinyl resin having a thickness of 2 mm were used to prepare a twisted sample. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Comparative Example 2 A sample was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the same metal wire as in Example 4 was used as the linear conductor and two electric wires coated with Teflon (registered trademark) resin having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m were used for various twists. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 5 One twisted yarn obtained in Example 1 was arranged in the warp, Woolly polyester 334 dtex / 96f was used as the other warp, Woolly polyester 167 dtex / 48f was used as the weft, and Woolly polyester 84 dtex / 36f was used as the entangled yarn.
- a narrow woven fabric having a width of 10 mm, a thickness of 450 ⁇ m, and a grain of 2.14 g / m 2 was produced in which various twisted yarns were arranged substantially in the center in the width direction.
- Table 1 The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 6 A narrow woven fabric was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the twisted yarns obtained in Example 2 were used.
- the results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 7 Using the covering yarn obtained in Example 1 as five warps and one weft, a narrow woven fabric having a woven structure shown in FIG. 5 having a size of 1 cm ⁇ 10 cm and a thickness of 850 ⁇ m was obtained.
- FIG. 9 shows the change over time of the current value (sensor output) when a load is applied with a finger to the vicinity of the covering yarn intersection of the woven fabric and then a tensile force is applied. From this, it was judged that this woven fabric was useful as a contact sensing fiber member, and the sensing characteristics and the like when a load was applied were evaluated using the woven fabric obtained above. The results of contact / load sensing characteristics, texture, and moisture sensing characteristics are shown in Table 1 below.
- Nylon 66 fibers constituting the linear conductor have a fineness of 66 dtex and 14 filaments are used as the linear conductor, and Kuraray (KC-782R B20T4, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a fineness of 100 dtex is used as the covering yarn.
- Various twisted yarns were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that they were used. The number of twists at the time of covering the sheath yarn was 1570 T / m, the number of twists at the time of producing the twisted yarns was 280 T / m, and the fineness of the completed twisted yarns was 1270 dtex.
- the sensor resistance value of the twisted yarn cut out with a length of 10 cm was 2.1 k ⁇ , and the resistance value of the linear conductor with a length of 10 cm was 20.0 ⁇ . That is, the ratio of the resistance value of the various twisted yarn sensor to the wiring resistance is about 105 times.
- Table 2 The results of contact / load sensing characteristics and texture are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 9 Same as Example 8 except that the covering yarn is 240 dtex carbon belt Ron B31 (manufactured by KB Seiren Co., Ltd.), the number of covering twists of the sheath yarn is 653 T / m, and the number of twists at the time of various twists is 250 T / m.
- the fineness of the finished plyed yarn was 1260 dtex.
- the sensor resistance value of the 10 cm long twisted yarn is 10.0 M ⁇
- the resistance value of the 10 cm long linear conductor is 20.0 ⁇
- the ratio of the resistance value of the twisted yarn sensor to the wiring resistance is about 5 ⁇ 10. It was five times.
- Table 2 The results of contact / load sensing characteristics and texture are shown in Table 2 below.
- the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention can be processed in a long length, has excellent mass productivity, can be used as a warp of a woven fabric or a warp, has excellent suppleness and texture, and uses a conventional piezoelectric material.
- Contact sensing for contact The cost is significantly lower than that of fiber members (piezoelectric threads). That is, the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention does not require a special piezoelectric material and can sense the load using general fiber materials such as polyester and nylon, so that the contact can be made at a very low cost.
- sensing fibers and uses covering technology which is a fiber processing technology with established know-how, it is possible to process long lengths, it is excellent in mass productivity, and it is compared with piezoelectric yarn. Since a processed yarn having a very good texture can be realized, it becomes easy to process a fiber member such as a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. Since the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention changes not only the capacitance but also the resistance value, it is possible to detect a state in which a load is continuously applied.
- the contact sensing fiber member according to the present invention is used for smart textiles in which an electrical functional element is provided on a flexible or stretchable fiber base material, for example, a lug that can be detected when stepped on, or a person's entry / exit detection.
- a flexible or stretchable fiber base material for example, a lug that can be detected when stepped on, or a person's entry / exit detection.
- mats for counting the number of people, contact sensing woven and knitted fabrics for example, monitoring sensors at sites such as nursing and nursing care, sensors that digitize and transmit tactile sensations at production sites such as factories, vehicle seat belts, etc.
- sensor embedding members such as embedding contact sensors (biological sensors) in vehicle seat belts, handles, dashboards, etc., detection sensors for the presence / absence of people, prevention of leaving children in the back seats, watching sensors, etc. It can be widely used for applications.
- Conductive fiber 1 Conductive fiber 2 Conductive material 3 Conductor 4 Conventionally-technology piezoelectric thread 5 Linear conductor as core material 6 Insulatory fiber as covering material (cover thread) 7 Covering yarn 8 Twisted yarn made by twisting covering yarn 9 Core thread (core material) 10 Spindle 11 Bobbin 12 Flyer 13 Flyer cap 14 Cover thread 15 Flyer foot guide 16 Flyer foot guide 17 Flyer foot guide 18 Flyer foot guide
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Abstract
Description
[1]芯材としての線状導電体の周りに被覆材としての絶縁性繊維を一方向に巻き付けてカバーリングしたカバーリングヤーンを少なくとも2本有し、その内の2本が互いに近接して配置されているセンシング繊維部材であって、該互いに近接して配置されている2本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体間の抵抗の変化及び/又は静電容量の変化を読み取ることを特徴とする前記センシング繊維部材。
[2]前記絶縁性繊維が、マルチフィラメント絶縁性繊維又は絶縁性紡績糸のいずれかを含む、前記[1]に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[3]前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材への物体の接触又は荷重を感知する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[4]前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材の伸縮又は曲げ変形を感知する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[5]前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材への液体の接触又は湿度の変化を感知する、前記[1]又は[2]に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[6]前記カバーリングヤーンの以下の式:
撚り係数K=(SS+SC)1/2×R
{式中、SSは、芯材としての線状導電体の繊度(dtex)であり、SCは、被覆材の総繊度(dtex)であり、そしてRは、被覆材の巻き付け数(撚り数)(回/m)である。}で表される撚り係数Kが、7000以上30,000以下である、前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[7]前記カバーリングヤーンが、芯材としての線状導電体の周囲を2本の被覆材でカバーリングした、ダブルカバーリングヤーンであり、該2本の被覆材の巻き付け方向が、同一方向である、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[8]前記互いに近接して配置されている2本のカバーリングヤーン同士が、交差する接点を有する、前記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[9]前記芯材としての線状導電体は、マルチフィラメント導電性繊維である、前記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[10]前記カバーリングヤーンが少なくとも2本以上配された織物である、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[11]前記カバーリングヤーンが少なくとも2本以上配された編物である、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[12]前記互いに近接して配置される2本のカバーリングヤーンにおける絶縁性繊維の巻き付け方向が同じであり、該2本のカバーリングヤーン同士が、該絶縁性繊維の巻き付け方向と反対の方向に諸撚された諸撚糸である、前記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のセンシング繊維部材。
[13]諸撚糸である前記[12]に記載のセンシング繊維部材が、織り込まれている織物。
[14]諸撚糸である前記[12]に記載のセンシング繊維部材が、編み込まれている編物。
[15]芯材としての線状導電体の周りに被覆材としての絶縁性繊維を一方向に巻き付けてカバーリングしたカバーリングヤーンを少なくとも1本有する、物体の近接又は接触を感知するためのセンシング繊維部材であって、該少なくとも1本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体とグラウンドとの間の該物体の近接又は接触による静電容量の変化により、該センシング繊維部材への物体の近接又は接触が感知される、前記センシング繊維部材。
本発明に係る接触センシング繊維部材は、静電容量だけでなく、抵抗値が変化するため、荷重を連続的に印加している状態を検知することができる。
したがって、本発明に係る接触センシング繊維部材は、柔軟性や伸縮性のある繊維基材の上に電気的な機能素子を設けたスマートテキスタイル用途、例えば、踏んだら検知可能なラグ、人の出入り検知用防犯マット、人数カウント用マット等、接触センシング織編物、例えば、看護や介護等の現場での見守りセンサ、工場等の生産現場での触覚をデジタル化して伝達するセンサ、車両シートベルト等へのセンサ埋め込み用部材、例えば、車両用シートベルト、ハンドル、ダッシュボード等への接触センサ(生体センサ)の埋め込み、人の在・不在の検知センサ、後部座席の子供の放置防止、見守りセンサ等の各種用途に広く利用可能である。
本発明の1の実施形態は、芯材としての線状導電体の周りに被覆材としての絶縁性繊維を一方向に巻き付けてカバーリングしたカバーリングヤーンを少なくとも2本有し、その内の2本が互いに近接して配置されているセンシング繊維部材であって、該互いに近接して配置されている2本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体間の抵抗の変化及び/又は静電容量の変化(すなわち、インピーダンスの変化)を読み取ることを特徴とする前記センシング繊維部材である。
また、抵抗値の変化によりセンシングを行う場合、カバー糸(鞘糸)として、絶縁性繊維に導電性をわずかに付与した材料を用いてもよい。このときの鞘糸の導電性の範囲は、互いに近接して配置される2本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体間の抵抗の変化を読み取ることができる範囲であればよい。具体的には、互いに近接して配置されるカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体間の抵抗(センサ抵抗)の値が、0.5kΩ~5GΩの範囲内にあり、かつセンサ抵抗値が、線状導電体のみの抵抗(配線抵抗)の値に対して、20倍~1×109倍であることが好ましい。これにより、互いに近接する2本のカバーリングヤーンを構成する2本の線状導電体間に電圧を印加した際、電気的なショートを起こすことがなく、配線抵抗値に対してセンサ抵抗値が十分に大きいため、配線抵抗の影響を受けず、荷重や引張力などの検知を正しく行うことができる。センサ抵抗値は、0.5kΩ~100MΩの範囲内であることが、読み出し回路が簡便になる点でさらに好ましい。鞘糸材料の電気抵抗率の範囲としては、104Ω・m~5×109Ω・mであることが、上記のセンサ抵抗値の範囲を容易に満たすことができる点で好ましい。
導電性をわずかに付与した鞘糸の材料としては、ポリエステル、ナイロン、アクリル等の絶縁性材料に、導電性付与材料、例えば、カーボン系導電性材料、金属粒子、銅硫化物などの金属硫化物、酸化スズ系や酸化亜鉛などの金属酸化物等、を含有させた材料を用いることができる。あるいは、鞘糸として、絶縁性繊維と導電性繊維の両方を適宜混合させて用いてもよい。例えば、帯電防止繊維として販売されているクラカーボ(株式会社クラレ製、登録商標)、ベルトロン(KBセーレン社製、登録商標)、サンダーロン(日本蚕毛染色社製、登録商標)等を、所望のセンサ抵抗値になるように選択して用いることができる。
図10は、カバー糸(14)が巻かれたボビンを、2本足フライヤ(12)を装着したカバーリング装置に仕掛けて稼働させた場合の模式図である。図11は図10のB部の拡大図を示している。芯糸9は中空スピンドル10の中空部を通って、上方のスネールガイド(図示せず)を通り、テイクアップロール(図示せず)でテイクアップされる。カバー糸14は2本足フライヤ12の一方の足ガイド15と16へ通され、中空スピンドルの回転(ボビンの同調)によりボビンから解舒され、カバー糸14は芯糸9に捲回されながらスネールガイドを通り、テイクアップされる。フライヤ12の足数を2本にする理由は、フライヤが回転した時にフライヤ12のバランスをとるためである。
上記カバーリング装置を縦方向に2段並べ、2つのボビンから2種のカバー糸(同種でも異種でもよい)を順にカバーリングする、いわゆるダブルカバーリングを行ってもよい。このとき、各々のカバー糸を同方向にカバーリング(2種のカバー糸がいずれもS撚、又はいずれもZ撚)すれば、厚みを均一に、かつ、絶縁性繊維の隙間を確実に埋めることができ、センシング性能を向上させることができ、特に好ましい。
カバー糸は、風合い及び被覆性を向上させやすい観点から、仮撚り加工糸(ウーリー糸)であることもできる。
撚り係数K=(SS+SC)1/2×R
{式中、SSは、芯材としての線状導電体の繊度(dtex)であり、SCは、被覆材の総繊度(dtex)であり、そしてRは、被覆材の巻き付け数(撚り数)(回/m)である。}で表される撚り係数Kは、7000以上30,000以下であることが好ましい。撚り糸係数Kが、7000以上であれば、2本の線状導電体同士の電気的短絡が生じにくくなり、他方、30,000以下であれば、センサ出力を大きく得ることがより容易になる。尚、ダブルカバーリングの場合は、一層目と二層目それぞれのカバーリング時の撚り係数を算出して、平均した値とする。
あるいは、上述のカバーリングヤーンを経糸と緯糸に配した織物とすることもできる。この場合、当該経緯糸の交差部分で二本のカバーリングヤーンが近接して配置されるため、この部分で既述のセンシング機能が発現し、センシング繊維部材として適用できる。かかる織物の形状も図5に示すものなど、任意のものを用いることができる。
また、上述の諸撚糸を編物に配することができる。あるいは、上述のカバーリングヤーンを二本以上配置して、部分的に近接または交差させ、センシング機能を発現させることもできる。
さらに、上述のカバーリングヤーンを布帛縫製時や刺繍時のミシン上糸と下糸に使う態様もある。これにより、布帛の上下にカバーリングヤーンが1本ずつ配され、当該カバーリングヤーンの近接点で上述のセンシング機能が発現し、センシング繊維部材として適用できる。
上述の織物や編物等の布帛を構成する場合、対となる2本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体は、その電極取り出し部(回路への実装部分)において、一方が布帛の表側、もう一方が布帛の裏側に取り出すことがより好ましい。特に、電圧印加用の線状導電体を全て布帛の同じ側に取り出し、信号出力用の線状導電体をこの反対側へ取り出すことが好ましい。この好ましい例においては、複数本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体を電気的に接続して電圧を印加し、また、各々の信号を独立させて読み出す場合において、これらの電気的短絡や短絡防止をより省スペースで可能にできるという利点や、実装が簡単になるため生産性が向上するという利点がある。
また、
上述のように、空間電荷制限電流に従う理論も、センシング原理の一つとして挙げることができるが、センシング原理としては、荷重や引張の印加により、鞘糸同士がより密に接触し、コンタクトの数が増えることで鞘糸を流れる微電流が増加するという原理も考えられる。以下にこの原理について述べる。本発明の鞘糸を構成する絶縁性繊維は、理想的な絶縁体であれば2本の線状導電体間には電流が全く流れないのに対し、現実の絶縁体は、その電気抵抗率が106~109Ω・mとして知られるように、ごくわずかに導電性を有している。絶縁性ポリマー内の電気伝導メカニズムは、電子やイオンが局所的な状態を行き来するホッピング伝導として知られている。絶縁性ポリマーには、理想的には荷電粒子が存在しないが、実際のポリマー材料には、製造工程で導入される触媒や水分などの不純物が含まれており、これらの不純物に起因する解離イオンが印加された電界に反応して移動し、微弱な電流が発生する。このようにごくわずかに導電性を有する鞘糸が、近接する2本の線状導電体の間に配置された構造体に対して、荷重や引張力を印加した場合、鞘糸を構成する複数の繊維同士がより密接に接触することによって、互いの電気的接触点が増加し、微弱電流の値が大きくなる。これにより、センサ抵抗値が低くなり、荷重や引張の検知ができるという原理である。
抵抗値の変化でセンシング信号を読み取る場合、図12に示す電源として直流電源を用いることができる。
静電容量の変化を読みとる場合は、電源として交流電源を用い、対になるカバーリングヤーンの中の線状導電体間に周波数fの交流を与え、この間のインピーダンス変化を検出すればよい。静電容量を計測するためには、ごく一般的な計測器や回路を用いればよく、例えば、LCRメータやインピーダンスアナライザ等の計測器を用いることができる。あるいは、参照信号となる交流信号を用意し、出力信号と参照信号とを乗算することによって周波数解析を行うロックインアンプ回路を組み合わせて用いてもよい。この場合、静電容量の微小な変化をより精度良く計測できるという利点がある。あるいは、静電容量の変化を読み出すために、電源として直流電源を用いて、2本の線状導電体間に電圧を印加し、この間のインピーダンスの時間変化を読み取る(電流値変化をモニターする)方法を採ることもできる。直流電源を用いる場合は、非常に安価な回路で計測できるという利点がある。ここで、2つの電極間の静電容量は、下記式:
C=ε(S/L)
{式中、εは2つの電極間の誘電率、Sは電極面積、そしてLは、電極間の距離である。}で記述できる。
以下の実施例、比較例に用いた各特性値の測定方法は以下のとおりのものであった。
近接する2本のカバーリングヤーンの2本の線状導電体間の抵抗値は、カバーリングヤーンの一方の末端では2つの線状導電体を電気的に開放し、もう一方の末端の2つの線状導電体間に、電圧、電流を供給すると同時に、電圧、電流、抵抗を測定することができるソースメーター(SMU:ソース・メジャー・ユニット、Keithley社の2614B)を接続することで測定した。2本の線状導電体間に一定の電圧をかけ、ソースメーターで出力される電流値を常にモニターする自作プログラムを用いて、荷重印加の前後での電流値を計測した。諸撚糸の場合、対をなす線状導電体部分の長さ(センシングが有効な長さ)を10cmとしたサンプルを作製してセンシング特性を測定した。
サンプル(例えば、諸撚糸の2つの導電性繊維間)に電圧を印加した状態で、印加荷重に対する電流変化を測定する。その際の荷重印加は以下のように行う。
平らなステージ上にセンシング繊維部材を置き、この上からフォースゲージ(IMADA社製、full-range 20N)を用いて荷重を印加し、そのときの荷重値をモニターする。圧子は、円形でφ12.5mmのものを使用した。
参考までに、荷重の目安は以下のとおりである:
0.5N以下:ごく僅かに触れる状態。
2~5N:指で軽く押す状態。
~10N:指で押す場合は、かなり強く押し付ける状態。
以下の評価基準で接触・荷重センシング特性を判定した:
(評価基準)
接触や荷重のないときの2本の線状導電体間の電流値をIとし、繊維部材に対して荷重がかかる部分の面積を8.75mm2(直径12.5mm×平均繊維径0.7mm)として、上記(2)の方法で3Nの荷重を印加したときの電流値とIとの差をΔIとするとき、
◎:ΔI/Iが20%以上。
〇:ΔI/Iが1%以上20%未満。
×:検知不能。
水分に対する諸撚糸のセンシング特性を以下の手順で測定した。
前記(1)の抵抗値の測定と同様の方法を用いて、諸撚糸の対となる導電性繊維間に10mVを印加し、電流値をモニターする。
霧吹きを用いて水道水をサンプルに噴霧し、この時の電流値の変化をモニターする。
その後、キッチンペーパーで拭き取り、ドライヤーで乾燥させ、電流値が元に戻るかを確認する。
以下の評価基準で水分センシング特性を判定した:
(評価基準)
◎:ΔI/Iが100%以上、かつ電流値が元の値の±20%以内に戻る。
△:ΔI/Iが1%以上100%未満。あるいは電流値が元の値の±20%以内の値に戻らない。
×:検知不能。
以下の評価基準で、実施例及び比較例で得られた糸又は織編物を測定者の手首に接触させ擦ったときの感触を風合いとして判定した:
(評価基準)
◎:柔らかく、手首への刺激が殆どない。
〇:わずかに手首への刺激(ざらつき、ごわごわ感)を有する。
△:ざらつきが強く、手首が擦られる感覚が強い。
×:ごわごわして違和感が大きく、衣料として適さない。
線状導電体として、ナイロン66繊維に銀めっきを施したマルチフィラメントからなる導電性繊維を用いた。ナイロン繊維の繊度が220dtex、銀めっき後の繊度が300dtex、フィラメント数が68本のものを線状導電体として用いた。
上記の線状導電体を芯糸として、鞘糸にポリエステルからなる繊維を用いてダブルカバーリングヤーンを作製した。カバーリング条件は、ポリエステル252dtex/108フィラメントのウ-リー糸を鞘糸に2ボビンを用いて各々Z撚りにし、撚り数がZ732T/mのものを用いた。得られたダブルカバーリングヤーン2本を纏めてさらにS撚りし、撚り数がS170T/mの諸撚糸を作製した。この絶縁性繊維の繊度は2000dtexであった。本諸撚糸の撚り係数K=(300+252×2)1/2×732=20756であった。
上記で得られた諸撚糸に荷重を印加した時の電流値(センサ出力)の変化状態、印加荷重と電流値変化率の関係を、それぞれ、図7と図8に示す。これらの図に示す結果から、本諸撚糸が接触センシング繊維部材として有用であると判断し、上記で得られた諸撚糸を用いて、荷重印加したときのセンシング特性等を評価した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
カバーリング糸として、280dtex/48fのポリ乳酸からなるマルチフィラメントを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に諸撚糸を作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
カバーリング糸として、276dtex/96fのナイロンからなるマルチフィラメントを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に諸撚糸を作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
線状導電体として、軟銅線の表面を錫めっきで被覆し、その周囲をさらにPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)樹脂で被覆した、直径260μm(金属部分の直径は76μm)の金属ワイヤーを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に諸撚糸を作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例1において、カバーリング糸のかわりに、厚み2mmの絶縁性ビニル樹脂で表面被覆した電線を2本用い、諸撚りにしたサンプルを作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
線状導電体として実施例4と同じ金属ワイヤーを用い、厚み100μmのテフロン(登録商標)樹脂で被覆した電線を2本用いて諸撚りした以外は、比較例1と同様にサンプルを作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例1で得られた諸撚糸を経糸に1本配置し、それ以外の経糸にウーリーポリエステル334dtex/96f、緯糸にウーリーポリエステル167dtex/48fを用い、絡み糸としてウーリーポリエステル84dtex/36fを用いて、幅方向のほぼ中央部に諸撚糸が配された、幅10mm、厚み450μm、目付2.14g/m2の細幅織物を作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例2で得られた諸撚糸を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様に細幅織物を作製した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
実施例1で得られたカバーリングヤーンを経糸として5本、緯糸として1本用いて、図5に示す織物構造で、大きさ1cm×10cm、厚み850μmの細幅織物を得た。
本織物の該カバーリングヤーン交差部付近に指で荷重をかけ、その後引っ張り力を与えたときの、電流値(センサ出力)の経時変化を図9に示す。これにより、本織物が接触センシング繊維部材として有用であると判断し、上記で得られた織物を用いて、荷重印加したときのセンシング特性等を評価した。接触・荷重センシング特性、風合い、及び水分センシング特性の結果を以下の表1に示す。
線状導電体を構成するナイロン66繊維の繊度が66dtex、フィラメント数が14本のものを線状導電体として用い、カバーリング糸として繊度が100dtexのクラカーボ(クラレ社製、KC-782R B20T4)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様に諸撚糸を作製した。鞘糸のカバーリング時の撚り数は1570T/mとし、諸撚糸を作製する際の撚り数は280T/mとし、完成した諸撚糸の繊度は1270dtexであった。10cm長さで切り出した諸撚糸のセンサ抵抗値は、2.1kΩであり、10cm長さの線状導電体の抵抗値は20.0Ωであった。すなわち、諸撚糸センサの抵抗値と配線抵抗の比率は、約105倍である。接触・荷重センシング特性、及び風合いの結果を以下の表2に示す。
カバーリング糸を240dtexのカーボンベルトロンB31(KBセーレン社製)とし、鞘糸のカバーリング撚り数を653T/m、諸撚り時の撚り数を250T/mとした以外は実施例8と同様とした諸撚糸を作製した。完成した諸撚糸の繊度は1260dtexであった。10cm長さの諸撚糸のセンサ抵抗値は10.0MΩ、10cm長さの線状導電体の抵抗値は20.0Ωであり、諸撚糸センサの抵抗値と配線抵抗の比率は、約5×105倍であった。接触・荷重センシング特性、及び風合いの結果を以下の表2に示す。
本発明に係る接触センシング繊維部材は、静電容量だけでなく、抵抗値が変化するため、荷重を連続的に印加している状態を検知することができる。
したがって、本発明に係る接触センシング繊維部材は、柔軟性や伸縮性のある繊維基材の上に電気的な機能素子を設けたスマートテキスタイル用途、例えば、踏んだら検知可能なラグ、人の出入り検知用防犯マット、人数カウント用マット等、接触センシング織編物、例えば、看護や介護等の現場での見守りセンサ、工場等の生産現場での触覚をデジタル化して伝達するセンサ、車両シートベルト等へのセンサ埋め込み用部材、例えば、車両用シートベルト、ハンドル、ダッシュボード等への接触センサ(生体センサ)の埋め込み、人の在・不在の検知センサ、後部座席の子供の放置防止、見守りセンサ等の各種用途に広く利用可能である。
2 圧電材料
3 導体
4 従来技術の圧電糸
5 芯材としての線状導電体
6 被覆材(カバー糸)としての絶縁性繊維
7 カバーリングヤーン
8 カバーリングヤーンを諸撚りした諸撚糸
9 芯糸(芯材)
10 スピンドル
11 ボビン
12 フライヤ
13 フライヤキャップ
14 カバー糸
15 フライヤ足ガイド
16 フライヤ足ガイド
17 フライヤ足ガイド
18 フライヤ足ガイド
Claims (15)
- 芯材としての線状導電体の周りに被覆材としての絶縁性繊維を一方向に巻き付けてカバーリングしたカバーリングヤーンを少なくとも2本有し、その内の2本が互いに近接して配置されているセンシング繊維部材であって、該互いに近接して配置されている2本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体間の抵抗の変化及び/又は静電容量の変化を読み取ることを特徴とする前記センシング繊維部材。
- 前記絶縁性繊維が、マルチフィラメント絶縁性繊維又は絶縁性紡績糸のいずれかを含む、請求項1に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材への物体の接触又は荷重を感知する、請求項1又は2に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材の伸縮又は曲げ変形を感知する、請求項1又は2に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記センシング繊維部材が、該センシング繊維部材への液体の接触又は湿度の変化を感知する、請求項1又は2に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記カバーリングヤーンの以下の式:
撚り係数K=(SS+SC)1/2×R
{式中、SSは、芯材としての線状導電体の繊度(dtex)であり、SCは、被覆材の総繊度(dtex)であり、そしてRは、被覆材の巻き付け数(撚り数)(回/m)である。}で表される撚り係数Kが、7000以上30,000以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。 - 前記カバーリングヤーンが、芯材としての線状導電体の周囲を2本の被覆材でカバーリングした、ダブルカバーリングヤーンであり、該2本の被覆材の巻き付け方向が、同一方向である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記互いに近接して配置されている2本のカバーリングヤーン同士が、交差する接点を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記芯材としての線状導電体は、マルチフィラメント導電性繊維である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記カバーリングヤーンが少なくとも2本以上配された織物である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記カバーリングヤーンが少なくとも2本以上配された編物である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 前記互いに近接して配置される2本のカバーリングヤーンにおけるマルチフィラメント絶縁性繊維の巻き付け方向が同じであり、該2本のカバーリングヤーン同士が、該マルチフィラメント絶縁性繊維の巻き付け方向と反対の方向に諸撚された諸撚糸である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のセンシング繊維部材。
- 諸撚糸である請求項12に記載のセンシング繊維部材が、織り込まれている織物。
- 諸撚糸である請求項12に記載のセンシング繊維部材が、編み込まれている編物。
- 芯材としての線状導電体の周りに被覆材としての絶縁性繊維を一方向に巻き付けてカバーリングしたカバーリングヤーンを少なくとも1本有する、物体の近接又は接触を感知するためのセンシング繊維部材であって、該少なくとも1本のカバーリングヤーンの線状導電体とグラウンドとの間の該物体の近接又は接触による静電容量の変化により、該センシング繊維部材への物体の近接又は接触が感知される、前記センシング繊維部材。
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