WO2022138638A1 - 合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022138638A1 WO2022138638A1 PCT/JP2021/047318 JP2021047318W WO2022138638A1 WO 2022138638 A1 WO2022138638 A1 WO 2022138638A1 JP 2021047318 W JP2021047318 W JP 2021047318W WO 2022138638 A1 WO2022138638 A1 WO 2022138638A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- film
- layer
- glass member
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- Prior art date
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- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 406
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 260
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 320
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 65
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 55
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 51
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 48
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 43
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 17
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 17
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 11
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
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- OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bumetrizole Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O OCWYEMOEOGEQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CCCC FRQDZJMEHSJOPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
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- JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethylbutanoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(CC)CC JEYLQCXBYFQJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJGHMLJGPSVSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-octanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC YJGHMLJGPSVSLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQJZHMCWDKOPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-anilino-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PQJZHMCWDKOPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJYSXRBJOSZLEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 KJYSXRBJOSZLEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCCC KZVBBTZJMSWGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNQFGKYCUMPAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-pentylphenyl]pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC(CC(O)CCC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 KNQFGKYCUMPAHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLZBUNUDESZERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-heptyl 6-o-nonyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCC DLZBUNUDESZERL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCTNDJAFNBCVOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(CN)=NC2=N1 XCTNDJAFNBCVOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKQNDABUGIXFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-octanoyloxyethoxy)ethyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC CKQNDABUGIXFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC GCDUWJFWXVRGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-heptanoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCCCCC SSKNCQWPZQCABD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 QSRJVOOOWGXUDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYBPUVGDDCVYPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4,4-bis(5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butan-2-yl]-5-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C(C)C=1C(C)CC(C=1C(=C(O)C=C(C=1)C(C)(C)C)C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(O)=C1C QYBPUVGDDCVYPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUDPXPYGTYNSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(1-hexylcyclohexyl)oxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC1(CCCCCC)CCCCC1 ZUDPXPYGTYNSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxyflavone Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OIUGWVWLEGLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-nonoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O OIUGWVWLEGLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/1088—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by superposing a plurality of layered products
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10605—Type of plasticiser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10779—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyester
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10972—Degassing during the lamination
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/414—Translucent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
- Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to laminated glass.
- Laminated glass has excellent safety because the amount of glass fragments scattered is small even if it is damaged by an external impact. For this reason, laminated glass is widely used in automobiles, railroad vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, and the like. Laminated glass is manufactured by sandwiching an interlayer film between a pair of glass plates (laminated glass members).
- an interlayer film having a film having optical properties such as a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) may be used.
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- Patent Document 1 discloses laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between glass plates having at least two curved surfaces.
- the interlayer film includes an adhesive resin layer laminated on the entire surface of both the resin film layer and the resin film layer.
- the resin film layer has a plurality of defective portions on the peripheral edge portion, and the generatrix of the resin film layer and the outer peripheral line of the adhesive resin layer have substantially the same shape.
- Patent Document 1 describes a polyethylene terephthalate film as the film of the resin film layer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a biaxially stretched laminated polyester film and a structure for laminated glass in which an interlayer film is laminated on at least one surface thereof.
- the biaxially stretched laminated polyester film has a laminated structure of 51 or more layers in which the first layer and the second layer are alternately laminated, and constitutes the first layer.
- Polyester is polyethylene naphthalate.
- the heat shrinkage rate when the biaxially stretched laminated polyester film is heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes is 0.8% or less.
- the interlayer film In an interlayer film provided with a film having optical properties such as a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film), the interlayer film is liable to wrinkle during the production of laminated glass. In particular, wrinkles are likely to occur on the peripheral edge of the interlayer film.
- a film having optical properties such as a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film)
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass having a good appearance in which wrinkles in the interlayer film are suppressed even though an interlayer film having a film having optical properties is used.
- the present invention is a laminated glass provided with a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film, and the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- the interlayer is arranged between the and, and the interlayer comprises a film having optical properties and a second layer containing a thermoplastic resin, and an end portion of the first laminated glass member.
- the maximum value of the distance from the to the end of the film having the optical property is 15 mm or less, and the film having the optical property is in a region of 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member.
- a laminated glass in which the maximum value of the unevenness of the surface of the film having the optical property in the cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum height of the unevenness of the surface of the film having the optical property in the cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the optical property in the region of 5 cm is 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass is 2% or less in the 5 cm region.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass is 2% or less.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member each have a corner portion of 100 ° or less in a plan view.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member each have a corner portion of 80 ° or less in a plan view.
- the laminated glass is arranged to obtain a laminated body by arranging the interlayer film between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member. And the degassing step of degassing so that the pressure applied to the corners of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is 8 MPa or less.
- the laminated glass uses a state in which a vacuum rubber tube is attached to the outer peripheral edge of the laminated body, a state in which the laminated glass is arranged in a vacuum bag, or a nipper roll. It is obtained by performing the degassing step in a state where the laminated body is pressed with two rubber rolls.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention is a laminated glass provided with a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film, and the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.
- the interlayer film is arranged between the two.
- the interlayer film includes a film having optical properties and a second layer containing a thermoplastic resin.
- the maximum value of the distance from the end portion of the first laminated glass member to the end portion of the film having the optical properties is 15 mm or less.
- a film having the above optical properties in a cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the above optical properties in a region 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member is 100 ⁇ m or less. Since the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, wrinkles in the interlayer film are suppressed even though an interlayer film having a film having optical properties is used, which is good. Has an appearance.
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view schematically showing a laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view of a laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a plan view which shows.
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view schematically showing a laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view of a laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass member that can be used for the laminated glass of the present invention.
- 4 (a) and 4 (b) are views schematically showing the shape of a vacuum rubber tube that can be used in manufacturing laminated glass.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the laminated glass member used in the embodiment.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention is a laminated glass including a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and an interlayer film (interlayer film for laminated glass), and the first laminated glass member and the above.
- the interlayer film is arranged between the second laminated glass member and the laminated glass member.
- the interlayer film includes a film having optical properties and a second layer containing a thermoplastic resin.
- the maximum value of the distance from the end portion of the first laminated glass member to the end portion of the film having the optical properties is 15 mm or less.
- a film having the above optical properties in a cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the above optical properties in a region 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member is a film having the above optical properties in a cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the above optical properties in a region 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness on the surface of the surface is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the 5 cm region is a region from the position of 0 mm, which is the end of the first laminated glass member, to the position of 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, wrinkles in the interlayer film are suppressed even though an interlayer film having a film having optical properties is used, which is good. Has an appearance.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention can also eliminate wrinkles in the interlayer film.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, the visible light transmittance and haze of the laminated glass can be improved.
- the conventional method for manufacturing laminated glass may cause wrinkles in the film having optical properties.
- wrinkles are likely to occur at the edges of the film.
- the interlayer film is wrinkled and the appearance of the laminated glass is deteriorated.
- the present inventors load the laminated glass member during the degassing step in manufacturing the laminated glass because the cause of wrinkles in the interlayer film when the interlayer film provided with the film having optical properties is used. It was found that this is because the pressure applied (particularly the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member) becomes large.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention can be manufactured by reducing the pressure applied to the laminated glass member (particularly the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member) during the degassing step, and as a result, the laminated glass can be manufactured.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention has a good appearance because wrinkles in the interlayer film are suppressed. The details of the method for producing a laminated glass according to the present invention will be described later.
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view schematically showing a laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view of a laminated glass according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a plan view which shows.
- the laminated glass 31 shown in FIG. 1 includes a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer film 11.
- the interlayer film 11 has a film 1 having optical properties, a second layer 2, and a third layer 3.
- the interlayer film 11 has a three-layer structure.
- the second layer 2 is arranged on the first surface (one surface) 1a side of the film 1 and is laminated.
- the third layer 3 is arranged on the side of the second surface (the other surface) 1b opposite to the first surface 1a of the film 1, and is laminated.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface 11a of the interlayer film 11.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface 11b opposite to the first surface 11a of the interlayer film 11.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the outer surface 2a of the second layer 2.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the outer surface 3a of the third layer 3.
- the end portion of the film 1 and the end portion of the second layer 2 are not aligned.
- the end portion of the film 1 and the end portion of the third layer 3 are not aligned.
- the edge of the film 1 is inside the edge of the second layer 2.
- the edge of the film 1 is inside the edge of the third layer 3.
- the end portion of the second layer 2 and the end portion of the first laminated glass member 21 are aligned.
- the end portion of the third layer 3 and the end portion of the second laminated glass member 22 are aligned.
- the end portion of the film 1 exists inside the end portion of the first laminated glass member 21.
- the end portion of the film 1 is inside the end portion of the second laminated glass member 22.
- the distance L is defined as the distance from the end of the first laminated glass member (first laminated glass member 21) to the end of the film (film 1) having the above optical properties.
- the maximum value of the distance L is 15 mm or less.
- a region 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member (first laminated glass member 21) is defined as a 5 cm region R.
- the maximum value of the unevenness on the surface of the film 1 in the observation of the cross section (FIG. 1 (a)) along the thickness direction of the film 1 in the region R of 5 cm is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the cross section along the thickness direction of the film 1 is a cross section along the thickness direction of the laminated glass 31.
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view schematically showing a laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a schematic view of a laminated glass according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a plan view which shows.
- the laminated glass 31A shown in FIG. 2 includes a first laminated glass member 21, a second laminated glass member 22, and an interlayer film 11A.
- the interlayer film 11A has a film 1A having optical properties, a second layer 2A, and a third layer 3A.
- the interlayer film 11A has a three-layer structure.
- the second layer 2A is arranged on the first surface 1Aa side of the film 1A and is laminated.
- the third layer 3A is arranged on the side of the second surface 1Ab opposite to the first surface 1Aa of the film 1A, and is laminated.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the first surface (one surface) 11Aa of the interlayer film 11A.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the second surface (the other surface) 11Ab opposite to the first surface 11Aa of the interlayer film 11A.
- the first laminated glass member 21 is laminated on the surface of the outer side 2Aa of the second layer 2A.
- the second laminated glass member 22 is laminated on the outer surface 3Aa of the third layer 3A.
- the end portion of the film 1A and the end portion of the second layer 2A are not aligned.
- the end portion of the film 1A and the end portion of the third layer 3A are not aligned.
- the end portion of the film 1A exists outside the end portion of the second layer 2A.
- the end portion of the film 1A exists outside the end portion of the third layer 3A.
- the end portion of the second layer 2A and the end portion of the first laminated glass member 21 are aligned.
- the end portion of the third layer 3A and the end portion of the second laminated glass member 22 are aligned.
- the end portion of the film 1A exists outside the end portion of the first laminated glass member 21.
- the end portion of the film 1A exists outside the end portion of the second laminated glass member 22.
- the distance L is defined as the distance from the end of the first laminated glass member (first laminated glass member 21) to the end of the film (film 1A) having the above optical properties.
- the maximum value of the distance L is 15 mm or less.
- a region 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member (first laminated glass member 21) is defined as a 5 cm region R.
- the maximum value of the unevenness on the surface of the film 1A in the observation of the cross section (FIG. 2A) along the thickness direction of the film 1A in the region R of 5 cm is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the cross section along the thickness direction of the film 1A is a cross section along the thickness direction of the laminated glass 31A.
- the maximum value of the distance L from the end of the first laminated glass member to the end of the film having the optical properties is 15 mm or less, preferably 12 mm or less, more preferably. Is 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 0 mm.
- the maximum value of the distance L is not more than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the maximum value of the distance L may be 0 mm or more, may exceed 0 mm, may be 5 mm or more, or may be 10 mm or more.
- the maximum value of the distance L'from the end of the second laminated glass member to the end of the film having the optical properties is preferably 15 mm or less, more preferably 12 mm or less. It is more preferably 10 mm or less, further preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 0 mm.
- the maximum value of the distance L' is equal to or less than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the maximum value of the distance L' may be 0 mm or more, may exceed 0 mm, may be 5 mm or more, or may be 10 mm or more.
- the average value of the distance L from the end portion of the first laminated glass member to the end portion of the film having the optical properties is preferably 15 mm or less, more preferably 12 mm or less. It is more preferably 10 mm or less, further preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 0 mm.
- the average value of the distance L is not more than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the average value of the distance L may be 0 mm or more, may exceed 0 mm, may be 3 mm or more, or may be 5 mm or more.
- the average value of the distance L'from the end of the second laminated glass member to the end of the film having the optical properties is preferably 15 mm or less, more preferably 12 mm or less. It is more preferably 10 mm or less, further preferably 5 mm or less, particularly preferably 3 mm or less, and most preferably 0 mm.
- the average value of the distance L' is equal to or less than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be exhibited even more effectively.
- the average value of the distance L' may be 0 mm or more, may exceed 0 mm, may be 3 mm or more, or may be 5 mm or more.
- the distance L and the distance L'at the same portion of the laminated glass coincide with each other. Further, in general, the maximum value of the distance L and the maximum value of the distance L'match, and the average value of the distance L and the average value of the distance L'match.
- the distance L and the distance L' are the distances between the end portion of the first laminated glass member or the second laminated glass member and the end portion of the film when the laminated glass is viewed in a plan view. ..
- the maximum values of the distance L and the distance L' are the farthest from the end of the first laminated glass member or the second laminated glass member and the end of the film when the laminated glass is viewed in a plan view. The distance you are.
- the distance L is 0 at the portion where the end portion of the first laminated glass member and the end portion of the film are aligned, and the end portion of the second laminated glass member and the end portion of the film are aligned. In the part, the distance L'is 0.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention has the above optical properties in a cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the above optical properties in a region R of 5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member.
- the maximum value of the unevenness on the surface of the film is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 0 ⁇ m.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness When the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is 0 ⁇ m, the surface of the film having the optical properties has no unevenness.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness may be 0 ⁇ m or more, may exceed 0 ⁇ m, may be 1 ⁇ m or more, or may be 5 ⁇ m or more. It may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 30 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the above optical properties in cross-sectional observation along the thickness direction of the film having the above optical properties can be obtained.
- the maximum value of the unevenness on the surface of the film to have is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 0 ⁇ m.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness When the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is 0 ⁇ m, the surface of the film having the optical properties has no unevenness.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness may be 0 ⁇ m or more, may exceed 0 ⁇ m, may be 1 ⁇ m or more, or may be 5 ⁇ m or more. It may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 30 ⁇ m or more, or 50 ⁇ m or more.
- the 5 cm region R and the 5 cm region R' are the same.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is obtained by observing a cross section of the laminated glass along the thickness direction of the film having the optical property, and the highest portion of the surface of the film having the optical property (the highest value). For example, it can be obtained by calculating the height distance (height difference) between the highest convex portion (the apex of the highest convex portion) and the lowest portion (for example, the deepest portion of the deepest concave portion).
- the height of the unevenness is measured on the main surfaces on both sides of the film having the optical properties. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1A, the height of the unevenness is measured on the upper surface and the lower surface of the film 1. In FIG.
- the surface (upper surface and lower surface) of the film 1 is drawn as a flat surface, but the surface of the film 1 may be uneven. Further, the unevenness of the surface of the film 1 is measured in the region where the film 1 exists in the region R of 5 cm and the region R'of 5 cm. Similarly, referring to FIG. 2A, the height of the unevenness is measured on the upper surface and the lower surface of the film 1A. In FIG. 2A, the surface (upper surface and lower surface) of the film 1A is drawn as a flat surface, but the surface of the film 1A may be uneven. Further, the unevenness of the surface of the film 1A is measured in the region where the film 1A exists in the region R of 5 cm and the region R'of 5 cm.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness can be measured using a microscope.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness can be measured.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is measured. good. Before and after cutting the laminated glass, the height of the unevenness of the film having optical properties hardly changes.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass is preferably 2% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, still more preferably 1.0% or less. ..
- the transparency of the laminated glass can be further enhanced.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass may be 0.8% or more, 1.0% or more, or 1.5. It may be% or more.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass is preferably 2% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, still more preferably 1.0% or less. When the maximum value of the haze is not more than the upper limit, the transparency of the laminated glass can be further enhanced.
- the maximum value of the haze of the laminated glass may be 0.8% or more, 1.0% or more, or 1.2% or more.
- the haze is measured using a haze meter in accordance with JIS K6714.
- the average value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 72% or more, preferably 90% or less, and more. It is preferably 88% or less.
- the average value of the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 72% or more, preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 88% or less.
- a spectrophotometer for example, "U-4100” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech
- a spectrophotometer is used to measure the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass at a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm in accordance with JIS R3212. It is required by that.
- first and second laminated glass members examples include a glass plate and a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film.
- the laminated glass includes not only laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between two glass plates, but also laminated glass in which an interlayer film is sandwiched between a glass plate and a PET film or the like.
- the laminated glass is a laminated body provided with a glass plate, and it is preferable that at least one glass plate is used.
- the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) films, respectively, and the laminated glass includes at least one glass plate as the first and second laminated glass members. Is preferable. It is particularly preferable that both the first and second laminated glass members are glass plates.
- the glass plate examples include an inorganic glass plate and an organic glass plate.
- the inorganic glass plate examples include float plate glass, heat ray absorbing plate glass, heat ray reflecting plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, wire-reinforced plate glass, colored plate glass, ultraviolet shielding plate glass, chemically strengthened plate glass, physically strengthened plate glass, clear glass, and green glass. Can be mentioned. In the above-mentioned wire-filled plate glass, the wire may be mesh-like.
- the ultraviolet shielding plate glass is a plate glass in which an ultraviolet shielding agent layer is formed on the surface of the glass plate.
- the organic glass plate is a synthetic resin glass plate that replaces the inorganic glass plate.
- Examples of the organic glass plate include a polycarbonate plate, a polyethylene terephthalate plate, a poly (meth) acrylic resin plate, and the like.
- Examples of the poly (meth) acrylic resin plate include a polymethyl (meth) acrylate plate.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be laminated glass members having a curved surface or may be laminated glass members having no curved surface, respectively.
- the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be curved glass or flat glass, respectively.
- each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the glass plate is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, and preferably 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the PET film is preferably 0.03 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the thicknesses of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member may be the same or different.
- the thickness of the thicker glass member is at least twice the thickness of the thinner glass member. It may be 10 times or less.
- the thickness of the first and second laminated glass members means the average thickness.
- Each of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member preferably has a corner portion of 100 ° or less, more preferably 90 ° or less, and more preferably 80 ° in a plan view. It is more preferable to have the following corners. The smaller the angle of the corners, the greater the pressure applied to the laminated glass member during the manufacture of the laminated glass, so that the interlayer film is likely to wrinkle. However, in the present invention, even if the angle of the corners is small, the present invention The effect of the invention can be exhibited.
- the angle of the rounded corners means the angle when the corners do not have roundness.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing an example of a laminated glass member that can be used for the laminated glass of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the angle of the corner portion of the laminated glass member.
- the laminated glass member 25 is a first laminated glass member or a second laminated glass member.
- the laminated glass member 25 has four corners.
- the laminated glass member 25 has a first corner portion having an angle ⁇ 1 , a second corner portion having an angle ⁇ 2 , a third corner portion having an angle ⁇ 3 , and a fourth corner portion having an angle ⁇ 4 .
- the interlayer film includes at least a film having optical properties and a second layer containing a thermoplastic resin.
- the second layer is arranged on the first surface side of the film having the optical properties. Therefore, the interlayer film has a structure of at least two layers.
- the interlayer film may have a structure of two layers, may have a structure of two or more layers, may have a structure of three layers, or may have a structure of three or more layers. It may have a structure of four or more layers, it may have a structure of five or more layers, or it may have a structure of six or more layers.
- the interlayer film having a structure of three or more layers includes a film having optical properties, a second layer, and a third layer.
- the second layer is arranged on the first surface side of the film having the optical properties
- the third layer is the first layer of the film having the optical properties. It is arranged on the second surface side opposite to the surface.
- the film having the optical properties and the second layer are directly laminated, and it is preferable that the film having the optical properties and the third layer are directly laminated.
- the structure of the interlayer film may be partially different.
- the interlayer film may have a portion having a structure of one layer and a portion having a structure of two or more layers.
- the interlayer film may have a portion having a structure of one layer and a portion having a structure of three or more layers.
- the interlayer film may have a portion having a structure of two layers and a portion having a structure of three or more layers.
- the interlayer film may have a portion having a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction.
- the interlayer film may have a portion in which the thickness gradually increases from one end to the other end, or a portion in which the thickness gradually decreases from one end to the other end.
- the interlayer film may have a portion in which the thickness gradually increases from one end to the other end, or may have a portion in which the thickness gradually decreases from one end to the other end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film in the thickness direction may be wedge-shaped. Examples of the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film in the thickness direction include a trapezoid, a triangle, and a pentagon.
- Examples of the film having the above optical properties include a polyethylene terephthalate film (PET film) and an infrared reflective film.
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- infrared reflective film an infrared reflective film
- the infrared reflective film examples include a resin film with a metal foil, a multilayer laminated film in which a metal layer and a dielectric layer are formed on the resin film, a multilayer resin film, a liquid crystal film, and the like. These films have the ability to reflect infrared rays.
- the resin film with a metal foil includes a resin film and a metal foil laminated on the outer surface of the resin film.
- the resin film material include polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyolefin resin, and poly.
- Examples thereof include vinyl chloride resin and polyimide resin.
- the material of the metal foil include aluminum, copper, silver, gold, palladium, and alloys containing these.
- the multilayer laminated film in which the metal layer and the dielectric layer are formed on the resin film is a multilayer laminated film in which the metal layer and the dielectric layer are alternately laminated on the resin film in an arbitrary number of layers.
- the metal layer / dielectric layer / metal layer / dielectric There may be structural parts such as a layer / metal layer / metal layer / dielectric layer / metal layer in which parts are not alternately laminated.
- the material of the metal layer in the multilayer laminated film include the same materials as the material of the metal foil in the resin film with the metal foil.
- a coat layer of a metal or a mixed oxide of a metal can be applied to both sides or one side of the metal layer.
- the material of the coat layer include ZnO, Al 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , InO 3 , MgO, Ti, NiCr and Cu.
- examples of the material of the dielectric layer in the multilayer laminated film include indium oxide and the like.
- the multilayer resin film is a laminated film in which a plurality of resin films are laminated.
- Examples of the material of the multilayer resin film include the same materials as the material of the resin film in the multilayer resin film.
- the number of laminated resin films in the multilayer resin film is 2 or more, and may be 3 or more, or may be 5 or more.
- the number of laminated resin films in the multilayer resin film may be 1000 or less, 100 or less, or 50 or less.
- the multilayer resin film may be a multilayer resin film in which two or more types of thermoplastic resin layers having different optical properties (refractive index) are alternately or randomly laminated in an arbitrary number of layers. Such a multilayer resin film is configured to obtain desired infrared reflection performance.
- liquid crystal film examples include a film in which cholesteric liquid crystal layers that reflect light of an arbitrary wavelength are laminated in an arbitrary number of layers. Such a liquid crystal film is configured to obtain the desired infrared reflection performance.
- the infrared reflective film may contain infrared reflective particles.
- the infrared reflective particles are particles having infrared reflective performance, and examples thereof include flat plate particles having a thickness of 1 nm or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- an infrared reflective film having infrared reflection performance can be obtained by adjusting the thickness, surface area, and arrangement state of the silver nanoparticles.
- PET films examples include “Lumirror 100-U34” and “100-U48” manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., and “Diafoil O-100E” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation.
- examples of commercially available products of the infrared reflective film include “ultra-multilayer resin film Nano 90S” and “ultra-multilayer resin film Nano 80S” manufactured by 3M.
- the film having the above optical properties is preferably a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film When laminated glass is manufactured using an interlayer film provided with a polyethylene terephthalate film, wrinkles are more likely to occur in the polyethylene terephthalate film.
- the film having the above optical properties is a polyethylene terephthalate film, wrinkles in the interlayer film are suppressed, and a laminated glass having a good appearance can be produced. can.
- the average thickness of the film having the above optical properties is preferably 23 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 120 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness is equal to or higher than the lower limit and lower than the upper limit, the effect of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited.
- Thermoplastic resin contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (2)).
- the second layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (2)) as the thermoplastic resin (2).
- the third layer preferably contains a resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as resin (3)).
- the third layer preferably contains a thermoplastic resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a thermoplastic resin (3)).
- the third layer preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin (hereinafter, may be referred to as a polyvinyl acetal resin (3)) as the thermoplastic resin (3).
- thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3) may be the same or different.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) may be the same or different.
- thermoplastic resin (2) and the thermoplastic resin (3) only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) only one type may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, ionomer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin and the like. Thermoplastic resins other than these may be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably an acetal product of polyvinyl alcohol.
- the polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is generally in the range of 70 mol% to 99.9 mol%.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, still more preferably 1500 or more, still more preferably 1600 or more, particularly preferably 2600 or more, and most preferably 2700 or more. It is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, and even more preferably 3500 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization is at least the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further increased.
- the average degree of polymerization is not more than the above upper limit, molding of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the average degree of polymerization of the above polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 "polyvinyl alcohol test method".
- the carbon number of the acetal group contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the aldehyde used in producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited.
- the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably 3 or 4 carbon atoms. When the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin has 3 or more carbon atoms, the glass transition temperature of the interlayer film becomes sufficiently low.
- the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal resin may have 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- the above aldehyde is not particularly limited. Generally, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used. Examples of the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde, n-barrel aldehyde, 2-ethylbutylaldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, and n-nonylaldehyde. , N-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and the like.
- the aldehyde is preferably propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde or n-barrel aldehyde, more preferably propionaldehyde, n-butylaldehyde or isobutylaldehyde, and n-butyl.
- Aldehydes are even more preferred. Only one kind of the above aldehyde may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the content of each hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 28 mol% or more, still more preferably 30 mol% or more, still more preferably. It exceeds 31 mol%, more preferably 31.5 mol% or more, particularly preferably 32 mol% or more, and most preferably 33 mol% or more.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 37 mol% or less, still more preferably 36.5 mol% or less, and particularly preferably. Is 36 mol% or less.
- the content of the hydroxyl group is at least the above lower limit or exceeds the above lower limit, the adhesive strength of the interlayer film becomes even higher. Further, when the content of the hydroxyl group is not more than the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased and the handling of the interlayer film becomes easy.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, and the mole fraction is shown as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS K6728 "Polyvinyl butyral test method".
- the degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, and preferably 10 mol% or less. More preferably, it is 2 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetylation is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is not more than the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass becomes high.
- the degree of acetylation is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain and showing the mole fraction as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene group to which the acetyl group is bonded can be measured according to, for example, JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method".
- the degree of acetalization (in the case of polyvinyl butyral resin, the degree of butyralization) of the polyvinyl acetal resin (2) and the polyvinyl acetal resin (3) is preferably 55 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more. It is preferably 75 mol% or less, more preferably 71 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is at least the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer becomes high.
- the degree of acetalization is not more than the above upper limit, the reaction time required for producing the polyvinyl acetal resin is shortened.
- the above acetalization degree is obtained as follows. First, the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl group is bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which the acetyl group is bonded is obtained from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The obtained value is divided by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain to obtain the mole fraction. The value obtained by expressing this mole fraction as a percentage is the degree of acetalization.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), acetalization degree (butyralization degree) and acetylation degree are preferably calculated from the results measured by a method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method". However, the measurement by ASTM D1396-92 may be used.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount), the acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and the acetylation degree are based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method”. Can be calculated from the results measured by.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the second layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and further. It is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the second layer is preferably 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the second layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the third layer is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and further. It is preferably 70% by weight or more, particularly preferably 80% by weight or more, and most preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin contained in the third layer is preferably 100% by weight or less.
- the main component (50% by weight or more) of the thermoplastic resin in the third layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the second layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (2)).
- the third layer preferably contains a plasticizer (hereinafter, may be referred to as a plasticizer (3)).
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the interlayer film is a polyvinyl acetal resin
- the layer containing the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the above plasticizer is not particularly limited. Conventionally known plasticizers can be used as the plasticizers. Only one kind of the above-mentioned plasticizer may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- plasticizer examples include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic subphosphoric acid plasticizers.
- the plasticizer is preferably an organic ester plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acid ester include glycol esters obtained by reacting glycol with a monobasic organic acid.
- Examples of the glycol include triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and the like.
- Examples of the monobasic organic acid include buty acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptyl acid, n-octyl acid, 2-ethylhexic acid, n-nonyl acid, decyl acid and benzoic acid.
- polybasic organic acid ester examples include an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- polybasic organic acid examples include adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and the like.
- organic ester plasticizer examples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, and triethylene glycol dicaprylate.
- Triethylene Glycol Di-n-Octanoate Triethylene Glycol Di-n-Heptanoate, Tetraethylene Glycol Di-n-Heptanoate, Dibutyl Sevakate, Dioctyl Azelate, Dibutyl Carbitol Adipate, Ethylene Glycol Di-2-Ethyl Butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol Di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicaprylate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, dihexyl adip
- Examples include a mixture with and.
- the organic ester plasticizer other organic ester plasticizers may be used.
- an adipate ester other than the above-mentioned adipate ester may be used.
- organophosphate plasticizer examples include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate and the like.
- the plasticizer is preferably a diester plasticizer represented by the following formula (1).
- R1 and R2 each represent an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
- R3 represents an ethylene group, an isopropylene group or an n-propylene group
- p represents an integer of 3 to 10.
- Each of R1 and R2 in the above formula (1) is preferably an organic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an organic group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpropanoate. ..
- the plasticizer preferably contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) or triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), more preferably triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate. It is more preferred to include ate (3GO).
- the content of the plasticizer (2) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (2) is defined as the content (2).
- the content of the plasticizer (3) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (3) is defined as the content (3).
- the content (2) and the content (3) are preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 15 parts by weight or more, still more preferably 20 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably. Is 24 parts by weight or more, most preferably 25 parts by weight or more.
- the content (2) and the content (3) are preferably 45 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 35 parts by weight or less, and particularly preferably 32 parts by weight or less, most preferably.
- the second layer preferably contains at least one metal salt (hereinafter, may be referred to as metal salt M) among the alkali metal salt and the alkaline earth metal salt.
- the third layer preferably contains the metal salt M.
- the alkaline earth metal means six kinds of metals, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra. By using the metal salt M, it becomes easy to control the adhesiveness between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member or the adhesiveness between each layer in the interlayer film.
- the metal salt M only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the metal salt M preferably contains at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
- the metal salt M contained in the interlayer film preferably contains at least one of K and Mg.
- the metal salt M an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms can be used.
- the metal salt M may contain a carboxylic acid magnesium salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or a carboxylic acid potassium salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- magnesium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and the potassium carboxylic acid salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms include magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, and 2-ethylbutanoic acid. Examples thereof include potassium, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate.
- the total content of Mg and K in the interlayer film containing the metal salt M or the layer containing the metal salt M (second layer or third layer) is preferably 5 ppm or more, more preferably 10 ppm or more. It is more preferably 20 ppm or more, preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 250 ppm or less, still more preferably 200 ppm or less.
- the adhesiveness between the interlayer film and the glass plate or the adhesiveness between each layer of the interlayer film can be controlled more satisfactorily.
- the second layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent.
- the third layer preferably contains an ultraviolet shielding agent. Due to the use of the ultraviolet shielding agent, the visible light transmittance is less likely to decrease even if the laminated glass is used for a long period of time. Only one kind of the above-mentioned ultraviolet shielding agent may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
- the above UV shielding agent contains a UV absorber.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet absorber.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent examples include an ultraviolet shielding agent containing a metal atom, an ultraviolet shielding agent containing a metal oxide, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure (benzotriazole compound), and an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure (benzophenone compound). ), An ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure (triazine compound), an ultraviolet shielding agent having a malonic acid ester structure (malonic acid ester compound), an ultraviolet shielding agent having a oxalic acid anilide structure (a oxalic acid anilide compound), and a benzoate structure. Examples thereof include an ultraviolet shielding agent (benzoate compound).
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal atom include platinum particles, particles in which the surface of platinum particles is coated with silica, palladium particles, particles in which the surface of palladium particles is coated with silica, and the like.
- the UV shielding agent is preferably not heat-shielding particles.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, an ultraviolet shielding agent having a triazine structure, or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzoate structure.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is more preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure or an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure, and further preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide and the like. Further, the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide may be coated. Examples of the coating material on the surface of the ultraviolet shielding agent containing the metal oxide include insulating metal oxides, hydrolyzable organosilicon compounds, silicone compounds and the like.
- the insulating metal oxide examples include silica, alumina and zirconia.
- the insulating metal oxide has a bandgap energy of, for example, 5.0 eV or more.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure include 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole ("TinuvinP” manufactured by BASF), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole (BASF "Tinuvin320"), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole (BASF) "Tinuvin 326" manufactured by BASF), 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-amylphenyl) benzotriazole ("Tinuvin 328" manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is excellent in the ability to shield ultraviolet rays
- the ultraviolet shielding agent is preferably an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a halogen atom, and may be an ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzotriazole structure containing a chlorine atom. More preferred.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a benzophenone structure include octabenzone (“Chimassorb81” manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- UV shielding agent having the above triazine structure
- examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having the above triazine structure include "LA-F70” manufactured by ADEKA and 2- (4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl) -5-[(hexyl).
- Oxy] -phenol (“Tinuvin1577FF” manufactured by BASF) and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a malonic acid ester structure include 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) dimethyl malonate, tetraethyl-2,2- (1,4-phenylenedimethylidene) bismaronate, and 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene).
- 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) dimethyl malonate tetraethyl-2,2- (1,4-phenylenedimethylidene) bismaronate
- 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) dimethyl malonate
- tetraethyl-2,2- (1,4-phenylenedimethylidene) bismaronate and 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene).
- 2- (p-methoxybenzylidene) dimethyl malonate tetraethyl-2,2- (1,4-phenylenedimethylidene) bismar
- Examples of commercially available products of the ultraviolet shielding agent having the malonic acid ester structure include Hostavin B-CAP, Hostavin PR-25, and Hostavin PR-31 (all manufactured by Clariant).
- Examples of the ultraviolet shielding agent having a oxalic acid anilide structure include N- (2-ethylphenyl) -N'-(2-ethoxy-5-t-butylphenyl) oxalic acid diamide and N- (2-ethylphenyl)-.
- a oxalic acid having an aryl group substituted on a nitrogen atom such as N'-(2-ethoxy-phenyl) oxalic acid diamide and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxy-oxalanilide ("SanduvorVSU" manufactured by Clariant). Examples include diamides.
- ultraviolet shielding agent having the benzoate structure examples include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (“Tinuvin 120” manufactured by BASF) and the like. ..
- the content of the ultraviolet shielding agent and the content of the benzotriazole compound are preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the layer containing the ultraviolet shielding agent (second layer or third layer). Is 0.2% by weight or more, more preferably 0.3% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or more. In this case, the decrease in visible light transmittance after the elapse of the period is further suppressed.
- the content of the ultraviolet shielding agent and the content of the benzotriazole compound are preferably 2.5% by weight or less, more preferably.
- the content of the ultraviolet shielding agent is 0.2% by weight or more in 100% by weight of the layer containing the ultraviolet shielding agent, the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass after a period of time is lowered. It can be significantly suppressed.
- the second layer preferably contains an antioxidant.
- the third layer preferably contains an antioxidant. Only one kind of the above-mentioned antioxidant may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- antioxidants examples include phenol-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphorus-based antioxidants and the like.
- the above-mentioned phenolic antioxidant is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton.
- the sulfur-based antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a sulfur atom.
- the phosphorus-based antioxidant is an antioxidant containing a phosphorus atom.
- the above-mentioned antioxidant is preferably a phenol-based antioxidant or a phosphorus-based antioxidant.
- phenolic antioxidant examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, and stearyl-.
- Examples of the phosphorus-based antioxidant include tridecylphosphite, tris (tridecyl) phosphite, triphenylphosphite, trinonylphenylphosphite, bis (tridecyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and bis (decyl) pentaerythritol diphos.
- antioxidants are preferably used.
- antioxidants Commercially available products of the above-mentioned antioxidant include, for example, "IRGANOX 245" manufactured by BASF, "IRGAFOS 168" manufactured by BASF, “IRGAFOS 38" manufactured by BASF, “Smilizer BHT” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and “Smilizer BHT” manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Examples thereof include “H-BHT” and "IRGANOX 1010" manufactured by BASF.
- the content of the antioxidant is 0 in 100% by weight of the layer containing the antioxidant (second layer or third layer). It is preferably 3.03% by weight or more, and more preferably 0.1% by weight or more. Further, since the effect of adding the antioxidant is saturated, the content of the antioxidant is 2% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the layer containing the antioxidant (second layer or third layer). Is preferable.
- the second layer and the third layer are different from heat-shielding particles, light stabilizers, coupling agents, dispersants, dyes, surfactants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, and metal salts, respectively, as necessary. It may contain additives such as an adhesive force adjusting agent, a moisture resistant agent, a fluorescent whitening agent and an infrared absorber. Only one of these additives may be used, or two or more of these additives may be used in combination.
- the second layer may contain heat shield particles.
- the third layer may contain heat-shielding particles. It is preferable that at least one layer of the interlayer film contains heat-shielding particles. Infrared rays with a wavelength of 780 nm or more, which is longer than visible light, have a smaller amount of energy than ultraviolet rays. However, infrared rays have a large thermal effect, and when infrared rays are absorbed by a substance, they are emitted as heat. For this reason, infrared rays are generally called heat rays. By using the heat shield particles, infrared rays (heat rays) can be effectively blocked.
- the heat-shielding particles mean particles that can absorb infrared rays. Since the interlayer film contains heat-shielding particles, the heat-shielding property and appearance design of the laminated glass can be improved.
- heat shield particles include aluminum-doped tin oxide particles, indium-doped tin oxide particles, antimony-doped tin oxide particles (ATO particles), gallium-doped zinc oxide particles (GZO particles), and indium-doped zinc oxide particles (IZO particles). ), Aluminum-doped zinc oxide particles (AZO particles), niob-doped titanium oxide particles, tungsten oxide particles, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles), tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, and other metal oxide particles. Hexagonized lanthanum (LaB 6 ) particles and the like can be mentioned. Heat-shielding particles other than these may be used.
- tungsten oxide particles examples include sodium-doped tungsten oxide particles, cesium-doped tungsten oxide particles (CWO particles), thallium-doped tungsten oxide particles, rubidium-doped tungsten oxide particles, and the like. Only one kind of the heat shield particles may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the average particle size of the heat-shielding particles is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 20 nm or more, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less, still more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the average particle size is at least the above lower limit, the shielding property of heat rays can be sufficiently enhanced.
- the average particle size is not more than the upper limit, the dispersibility of the heat shield particles is high.
- the above “average particle size” indicates the volume average particle size.
- the average particle size can be measured using a particle size distribution measuring device (“UPA-EX150” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) or the like.
- the content of the heat-shielding particles is preferably 0.01% by weight or more in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer (film, second layer or third layer) containing the heat-shielding particles. , More preferably 0.1% by weight or more, still more preferably 1% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 1.5% by weight or more.
- the content of the heat-shielding particles is preferably 6% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer (film, second layer or third layer) containing the heat-shielding particles. It is preferably 5.5% by weight or less, more preferably 4% by weight or less, particularly preferably 3.5% by weight or less, and most preferably 3% by weight or less.
- the second layer may contain a dye.
- the third layer may contain a dye. It is preferable that at least one layer of the interlayer film contains a dye. By including the dye, the laminated glass can be colored to a desired color tone.
- the dye include pigments and dyes. Examples of the pigment include a blue pigment, a red pigment, a yellow pigment, and a green pigment. The type and content of the dye can be appropriately changed according to the target color tone. Only one kind of the above dye may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the content of the dye is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.001% by weight or more, in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the dye (film, second layer or third layer). It is 0.003% by weight or more, more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 0.05% by weight or more.
- the content of the dye is preferably 0.8% by weight or less, more preferably 0.8% by weight or less, in 100% by weight of the interlayer film or 100% by weight of the layer containing the dye (film, second layer or third layer). It is 0.5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.3% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.2% by weight or less, and most preferably 0.1% by weight or less. When the content of the dye is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, it becomes easy to secure appropriate coloring while improving the weather resistance.
- the interlayer film has one end and the other end on the opposite side of the one end.
- the one end and the other end are both end portions facing each other in the interlayer film.
- the interlayer film may be an interlayer film in which the thickness of the one end and the thickness of the other end are the same, or the thickness of the other end may be larger than the thickness of the one end.
- the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped
- the cross-sectional shape of the film having the optical properties in the thickness direction may be wedge-shaped
- the cross-sectional shape of the second layer in the thickness direction is wedge-shaped. It may be present, and the cross-sectional shape of the third layer in the thickness direction may be wedge-shaped.
- the wedge angle of the layer having a wedge-shaped cross section is preferably 0.01 mrad (0.0006 degrees) or more, more preferably. Is 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more, preferably 2.0 mrad (0.1146 degrees) or less, and more preferably 1.5 mrad (0.0401 degrees) or less.
- the wedge angle of the interlayer film is preferably 0.01 mrad (0.0006 degrees) or more, more preferably 0.2 mrad (0.0115 degrees) or more, and preferably 2 It is 0.0 mad (0.1146 degrees) or less, more preferably 1.5 mad (0.0401 degrees) or less.
- the wedge angle of the intermediate film or the layer is a straight line connecting the intermediate film or the first surface portion of the layer to the maximum thickness portion and the minimum thickness portion of the intermediate film or the layer, and the intermediate film or the above layer. It is an internal angle at the intersection of the intermediate film between the maximum thickness portion and the minimum thickness portion of the layer or the straight line connecting the second surface portion of the layer.
- the method for producing the interlayer film is not particularly limited.
- a method for producing the interlayer film a conventionally known method can be used.
- a manufacturing method in which each of the above-mentioned components is kneaded to form an interlayer film can be mentioned. Since it is suitable for continuous production, a manufacturing method of extrusion molding is preferable.
- the second and third layers are preferably formed by extrusion molding.
- the above kneading method is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the kneading method include a method using an extruder, a plast graph, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a calendar roll, and the like.
- the method using an extruder is preferable because it is suitable for continuous production, and the method using a twin-screw extruder is more preferable.
- the film having optical properties, the second layer, and the third layer are separately prepared, and then the second layer, the film having optical properties, and the third layer are prepared. And may be laminated to obtain an interlayer film.
- the method of laminating each layer is not particularly limited.
- a heat laminating method or the like can be mentioned.
- the interlayer film may be a laminated film in which a second layer, a film having optical properties, and a third layer are laminated to be integrated.
- the second layer, the film having optical properties, and the third layer may be superposed to such an extent that they can be separated from each other.
- the second layer, the film having optical properties, and the third layer may be laminated by coextrusion to obtain an interlayer film.
- an interlayer film may be obtained by laminating a third layer on the film side having optical properties of a coextruded product obtained by coextruding a second layer and a film having optical properties.
- An interlayer film may be obtained by laminating a second layer on the film side having optical properties of a coextruded product obtained by coextruding a third layer and a film having optical properties.
- an interlayer film can be obtained. good.
- the second layer and the third layer contain the same polyvinyl acetal resin, and more preferably the same polyvinyl acetal resin and the same plasticizer. It is more preferable that the second layer and the third layer are formed of the same resin composition because the intermediate film production efficiency is excellent.
- the maximum thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more, still more preferably 0.5 mm or more, particularly preferably 0.8 mm or more, and preferably 3.8 mm or less, more preferably. Is 2 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or less.
- the maximum thickness of the surface layer of the interlayer film is preferably 0.001 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, still more preferably 0. It is 3 mm or more, preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 0.8 mm or less.
- the maximum thickness of the layer (intermediate layer) arranged between the two surface layers of the interlayer film is preferably 0.001 mm or more, more preferably 0.001 mm or more. It is 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.2 mm or more, preferably 0.8 mm or less, more preferably 0.6 mm or less, still more preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- the laminated glass has one end and the other end on the opposite side of the one end.
- the one end and the other end are both end portions facing each other in the laminated glass.
- the laminated glass may be a laminated glass in which the thickness of the one end and the thickness of the other end are the same, or the laminated glass in which the thickness of the other end is larger than the thickness of the one end may be used.
- the hue of the laminated glass can be represented by the L * value, a * value and b * value in the L * a * b * color system.
- the hue of the laminated glass means a value measured by the laminated glass with a color difference meter.
- the hue of the laminated glass is preferably measured at the center position of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the L * a * b * color system is a color system that forms a color solid composed of Cartesian coordinates of the a * axis and b * axis indicating the chromaticity and the L * axis perpendicular to the Cartesian coordinates.
- the L * value of the above laminated glass is not particularly limited.
- the L * value of the laminated glass is preferably 15 or more, preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, still more preferably 40 or less, and particularly preferably 30 or less. If the L * value does not become too small, the b * value does not become too small and the blackness does not become excessively strong.
- Preferred ranges of the L * value of the laminated glass include a range of 15 to 60 and a range of 15 to 30.
- the absolute value of the a * value of the laminated glass is preferably small because increasing on the positive side increases redness and increasing on the negative side increases greenness.
- the a * value of the laminated glass is preferably ⁇ 48 or more, more preferably ⁇ 45 or more, still more preferably ⁇ 35 or more, preferably +3 or less, more preferably +1 or less, still more preferably 0 or less.
- Preferred ranges of the a * value of the laminated glass include a range of ⁇ 45 to +3, a range of ⁇ 45 to +1, a range of ⁇ 40 to +1 and a range of ⁇ 35 to 0.
- the b * value of the laminated glass is preferably -17 or more, more preferably -10 or more, preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.
- Preferred ranges of the b * value of the laminated glass include a range of -17 to +15 and a range of -10 to +10.
- the above laminated glass can be used for automobiles, railroad vehicles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc.
- the laminated glass can be used for other purposes.
- the laminated glass is preferably a laminated glass for vehicles or buildings, and more preferably a laminated glass for vehicles.
- the laminated glass can be used for windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, roof glasses, backlight glasses and the like of automobiles.
- the laminated glass is preferably used for automobiles.
- the pressure applied to the laminated glass member (particularly the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member) during the degassing process is large, so that the film having optical properties is liable to wrinkle. .. This wrinkle is likely to occur at the edges.
- the laminated glass according to the present invention can be obtained by reducing the pressure applied to the laminated glass member (particularly the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member) during the degassing step.
- the method for manufacturing the laminated glass includes an arrangement step of arranging the interlayer film between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member to obtain a laminated body.
- the method for manufacturing the laminated glass includes a degassing step of degassing so that the pressure applied to the corners of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is 8 MPa or less.
- the laminated glass is preferably a laminated glass obtained by performing the above-mentioned arrangement step and the above-mentioned degassing step.
- the pressure applied to the corners of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 0.5 MPa or more, more preferably 1.0 MPa or more, and preferably 1.0 MPa or more. It is 8 MPa or less, more preferably 5 MPa or less.
- the pressure is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the first and second laminated glass members and the interlayer film can be satisfactorily pressure-bonded.
- the pressure is not more than the upper limit, the occurrence of wrinkles in the interlayer film can be suppressed.
- a vacuum rubber tube is attached to the outer peripheral edge of the laminated body, (2) the laminated body is arranged in a vacuum bag, or (3). It is preferable to degas the laminated body in a state of being pressed with two rubber rolls using a nipper roll.
- a round type vacuum having an inner peripheral length longer than the outer peripheral edge length of the laminated body as the vacuum rubber tube when degassing with the vacuum rubber tube attached to the outer peripheral edge of the laminated body. It is preferable to use a rubber tube or a squared type vacuum rubber tube having a shape corresponding to the shape of the laminated body.
- the round type vacuum rubber tube include a vacuum rubber tube having a shape similar to that of the vacuum rubber tube 50 shown in FIG. 4 (a).
- Examples of the squared type vacuum rubber tube include polygonal type vacuum rubber tubes such as triangles and squares, and examples thereof include a vacuum rubber tube having the vacuum rubber tube 50A shown in FIG. 4 (b).
- the cushioning material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polycarbonate plate, a metal plate, and heat-resistant rubber.
- the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member is effective. Can be made smaller.
- the pressure applied to the corners of the laminated glass member can be effectively reduced.
- the temperature in the degassing step is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 150 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 120 ° C. or lower.
- the method for producing laminated glass it is preferable to include a step of autoclaving the laminated body after the degassing step.
- the temperature of the autoclave treatment step is preferably 110 ° C. or higher, preferably 150 ° C. or lower.
- the pressure applied to the corners of the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member is preferably 1 MPa or more, preferably 1.5 MPa or less.
- n-butyraldehyde having 4 carbon atoms is used for acetalization.
- degree of acetalization degree of butyralization
- degree of acetylation degree of acetylation
- content of hydroxyl groups were measured by a method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method”.
- ASTM D1396-92 the same numerical value as the method based on JIS K6728 "polyvinyl butyral test method” was shown.
- Clear glass having the shape shown in FIG. 5 in a plan view (thickness 2.5 mm, outer peripheral length 100 cm)
- Polyvinyl acetal resin (PVB, polyvinyl butyral resin using n-butyraldehyde, average degree of polymerization 1700, hydroxylation content 30 mol%, acetylation degree 1 mol%, acetalization degree 69 mol%)
- Tinuvin 326 (2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, BASF's "Tinuvin 326"
- Example 1 Preparation of Resin Composition for Forming Second Layer and Third Layer: The following components were blended and sufficiently kneaded with a mixing roll to obtain a resin composition for forming a second layer and a third layer.
- PVB 100 parts by weight 3GO: 40 parts by weight
- Tinuvin326 Amount to be 0.2% by weight in the obtained second layer and the third layer BHT: 0 in the obtained second layer and the third layer. Amount to be 2% by weight
- interlayer film The PET film and the resin composition for forming the second and third layers are laminated to form a three-layer structure (second layer (thickness 780 ⁇ m) / PET film (thickness 100 ⁇ m) / third layer.
- An interlayer film having a layer (380 ⁇ m)) was prepared.
- An interlayer film was prepared so that the end portion of the PET film protruded outside the end portion of the second and third layers.
- Laminated glass production The obtained interlayer film was cut into a shape (shape shown in FIG. 5) corresponding to the shape of the clear glass. The cut interlayer film was sandwiched between two clear glasses to obtain a clear glass / interlayer film / clear glass laminate.
- a round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner circumference of 105 cm was prepared. With the vacuum rubber tube attached to the outer peripheral edge of the obtained laminate, the vacuum rubber tube was placed in an oven set at 90 ° C. to degas. The pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 5 MPa. Next, the temporarily crimped laminate was held in an autoclave under the conditions of a temperature of 140 ° C.
- Example 2 Instead of the round type vacuum rubber tube with an inner circumference of 105 cm, a trapezoidal type (squared type) vacuum rubber tube with an inner circumference of 100 cm and a shape corresponding to the shape of clear glass is used.
- An interlayer film and laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 2.5 MPa.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer.
- the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 3 Instead of the round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 105 cm, a round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 100 cm was used. Further, a polycarbonate plate having a thickness of 2 mm was used as a cushioning material between the vacuum rubber tube and the laminated body, and the cushioning material cut to 2 mm was sandwiched along the corners of the laminated glass member. Except for these, an interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 2.5 MPa.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer. Further, in the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 4 An interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained laminate was degassed while being placed in a vacuum bag.
- the pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 2.5 MPa.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer. Further, in the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 5 An interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the laminate obtained by using the nipper rolls was degassed in a state of being pressed by two rubber rolls.
- the pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 2.5 MPa.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer. Further, in the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 6 The interlayer film and laminated glass are the same as in Example 1, except that a round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 145 cm is used instead of the round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 105 cm.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer. Further, in the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 7 Except for the fact that the cross-sectional shape of the second layer in the thickness direction has a minimum thickness (thickness of one end) of 670 ⁇ m, a maximum thickness (the other end) of 1515 ⁇ m, an average thickness of 1096 ⁇ m, and a wedge angle of 1.2 mrad. Obtained an interlayer film and a laminated glass in the same manner as in Example 6. In the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer.
- the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 8 Except for the addition of heat-shielding particles tin-doped indium oxide particles in an amount of 0.17% by weight in the obtained second layer to the resin composition for forming the second layer, as in Example 6.
- an interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer.
- the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- Example 9 An interlayer film and a laminated glass were obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that a dye was added to the resin composition for forming the second layer.
- the amount of pigment added was 0.029% by weight for Pigment Black 6, 0.018% by weight for Pigment Blue 15: 1, 0.011% by weight for Pigment Green 7, and Pigment Red in the second layer obtained.
- the amount of 149 was 0.0063% by weight and that of Pigment Violet 202 was 0.0093% by weight.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer.
- U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- Example 1 The interlayer film and laminated glass are the same as in Example 1, except that a round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 100 cm is used instead of the round type vacuum rubber tube having an inner peripheral length of 105 cm.
- the pressure applied to the corners (corners having an angle of 70 °) of the laminated glass member at the time of degassing was 10 MPa.
- the end portion of the PET film was present outside the end portion of the second layer and outside the end portion of the third layer. Further, in the obtained laminated glass, the end portion of the second layer and the end portion of the first laminated glass member are aligned, and the end portion of the third layer and the end portion of the second laminated glass member are aligned. It was in line with the club.
- the distance between the upper surface of the PET film and the lower surface of the first laminated glass member (the upper surface of the second layer) is measured, and the difference between the shortest distance and the longest distance is determined by the height of the unevenness of the upper surface of the PET film. It was set to the maximum value.
- the distance between the lower surface of the PET film and the upper surface of the second laminated glass member (lower surface of the third layer) is measured, and the difference between the shortest distance and the longest distance is determined by the height of the unevenness of the lower surface of the PET film. was set to the maximum value of.
- Example 7 having the wedge-shaped second layer, only the height of the unevenness on the lower surface of the PET film was measured.
- the maximum value of the height of the unevenness is 0 ⁇ m, the surface of the PET film has no unevenness.
- the region R'5 cm inward from the end of the first laminated glass member was the same as the region R of 5 cm.
Landscapes
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材としては、ガラス板及びPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム等が挙げられる。上記合わせガラスには、2枚のガラス板の間に中間膜が挟み込まれている合わせガラスだけでなく、ガラス板とPETフィルム等との間に中間膜が挟み込まれている合わせガラスも含まれる。合わせガラスは、ガラス板を備えた積層体であり、少なくとも1枚のガラス板が用いられていることが好ましい。上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材がそれぞれガラス板又はPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルムであり、かつ上記合わせガラスが、上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材として、少なくとも1枚のガラス板を含むことが好ましい。上記第1,第2の合わせガラス部材の双方がガラス板であることが特に好ましい。
上記中間膜は、光学的性質を有するフィルムと、熱可塑性樹脂を含む第2の層とを少なくとも備える。上記第2の層は、上記光学的性質を有するフィルムの第1の表面側に配置されている。したがって、上記中間膜は、少なくとも2層の構造を有する。上記中間膜は、2層の構造を有していてもよく、2層以上の構造を有していてもよく、3層の構造を有していてもよく、3層以上の構造を有していてもよく、4層以上の構造を有していてもよく、5層以上の構造を有していてもよく、6層以上の構造を有していてもよい。
上記光学的性質を有するフィルムとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム)、及び赤外線反射フィルム等が挙げられる。
熱可塑性樹脂:
上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含む。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、樹脂(以下、樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(3)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)と上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)とは、同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。上記熱可塑性樹脂(2)及び上記熱可塑性樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)及び上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)はそれぞれ、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記第2の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点からは、上記第3の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記第2の層は、アルカリ金属塩及びアルカリ土類金属塩の内の少なくとも1種の金属塩(以下、金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。なお、アルカリ土類金属とは、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、及びRaの6種の金属を意味する。上記金属塩Mの使用により、中間膜と合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、遮熱粒子、光安定剤、カップリング剤、分散剤、色素、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記第2の層は、遮熱粒子を含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、遮熱粒子を含んでいてもよい。上記中間膜の少なくとも1つの層が、遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。可視光よりも長い波長780nm以上の赤外線は、紫外線と比較して、エネルギー量が小さい。しかしながら、赤外線は熱的作用が大きく、赤外線が物質に吸収されると熱として放出される。このため、赤外線は一般に熱線と呼ばれている。上記遮熱粒子の使用により、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。なお、遮熱粒子とは、赤外線を吸収可能な粒子を意味する。中間膜が遮熱粒子を含むことにより、合わせガラスの遮熱性及び外観意匠性を良好にすることができる。
上記第2の層は、色素を含んでいてもよい。上記第3の層は、色素を含んでいてもよい。上記中間膜の少なくとも1つの層が、色素を含むことが好ましい。色素を含ませることにより、合わせガラスを所望の色調に着色することができる。上記色素としては、顔料及び染料等が挙げられる。上記色素としては、青色色素、赤色色素、黄色色素、及び緑色色素等が挙げられる。上記色素の種類及び含有量は、目的とする色調に応じて、適宜変更可能である。上記色素は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、一端と、上記一端の反対側に他端とを有する。上記一端と上記他端とは、中間膜において対向し合う両側の端部である。上記中間膜は、上記一端の厚みと上記他端の厚みとが同じである中間膜であってもよく、上記他端の厚みが上記一端の厚みよりも大きい中間膜であってもよい。
上記合わせガラスは、一端と、上記一端の反対側に他端とを有する。上記一端と上記他端とは、上記合わせガラスにおいて対向し合う両側の端部である。上記合わせガラスは、上記一端の厚みと上記他端の厚みとが同じである合わせガラスであってもよく、上記他端の厚みが上記一端の厚みよりも大きい合わせガラスであってもよい。
ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム、3M社製「超多層樹脂フィルム Nano 90S」)
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(PVB、n-ブチルアルデヒドを用いたポリビニルブチラール樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度69モル%)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
Tinuvin326(2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-t-ブチル-5-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製「Tinuvin326」)
BHT(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール)
ピグメントブラック6、ピグメントブルー15:1、ピグメントグリーン7、ピグメントレッド149、及びピグメントバイオレット202
錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子
第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための樹脂組成物の作製:
以下の成分を配合し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための樹脂組成物を得た。
3GO:40重量部
Tinuvin326:得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量
BHT:得られる第2の層及び第3の層中で0.2重量%となる量
PETフィルムと、第2,第3の層を形成するための樹脂組成物とを、ラミネートして、3層の構造(第2の層(厚み780μm)/PETフィルム(厚み100μm)/第3の層(380μm))を有する中間膜を作製した。なお、PETフィルムの端部が、第2,第3の層の端部よりも外側にはみ出すようにして、中間膜を作製した。
得られた中間膜を、クリアガラスの形状に対応する形状(図5に示す形状)に切断した。切断した中間膜を、2枚のクリアガラスの間に挟み込んでクリアガラス/中間膜/クリアガラスの積層体を得た。内周長さが105cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管を用意した。得られた積層体の外周縁に上記真空ゴム管を装着した状態で、90℃に設定されたオーブンに入れて、脱気を行った。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は5MPaであった。次いで、仮圧着された積層体を、オートクレーブ内で、温度140℃及び圧力1.3MPaの条件下で10分間保持した後、50℃まで温度を下げ大気圧に戻すことにより本圧着を終了して、合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
内周長さが105cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管の代わりに、内周長さが100cmでありかつクリアガラスの形状に対応する形状を有する台形タイプ(角有タイプ)の真空ゴム管を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は2.5MPaであった。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
内周長さが105cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管の代わりに、内周長さが100cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管を用いた。また、真空ゴム管と積層体との間に緩衝材として厚さ2mmのポリカーボネート板を用い、合わせガラス部材の角部に沿うように、2mmに切取った緩衝材を挟み込んだ。これら以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は2.5MPaであった。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
得られた積層体を真空袋内に配置した状態で脱気を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は2.5MPaであった。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
ニッパーロールを用いて得られた積層体を2本のゴムロールでプレスした状態で脱気を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は2.5MPaであった。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
内周長さが105cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管の代りに、内周長さが145cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
第2の層の厚み方向の断面形状を、最小厚み(一端の厚み)が670μm、最大厚み(他端)の厚みが1515μm、平均厚みが1096μm、楔角が1.2mradの楔状としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして、中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
第2の層を形成するための樹脂組成物に、得られる第2の層中で0.17重量%となる量の遮熱粒子錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子を添加したこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして、中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
第2の層を形成するための樹脂組成物に色素を添加したこと以外は、実施例6と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。添加した色素の量は、得られる第2の層中で、ピグメントブラック6が0.029重量%、ピグメントブルー15:1が0.018重量%、ピグメントグリーン7が0.011重量%、ピグメントレッド149が0.0063重量%、ピグメントバイオレット202が0.0093重量%となる量とした。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。また、この合わせガラスの色相は、分光器の光進行方向に対して、成膜方向にサンプルをセットした際に、L*a*b*表色系において、L*=27、a*=0.41、b*=1.20であり、可視光線透過率=5.2%であった。この際、測定装置には分光光度計(日立製作所社製「U-4100」)を用い、JIS R3211(1998)に準拠して、380~780nmでの可視光線透過率を算出した。
内周長さが105cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管に代わりに、内周長さが100cmである丸タイプの真空ゴム管を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に中間膜及び合わせガラスを得た。なお、脱気時の合わせガラス部材の角部(70°の角度を有する角部)に負荷される圧力は10MPaであった。得られた合わせガラスでは、PETフィルムの端部は、第2の層の端部よりも外側に存在しており、かつ、第3の層の端部よりも外側に存在していた。また、得られた合わせガラスでは、第2の層の端部と第1の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っており、かつ、第3の層の端部と第2の合わせガラス部材の端部とは揃っていた。
(1)第1の合わせガラス部材の端部からPETフィルムの端部までの距離Lの最大値
得られた合わせガラスの距離Lを測定し、距離Lの最大値を評価した。なお、得られた合わせガラスにおいて、第2の合わせガラス部材の端部から光学的性質を有するフィルムの端部までの距離L’は、合わせガラスの同じ部位での上記距離Lと同一であった。上記距離L’の最大値は、上記距離Lの最大値と同一であった。上記距離Lの平均値は、上記距離Lの最大値とほぼ同じであった。上記距離L’の平均値は、上記距離L’の最大値とほぼ同じであった。
第1の合わせガラス部材の端部から内側に向かって5cmの領域Rにおいて、合わせガラスにおけるPETフィルムの厚み方向に沿う断面を観察した。5cmの領域Rにおいて、PETフィルムの表面(上面及び下面)の最も高い部分(最も高い凸部の頂点)と最も低い部分(最も深い凹部の最深部)との高さの距離(高低差)をマイクロスコープ(OLYMPUS社製「DSX500」)を用いて測定し、凹凸の高さの最大値とした。具体的に、PETフィルムの上面と第1の合わせガラス部材の下面(第2の層の上面)との距離を測定し、最短距離と最長距離との差を、PETフィルムの上面の凹凸の高さの最大値とした。同様に、PETフィルムの下面と第2の合わせガラス部材の上面(第3の層の下面)との距離を測定し、最短距離と最長距離との差を、PETフィルムの下面の凹凸の高さの最大値とした。PETフィルムの上面の凹凸の高さの最大値及びPETフィルムの下面の凹凸の高さの最大値の大きい方を、PETフィルムの表面の凹凸の高さの最大値とした。なお、楔状の第2の層を有する実施例7では、PETフィルムの下面の凹凸の高さのみを測定した。なお、凹凸の高さの最大値が0μmの場合には、PETフィルムの表面は凹凸を有さない。また、得られた合わせガラスにおいて、第1の合わせガラス部材の端部から内側に向かって5cmの領域R’は、上記5cmの領域Rと同一であった。
JIS K6714に準拠して、ヘイズメーターを用いて、合わせガラスのヘイズを測定し、5cmの領域Rにおける合わせガラスのヘイズの最大値と、合わせガラスのヘイズの最大値とを求めた。
得られた合わせガラスの外観を目視にて観察した。
〇:中間膜にしわが生じておらず、合わせガラスの外観が良好である
×:中間膜にしわが生じており、合わせガラスの外観が不良である
1a,1Aa…第1の表面
1b,1Ab…第2の表面
2,2A…第2の層
2a,2Aa…外側の表面
3,3A…第3の層
3a,3Aa…外側の表面
11,11A…中間膜
11a,11Aa…第1の表面
11b,11Ab…第2の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
25…合わせガラス部材
31,31A…合わせガラス
50,50A…真空ゴム管
Claims (8)
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、第2の合わせガラス部材と、中間膜とを備える合わせガラスであり、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記中間膜が配置されており、
前記中間膜が、光学的性質を有するフィルムと、熱可塑性樹脂を含む第2の層とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材の端部から前記光学的性質を有するフィルムの端部までの距離の最大値が15mm以下であり、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材の端部から内側に向かって5cmの領域において、前記光学的性質を有するフィルムの厚み方向に沿う断面観察における前記光学的性質を有するフィルムの表面の凹凸の高さの最大値が100μm以下である、合わせガラス。 - 前記5cmの領域において、前記光学的性質を有するフィルムの厚み方向に沿う断面観察における前記光学的性質を有するフィルムの表面の凹凸の高さの最大値が50μm以下である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記5cmの領域において、合わせガラスのヘイズの最大値が2%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス。
- 合わせガラスのヘイズの最大値が2%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第1の合わせガラス部材及び前記第2の合わせガラス部材がそれぞれ、平面視にて、100°以下の角部を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第1の合わせガラス部材及び前記第2の合わせガラス部材がそれぞれ、平面視にて、80°以下の角部を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に前記中間膜を配置して積層体を得る配置工程と、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材及び前記第2の合わせガラス部材の角部に負荷される圧力が8MPa以下となるように脱気する脱気工程とを行うことで得られる、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記積層体の外周縁に真空ゴム管を装着した状態、前記積層体を真空袋内に配置した状態、又はニッパーロールを用いて前記積層体を2本のゴムロールでプレスした状態で前記脱気工程を行うことで得られる、請求項7に記載の合わせガラス。
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JP2018070383A (ja) * | 2015-03-11 | 2018-05-10 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | ウインドウフィルム及びそれを用いた合わせガラス |
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