WO2022138779A1 - 組電池 - Google Patents
組電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022138779A1 WO2022138779A1 PCT/JP2021/047732 JP2021047732W WO2022138779A1 WO 2022138779 A1 WO2022138779 A1 WO 2022138779A1 JP 2021047732 W JP2021047732 W JP 2021047732W WO 2022138779 A1 WO2022138779 A1 WO 2022138779A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- partition member
- assembled battery
- cell
- insulating portion
- Prior art date
Links
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
- H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/211—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an assembled battery.
- a battery module including a secondary battery hereinafter, also referred to as a cell
- various members may be arranged between the cells for various purposes.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery module in which a buffer plate is arranged between cells in order to allow expansion of the cells and maintain an appropriate surface pressure applied to each cell. .. Further, in Patent Document 2, in order to suppress heat transfer to an adjacent cell cell and efficiently dissipate heat to the heat dissipation space, the cell cell is a heat conductive member using a resin member having a high flexural modulus as a base material. The assembled batteries arranged in between are disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both are arranged in contact with each cell in order to exert the respective functions of the shock absorber and the heat conductive member.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique of stacking a plurality of battery cells by combining a support portion and an expansion portion having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the support portion.
- the expansion portion expands when an abnormality occurs, the pressure between the stacked cells increases. Therefore, in order to keep the shape of the entire battery stack restrained, it is necessary to make the battery module housing stronger, and there is a problem that the weight of the battery stack increases.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an assembled battery capable of maintaining the safety of batteries by preventing adjacent batteries from coming into contact with each other due to expansion of the cell. do.
- the present inventors have provided a partition member having a heat insulating portion between the stacked cells, and the partition member has a specific compressive elastic modulus in the stacking direction. It has been found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by providing a non-contact region in which the partition member and the cell facing the partition member do not come into contact with each other, and the following invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the partition member is provided with a support portion on the outside of the heat insulating portion in a plane direction orthogonal to the cell stacking direction, and the support portion is in contact with the cell cell. The assembled battery described.
- the present invention it is possible to provide an assembled battery capable of maintaining the safety of the batteries by preventing the adjacent cells from coming into contact with each other due to the expansion of the cells.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the other example of the partition member, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a sectional view when cut by XX shown in (A). It is a figure which shows the other example of the partition member, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a sectional view when cut by XX shown in (A). It is a top view which shows an example of a cell. It is a front view of the cell of FIG. It is a side view of the cell of FIG. It is a figure which plotted the relationship between the press pressure (constraint pressure) and the thickness retention rate in the heat insulating part of a partition member. It is a figure which shows an example of the assembled battery when a cell is expanded (an example which does not use a support part). It is a figure which shows an example of the assembled battery when the cell is expanded (the example which used the support part).
- the assembled battery 10A according to the first embodiment is formed by stacking a plurality of cell cells 12 and a partition member 14A partitioning between the cell cells 12.
- the partition member 14A is a member provided at least between the cell cells 12 constituting the assembled battery 10A and preventing the cell cells 12 from coming into contact with each other.
- the partition member 14A can also be used to partition the cell 12 and other members other than between the cell 12.
- the partition member 14A is laminated between the cells 12, but it is not always necessary to have the partition member 14A between all the cells, and the partition member is connected to at least one of the cells. You just have to bring it in.
- the partition member 14A has a heat insulating portion 16, and the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating portion 16 in the stacking direction (Y direction) is 0.5 to 10 MPa. Further, the partition member 14A is provided with a support portion 18 on the outside of the heat insulating portion 16 in a plane direction (X direction) orthogonal to the stacking direction, and has a non-contact region 20 that does not come into contact with the cell 12. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the non-contact region 20 is formed by the support portion 18 coming into contact with each cell 12 and supporting it, but the non-contact region 20 is formed by means other than the support portion 18. May be done.
- the non-contact region 20 may be formed, and there may be no support portion 18 or a member in place of the support portion 18.
- the heat insulating portion 16 when assembling the cell and the partition member, the heat insulating portion 16 is slightly compressed by the assembling pressure, and the end portion of the partition member is warped, so that the heat insulating portion and the partition member are separated from each other. It may be a non-contact region generated on the member.
- the heat insulating portion is further compressed, but it is sufficient that the thickness is sufficiently maintained to show the heat insulating performance. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the heat insulating portion may be slightly compressed by the assembling pressure, and the heat insulating portion may be compressed so that the end portion of the partition member may be warped. ..
- the non-contact portion can be easily adjusted, and the non-contact portion is likely to be generated on the heat insulating portion, which is preferable.
- 13 and 14 are conceptual diagrams showing a mode in which the heat insulating portion is slightly compressed and assembled, and the figure on the right side of the arrow shows a state in which the cell cells are expanded and the heat insulating portion is further compressed. It is a conceptual diagram shown. All of them conceptually show the relationship between the cell and the heat insulating part, and are somewhat exaggerated expressions.
- the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating portion 16 of the partition member 14A is set to 0.5 to 10 MPa so as to have flexibility so as to include the above-mentioned expansion pressure range.
- the expansion of the cell occurs locally (for example, in the central portion)
- local pressure is also applied to the heat insulating portion 16 of the partition member 14A.
- the heat insulating portion 16 having flexibility is further compressed, sufficient heat insulating property is not exhibited, and heat is conducted to the surrounding cell.
- the partition member expands freely to some extent without being restricted by the initial expansion of the cell.
- the flexible heat insulating portion absorbs the expansion pressure, so that the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating portion 16 is fully exerted, and heat is less likely to be transferred to the surrounding cell cells, which is safe.
- An assembled battery that can maintain good properties is used.
- the shearing force at the time of assembling the assembled battery is dispersed in the non-contact region, and the plastic deformation of the heat insulating portion can be prevented.
- It is preferably an assembled battery having a non-contact region in which the heat insulating portion of the partition member does not come into contact with the cell.
- the heat insulating part means a part where a heat insulating action is exerted, and means a part composed of a heat insulating material as described later.
- a non-contact region between the partition member and the cell can be formed on the heat insulating material at a portion where the heat insulating material is not covered with the outer body.
- the non-contact region between the partition member and the unit cell is formed in the outer body directly above the heat insulating material. Can be formed.
- the assembled battery 10B according to the second embodiment is formed by stacking a plurality of cell cells 12 and a partition member 14B partitioning between the cell cells 12, and the partition member 14B is the partition member 14B thereof.
- the heat insulating portion 16 is housed in the exterior body 22.
- the partition member 14B is provided with a support portion 18 on the outer side of the heat insulating portion 16 in a plane direction (X direction) orthogonal to the stacking direction on the exterior body 22, and is non-contact so as not to come into contact with the cell 12. It has a region 20.
- the non-contact region 20 is formed by the support portion 18 contacting and supporting each cell 12 as in the first embodiment.
- the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the heat insulating portion 16 is housed in the exterior body 22. Since the heat insulating portion 16 is housed in the outer body 22 as in the second embodiment, there is an effect of diffusing the heat transfer when the cell 12 becomes high temperature toward the outer body surface, so that the contact area portion The heat applied locally to the surface can be diffused, and the heat insulating property can be further improved.
- the non-contact regions 20 of the partition members 14A and 14B are provided on one side in the stacking direction, but the non-contact regions 20 are on both sides. You may have each.
- the non-contact region 20 of the partition member 14B is provided on one side in the stacking direction, but may be provided on both sides as shown in FIG.
- each of both sides of the exterior body 22 is provided with a support portion 18 on the outside of the heat insulating portion 16 in a plane direction (X direction) orthogonal to the stacking direction.
- the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating portion is set to 0.5 to 10 MPa in consideration of the expansion pressure of the cell.
- the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating part is preferably 0.8 MPa or more, more preferably 1 MPa or more.
- the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating portion is preferably 8 MPa or less, more preferably 6 MPa or less.
- the elastic modulus and the density of the heat insulating material are closely related. For example, if the elastic modulus is to be lowered, the density is reduced, and if the elastic modulus is to be increased, the density is increased.
- the compressive elastic modulus can be measured by the method described in the test example.
- the compressive elastic modulus including the exterior body 22 and the heat insulating portion 16 is preferably 0.5 to 10 MPa, and the preferable range is the same as the compressive elastic modulus of the heat insulating material.
- a three-dimensional space is formed from the non-contact region to the cell immediately above the non-contact region, and an air layer is formed in the space.
- the presence of the air layer allows the initial expansion of the cell to proceed to some extent entirely. Further, by including the non-contact region, the shearing force at the time of assembling the assembled battery is dispersed in the non-contact region, and the plastic deformation of the heat insulating portion can be prevented.
- the thickness of the air layer is preferably designed to be 0.1 to 2.5 mm, for example, as an average distance between the non-contact region and the cell immediately above it, and is 0.2 to 1.5 mm. It is more preferable, and more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1 mm.
- the ratio ( TA / TI) of the thickness of the air layer ( TA ) and the thickness of the heat insulating part ( TI ) is 0.05 to 1 . It is preferably 0, more preferably 0.07 to 0.8.
- the thickness of the heat insulating portion (in the case of being covered with an exterior body, the total thickness of the heat insulating portion and the exterior body) is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 0.6 to 2 mm. It is particularly preferably 0.6 to 1.5 mm.
- the non-contact region 20 is located on the entire surface of one surface of the heat insulating portion 16, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the initial expansion can be appropriately set within a range in which the initial expansion can proceed to some extent. ..
- the non-contact area of the partition member does not include the central portion of the heat insulating portion.
- the ratio (SN / SI) of the area (SN ) of the non-contact region to the area (SI) of the heat insulating portion 16 when viewed in a plan view is preferably 0.3 to 1 .
- the ratio is more preferably 0.5 to 1, further preferably 0.7 to 1, and particularly preferably 0.9 to 0.95.
- the area of the heat insulating portion when viewed in a plan view is preferably 25 to 200 cm 2 .
- the ratio ( SS / SP ) of the area of the support portion ( SS ) to the area of the partition member ( SP ) when viewed in a plan view is preferably 0.02 to 0.2. By setting these ranges, it becomes easy to stably maintain the non-contact region. From the above viewpoint, SS / SP is more preferably 0.04 to 0.15.
- the area ( SS ) when there are a plurality of support portions is the total of them.
- the shape of the partition member is preferably rectangular as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and the area is preferably 60 to 300 cm 2 .
- the heat insulating portion is provided so as to cover the pressure concentration portion of the cell in contact with the partition member.
- the pressure concentration point is preferably provided so as to cover the central portion when the laminated surface of the battery is viewed in a plan view, that is, the center of gravity when the contact surface is viewed in a plan view.
- the laminated surface of the battery is rectangular, it is the intersection of diagonal lines, and when it is circular, it is the center.
- the central portion of the heat insulating portion that covers the pressure concentration portion of the cell in contact with the partition member is avoided from the viewpoint of fully exerting the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating portion and efficiently obtaining the non-contact region. It is preferable that it is present in the peripheral portion.
- the support portion 18 provided on the outside of the heat insulating portion is installed in a linear shape having opposite sides. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the support portions on the partition member are provided in parallel in the vertical direction to form a pair of opposite sides. Further, as another configuration for forming at least a pair of opposite sides, the support portion 18 may be a square-shaped rectangle as shown in FIG. Further, the support portion 18 may be covered with the exterior body 22 as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. As shown in FIG. 6, the support portion 18 is preferably provided with the support portions parallel to each other in the vertical direction to form a pair of opposite sides, and as shown in FIG. 7, the support portion 18 is formed in the forming direction. It may extend to the end. Further, the support portion 18 may have an exposed end portion in the width direction as shown in FIG.
- the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material constituting the heat insulating portion is preferably 0.3 W / (m ⁇ K) or less, and preferably 0.1 W / (m ⁇ K) or less.
- the thermal conductivity of the heat insulating material is determined by the protective heat plate method described in JIS A1412-1, the heat flow meter method described in JIS A1412-2, the pulse heating method described in JIS R1611, and the heat ray method described in JIS R2616. It is obtained by referring to some methods such as the periodic heating method, but it does not limit the measuring method.
- a specific measurement method is to install a heater that can control the temperature on the upper and lower surfaces of the test piece (insulation material), give periodic temperature fluctuations in the thickness direction by the upper heater, and use the lower heater.
- the lower surface is controlled to a constant temperature.
- a phase difference time difference
- the thermal diffusivity is obtained from this phase difference, and the thermal conductivity is calculated from the product of the specific heat and the density.
- a heat insulating material having a density of 0.23 to 1.1 g / cm 3 is preferable to use as a heat insulating material constituting the heat insulating portion.
- the density of the heat insulating material is not more than the above upper limit value, a large amount of air layer is provided in the internal voids, so that the heat insulating property is good, which is preferable.
- the density of the heat insulating material is at least the above lower limit value, the amount of deformation during compression is small, which is preferable.
- the density of the heat insulating material is more preferably 0.25 g / cm 3 or more, further preferably 0.28 g / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more. It is less than or equal to, more preferably 0.90 g / cm 3 or less.
- As a method of controlling the density of the heat insulating material it is possible to reduce the density by reducing the amount of fiber by making it porous as described later, and on the other hand, it is possible to reduce the density by increasing the amount of fiber. It is possible to raise it.
- the heat insulating portion retains a liquid in terms of enhancing the safety of the assembled battery.
- a secondary battery used as a power source for a vehicle or the like is generally used as an assembled battery consisting of a plurality of cells (hereinafter, also referred to as "cells"), but one of the constituent batteries is damaged due to overcharging or an internal short circuit.
- the battery surface temperature may exceed several hundred degrees Celsius, which may be transmitted to the surrounding cells and cause damage to the entire assembled battery in a chain reaction.
- the liquid volatilizes, so that the heat of vaporization can be absorbed from the surroundings and the temperature rise can be suppressed.
- heat can be released by releasing the volatilized gas.
- the heat insulating part has a liquid, it is a particularly big problem to suppress the expansion of the cell because it is necessary to hold the liquid inside the heat insulating part, and the presence of the air layer causes the expansion of the cell to the heat insulating part. It is effective in relieving the load pressure.
- the heat insulating material constituting the heat insulating portion is a porous heat insulating material. That is, it is preferable that the heat insulating portion is formed by holding the liquid in the porous heat insulating material.
- the porous heat insulating material preferably contains fibers and particles.
- the fiber is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of paper, cotton sheet, polyimide fiber, aramid fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber, glass fiber, rock wool, ceramic fiber and biosoluble inorganic fiber. Of these, at least one selected from glass fibers, rock wool, ceramic fibers and biosoluble inorganic fibers is particularly preferable.
- the particles are preferably powdery inorganic substances, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of silica particles, alumina particles, calcium silicate, clay minerals, vermiculite, mica, cement, pearlite, fumed silica and aerogel. Of these, at least one selected from silica particles, alumina particles, calcium silicate and vermiculite is particularly preferable.
- silica particles, alumina particles, calcium silicate and vermiculite is particularly preferable.
- the types of calcium silicate, zonotrite, tovamorite, wallastnite, and gyrolite are preferable, and gyrolite is particularly preferable.
- Gyrolite which has a petal-like structure, maintains a porous structure even when it is compressed and deformed, so it has excellent water retention.
- Clay minerals are mainly magnesium silicate (including talc and sepiolite), montmorillonite and kaolinite.
- the entire heat insulating portion may be formed of the above-mentioned porous heat insulating material. Since the entire heat insulating portion is formed of a porous body, the amount of liquid held in the cavity can be increased.
- the liquid preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, hydrocarbons, fluorine-based compounds and silicone-based oils. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the liquid may contain additives such as substances that impart antifreezing properties (antifreezing agents), preservatives, and pH adjusters.
- the pH adjuster By imparting antifreeze, it is possible to prevent the exterior body from being damaged due to expansion due to freezing. Further, by adding the pH adjuster, the pH of the liquid changes due to the components eluted from the powdered inorganic substance and the like, and the possibility that the powdered inorganic substance, the exterior body, and the liquid (water) itself are deteriorated can be reduced.
- the liquid is not limited to this, and can be added as needed.
- the exterior body mainly houses the heat insulating part in a sealed state.
- a resin and / or a metal film or sheet can be applied, and for example, a laminated body in which a metal and a resin are laminated can also be used.
- it is preferable to accommodate the heat insulating portion by using a laminated body obtained by laminating such a metal and a resin in order to obtain high heat resistance and strength.
- a laminated body obtained by laminating such a metal and a resin in order to obtain high heat resistance and strength.
- a laminate including a metal foil and a thermoplastic resin layer, and a laminate having three or more layers including a resin layer, a metal foil, and a resin sealant layer are applied. Is preferable.
- the metal constituting the metal foil is preferably at least one of aluminum, copper, tin, nickel, stainless steel, lead, tin-lead alloy, bronze, silver, iridium, and phosphor bronze.
- aluminum foil, copper foil, and nickel foil are preferable, and aluminum foil is even more preferable.
- the metal is preferably selected from at least one of the examples listed above.
- thermosetting resin at least one of a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin
- thermoplastic resin examples include olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyether ether ketones, polyethylene terephthalates, polyphenylene sulfides, polycarbonates and aramids.
- olefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyether ether ketones, polyethylene terephthalates, polyphenylene sulfides, polycarbonates and aramids.
- at least one selected from polypropylene, nylon and polyethylene terephthalate is preferable.
- the thickness of the exterior body is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, for example.
- the metal foil is 3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and the resin layer is 2 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m within the above range.
- the peripheral edges of the two exterior body sheets are joined in an annular shape by heat fusion or adhesion, and then the heat insulating portion is sealed inside the exterior body and sealed (sealed).
- one exterior body may be bent and the peripheral edge portions may be joined by heat fusion or adhesion to seal (seal) the heat insulating portion.
- the exterior body is preferably flexible (elastic).
- the support portion is a member that can be preferably used to hold the non-contact region 20 in which the cell unit and the heat insulating portion of the partition member do not come into contact with each other in the assembled battery after assembly.
- a non-contact region can be obtained by providing a holding component for holding the partition member in the assembled battery housing, or by adjusting the thickness of the heat insulating portion. ..
- As a method of using the support portion as the partition member for example, it may be adhered to an arbitrary position of the heat insulating portion, adhered together with the heat insulating portion on the cell constituting the assembled battery, or a packaging material in which the heat insulating portion is housed in an exterior body. Examples thereof include a method of providing the support portion on the upper surface and accommodating the support portion in an exterior body in a state of being arranged on the peripheral portion of the heat insulating portion.
- the compressive elastic modulus in the stacking direction of the support portion is preferably 0.5 to 100 MPa, more preferably 1 to 50 MPa, because the thickness can be controlled with respect to the binding force at the time of assembly. It is more preferably to 50 MPa, and particularly preferably 3 to 25 MPa.
- the thickness ( TS ) of the support portion is preferably 0.8 to 3.5 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 3.2 mm. Further, the ratio ( TS / TI ) of the thickness ( TS ) of the support portion to the thickness ( TI ) of the heat insulating portion may be 1.0 to 2.2 from the viewpoint of maintaining a good air layer. It is preferably 1.1 to 2.0, and more preferably 1.1 to 2.0.
- the density of the partition member is preferably 0.3 to 2 g / cm 3 and 0.4 to 1 from the viewpoint of maintaining the heat insulating property between the cell cells and not excessively increasing the weight of the assembled battery. More preferably, it is .5 g / cm 3 .
- the cell is preferably a lithium ion secondary battery including, for example, a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium ions, and an electrolyte. Further, in addition to the lithium ion secondary battery, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion all-solid-state battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, and a lead storage battery can be applied.
- 9 is a plan view showing an example of the cell 12 constituting the assembled battery
- FIG. 10 is a front view of the cell 12 shown in FIG. 9, and
- FIG. 11 is a right side view of the cell 12. ..
- the cell 12 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a height direction (H), a width direction (W), and a thickness direction (D), and terminals 210 and 220 are provided on the upper surface thereof.
- the area ratio (partition member area / cell cell area) between the partition member and the cell to which the partition member is applied is preferably 0.8 or more.
- the area ratio is more preferably 0.9 or more, and further preferably 0.95 or more.
- the battery module housing becomes large and the battery energy density of the entire module becomes small, it is preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1.1 or less, and 1.05 or less. It is more preferable to have.
- the present invention has the partition member of the present invention between at least one cell cell constituting the assembled battery. It can also be used when partitioning a cell constituting the assembled battery from a member other than the cell. Preferably, the partition member of the present invention is provided between all the cells constituting the assembled battery.
- a known method can be adopted as a method for assembling the assembled battery. For example, a plurality of cells are arranged, and at least one between the cells or a partition member of the present invention is arranged between the cell and a member other than the cell, and the partition member of the present invention is arranged in the thickness direction of the heat insulating portion of the partition member, for example, 1 to 1.
- An example is a method of fixing the battery under pressure at 5 kN. Further, it is also possible to attach an arbitrary member such as a saucer. The above is an example, and the method of applying the partition member of the present invention to the assembled battery is not limited to such an example.
- the assembled battery according to the present embodiment as described above includes, for example, an electric vehicle (EV, Electric Vehicle), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV, Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle).
- Electric heavy machinery electric bikes, electrically assisted bicycles, ships, aircraft, trains, power supply devices (UPS, International Powerable Power Supply), household power storage systems, wind / solar / tidal power / geothermal and other renewable energies It is applied to the battery pack installed in the storage battery system for stabilizing the electric power system.
- the assembled battery can also be used as a power source for supplying power to devices other than the above-mentioned EV and the like.
- Evaluation method 1 (test result 1) It is assumed that a plurality of cells constituting the assembled battery are arranged in the thickness direction, a partition member having a heat insulating portion is provided between the cells, and the batteries are housed in a state where pressure is applied in the thickness direction. At this time, the restraining pressure applied in the thickness direction in order to maintain the structure in which a plurality of cells including the partition member are arranged is defined as the design pressure, and the pressure is 2 MPa. Next, it is assumed that each unit battery swells due to the use of the assembled battery during charging or high temperature. The pressure applied to the partition member is calculated for the swelling amount (mm) of the cell.
- the amount of swelling (mm) of the cell when the pressure applied to the partition member exceeds the design pressure was evaluated based on the following criteria. Evaluation Criteria ⁇ : Bulging amount of the cell is 0.5 mm or more ⁇ : Bulging amount of the cell is 0.4 mm or more and less than 0.5 mm ⁇ : Bulging amount of the cell is less than 0.4 mm The results are shown in Table 1 below. ..
- Evaluation method 2 (test result 2) The heat insulating property when the cell was expanded was evaluated based on the following criteria. Evaluation Criteria ⁇ : When a pressure of 2 MPa was applied to the heat insulating part, 50% or more of the initial thickness of the heat insulating material was maintained. ⁇ : When a pressure of 2 MPa was applied to the heat insulating part, the initial thickness of the heat insulating material was maintained. It was held at 30% or more and less than 50%. ⁇ : When a pressure of 2 MPa was applied to the heat insulating part, it was less than 30% of the initial thickness of the heat insulating material.
- the compressive elastic modulus (23 ° C.) of the heat insulating portion of the partition member was measured with reference to JIS K7181. Specifically, a partition member is sandwiched between hydraulic presses and the press pressure and displacement during compression are recorded. From the results, the compressive stress and the compressive strain were obtained, and the value obtained by dividing the compressive stress difference by the compressive strain difference was obtained as the compressive elastic modulus.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the press pressure (constraint pressure) and the thickness retention rate in the heat insulating portion of the partition member. The compressive elastic modulus was determined in a region where the press pressure (constriction pressure) after the start of compression and the thickness retention rate have a linear relationship.
- Test Example 1 A porous sheet as a heat insulating material (vermiculite sheet, length 120 mm, width 60 mm, thickness 0.9 mm, compressive modulus 1.3 MPa) and an aluminum laminated film as an exterior body (polyethylene terephthalate as a resin layer (outside of a partition member)). , Including polyethylene (inside the partition member; thickness 0.11 mm), and seal the peripheral edges of the four sides of the exterior using a vacuum degassing sealer (manufactured by Fuji Impulse, model number: FCB-200). It was sealed by.
- the obtained packaging material had a length of 150 mm and a width of 90 mm, and the sealing portions on each side had a width of 5 mm from the end.
- a plate-shaped polybutylene terephthalate resin as a support portion, a length of 70 mm, a width of 5 mm (the area of the support portion SS is 700 mm 2 ), a thickness of 1.0 mm, and an exterior using a double-sided adhesive tape having a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- a partition member was obtained by adhering the two ends at parallel positions so as to form a pair of opposite sides at a position 1 mm from the peripheral edge of the short side of the body. When the obtained partition member is used between two different batteries, the thickness of the air layer on the non-contact region in the assembled battery is 0.2 mm.
- the ratio (SN / SI) of the area (SN ) of the non-contact region to the area (SI) of the heat insulating portion when viewed in a plan view is 0.92.
- the prepared partition members were evaluated using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 2 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 1 except that the heat insulating material was changed to a porous sheet having a different compressive elastic modulus (vermiculite sheet, compressive elastic modulus 7.8 MPa). The results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 3 As a heat insulating material, a porous sheet having a different compressive elastic modulus (vermiculite sheet, compressive elastic modulus 5.2 MPa) is used, the thickness of the support portion is 0.92 mm, and the thickness of the air layer ( TA ) is 0.12 mm. A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 2 except that it was changed to. The results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 4 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 3 except that the thickness of the support portion was changed to 2.3 mm and the thickness of the air layer (TA) was changed to 1.5 mm.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 5 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 3 except that the thickness of the support portion was changed to 0.85 mm and the thickness of the air layer (TA) was changed to 0.05 mm.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 6 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 3 except that the thickness of the support portion was changed to 3.3 mm and the thickness of the air layer (TA) was changed to 2.5 mm.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 7 The thickness of the support portion is 1.0 mm, the thickness of the air layer ( TA ) is 0.2 mm, and the ratio of the area of the non-contact region ( SN ) to the area of the heat insulating portion (SI) when viewed in a plan view ( SN ).
- a partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 3 except that S N / SI) was changed to 0.72.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 8 Partitioning in the same manner as in Test Example 7 except that the ratio (SN / SI) of the area of the non-contact area (SN ) to the area of the heat insulating portion (SI) when viewed in a plan view was changed to 1.0. Obtained a member.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 9 Partitioning in the same manner as in Test Example 7 except that the ratio (SN / SI) of the area of the non-contact area (SN ) to the area of the heat insulating portion (SI) when viewed in a plan view was changed to 0.39. Obtained a member.
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 10 The ratio (SN / SI) of the area of the non-contact area (SN ) to the area of the heat insulating part (SI) when viewed in a plan view was changed to 0.92, and the area SS of the support part was changed to 350 mm 2 .
- a partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 7 except for the above. The results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 11 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 10 except that the area SS of the support portion was changed to 2340 mm 2 .
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 12 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 10 except that the area SS of the support portion was changed to 250 mm 2 .
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 13 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 10 except that the area SS of the support portion was changed to 3200 mm 2 .
- the results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Test Example 14 A partition member was obtained in the same manner as in Test Example 3 except that 5 ml of water was contained after the heat insulating material was placed inside the exterior. The results of evaluation of the produced partition members using the above evaluation methods 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1 below.
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Abstract
Description
[2]前記仕切り部材を各単電池間に有する上記[1]に記載の組電池。
[3]前記仕切り部材が単電池積層方向に直交する面方向で、前記断熱部の外側に支持部を備え、前記支持部が前記単電池と接触してなる上記[1]又は[2]に記載の組電池。
[4]前記支持部の単電池積層方向における圧縮弾性率が0.5~100MPaである上記[3]に記載の組電池。
[5]前記非接触領域と、該非接触領域上の前記単電池との間隔が、0.1~2.5mmである上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[6]平面視した際の前記断熱部の面積(SI)に対する前記非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)が、0.3~1である上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[7]平面視した際の前記仕切り部材の面積(SP)に対する前記支持部の面積(SS)の割合(SS/SP)が、0.02~0.2である上記[3]~[6]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[8]平面視した際の前記仕切り部材が矩形であり、該仕切り部材上の前記支持部が線状で少なくとも一対の対辺を形成する上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[9]前記断熱部が液体を保有する上記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[10]前記断熱部が多孔質断熱材であり、前記液体が前記多孔質断熱材に保有されてなる上記[9]に記載の組電池。
[11]前記断熱部が外装体に収容されてなる上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の組電池。
[12]前記外装体が金属箔と熱可塑性樹脂層とを含む積層体からなる上記[11]に記載の組電池。
[13]前記金属箔を構成する金属がアルミニウム、銅、錫、ニッケル、ステンレス、鉛、錫鉛合金、青銅、銀、イリジウム、及び燐青銅の少なくともいずれかである上記[12]に記載の組電池。
[14]複数の単電池が積層してなる組電池の製造方法であって、前記単電池間の少なくとも1つに仕切り部材を配置し、前記仕切り部材が断熱部を有し、該断熱部の単電池積層方向における圧縮弾性率が0.5~10MPaであり、当該仕切り部材の断熱部の厚み方向に圧力をかけた状態で固定し、前記仕切り部材が前記単電池と接触しない非接触領域を設けることを特徴とする組電池の製造方法。
なお、本明細書において、「X~Y」(X,Yは任意の数字)と記載した場合、特に断らない限り「X以上Y以下」の意と共に、「好ましくはXより大きい」或いは「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含するものである。また、「X以上」(Xは任意の数字)と記載した場合、特に断らない限り「好ましくはXより大きい」の意を包含し、「Y以下」(Yは任意の数字)と記載した場合、特に断らない限り「好ましくはYより小さい」の意も包含するものである。
図1に示すように、第1の実施形態に係る組電池10Aは、複数の単電池12と、その各単電池12間を仕切る仕切り部材14Aとが積層してなる。仕切り部材14Aは、少なくとも組電池10Aを構成する各単電池12間に設けられ、各単電池12が互いに接触しないようにする部材である。当該仕切り部材14Aは、各単電池12の間以外に単電池12とその他の部材とを仕切るために使用することもできる。
図1に示す例では、各単電池12間に仕切り部材14Aが積層されているが、必ずしも全ての単電池間に仕切り部材14Aがある必要はなく、単電池間の少なくとも一つに仕切り部材を有して入ればよい。
また、図14に示すように、仕切り部材を有する態様においても、組付けの圧力で断熱部が若干圧縮され、断熱部が圧縮されることで、仕切り部材の端部が反りあがっていてもよい。本態様では、支持部があるため非接触部の調整がしやすく断熱部上にも非接触部が発生しやすく好ましい。
なお、図13及び図14は、断熱部が若干圧縮されて組み付けられている態様を示す概念図であり、矢印の右側の図は、それぞれ単電池が膨張し、さらに断熱部を圧縮した状態を示す概念図である。いずれも単電池と断熱部の関係を概念的に示すものであって、多少誇張した表現となっている。
また、組電池において仕切り部材が単電池と接触しない非接触領域があることのその他の効果として、組電池の組付け時のせん断力が非接触領域で分散されて断熱部の塑性変形を防止できることが挙げられる。好ましくは仕切り部材の断熱部が単電池と接触しない非接触領域を有する組電池である。
図2に示すように、第2の実施形態に係る組電池10Bは、複数の単電池12と、その各単電池12間を仕切る仕切り部材14Bとが積層してなり、仕切り部材14Bは、その断熱部16が外装体22に収容されている。仕切り部材14Bは、図3に示すように、外装体22上に、積層方向に直交する面方向(X方向)で断熱部16の外側に支持部18を備え、単電池12と接触しない非接触領域20を有している。非接触領域20は、第1の実施形態と同様に、支持部18が各単電池12と接触してこれを支持することで形成されている。第2の実施形態は、外装体22に断熱部16が収容されている以外は第1の実施形態と同様である。第2の実施形態のように断熱部16が外装体22に収容されていることで、単電池12が高温になった際の伝熱を外装体面方向へ拡散する効果があるため、接触面積部分に局所的にかかる熱を拡散することができ、断熱性をより向上することができる。
なお、圧縮弾性率は試験例に記載の方法で測定することができる。
空気層は厚いほど断熱性の点では有利であるが、組電池の組付け時に噛み込む異物の大きさが大きくなる点や、スペースを多くとりコスト増になるなどの不利益もあることから、空気層の厚さは、例えば非接触領域とその直上の単電池までの平均的な間隔として、0.1~2.5mmとなるように設計することが好ましく、0.2~1.5mmとすることがより好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.2~1mmの範囲である。
なお、断熱部の厚さ(外装体で被覆されている場合は断熱部と外装体の合計の厚さ)は0.5~3.0mmであることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.6~2mmであり、特に好ましくは0.6~1.5mmである。上記範囲とすることで、複数の単電池セルが高密度に積層された場合でも、単電池セルの充放電時の膨れ、さらには、経時劣化の際の膨張時に十分な断熱性を得ることができるため、長期にわたり異常時に必要な断熱効果を保持することができる。
なお、平面視した際の断熱部の面積は、25~200cm2であることが好ましい。
なお、支持部が複数ある場合の面積(SS)はそれらの合計とする。
また、支持部を用いる場合は断熱部の有する断熱効果を十分に発揮させ、非接触領域を効率的に得る観点から、仕切り部材の接する単電池の圧力集中箇所を覆う断熱部の中心部を避けることが好ましく、周縁部に存在することが好ましい。
また、支持部18は、図6~図8に示すように、外装体22によって覆われていてもよい。なお、支持部18は、図6に示すように、支持部が縦方向に平行に設けられ、一対の対辺を形成することが好ましく、また図7に示すように、支持部18は、形成方向に端部まで延在していてもよい。さらに支持部18は、図8に示すように幅方向の端部が剥き出しになっていてもよい。
[断熱部]
断熱部を構成する断熱材の熱伝導率は、0.3W/(m・K)以下が好ましく、0.1W/(m・K)以下であることが好ましい。断熱材の熱伝導率は、JIS A1412-1に記載の保護熱板法、JIS A1412-2に記載の熱流計法、JIS R1611に記載のパルス加熱法、JIS R2616に記載の熱線法、および、周期加熱法など、幾つかの方法を参照して求められるが、その測定方法を制限するものではない。周期加熱法について具体的に測定方法を挙げると、試験体(断熱材)の上下面に温度制御可能なヒーターを設置し、上部ヒーターにより厚さ方向に周期的な温度変動を与え、下部ヒーターにより下面を一定温度に制御する。この時、試験体上面から中間面に温度変動が伝播する際、位相差(時間差)を生じる。この位相差から熱拡散率を求め、比熱と密度との積から熱伝導率を算出する。
なお、液体を保有するために、断熱部を構成する断熱材は多孔質断熱材とすることが好ましい。すなわち断熱部は、液体がその多孔質断熱材に保有されてなることが好ましい。
繊維質は、例えば、紙、コットンシート、ポリイミド繊維、アラミド繊維、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)繊維、ガラス繊維、ロックウール、セラミック繊維及び生体溶解性無機繊維からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることが好ましく、これらの中でもガラス繊維、ロックウール、セラミック繊維及び生体溶解性無機繊維から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることが特に好ましい。セラミック繊維は、主としてシリカとアルミナからなる繊維(シリカ:アルミナ=40:60~0:100)であり、具体的には、シリカ・アルミナ繊維、ムライト繊維、アルミナ繊維を用いることができる。
外装体は主に断熱部を密封状態で収容する。外装体としては、例えば、樹脂及び/又は金属製のフィルム又はシートを適用することが可能であり、例えば、金属と樹脂とを積層した積層体を用いることも可能である。特にかかる金属と樹脂とを積層した積層体を用いて断熱部を収容するのが高い耐熱性及び強度を得る上で好ましい。上記金属と樹脂との積層構造を有する積層体として、金属箔と熱可塑性樹脂層とを含む積層体、及び樹脂層、金属箔、樹脂シーラント層を含む3層以上の積層体等を適用することが好ましい。
支持部は、組付け作製後の組電池において、単電池と仕切り部材の断熱部とが接触しない非接触領域20を保持するために好ましく用いることができる部材である。支持部を用いない場合は、例えば組電池筐体に仕切り部材を保持する保持部品を設けて非接触領域を得たり、断熱部の厚みを調整することによって非接触領域を得たりすることができる。
支持部を仕切り部材に用いる方法としては、例えば、断熱部の任意の位置に接着したり、組電池を構成する単電池上に断熱部と共に接着したり、断熱部を外装体で収容した包材上に設けたり、支持部を断熱部の周縁部に配置した状態で外装体で収容する等の方法が挙げられる。
単電池は、例えば、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出可能な正極及び負極、並びに電解質を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池であることが好ましい。また、リチウムイオン二次電池以外に、リチウムイオン全固体電池、ニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池、鉛蓄電池等の二次電池を適用し得る。
図9は組電池を構成する単電池12の一例を示す平面図であり、図10は図9に示した単電池12の正面図であり、図11は、単電池12の右側面図である。単電池12は、高さ方向(H)、幅方向(W)、厚み方向(D)を有する直方体状に形成されており、その上面に端子210、端子220が設けられている。
本発明は、組電池を構成する少なくとも1つの単電池間に本発明の仕切り部材を有する。前記組電池を構成する単電池と前記単電池以外の部材とを仕切る場合にも用いることが可能である。好ましくは、組電池を構成する全ての単電池間に本発明の仕切り部材を有する。
組電池を組み上げる方法は公知の方法が採用可能である。例えば複数の単電池を並べ、各単電池間の少なくとも1つや単電池と前記単電池以外の部材間に本発明の仕切り部材を配置し、当該仕切り部材の断熱部の厚み方向に、例えば1~5kNで圧力をかけた状態で固定する方法が挙げられる。さらに受け皿等の任意の部材を取り付けることも可能である。上記は一例であり、本発明の仕切り部材の組電池への適用方法はかかる例に限られない。
評価方法1(試験結果1)
組電池を構成する複数の単電池を厚み方向に並べ、各単電池の間に断熱部を備える仕切り部材を設けて厚み方向に圧力がかけられた状態で筐体に収めることを仮定する。この際、仕切り部材を含めた複数の単電池を並べた構造を保持するために厚み方向に与える拘束圧力を設計圧力と定義し、その圧力を2MPaとする。次に、組電池の使用により充電時や高温時となり、各単電池が膨れることを仮定する。この単電池の膨れ量(mm)に対し、仕切り部材にかかる圧力を計算により求める。仕切り部材にかかる圧力が設計圧力を超えるとき、複数の単電池を並べた構造は保持できなくなる、もしくは、単電池に圧力負荷が生じて単電池の変形や破壊が起きて危険な状態となる。そこで、設計圧力に対して仕切り部材にかかる圧力が上回る際の単電池の膨れ量(mm)を以下の基準に基づいて評価した。
評価基準
○:単電池の膨れ量が0.5mm以上
△:単電池の膨れ量が0.4mm以上、0.5mm未満
×:単電池の膨れ量が0.4mm未満
結果を下記表1に示す。
単電池膨張時の断熱性を以下の基準に基づいて評価した。
評価基準
○:断熱部に2MPaの圧力を負荷させた場合、断熱材の初期厚さの50%以上を保持していた
△:断熱部に2MPaの圧力を負荷させた場合、断熱材の初期厚さの30%以上、50%未満保持していた
×:断熱部に2MPaの圧力を負荷させた場合、断熱材の初期厚さの30%未満であった
仕切り部材の断熱部の圧縮弾性率(23℃)はJIS K7181を参考にして測定した。具体的には、油圧プレス機に仕切り部材を挟みこみプレス圧と圧縮時の変位を記録する。その結果から圧縮応力と圧縮歪みを求め、圧縮応力差を圧縮歪み差で除した値を圧縮弾性率として求めた。図12に仕切り部材の断熱部におけるプレス圧(拘束圧)と厚さ保持率の関係を示した。圧縮弾性率は圧縮開始後のプレス圧(拘束圧)と厚さ保持率が直線関係にある領域において求めた。
断熱材としての多孔質シート(バーミキュライトシート、縦120mm、幅60mm、厚み0.9mm、圧縮弾性率1.3MPa)を、外装体としてのアルミニウムラミネートフィルム(樹脂層としてポリエチレンテレフタレート(仕切り部材の外側)、ポリエチレン(仕切り部材の内側)を
含む;厚み0.11mm)内に配置し、真空脱気シーラー(富士インパルス社製、型番:FCB-200)を用いて外装体の4辺の周縁部をシールすることにより密封した。得られた包材は、縦150mm、幅90mm、各辺のシール部は、末端から5mm幅であった。
その後、支持部としての板状のポリブチレンテレフタレート樹脂、縦70mm、幅5mm(支持部の面積SSが700mm2)、厚さ1.0mm、を厚み0.1mmの両面粘着テープを使って外装体の短辺の周縁部から1mmの位置に一対の対辺を形成するように平行の位置に、両端部2ヵ所に貼り合わせて仕切り部材を得た。
得られた仕切り部材を異なる2つの電池間に用いた場合の組電池における、非接触領域上の空気層の厚さは0.2mmとなる。また、平面視した際の断熱部の面積(SI)に対する非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)は0.92となる。
作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った。結果を下記表1に示す。
断熱材として、異なる圧縮弾性率を有する多孔質シート(バーミキュライトシート、圧縮弾性率7.8MPa)に変更したこと以外は試験例1と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。
作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
断熱材として、異なる圧縮弾性率を有する多孔質シート(バーミキュライトシート、圧縮弾性率5.2MPa)を用い、支持部の厚さを0.92mm、空気層の厚さ(TA)を0.12mmに変更したこと以外は試験例2と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の厚さを2.3mm、空気層の厚さ(TA)を1.5mmに変更したこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の厚さを0.85mm、空気層の厚さ(TA)を0.05mmに変更したこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の厚さを3.3mm、空気層の厚さ(TA)を2.5mmに変更したこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の厚さを1.0mm、空気層の厚さ(TA)を0.2mm、平面視した際の断熱部の面積(SI)に対する非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)を0.72に変更したこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
平面視した際の断熱部の面積(SI)に対する非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)を1.0に変更したこと以外は試験例7と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
平面視した際の断熱部の面積(SI)に対する非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)を0.39に変更したこと以外は試験例7と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
平面視した際の断熱部の面積(SI)に対する非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)を0.92、支持部の面積SSを350mm2に変更したこと以外は試験例7と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の面積SSを2340mm2に変更したこと以外は試験例10と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の面積SSを250mm2に変更したこと以外は試験例10と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
支持部の面積SSを3200mm2に変更したこと以外は試験例10と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
断熱材を外装体内に配置した後に水5mlを含ませたこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
断熱材として、異なる圧縮弾性率を有する多孔質シート(バーミキュライトシート、圧縮弾性率0.3MPa)に変更したこと以外は試験例1と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
断熱材として、異なる圧縮弾性率を有する多孔質シート(バーミキュライトシート、圧縮弾性率15MPa)に変更したこと以外は試験例1と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
空気層の厚さ(TA)を0mmに変更したこと以外は試験例3と同様にして仕切り部材を得た。作製した仕切り部材について、上記評価方法1及び2を用いて評価を行った結果を下記表1に示す。
12 単電池
14、14A、14B 仕切り部材
16 断熱部
18 支持部
20 非接触領域
22 外装体
210 端子
220 端子
Claims (14)
- 複数の単電池が積層してなる組電池であって、単電池間の少なくとも一つに仕切り部材を有し、
前記仕切り部材が断熱部を有し、該断熱部の単電池積層方向における圧縮弾性率が0.5~10MPaであり、
前記仕切り部材が、前記単電池と接触しない非接触領域を有する組電池。 - 前記仕切り部材を各単電池間に有する請求項1に記載の組電池。
- 前記仕切り部材が単電池積層方向に直交する面方向で、前記断熱部の外側に支持部を備え、前記支持部が前記単電池と接触してなる請求項1又は2に記載の組電池。
- 前記支持部の単電池積層方向における圧縮弾性率が0.5~100MPaである請求項3に記載の組電池。
- 前記非接触領域と、該非接触領域上の前記単電池との間隔が、0.1~2.5mmである請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 平面視した際の前記断熱部の面積(SI)に対する前記非接触領域の面積(SN)の割合(SN/SI)が、0.3~1である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 平面視した際の前記仕切り部材の面積(SP)に対する前記支持部の面積(SS)の割合(SS/SP)が、0.02~0.2である請求項3~6のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 平面視した際の前記仕切り部材が矩形であり、該仕切り部材上の前記支持部が線状で少なくとも一対の対辺を形成する請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 前記断熱部が液体を保有する請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 前記断熱部が多孔質断熱材であり、前記液体が前記多孔質断熱材に保有されてなる請求項9に記載の組電池。
- 前記断熱部が外装体に収容されてなる請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の組電池。
- 前記外装体が金属箔と熱可塑性樹脂層とを含む積層体からなる請求項11に記載の組電池。
- 前記金属箔を構成する金属がアルミニウム、銅、錫、ニッケル、ステンレス、鉛、錫鉛合金、青銅、銀、イリジウム、及び燐青銅の少なくともいずれかである請求項12に記載の組電池。
- 複数の単電池が積層してなる組電池の製造方法であって、
前記単電池間の少なくとも1つに仕切り部材を配置し、
前記仕切り部材が断熱部を有し、該断熱部の単電池積層方向における圧縮弾性率が0.5~10MPaであり、
当該仕切り部材の断熱部の厚み方向に圧力をかけた状態で固定し、
前記仕切り部材が前記単電池と接触しない非接触領域を設けることを特徴とする組電池の製造方法。
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WO2024095867A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-10 | 日東電工株式会社 | 断熱部材 |
WO2024107265A1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-05-23 | Aspen Aerogels, Inc. | Compressed battery thermal barrier and method |
EP4415110A1 (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-14 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Battery pack |
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JP5740103B2 (ja) | 2009-10-19 | 2015-06-24 | 日東電工株式会社 | 熱伝導部材、及びそれを用いた組電池装置 |
JP6016026B2 (ja) | 2013-02-15 | 2016-10-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 組電池および電池モジュール |
DE102017008102A1 (de) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-02-28 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Energiespeichersystem |
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EP4415110A1 (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-14 | Prime Planet Energy & Solutions, Inc. | Battery pack |
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